推荐中考英语必考词汇

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推荐中考英语必考词汇

推荐中考英语必考词汇 篇1

Transport v. 运输,运送

Trick n. 恶作剧;诡计,花招 True adj. 真的,真实的 Truth n. 真理;真相

Unhealthy adj. 不健康的 Uniform n. 制服

United adj. 联合的,统一的 Upset adj. 难过的,不高兴的 Various adj. 各种各样的 Victory n. 胜利

Waitress n. 女侍者;女服务员 Wake(woke,woken/ waked, waked) Warn v. 警告

Wear(wore, worn) v. 穿;戴 Weight n. 重量

Wide adj. 宽阔的;广泛的 Widely adv. 宽阔的;广泛的 Widen v. 拓宽

Wisdom n. 智慧,才智 Wise adj. 明智的,聪明的 Wooden adj. 木质的

Wound n. 创伤,伤

Wounded adj. 受伤的

U V W v. 醒

推荐中考英语必考词汇 篇2

在中学阶段, 词汇教学一直是英语教学的核心部分, 而英语高频词汇的习得是英语习得中最重要和最基础的部分 (马广惠2006) 。但教无定法, 教师应该教哪些词汇才能让学生摆脱毫无重点地死扣教科书的困境?哪些词汇是教学大纲和考试实战中的“宠儿”?中考英语阅读中词汇的使用频率和覆盖率是教师日常词汇教学的参考。

二、基本概念

词群 (word family) 包含了本词及其屈折和派生形式, 例如:本词teach, 其屈折形式为teaches, teaching及taught, 派生形式为teacher。词形 (word form) 是指不同的单词形式, 例如:teach, teaches, teaching, taught, teacher为五个不同的词形。字数 (token) 是指单词出现的个数, 复现的单词累计;词数 (type) 是指不同词形的单词出现的个数, 复现的单词不累计;群数 (family) 是指词群出现的词数, 复现的词群不累计。例如:teach, teacher, teaching, teach的token为4, type为3, family为1。

三、研究设计

(一) 研究对象

本次研究对象为近五年来, 即2011~2015年苏州市初中毕业暨升学考试 (中考) 的完形填空和阅读理解部分出现的所有单词 (包含选项部分) 。

(二) 研究工具

本研究运用了词汇分析软件Range BNC。Range软件具有强大的测量文本词汇深度和广度的功能, 为广大语言学家广泛认可和运用。本研究参照的词表源自BNC (British National Corpus) , 该语料库涵盖了自20世纪后期以来广泛的英语文本, 词容量超过1亿, 是目前世界上最大、最具代表性的语料库之一。其主要包含16个词表, 本研究使用了其中的三个词表, 包括2555个词群。其中一级词表包括998个词群, 4119个词形;二级词表包括987个词群, 3708个词形;三级词表包括570个词群, 3107个词形。这些词表中的词形都互不包含。Range软件可以统计出文本的字数 (token) 、词数 (type) 和群数 (family) 。

四、结果与讨论

(一) 词汇量分析

如表1所示, 2011~2015年苏州市初中毕业暨升学考试 (中考) 的完形填空和阅读理解部分共出现944个词群, 1628个词形。其中, 一级词表中出现的词汇最多, 有7023个字, 占考试总字数的84.27%, 而词形出现了1058个, 占词形总数的64.99%。根据《义务教育课程标准》五级为9年级结束时即初中毕业考试应达到的基本要求, 其中, 对词汇的要求是1500~1600。课程标准中的单词不是这里所说的词群, teach和teacher属于同一词群但是不同的单词。其中有498个字, 186个词形不在词表中, 进一步观察分析结果发现, 这些字大多为人名、地名或其他专有名词。由此可见, 2011~2015年苏州市初中毕业暨升学考试的词汇量对于初中毕业生而言是较为适中的, 考查的单词量基本在大纲要求的范围之内。

(二) 词汇频度分析

由表2可见, 在一级词表中, the出现的频率最高, 达到了405次, 频率在100次以上的词有to, a, in, and和of。频率在35以上的词中, 绝大部分是冠词 (a, the) 、介词 (in, of, for, about, on, with, from) 、连词 (and, or, as) 、代词 (you, it, they, he, we, that, this, their) 和be动词 (is, are, was) 。出现频率最高的前30个词中只有一个是名词people。除了以上单词, do, many, at, of, them, be, his, I, one, some, t ime, by, but, the se, so, al so, li ke, se e, ve ry, we re your, because, food, our, want, young等单词的出现频率都达到了25次以上。

五、初中英语词汇教学启示

(一) 科学预设, 合理控制词汇教学

教师对学生词汇的学习要有科学合理的预设和控制。初中英语的词汇教学在参照大纲要求的词汇的同时, 也要以中考的高频词汇为核心。对于教材中出现的词汇, 以考试的标准进行重点的讲解。在选择测试卷和课外阅读材料的时候, 也应严格按照大纲和中考对词汇的要求, 适当控制并扩充词汇量, 有针对性地提高学生的词汇量, 减轻课业负担。

(二) 重视词汇在语篇中的功能

很多单词在不同的语境中呈现的意义千变万化, 教师不应割裂单词及其语境的联系, 剥夺学生猜词的能力。对于新单词, 教师不必急于告知学生中文含义, 而是先让其联系上下文猜测该词在语篇中的含义。另外, 也要重视一词多义, 呈现同一个词在不同语篇中的功能。

(三) 广泛阅读, 提高词汇复现率

除了课程标准要求的1500~1600个词汇, 中考中还出现了不少超纲的词汇, 教师需要培养学生通过上下文猜测词义的能力, 这一能力的培养离不开学生广泛的阅读, 离开阅读的词汇教学只是纸上谈兵。而课程标准五级也要求学生课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上, 可见阅读与词汇密不可分。词频是影响词汇习得的因素之一 (张伟、马广惠2007) , 阅读可以提高词汇的复现率, 更利于学生在语境中习得词汇。

(四) 重视词群和词形的教学

在上面的研究中, 一级词表中出现了7023个字, 1058个词形。可见同一个单词会以不同的形式出现在文中, 很多不同形式的单词有时又出于同一个词群。教师在平时的教学中应灌输词群意识, 由一个词群衍生出其派生和屈折形式, 从不同层面让学生真正认识一个单词及其不同的含义。

参考文献

马广惠.2006.中学生英语高频词汇水平研究[J].外语与外语教学, (1) :19-21.

人教新目标中考英语词汇专项练习 篇3

1. Let’s go to ______(一家) Chinese restaurant.

2. My elder brother is______ (一个) university student.

3. The poor old man is______ (一个) honest person.

4. The foreign visitors will be______ (能) to come tomorrow.

5. Later a neighbour told me______ (关于) him.

6. Today there are______ (大约) 900,000 people in this city.

7. The planes were flying______ (在……上) the clouds.

8.____________ (据……说) Peter, she’s a really good teacher.

9. Mr Li is going to swim______ (横渡) the Changjiang River next week.

10.______ (行动) are more important than words.

11. If you______ (加) 4 to 3, you get 7.

12. Do you know his home______ (住址).

13. I am______ (恐怕) you are wrong about that.

14. Don’t be____________ (怕) the dog.

15. The students in the school are not allowed to go out______ (……以后) dark.

16. I’ll call him______ (……以后) I get to the school.

17. There will be a meeting______

______(今天下午).

18. The singer sang the song______

____________(一遍又一遍).

19. Please put the ladder______ (靠在) the wall.

20. I haven’t seen her for______ (很长时间).

21. A short while______ (之前), my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.

22. The engineer____________ (同意) the worker’s idea.

23. The engineer____________ (同意) the worker.

24. Birds fly in the______ (空中).

25. My parents bought three______ (空调机).

26. The road is______ (覆盖) with snow.

27. Hurry up!It’s______ (差不多) time for school.

28. The old lady was______ (独自) in the house.

29. We went for a walk______ (沿着) the river.

30. She had______ (已经) gone when I arrived.

31.______ (虽然) they are poor, they are happy.

32. The United States of A______ is a big country.

33. Can you lend me 2,000______

______(美元)?

34. They live______ (在……之中) the mountains.

35. She reads for an hour______ (然后) went to bed.

36. I came home late and my mother was

______(生气).

37. The forest is full of wild______ (动物).

38. I don’t like this book, give me______ (另外) one.

39. I telephoned this morning, but nobody

______(接).

40. He is taller than______ (任何) other boys in his class.

41. Is there______ (什么东西) in that box?

42. You can go______ (任何地方) you like.

43. I have come to____________ (道歉) you.

44.____________ (苹果) a day keeps the doctor away.

45.______ the first is Fools’ Day.

46. There must be something wrong with my left______ (臂).

47. They look______ (四周) but Mary is already gone.

48. The plane____________ (到达) New York at last.

49. The girl is an______ (美术) student.

50. The children are reading an______ (文章) about a famous doctor.

51. She works in the same building______ my sister.

52. He works______ a driver.

53. Then the secretary______ (问) the lady if she was a relative of the manager.

54. A red bus is stopping______ (在) the bus stop.

55. Give your whole____________ (注意力) what you are doing.

56. The eighth month of the year is______.

57.______ (姨母) Lena has just left for America.

58. The season of the year between summer and winter is______.

英语六级必考词汇251-500 篇4

252. resent v. 怨恨 >he resented being called his nickname.

253. retort v. 反驳

254. retrieve v. 取回(get back, bring back)

255. reunion n. 团聚=get together>an occasion for family ~

256. revelation n. 揭示

257. revive v. 使复苏>~ economy

258. rigorous a. 严格的 ~ training for doctors

259. rip v. 撕裂

260. ritual n. 仪式=ceremony/routine>his morning ~ is to make coffee, take a shower and have breakfast.

261. robust a. 健壮的

262. rot v. 腐烂 =decay

263. safeguard v. 保护

264. savage a. 野蛮的 =not civilized

265. scent n. 香味 the scent of women(oscar 影片)

266. scrutiny n. 细看

267. setback n. 挫折

268. shatter v. 使粉碎> it shattered my dream.

269. simulate v. 模拟

270. skeptical a. 怀疑的

271. slack a. 松弛的

272. sneak v. 溜;偷偷地做

273. sober a. 未醉的> i’m ~ enough.

274. specifications n. 规格,说明书

275. spectacle n. 景象,大观

276. spectator n. 旁观者

277. spontaneous a. 自发的

278. stability n. 稳定

279. stagger v. 蹒跚

280. stationary a. 固定的

281. stimulus n. 刺激

282. straightforward a. 坦率的 a ~ reply

283. stubborn a. 倔强的

284. stumble v. 绊倒

285. subordinate a. 从属的

286. subscribe to v. 订阅

287. subsidy n. 补贴

288. subtle a. 微妙的>the ~ difference of the two words

289. supervise v. 监督

290. suppress v. 镇压; 抑制

291. tangle with v. 争吵, 纠葛

292. tariff n. 关税

293. tease v. 取笑

294. temperament n. 气质

295. tempt v. 引诱

296. tentative a. 试探的

297. terminate v. 终止

298. texture n. 质地

299. threshold n. 开端 on the ~ of (即将开始)

300. timid a. 胆小的

301. tolerant a. 宽容的

302. toss v. 抛,甩

303. tow v. 拖

304. toxic a. 有毒的=poisonous

305. trait n. 特点, 特性 personality ~

306. transaction n. 交易

307. transit n. 运输

308. transition n. 过渡, 转变

309. transplant v./n. 移植

310. trivial a. 琐碎的

311. tumble v. 跌到,翻滚(stumble绊倒)

312. turbulent a. 混乱的

313. unanimous a. 一致的

314. underestimate v. 低估

315. undermine v. 暗中破坏

316. undergo v. 经历 ~ great changes

317. underlying a. 潜在的

318. uphold v. 支持 ~ world peace

319. vent n.. 排放口 give ~ to(发泄)

320. verge n. 边缘 =brink> on the verge of bankruptcy

321. versatile a. 多才多艺的

322. vicinity n. 附近in the ~

323. visa n. 签证

324. visualize v. 设想

325. vulgar a. 粗俗的

326. vulnerable a. 易受伤的

327. warfare n. 战争

328. warrant n. 授权令;理由>the policeman has a ~ to arrest you.

329. weary a. 疲劳的

330. wrinkle v. 起皱

331. accelerate v. 加速

332. accessible a. 可接近的,可进入的

333. acknowledge v. 感谢

334. acquire v. 学会〖第一┆范文网整理该文章,版权归原作者、原出处所有。〗

335. address v. 向。。。讲话

336. alert a. 活跃的 b. 机警的 c. 外国的

337. allege a. 推断 b. 断言 c. 联合

338. allocate a. 准许 b. 位于 c. 分配

339. appeal v. 有吸引力

340. applicable a. 适用的

341. assess v. 估价

342. assumption n. 假定 [page]

343. successor n. 继任者

344. bond n. 联系

345. bounce v. 反弹

346. breed v. 培育

347. bump into v. 碰见

348. campaign n. 运动

349. category n. 种类

350. cease n. 停止

351. chaos n. 混乱

352. component n. 部件

353. confess v. 坦白

354. constitute v. 构成

355. consistent a. 一致的

356. consultant n. 顾问

357. controversial a. 有争议的

358. convert v. 转变>convert the hotel into a apartment building

359. defect n. 缺陷

360. deliberate a. 故意的 =on purpose

361. depress v. 使沮丧

362. detect v. 发现

363. descend v. 下降

364. dim a. 昏暗的

365. disguise v. 化装

366. dispose of v. 去掉; 处理

367. distress n. /v. 痛苦

368. diverse a. 多样的

369. document v. 证明

370. dominate v. 支配

371. drain v. 排走;耗尽

372. discard v. 丢弃 don’t ~ the drink cans carelessly.

373. exaggerate v. 夸大

374. rival n. 对手=opponent

375. exploit v. 利用

376. external a. 外在的

377. extinguish v. 熄灭

378. feasible a. 可行的

379. fertile a. 肥沃的

380. flourish v. 茂盛, 繁荣

381. fragment n. 碎片

382. furnish v. 提供,配置=provide>he furnished me with a lot of useful information.

383. genuine a. 真的

384. grope v. 摸索

385. harbor v. 心怀

386. harmony n. 和谐

387. hollow a. 空的, 中空的

388. hostile a. 敌视的

389. illusion n. 幻想

390. imaginary a. 虚构的

391. ignite v. 点燃

392. impetus n. 推动

393. immune a. 免疫的

394. incentive n. 刺激

395. indulge v. 沉溺于 ~ oneself in

396. induce v. 引起; 诱导

397. ingredient n. 配料 the ~s of pizza

398. initiative n. 主动性 > you should take the ~.

399. intimate a. 亲密的

400. intervene v.干预

401. liable to a. 易于 = be apt to/be prone to

402. liberal a. 自由的

403. linger v. 继续逗留;留恋>they lingered in the beautiful town.

404. mature a. 成熟的

405. moderate a. 适度的 ~ physical exercises

406. motivate v. .激励 a desire to pass band 6 ~s her to work hard.

407. multiply v. 繁殖

408. overall a. 总体的 an ~ impression

409. perceive v. 感知

410. prevail over v . 胜过

411. prime n. 壮年 he died in the ~ of his life.

412. priority n. 优先权 give ~ to

413. prominent a. 突出的, 杰出的=distinguished

414. prone to a. 易于

415. prosperity n. 繁荣

416. reckless a. 卤莽的

417. relevant a. 有关的

418. remedy n. 治疗法

419. resistant a. 抵抗的

420. respective a. 分别的

421. resume v. 重新开始

422. scandal n. 丑闻

423. scatter v. .驱散

424. sentiment n. 感情

425. severe a. 严重的 ~ wound

426. shield v. 保护

427. simultaneously a. 同时地

428. sole a. 唯一的

429. sponsor n. 赞助者

430. startle v. 惊吓

431. stray v. 走失

432. substantial a. 可观的,大量的=considerable> a substantial income

433. sufficient a. 充分的

434. supplement v./n. 补充>he ~ed his income by taking a part time job.

435. testify v. 作证[page]

436. trigger v. 引发 ~ a debate/war

437. swing v. 摇摆

438. universal a. 普遍的

439. utilize v. 利用

440. variation n. 变动> the ~ in temperature

441. virtually ad. 实际上

442. wretched a. 难过的

443. flexible a. 灵活的 the dancer’s body is very ~.

444. facet n. 侧面 a ~ of american life

445. endeavor v. /n. 努力

446. elaborate a. 精心的

447. crude a. 未加工的 ~ oil

448. preach v. 说教

449. strive v. 力求 ~ for freedom

450. punctual a. 守时的>he is a ~ man.

451. harness v. 治理 ~ a river

452. integrity n. 诚实;完整

453. submit to v. 屈服=yield to

454. launch v. 发起

455. striking a. 显著的

456. instinct n. 本能

457. maintenance n. 保养

458. scrape v. 刮,擦

459. sensible a. 合情理的

460. eliminate v. 去除

461. propel v. 推动

462. pledge n. 保证

463. label n. 标签

464. justify v. 使…有正当理由

465. initiate v. 创始

466. stereotype n. 陈规,固定的看法

467. identify…with v. 使等同

468. convey v. 传达

469. collapse v. 坍塌

470. affection n. 喜爱

471. yield v. 结出

472. promising a. 有希望的

473. publicity n. 公众的注意

474. hazard n. 危险

475. forge v. 伪造 ~ a famous painter’s signature

476. concession n. 让步

477. submerge v. 淹没

478. imperative a. 必要的

479. elapse v. 逝去

480. confine v. 限制

481. thrive v. 繁荣=prosper

482. resort to v. 诉诸于

483. sustain v. 维持=support

484. highlight v. 使突出 n. 最精彩的部分

485. massive a. 大量的; 大而重的

486. mask v. 掩饰

487. restore v. 恢复

488. restraint n. 约束

489. scope n. 范围

490. seemingly ad. 表面上

491. speculate v. 猜测

492. steep a. 陡的

493. summon v. 唤起 how can i ~ up his courage?

494. shift v. 移动;转变 ~ responsibility on to others

495. transient a. 短暂的

496. prompt a. 迅速的

497. impart v. 传授

498. embody v. 体现

499. confront v. 面对

推荐中考英语必考词汇 篇5

52. circulation n. 循环; 发行(量)>Reader has the largest ~ in China.

53. climax n. 高潮 the ~ of the play

54. cling to v. 紧紧抓住, 依恋;坚持,墨守>The baby clung to his mother./ ~ ....

55. coincidence n. 巧合

56. collaboration n. 合作 in ~ with 57. collide v. 相撞; 冲突 The two opinions ~ with each other.

58. commence v. 开始

59. commute v. 乘车上下班 >I have to ~ between the university town and the downtown area.

60. compact a. 紧凑的, 结实的 a ~ car/office

61. compatible a. 相容的; 兼容的>That husband and wife are very ~.

62. compensate v. 赔偿 >The insurance company ~d the man for his injuries.

63. compile v. 汇编, 编辑 ~ a encyclopedia

64. complement v. 补充,与。。。相配 The music ~s the film well.

65. compliment v. /n. 赞美

66. comply with v. 遵从

67. compulsory a. 必做的 ~ education

68. conceive of v. 构想 I can’t ~ of why he did such a stupid thing!

69. confidential a. 机密的

70. conform to v. 遵守 ~ to the local customs

71. consensus n. 意见一致> If everyone consents to something, they reach a consensus.

72. consequent a. (作为后果) 随之发生的 lack of electricity and the ~ loss in economy

73. conserve v. 保护, If you conserve something, you use it carefully and will not waste it. >In winter some people ~ energy by lowering the heat at night.

74. consolidate v. 巩固

75. conspicuous a. 显眼的 The girl in red in the snow field is very ~.76. contaminate v. 污染 If you ~ something, you make it dirty.

77. contemplate v. 沉思; 凝视 >You must ~ the results of the action.

78. contempt n. 轻视 >Before , Williams held the little known player in contempt.

79. contend v. 主张=assert > The lawyer contends that the man is guilty.

80. contradict v. 相矛盾

81. contrive v. 谋划, 图谋>The terrorists ~d to hijack a plane.

82. converge v. 会合, 聚集 (meet at a common point) The two rivers converge here.

83. cordial a. 热情的

84. corrupt a./v. 腐败的; 腐蚀 ~ officials

85. cozy a. 舒适的 a ~ bedroom

86. counterpart n. 对应的人或物

87. criterion n. 标准 =standard

88. curb v. 控制, 约束=restrain /restrict/> I my curbed my appetite for food.

89. cynical a. 愤世嫉俗的> a ~ young man is a angry young man

90. dazzle v. 眩目;使赞叹不已> The sunlight dazzles me./ Her dance ~d me.

91. deduce v. 推断

92. dedicate v. 献给

93. defendant n. 被告

94. deficiency n. 缺乏, 不足 a vitamin ~ in his diet

95. defy v.(公然) 违抗 The union defied the management and went on a strike.

96. degenerate v. 退化 97. degrade v. 降低身份

98. deprive v. 剥夺 You ~d him of his right to privacy.

99. descendant n. 后代

100. destiny n. 命运=fate

推荐中考英语必考词汇 篇6

——背记500个考过20次以上词汇

(二)1)address somebody: “对某人说话,发言”。

2)adopt: 动词有“收养”的意思。

3)afford: 用法非常灵活,总的来讲表示“承担不起”,后面可以接表示金钱,时间或者情感的词汇。

4)cannot afford to: 解释为“if you cannot afford to do something, you must not do

5)it because it could cause serious problems for you”,所以这个词组的中文应当理解为“不应当,一定不要做”。

6)agent: 目前的含义主要指“行政职能机构”,比如美国的很多国家机构都叫agency,另外在生物化学领域,这个词翻译成“介质,载体”,而在计算机英语中则是“服务器”。

7)agree with: “使人或者身体的某个部分觉得舒适”。

8)agreeable: “惬意,令人愉快,恰倒好处”。

9)agreement: 在阅读文章时通常是“一致的意见”这个含义。

10)air: 名词有“气氛”的含义,动词则表示“公开表达或发表”。

11)in the air: 表示“悬而未决,仍在酝酿中”。

12)allow somebody to do something: 可以翻译成“让/ 使得某个人去做某件事”。

13)alone: 有时和“only”是同一个意思,即“仅仅”,但要用在单词或句子后面。

14)ambitious: 中性词,“野心”或者“志向”的含义。

15)amount to: 在翻译或阅读考试中的含义经常会是“竟然达到…的地步,程度”。

16)anchor: 动词有“固定,安定”的含义,如果在新闻界做名词用,则表示“新闻播音员”。

17)appeal to somebody: “吸引某个人的注意力”appeal to court: 法律用语:上诉。

18)appearance: 中文含义为“状况,现象”。

推荐中考英语必考词汇 篇7

He can hardly understand you. 他几乎不能明白你的话。

【拓展】hardly放在句首时,句子要倒装。eg:

Hardly had I sat down when someone knocked at the door. 我刚坐下就有人敲门。

【友情提示】如果一个句子含有no, hardly, never, scarcely, little, few等否定意义的词,反意疑问句要用肯定的疑问形式。

【词组搭配】hardly…when… 刚……就…… (=no sooner…than) (hardly后谓语动词要用过去完成时)

【考点精练】

1. After a long walk, little Jim was hungry and tired. He could ____ walk any farther.A. suddenlyB. hardly C. luckily D. mostly

2. There is hardly a cloud in the sky, ____?

A. is itB. isn’t itC. is thereD. isn’t there

Ⅱ. ever adv.

⑴曾经 eg:

Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经到过北京吗?

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

⑵究竟,到底(用于特殊疑问句中,以加强语气) eg:

Which ever do you want? 你究竟要哪一个?

【友情提示】ever多用于一般疑问句、否定句和条件及比较状语从句中,相当于at any time eg:

If you ever happen to come to this town, be sure to stay with us.

如你有机会来本城,一定得呆在咱们这儿。

【词组搭配】⑴ever since从……起一直到现在 eg:

He has been like this ever since last night. 从昨晚起他就像这个样子了。

⑵for ever永远 eg:

We’ll remember Premier Zhou for ever. 我们永远怀念周总理。

【考点精练】

1. “How was your trip?” “Great. It was the most interesting tour I had ____ had.”

A. neverB. ever C. hardlyD. always

2. I have known him ____ he was a child.

A. forB. ever sinceC. whenD. once

Ⅲ. about adv. & prep.

1)adv. (1)大约;左右 eg:

John works in a factory about ten kilometres from his home.

约翰在离他家约10 公里的一家工厂工作。

In 1620, about half the U.S.A. was covered by forests.

在1620年,美国大约有一半的地方被森林所覆盖。

(2)周围;到处;在附近 eg:

The little boy ran about looking for his mother. 这小男孩跑来跑去在找他妈妈。

Don’t drop cigarette ashes about. 不要乱弹烟灰。

2)prep. (1)关于 eg:

Robert asked me about the weather in China.

罗伯特向我询问中国的天气情况。

Excuse me, have you got any books about the moon and the stars?

打扰一下,你们这儿有关于月球和星星方面的书吗?

(2)在……周围;在……身边 eg:

They stood all about the teacher as she sat. 当老师坐下时,他们都站在她的周围。

Ampere had no paper about him. 安培身上没带纸。

【词组搭配】(1)be about to do正要做;即将做 eg:

He was about to start when it began to rain. 他正要出发,突然下起雨来。

(2)look about四周环顾 eg:

Look about and tell me what you see? 向周围看看,告诉我你看到了什么?

【常用句型】What/How about…? ……怎么样? ……好吗?(用于询问消息,提供建议或征询意见) eg:

What about those shoes over there? 那边的那些鞋子怎么样?

How about playing chess? 下棋怎么样?

【词义辨析】about, on与of的区别:

about常用于比较一般和随便的场合,表示“关于某人或某事的详情”,常与tell, talk, speak, hear, write, think, read等词连用。eg:

He talked about the book. 他谈到了那本书的情况。

on多用于较严肃的或有关学术讨论的场合,也表示“关于某人或某事的详情”,常与talk, speak, report, lecture等词连用。eg:

He spoke on the present situation of the world. 他论述了当今世界的形势。

of常与tell, talk, speak, hear等词连用,表示“提及”、“提到”。eg:

He talked of that student. 他提到了那个学生。

【考点精练】

1. “It’s Sunday tomorrow. What about ____ a film, Xiao Zhang?” “That’s a good idea. I’ll be glad to.”

A. go to seeB. seeingC. watchingD. looking at

2. “Would you like to tell me something ____ yourself?” “Yes, I’d love to.”

A. to B. on C. about D. for

Ⅳ. health n. [U] 健康,卫生 eg:

Fresh air and exercise are good for the health. 新鲜空气和运动有利于健康。

Health is better than wealth. 健康胜于财富。

Health is more important to most people than money. 对大多数人来说健康比金钱更重要。

【拓展】healthy adj. 健康的,对健康有益的

【词组搭配】be in good health身体健康(反义词in poor/bad health身体不健康) eg:

My Grandpa is still in good health. 我爷爷身体仍然很健康。

【考点精练】

1. “I think drinking milk is good ____ our health.” “Yes. I agree ____ you.”

A. for; withB. to; toC. with; to D. at; with

2. I think everyone should keep ____.

A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. Both A and B

Ⅴ. advice n.

(1)advice意为“劝告”、“建议”,是不可数名词,不能说an advice, many/a few advices。若表示“一条建议”,则用a piece of advice; “两条建议”为two pieces of advice; “一些建议”为some advice。

(2)当advice表示“有关……的建议”时,由介词接名词、代词或介词接疑问代词、副词引导的不定式构成。eg:

Our teacher usually gives us some good advice on the study of maths.

老师就数学学习常给我们提些好的建议。

Let’s ask for her advice on what to do next.

让我们就下一步该怎么做征求一下她的意见吧。

【拓展】advice的动词形式是advise, 意为“建议”、“劝告”。指用道理劝告,使人改正错误或接受意见,至于对方是否接受,则不明确。其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。eg:

He advised going slowly. 他建议走慢点。

I advised waiting until six o’clock. 我建议一直等到六点钟。

【词组搭配】与advice搭配构成的短语有:ask…for advice “(向)……征求建议”,give advice“提出忠告”,take/follow one’s advice “接受/采纳(他人的)忠告/建议”。eg:

I’ll ask my teacher for advice when I have difficulty in doing something.

每当我做事遇到困难时,我就向老师寻求建议。

What good advice can you give to your friends? 你能向你的朋友提出哪些明智的建议?

【考点精练】

1. The boy asked Mr Black for ____ advice on his further English studies.

A. aB. anC. someD. any

解析:advice是不可数名词,不能用a、an修饰,肯定句中用some,在否定句中要把some变成any。

2. 用所给词的适当形式填空:

Students come to my office and tell me their problems. My job is to listen to them and give practical ____ when it’s needed. (advise)

解析:advice 题中应用advise的名词形式,advice是不可数名词,故用原形。give advice意为“提出/给出建议”。

Ⅵ. so adv. & conj.

so既可用作副词,又可用作连词,表示“这样”、“如此”、“因此”、“所以”等意思。现将其用法简述如下:

(1)so作副词用,意为“这样”、“如此”,常用来代替整个句子或某一情况的全部内容,在口语中常与think, hope, say, be, afraid等词语连用,表示客气、委婉的答语。eg:

“I think English is more useful than Chinese. What about you?” “I don’t think so. I think they are both useful.” “我认为英语比汉语更有用,你说呢?” “我不这样想,我认为它们都有用。”

“Will it be fine tomorrow?” “I hope so.” “明天天气会好吗?” “但愿如此。”

(2)so作连词用,意为“因而”、“所以”、“为了”、“以便”等。eg:

Wang Tao’s pen was broken, so he needed a new one.

王涛的钢笔坏了,所以他需要支新的。

注意:用英语表达“因为……,所以……”时,用了because就不能再用so,用了so就不能再用because。请注意下面汉语句子的英语译法:

因为他病了,所以没去上学。

误:Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

正:Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

正:He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

(3)so用作副词,在句子中可以修饰形容词或副词。

so表示程度,意为“这么”、“那么”、“如此地”。 eg:

When he came back, I was so tired. 当他回来的时候,我疲劳极了。

so常用于口语,意为“非常”、“很”。 eg:

——I found it in my bag five minutes ago. 五分钟前我在我的包里找到了它。

——I’m so glad. 我很高兴。

【拓展】在“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”的倒装结构中,表示前面所述的肯定情况也适合于后者。eg:

I’m good at English, and so is my sister. 我英语学得好,我妹妹学得也好。

I like English and so does she. 我喜欢英语,她也喜欢。

We can speak Chinese, so can Kate. 我们会讲汉语,凯特也会。

注意:这一结构中的主语可以是名词也可以是人称代词,但它和上文的主语不是同一个“人”或“物”。eg:

“She bought a computer.” “So did I.” “她买了一台电脑。” “我也买了一台。”

另外,这一结构的否定式是“neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”。eg:

——He doesn’t know Lin Tao’s address. 他不知道林涛的地址。

——Neither do I. 我也不知道。

这里的neither/nor意为“也不”或“也没有”。

(4)在“so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”结构中,so用于对前面事实的肯定,有“的确如此”之意。eg:

——He will go to Hangzhou for a holiday tomorrow. 他明天要去杭州度假。

——So he will. 的确如此。

注意:这一结构中的主语和上文中的主语通常是同一个“人”或“物”。eg:

“It’s her turn now.” “So it is!” “现在轮到她了。” “是呀!”

(5)在“主语+do(动词某种形式)+so”结构中,so用以避免重复前文提到的情况。eg:

The teacher asked us to read the text and we did so. 老师让我们读这篇课文,我们就读了。

【考点精练】

1. ——There has been no rains for months. Will it rain soon?

——____. The flowers in the garden are in great need of water.

A. Good ideaB. No problemC. I hope so D. I don’t think so

解析:前句意为“已经几个月没有下雨了。最近会下雨吗?”答语意为“____。花园里的花十分需要水。”故可知空白处是要表达想要下雨的愿望。故选C。

2. ——Excuse me, is this seat taken?

——____. That man got his books and left a few minutes ago.

A. I’m afraid soB. I don’t think soC. I don’t knowD. I hope not

解析:由空后“那个人几分钟前拿着书走了。”可知,回答应是“这个座位没被占。”故用I don’t think so,其中so表示this seat is taken。

Ⅶ. moment n.

moment的意思是“片段”、“瞬间”,用作可数名词时,其前可用不定冠词a、定冠词the、基数词one等来说明动作的短暂。其具体用法如下:

1)与不定冠词a或基数词one连用,构成祈使句,表示“请求对方作一短暂等候”的意思。eg:

Just a moment, please. 请稍等一会儿。

One moment, please. 请等一会儿。

2)与不定冠词a一起构成短语,置于动词之后,作状语。eg:

Wait a moment, please. 请稍候。

【词组搭配】moment常与介词at, for或副词ago, later等构成固定短语,作时间状语。

⑴at the moment 意为“此刻”、“现在”,相当于时间副词now,常用来说明目前的状态及正在发生的动作。eg:

What is the most popular song at the moment? 目前最流行的歌曲是什么?

I’m afraid he’s out at the moment. 恐怕他现在出去了。

⑵at that moment意为“在那时”、“在那一瞬间”、“其时”,相当于at that time,表示过去某一特定的时刻发生的动作,常用于一般过去时。eg:

At that moment Lucy came into the classroom. 在那时,露西走进了教室。

Just at that moment, the door opened and in came Mr. Smith.

正在那时,门开了,史密斯先生走了进来。

⑶at any moment意为“任何时候”、“随时”,相当于at any time, 指说话这一时刻之后的任何时候,常用于一般现在时或一般将来时。eg:

You may meet me at any moment. 你可以随时来见我。

He will come back at any moment. 他随时都会回来的。

⑷for a moment意为“一会儿”、“暂时”,常用在一般现在时、一般将来时或一般过去时的谓语动词之后,说明动作的延续性。eg:

Won’t you come in and stay for a moment? 你不进来呆一会儿吗?

He stood there for a moment and went in. 他在那儿站了一会儿,然后走了进去。

⑸a moment later意为“片刻之后”、“一会儿之后”,相当于after a while, 常用于一般过去时,作状语。eg:

A moment later, the Class 4 runner fell and hurt his leg, but he quickly got up and went on running. 一会儿之后,四班的赛跑运动员跌伤了腿,但他迅速爬起来,继续向前跑去。

⑹a moment ago意为“刚才”、“一会儿之前”,相当于just now, 常用于一般过去时,作状语。eg:

She was here a moment ago. 她刚才在这里。

He told me about it a moment ago. 他刚才将那件事告诉了我。

【考点精练】

1. 选出与划线部分意思相近的选项:

Henry is listening to the music now.

A. thenB. in a momentC. at the moment

解析:at the moment有“此刻,现在”的意思,与now“现在”同义;而then意为“然后,那时”;in a moment意为“立刻,马上”。

2. 根据汉语意思完成句子:

安现在不在。她半小时前去火车站了。

Ann ____ here at the moment. She ____ to the railway station half an hour ago.

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