非谓语动词的简单讲解

非谓语动词的简单讲解（共7篇）

非谓语动词的简单讲解 篇1

1. 不定式-主、表、宾、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状、同位语

2. 动名词-主、表、宾、定、同位语

3.分 词-表、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状

知识要点：

一、不定式与动名词做主语：

1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。Collecting information about children’s health is his job.

It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.

2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：

常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.

(常见形容词: difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.)

It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.

(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)

3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing sth.

It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth. It’s worth while doing sth.

二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如: be, seem, remain, appear等后面, 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc.

eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson.

有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。

Eg.) To be strict with students is to be responsible to them.

What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth.

The only thing he could do was ( to) tell the truth.

如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.

2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可互换，动名词常用于口语中。

Its full-time job is laying eggs.

3、分词做表语:

现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的, 主语多数情况是sth.

过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数是sb.

exciting, excited annoying, annoyed amazing, amazed

boring, bored confusing, confused encouraging, encouraged

embarrassing, embarrassed frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired

现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。

The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）

With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）

过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。

The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）

The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）

He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）

He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）

注意: 过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。

Eg.) He had a _________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.

The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened) voice.

三、不定式与动名词做宾语：

1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：

want, wish, hope, expect, ask, demand, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。

2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

常见动词: advise, avoid（避免）, appreciate（感激）, admit（承认）,consider(考虑), complete, delay, deny（否认）, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, miss, mind, mention, permit, practise, risk（冒险）, suggest (建议), understand, etc.

常见短语: be busy, be worth, burst out, feel like, can’t help (忍不住), can’t stand, set about, succeed in, be engaged in, persist in, insist on, be fond of, dream of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from…, set about, spend/waste…(in)

be/get used/accustomed to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, devote oneself/one’s life ( energy, effort, time) to, make contributions to, admit to, owe to,

【lead to, stick to, listen to, refer to, turn to, thanks to, owing to, due to后接名词,一般不接动名词】

3、某些动词后既可接动名词,也可接不定式.

常见动词: begin/start, continue; love, like, dislike, hate, prefer; need, want, require; forget, remember, regret; mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help

3. begin/start

三种情况下,一般接不定式做宾语:①主语是sth.;②本身用于进行时;③做宾语的动词表示情感、思想或意念时(如:like, love, understand, realize, understand, know, etc.)

A.) love, like, dislike, hate, prefer, 如表示经常性的动作, 用动名词作宾语;如表示特定或具

体的动作,多接不定式.

Eg.) I like___(play) chess during my spare time.

I like___(play) at chess with the chess master now.

B.) need, want require

eg.) He wants _____(repair) the bike for me.

The bike needs/wants/ requires______(repair).

4. forget, remember, regret

eg.) The light in the office is still on. I forgot ____ (turn) it off.

I’ll never forget ____(see) the musical comedy in New York.

Remember____( meet) me tonight.

I remember ____(take) to Beijing when I was a child.

I regret ____ (inform) you that you are dismissed.

I regret ______( not take ) his advice.

E.) mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help

Eg.) What do you mean _____ (do ) with it?

____(miss) the train means __(wait) for another two hours.

He’s been trying ____ (get) you on the phone.

Let’s try___ (knock) at the back door.

He paused and went on __ (explain) the text to us.

Go on _____(do) the other exercise after you have finished this one.

Wood is used to ___(make) paper.

He is used to _____(get) up early.

She couldn’t help_____( do ) the housework, for she was busy.

People couldn’t help____(laugh) at the foolish emperor in the procession.

4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。

The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）

The point wants referring to.

This English novel is well worth reading.

The situation in Russian required studying.

下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.

Eg.) The house is to let/to be let. 这房子待出租。

He is not to blame for everything.

四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：

1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：

动词/动词词组+宾语+to不定式:

常见动词: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, allow, permit, help, advise, persuade, cause, force, warn, invite, urge, encourage, prepare, call on, would like, wait for, etc.

eg.)I got them to join us in the discussion.

They are waiting for the school bus to come.

The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. （注suggest后不跟不定式做宾补。）

We wish him to remain and accept the post.（注hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）

动词+宾语+不带to的不定式:

常用动词: feel (一感) ; hear, listen to(二听); make, let, have(三让); see, watch, observe, notice, look at(五看) ;help (半帮助,可带to或不带to)etc. 但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to.

Eg.) I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.

比较: I saw him crossing the road. He was seen _____the road.

I saw him carried downstairs. He was seen ____ downstairs.

2、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, find, hear, feel, make, get, set, send, start, catch, have, leave, keep,等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。

We heard him ____ (sing) the song when we came in.

We have heard the song _____ (sing) in Japanese.

He watched the bed _____ (carry) out of the door.

He felt a great weight _____ (take ) off his mind. 他感到心头如释重负。

How would you like your hair ___ (cut)?

五、非谓语动词做定语：

1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。

He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do.

Our monitor is the first to arrive.

2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：

动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。

a walking stick 拐杖（动名词， a stick for walking）

a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词， a car for sleeping）

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词）

the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词）

3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。

a piece of disappointing news =a piece of news which disappointed us）

in the following years =in the years that followed）

a well dressed woman =a woman who is dressed well）

a car parked at the gate =a car which was parked at the gate）

六、不定式与分词做状语：

1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：

He hurried home only to find his money stolen.（结果状语）

To make himself heard, he raised his voice.（目的状语）

All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. (原因状语)

2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式、结果：

Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.（条件状语）

Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. (原因状语)

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.（伴随状语）

动名词的复合结构:

① 物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词(作主语、宾语、表语)

② 代词宾格或名词普通格+ 动名词(作宾语、表语)

Eg.) My father’s being ill worried us greatly.=That my father was ill worried us greatly.

His not being present at the party annoyed the hostess.

It’s no use your pretending that you didn’t know the truth.

What angered me most was the students failing to fulfill their duties.

I think the problem is their/them not having enough time.

注意: 若动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的东西,只用普通格:

eg.) The experiment can’t be carried out because of the equipment being out of order.

The news of the new hotel catching fire shocked everyone.= The news that the new hotel caught fire shocked everyone.

The noises of the boxes being opened and closed could be heard.

存在句的非限定形式

存在句的非限定形式是there to和there being结构。这两种结构在用法上有相同点。为便于比较，我们把它们放在一起介绍。

1） 作介词补足成分

两种结构都可作介词补足成分。如果介词是for，便只能用there to be结构。

Eg.) It is too early for there to be anyone around here.

It is important for there to be a fire escape.

也能用在不及物动词+for之后:

They planned for there to be another meeting.

如果介词不是for, 则要用 there being结构。

Eg.) John was relying on there being another opportunity.

2） 作宾语

作宾语时, 通常用there to be结构。

Eg.) Members like there to be plenty of choice.

能这样用的及物动词为数有限,常见的有expect, mean, intend, want, like, prefer, hate等。

3） 作主语和状语

there being结构还能用作主语和状语。

Eg.) There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.

There having been no rain, the ground was dry.

存在句的限定形式与非限定形式之间可以相互转换。

For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual.

(=It was unusual for there to be so few people in the streets.)

有时限定形式与非限定形式还可以结合使用。

Eg.) It is said that there are troops on the frontier. =There are said to be troops on the frontier.

关系代词的省略:

1. This is the fastest train there is to Beijing.

2. He asks for the latest book there is on the shelf.

3. ---- What did the football player you were talking to want?

非谓语动词的简单讲解 篇2

具体来说, 总体词汇分为实词和虚词, 实词包括名词、动词、形容词和副词;虚词则含连词、介词、冠词、代词、关系代词、关系副词等。语法填空可能考到的考点还有词性转换、习惯用语和特殊句型。考生一定要先对各种词性在句中所能充当的成分有所了解。要做到掌握用法, 熟练运用和准确定位;对于动词考点, 考生要根据句子结构判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。确定是谓语动词的考点后, 还要明确语态时态;如果是非谓语动词的考点则需要根据实际情况确定是考不定式、过去分词还是动词-ing形式。

自2007年广东高考出现语法填空这一新题型以来, 动词是每一年的语法填空的重要考点:2007年考过2道;2008年考过2道;2009年出现3道;2010年出现2道, 这些都是和动词有关的考点。

一、就四年来广东高考英语卷语法填空动词的考点情况做些具体分析

2007年广东卷高考语法填空题, 其中含第31小题动词考点的句子The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poor village.31【答案】broke, 【解析】考查谓语动词, 时态为过去式。是一个含有when引导的状语从句的主从复合句, 主句The sun was setting是一个完整的主系表结构的句子, 状语从句中, 主语是my car, near a remote and poor village形容词短语做地点状语, 得知本句缺少谓语动词。确定所需词是谓语动词之后再根据主句的时态was确定从句的动词为过去式。break down是不及物动词短语, 车抛锚应为my car broke down.要正确作对这个语法题必须知道一下几点: (1) 要知道break down一词的意思; (2) 要明确它是及物还是不及物动词; (3) 还要知道when引导的状语从句句式结构。

而含有第34小题动词settle考点的句子While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometresaway there was a garage.34【答案】settled, 【解析】考查非谓语动词, get...done的固定结构。由while一词可知它引导的是一个语义与主句语义转折的状语从句。单从这个句子成分分析可以看出句子主语是she, 谓语是表示进行时态的was getting.本句话关键是一个习惯表达:get sb./sth done.意为请别人做某事。这句话原意应为正当她 (那位老太太) 叫人把我安顿在一间狭小, 但很洁净的房间时, 村里的领导正把我的车绑在他的马车上, 拖去一个20英里外的有修车厂的一个镇子。此处settle为非谓语, 因为句子已经有谓语结构, 即was getting.

2008年广东卷高考语法填空, 含有动词考点的句型分析:

For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.32【答案】to help, 【解析】考查非谓语动词, 不定式做目的状语。

Being too anxious to help an event develop often (result) in the contrary to our intention.40【答案】results, 【解析】考查动词时态, 一般现在时三单加-s.being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语做句子主语, 所给词result在句子里做谓语动词, 时态为一般现在时, 需加s为第三人称单数。

2009年广东卷高考语法填空, 其中含有动词考点的句型有:

She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother, who was alwaysdelighted with perfume.32.【答案】to please。【解析】在形容词后作状语, 只能用动词不定式eg:John is easy to gt on with.等。

people stepped on your feet or (push) you with their elbows (肘部) , hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.34.【答案】pushed。【解析】由并列连词or可知push在句中作谓语, 且与stepped并列, 也用一般过去时。

“Your father has at last decided to stop smokin g, ”Jane (inform) .40.【答案】was informed。【解析】因Jane是主语, inform在本句中作谓语, Jane与inform是被动关系, 又是一般过去时。

2010年广东卷高考语法填空, 含有动词考点的题:

After a four-day journey, the young man (present) the water to the old man.33【答案】presented.【解析】从句子结构判断本句是一个简单句, After a fourday journey, 是时间状语, the young man是句子主语, the water是名词短语, to the old man是介词短语。本句有主语宾语, 2个名词短语之间缺少谓语动词。根据句义可翻译为年轻人把找来的水递 (呈现) 给年长者, 可知本句为主动语态。本文是一篇夹叙夹议的除最后一段议论部分时态是一般现在时外, 前几段的叙事部分都是过去时, 所以本题答案确定为presented.

He spit it out, (say) it was awful.37【答案】saying【解析】本句he spit it out, 是一个简单句与37题间没有并列连词连接, 所以能判断出37题应该选择非谓语动词。句子的主语he和所给选择词say之间应该是主动关系, 故答案为saying, 现在分词作状语。他把发臭的水吐了出来, 说水的味道太恶心。

从近四年高考语法填空的考试方向可知动词的考点是考察的重点语法项目之一, 考生要做对此考点的题目必须对含有动词考点的句子进行成分分析, 或是从篇章结构先判断是考察谓语动词还是非谓语考点, 大方向明确后再根据谓语动词与非谓语动词的不同情况具体分析。

二、平时学生们的语法填空题中动词考点的答题情况所暴露的问题

1. 忽略时态的前后照应, 不能根据明显的时间状语的提示判断句子的主要时态。

2. 忽略语态。与谓语动词的考点联系最紧密的即时态语态, 因为平时少用到被动语态, 所以在答题时常常没有语态概念。

3. 忽略整体句型, 断章取义, 不能根据句子成分来判断所需填词在句中的功能。

4. 忽略句子结构, 不管是并列谓语、并列句还是单句用非谓语句型。

5. 忽略词性转换, 对一些常见词项的形态掌握不牢固, 比如动词的第三人称变形, 过去式, 过去分词的变形以及动词-ing形式的变形。即便是最常考的一些不规则动词的过去式过去分词, 也没有把握牢固。

三、针对以上的问题, 应采取的措施

1. 强化简单句的训练, 针对学生不了解, 分析不清句子结构这一特点, 老师应该加强基本句型的学习, 帮学生理清句子主干。

2. 加强学生对各种动词的形式以及作用认识:一个动词有很多形式, 以make一词为例, 它就有

动词原型make

第三人称单数makes

现在分词形式making

过去式made

过去分词made

在以上几种形式中, 能在句中充当谓语的有动词的原型, 第三人称单数及过去式, 而be+动词的ing形式构成进行时态的谓语, 以及助动词havehashad+动词的过去分词构成现在完成时和过去完成时的谓语。其余单独的动词的过去分词和现在分词形式不能够在句子中作谓语, 只能担任定, 状, 补或表语等功能。下面用一些例句说明以上问题。

(1) Lily makes her own clothes.

(2) Can you made yourself understood in Russian?

(3) My children often make me laugh.

(4) Jo hn has made a fortune on the stock market since 1980.

(5) Mrs.Smith was making coffee when the bell rang.

以上前三个句子中的makes, made及make都做谓语动词。其中例句 (4) 中的谓语动词是助动词have+过去分词made, 例句 (5) 中的谓语动词是连系动词was+making

又如:

(6) I keep making the same mistakes.

(7) He tried to make a good impression on the interviewer.

(8) Cars made in Japan are quite popular.

(9) My dream is to make more progress.

例句 (6) 中的making和例句 (7) 中的to make一词分别在句中做宾语。例句 (8) 中的made一词在句中做定语。例句 (9) 中to make一词在句中充当表语。

3. 巩固常见不规则动词过去式和过去分词的正确拼写。由于学生对一些常考的不规则动词的过去式及过去分词的拼写把握不够准确, 平时不在意, 考时写不出, 久而久之就会产生急躁情绪。我们老师在平时要注意帮学生总结且要长期反复加强记忆。如:buy, break, bring, catch, choose, drive, eat, fall, feel, forget, hear, held, go, know, make, pay, rise, stand, speak, teach, think, win, 等等。其中2007年高考语法填空中第31题就是对不规则动词break进行了考查。

总之, 学生只要了解每一个动词的不同形式在句中能充当的成分并能正确拼写出相应的单词, 就能在做语法填空有关动词考点时, 做到胸有成竹。这需要长期不懈地坚持。

摘要：根据普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (广东卷) 的题型特点, 语法填空是广东省自行设计的一种新题型。从2007年至2010年四年高考语法填空题中不难看出, 动词的考点占较大比重。本文就语法填空题中的学生对动词 (谓语动词和非谓语动词) 题时常出现的错误做进一步剖析。

关键词：广东高考英语,非谓语动词,动词的不定式,动词的过去分词,不规则动词

参考文献

[1]全日制高级中学.《英语教学大纲》..1999年.

[2]《普通高中英语课程标准》 (实验) (一) 《中小学外语教学》.2003.

[3]《普通高等学校招生考试广东高考考试说明》.2009年.

[4]《大学英语课程教学要求》 (试行) :21st.Century January1.2004.

[5]普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (广东卷) 英语2007、2008、2009及2010年语法填空试题.

[6]《张道真语法》.

假考非谓语动词、实考谓语动词 篇3

非谓语动词是高考英语中的必考重点内容，同学们在平时的练习中也做了大量的非谓语动词练习，久而久之，同学们容易滋生思维定势，把一些实际上是考查谓语动词的试题也误选为非谓语动词。下面笔者把高考试题中容易误选为非谓语动词但实考谓语动词的类型做个小结，以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。

类型一：祈使句中的谓语动词

祈使句是省略了主语的一类句子。认清祈使句也是破解选择谓语的重要手段之一。因此，一定要掌握标志性的连词and，or，otherwise及破折号、逗号和冒号的功能。

例1.Mary，______ here—everybody else，stay where you are.(2006全国卷I)

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

解析：从后面的破折号可知，破折号前后是并列分句。Mary之后有逗号，可见不是主语，而是呼语。第一分句是带上了呼语的祈使句，故用动词原形作谓语。答案为A。

例2.There are 8 tips in Dr.Rogers lecture on sleep，and one of them：______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.(2004 重庆卷)

A.doesnt go B.not to go

C.not going D.dont go

解析：从句中连词and及标点符号冒号可知，空格处为祈使句。如果此句不是冒号，而是is，则答案为非谓语动词作表语。本题正确答案为D。

类型二：并列句中谓语动词

一个句中通常不能出现两个(或以上)的谓语动词，但是如果句中有连词and，or，but，so等，则可以有并列谓语。

例3： At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and______ down to eat our picnic lunch.

(2005上海卷)

A.sitting B.having sat

C.to sit D.sat

解析：答案选 D。由句中的 and 可知，此句为并列结构，空格处填 sat，与其前的谓语动词 found 并列。

例4.______ straight on and youll see a church.You wont miss it.(2004 湖北卷)

A.Go B.Going

C.If you go D.When going

解析：从句中“and youll see”的暗示可知，前一分句为祈使句，答案选A。

类型三：对话答语中省略主语的谓语动词

在会话中，答语者往往为了突出要表达的主要词语而常常会省略次要的或与前面重复的词语。有一部分考题正是以对话形式出现，在答语中设置空缺。其解题方法是：把答语带入到问语中，如果是对问语的某一部分进行回答或是整个答语的某一部分，则用非谓语动词；而如果根据语境另外出现了一个新句子，只是省略了主语的则要用谓语动词。

例5.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

—______good.(2006 湖北卷)

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

解析：根据语境，答语应该是：It (that we can go skiing on the weekend) sounds good，这是一个省略了主语的答语，应选谓语动词。答案选D。

例6.—What should I do with this passage?

—______the main idea of each paragraph.(2005 重庆卷)

A.Finding out B.Found out

C.Find out D.To find out

解析：答案选 C。此题是 You should find out ...的省略。

类型四：句中带有插入语的谓语动词

该类题的设题特点是主语和谓语之间插入其他成分或句子来迷惑考生而误选非谓语动词。

例7.The country life he was used to____greatly since 1992.(2005 山东卷)

A.change B.has changed

C.changing D.have changed

解析：此题容易受插入的定语从句的影响而误选C，但是仔细分析句子结构后可知此题是(that) he was used to作定语，修饰先行词The country life。而主句缺谓语，所以该排除选项C。又因为时间状语since 1992可知时态该用现在完成时；再加上主语是The country life，所以本题正确答案为B。

例8.Professor Smith，along with his assistants，______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.(2005 上海卷)

A.work B.working

C.is working D.are working

解析：通过分析句子的成分可知along with his assistant为插入语。本题缺少谓语动词，所以先排除非谓语动词选项B。 又从题意“他们正日以继日的工作”可知时态该用现在进行时；又因为主语是Professor Smith，所以答案C为正确选项。

【巩固练习】

1.______ the website of the Fire Department in your city，and you will learn a lot about firefighting.

A.Having searched B.To search

C.Searching D.Search

2.______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A.Give B.To give

C.Giving D.Given

3.To test eggs，______ them in a bowl of water： if they float，theyre bad；if they sink，theyre good.

A.put B.putting

C.to put D.to be putting

4.Ive never seen anyone run so fast—______David go.

A.just watch

B.just to watch

C.just watching

D.just having watched

5.Stanley，______ hello to your nephew.

A.come and say B.comes and says

C.to come and say D.coming and saying

6.Dont stand out there in the cold—______in here and get warm.

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

7.Before you send the letter，______ with Bill to see if the address is right.

A.check B.to check

C.checking D.checked

8.If they dont understand it the first time， ______over it again until they do.

A.go B.to go

C.going D.to be going

9.If youre going on a long car journey， ______sure the vehicles are in good condition.

A.making B.to make

C.make D.having made

10.______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

A.Put B.Putting

C.To put D.To be putting

11.______ the road along and youll find his house on the right.

A.Follow B.Following

C.To be following D.Having followed

12.Hoping he would not be seen，Bob rushed in，______ his book and rushed out.

A.picking up B.pick up

C.to pick up D.picked up

13.______ right away or youll miss the first train.

A.Start out B.Starting out

C.To start out D.Started out

14.______ good care of the vegetables so that they can remain fresh.

A.Take B.Taken

C.Having taken D.Taking

15.______ from the top of the building，and youll find the city more beautiful.

A.Look B.To look

C.Looking D.Looked

16.______ some of this juice—perhaps youll like it.

A.Trying B.Try

C.To try D.Having tried

17.Dont be discouraged.______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

A.Taking B.To take

C.Take D.Taken

18.______，so she had to be sent to the hospital.

A.Being ill

B.Her mother was ill

C.Her mother being ill

D.Having been ill

19.______ many times，but he still didnt understand it.

A.Having been told

B.Though he was told

C.To have been told

D.He was told

20.First______ the rice by washing it，then ______ it in boiling water.

A.prepare；cook B.preparing；cooking

C.preparing；cook D.prepare；cooking

21.She cycled too fast round the corner， ______ her balance and______ off.

A.losing；falling B.lost；fell

C.losing；fell D.lost；falling

22.She set out soon after dark______ home an hour later.

A.arriving B.to arrive

C.having arrived D.and arrived

23.______ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour，and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.

A.Driving

B.I was driving

C.Having driven

D.When I was driving

24.______ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.

A.Having given B.Given

C.To give D.Give

25.—Id like to take a weeks holiday. —______it.Were just too busy.

A.Forget B.Forgetting

C.Forgets D.Forgot

26.—Then lets have fish，beef with ____ tomatoes and a soup.OK? —______nice.

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

27.—Each of the students，working hard at ____ his or her lessons，______ to go to ____ university. —So do I.

A.hope B.hopes

C.hoping D.hoped

28.The girl______ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A.referred to looks

B.refers to looking

C.referred to looking

D.referring to look

29.—We havent heard from Jane for a long ____time. —What do you suppose______ to her?

A.was happening B.to happen

C.has happened D.having happened

30.The day we had looked forward to______ at last.

A.coming B.come

C.came D.comes

参考答案：

1-5 DAAAA 6-10 AAACA

11-15 ADAAA 16-20 BCBDA

非谓语动词的简单讲解 篇4

高中英语课件一短文改错专题讲座过去分词的用法1 及物动词的过去分词作表语与句子主语是被动关系表示主语的状态既表示被动又表示完成1 The cup is broken 茶杯破了2 不及物动词的过去分词作表语与句子主语是主动关系表示主语的状态只表示动作的完成2 He is retired 他已退休3 有些过去分词作表语时构成的谓语很接近被动结构3 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains 这座城市三面环山注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语主要是表示主语的状态而被动语态则表示动作1 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的是被动语态表示动作2 The library is now closed 图书馆关门了过去分词作表语注意过去分词表示被动或完成-ing 形式表示主动或进行有些动词如interest bore worry surprise frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人用-ing 形式来修饰物3 The book is interesting and Im interested in it 这本书很有趣我对它很感兴趣过去分词作定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词及物动词的过去分词作定语既表被动又表完成不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成1 过去分词用作定语如果是单个的常置于其所修饰的名词之前We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况2 过去分词短语用作定语时一般置于其所修饰的名词之后其意义相当于一个定语从句但较从句简洁多用于书面语中The concert given by their friends was a success他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功3 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语前后常有逗号1The meeting attended by over five thousand people welcomed the great hero 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会到会的有五千多人4 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关2 The boy looked up with a pleased expression 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视过去分词作状语1 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作1 Written in a hurry this article was not so good 因为写得匆忙这篇文章不是很好注意written 为过去分词作状语表示这篇文章是被写的而且已经被写值得注意的是有些过去分词因来源于系表结构作状语时不表被动而表主动这样的过去分词及短语常见的有lost 迷路seated 坐hidden 躲stationed 驻扎lost absorbed in 沉溺于born 出身于dressed in 穿着tired of 厌烦2 Lost Absorbed in deep thought he didnt hear the sound因为沉溺于思考之中所以他没听到那个声音2 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语此时应注意人称一致1 Given another hour I can also work out this problem 再给我一个小时我也能解这道题given 为过去分词作状语它的逻辑主语为主句主语I 即I 被再给一个小时2 Seen from the top of the hill the city looks more beautiful to us 从山顶看城市城市显得更漂亮seen 为过去分词作状语表被看由语境可知它的逻辑主语必须是城市而不是我们因为我们应主动看城市注意如果过去分词作状语时前面再加逻辑主语主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构1 The signal given the bus started 信号一发出汽车就开动了the signal 是given 的逻辑主语因此主句主语the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语2 Her head held high she went by 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去her head 是held high 的逻辑主语因此主句主语she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语3 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句1 Caught in a heavy rain he was all wet 因为淋了一场大雨所以他全身湿透了caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain 2 Grown in rich soil these seeds can grow fast 如果种在肥沃的土壤里这些种子能长得很快 grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语它来源于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil 注意状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词构成连词＋过去分词结构作状语When given a medical examination you should keep calm 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定4 过去分词作状语的位置过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语后面有逗号与主句隔开也可放在主句后面前面有逗号与主句隔开He stood there silently moved to tears Moved to tears he stood there silently 他静静地站在那里被感动得热泪盈眶过去分词作宾语补足语一能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类1 表示感觉或心理状态的动词如see watch observe look at hear listen to feel notice think等1 I heard the song sung in English 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard2 He found his hometown greatly changed 他发现他的家乡变化很大过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found2 表示致使意义的动词如have make get keep leave等1 Ill have my hair cut tomorrow 明天我要理发2 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday 他昨天把牙拔了3 Dont leave those things undone 要把那些事情做完注意过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系二使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况1 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成1 He had his money stolen他的钱给偷了被别人偷去了2 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历如2 He had his leg broken他的腿断了自己的经历2 Whats the language ___ in Germany A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak 简析 该题应选B测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动等于定语从句which is spoken4 The computer centre ___ last year is very popular among the students in this school A open B opening C having opened D opened 简析 该题应选D测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后可以用非限制性定语从句which was opened last year代替5 The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century A having written B to be written C being written D written 简析 该题应选D测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动等于定语从句which were written例 The murderer was brought in with his hands ___ behind his back A being tied B having tied C to be tied D tied 简析 很显然待选部分的逻辑主语是his hands而不是句子的主语The murderer而his hands 对于动词tie来说只能是被动承受因此该题应选DLinda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company ______ as 3M A knowing B known C being known D to be known 2 The disc digitally ________ in the studio sounded fantastic at the party that night A recorded B recording C to be recorded D having recorded 3 Dont use words expressions or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge A being known B having been known C to be known D known 4 The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature A to smell B smelling C smelt D to be smelt Exercises 1 _____ black and blue the lady couldnt move A Beaten B Beating C To be beaten D To beat 3 The teacher walked to lab _____ A followed by his students B his students followed C and followed by his students D both A and B 4 When _______ into the warm room ice soon changes into water A heating and taking B heated and taking C heating or taken D heated or taken 7 She was sad because of ___ any chance left A there being not B there not being C not there being D there was not 8 Dont use words expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge 上海2002 A being known B having been known C to be known D known 1 5 ____ these pictures I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from the top of a thirty-stored building Beijing looks more magnificent A Seeing seen B Seen seeing C Seeing seeing D Seen seen 1 7 Unless __ to speak you should remain silent at the conference A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited 18 When __ the museum will be open to the public next year A completed B completing C being completed D to be completed 1 9 ___ in 1636 Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States A Being found B It was founded C Founded D Founding 英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况1表示被动含义的主1系动词taste sound look smell feel Your reason sounds reasonableGood medicine tastes bitter to the mouth

2一些与cant 或wont wouldnt 连用的动词常用的有 lock shut open act 等 The door wont wouldnt open

It cant wouldnt move 3 sell wash

英语非谓语动词 篇5

英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：

doing , done , to do , doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：

现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被动式）

不定式

to do : 有to be done（被动式）;to have done（完成式）;to be doing（进行式）

动名词

doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被动式）;

非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一．

动词不定式

先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult.2． His wish is to be a driver.3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5．I have nothing to say.6．They went to see their aunt.7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next.9．I heard them make a noise.说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：

1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2． 带to 还是不带to

I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）

3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’s necessary for you to study hard.It’s foolish of him to do it.与of 连用的形容词有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important.而说We think it important to obey the laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系：

He has a lot of meeting to attend.Please lend me something to write with.He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in.He has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on foot.There is no time to think(about).2）主谓关系：

She is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(逻辑主语是I)-------Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now

(逻辑主语不是I)7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1）原因

He is lucky to get here on time.这种结构中常用的形容词有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious.lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2)目的

He came to help me with my maths.3)结果

I hurried to get there only to find him out.The book is too hard for the boy to read.He is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now.能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词

Learning English is very difficult.学英语非常困难。

His job is driving a bus.他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country.我已经习惯了住农村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构：

1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.2．It’s no use talking with him.It’s no good speaking to them like that.3．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：

1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do …

有意要做某事 mean doing …

意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …

尽力去做某事 try doing

试着做某事 learn to do …

学着去做某事 learn doing …

学会做某事

stop to do …

停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing …

停止做某事 go on to do …

接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事 used to do …

过去做某事 be used to doing …习惯做某事

2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达

n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who)be doing的含义 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词

又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy.4．动名词的语态和时态

5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如： This room needs painting.这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit.practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分词 The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。2.This is a moving film.这是一部动人的电影。

3.The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。4.Given more time , I’ll do it well.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：

1．现在分词与过去分词的区别

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging.They got very excited.1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is interesting.He is interested in he news t.doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。2）表语与被动式的区别：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（强调动作）

The blackboard is broken.You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别

The situation in our country is encouraging.(表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby.(动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging.What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四种结构：

have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词： seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair.I was seated on the chair.6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。Having finished the homework , I went home.（时间）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（条件）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴随）

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（结果）7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别

a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(将来)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum.（正在进行）The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.（过去）9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：

分词与句子主语的逻辑关系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(错误)Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正确）

Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系 练习

I.单项选择

1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting

2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A.Having being told B.Though had been told C.He was told D.Having told

3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.testing C.to rest D.rest 4.The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying

5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult.A.to make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6.The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 7.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----Well , now I regret ____________that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 9._______ a reply , he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard

Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying II.用动词的正确形式填空

1.Little Tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this evening.2.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).He always works hard.3.The computer centre , ______(open)last year , is very popular among the students in this school.4.Go on _____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.5.How about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： I 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II 1.to be taken;2.to learn;3.opened;4.to do;5.taking

非谓语动词练习: 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had time

B.having time

C.to have time

D.to having time 2.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit

B.admitted

C.admitting

D.to admit 3.In order to gain a bigger share in the International market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more competitive.A.to make

B.making

C.to have made

D.having made 4.When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed

B.completing

C.being completed

D.to be completed 5.Having a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see

B.to be seen

C.seeing

D.seen 6.The manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing

B.known

C.to know

D.being known 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing

B.having seen

C.to have seen

D.to see 8.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.A.the thief having caught

B.catch the thief

C.the thief being caught

D.the thief to be caught 9.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a passenger.A.put

B.to be putting

C.to put

D.putting 10.Victor apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the plan.A.his being not able

B.him not to be able

C.his not being able

D.him to be not able 11.Suddenly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared

B.seized;disappeared

C.seizing;disappearing

D.seized;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait

B.Have waited

C.Having waited

D.To have waited 13.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run

B.running

C.being run

D.to run 14.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing

B.being caused

C.to be caused

D.to have caused 15.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty nature.A.to smell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.to be smelt 16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big bills coming.A.forget

B.forgot

C.forgetting

D.to forget 17.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already left.A.to tell

B.to be told

C.telling

D.told 18.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.A.pass

B.to pass

C.passed

D.passing 19.You were silly not ________ your car.A.to lock

B.to have locked

C.locking

D.having locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to his boss for advice.A.To face

B.Having faced

C.Faced

D.Facing 22.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused

B.to have caused

C.to cause

D.having caused 23.Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A.doctors came to their rescue

B.the tall building collapsed

C.an emergency measure was taken

D.warnings were given to the tourists 24.-----English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

-----Yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to communicate and read.A.Know

B.Knowing

C.To know

D.Known 25.While watching TV, ________.A.the doorbell rang

B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring

D.we heard the doorbell rings 26.It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had

B.Having had

C.Have

D.Having 27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise _________.A.going on

B.goes on

C.went on

D.to go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound

B.to be sounded

C.sounding

D.to have sounded 29.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sitting

B.having sat

C.to sit

D.sat 30.I really can’t understand _________ her like that.A.you treat

B.you to treat

C.why treat

D.your treating 31.The bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight yesterday.A.being robbed

B.having been robbed

C.to have been robbed

D.robbed 32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A.To grow

B.Growing

C.Grown

D.Grow 33.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completed

B.is completed

C.to be completed

D.completed 34.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong again.A.it repaired

B.to be repaired

C.repair

D.repaired 35.No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day.A.there being

B.there be

C.there would be

D.there was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone else.A.share

B.to share

C.sharing

D.to have shared 37.Taking this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side effect.A.continue

B having continued

C.continuing

D.continued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl was educated

B.The girl educated

C.The girl’s educating

D.The girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _________ his mistakes.A.Scolding;correcting

B.Being scolded;correct

C.Being scolded;correcting

D.Having been scolded;correct 40.Joe stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ again.A.to smoking

B.to smoke

C.smoking

D.smoke 41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by US soldiers.A.caught

B.catching

C.to be caught

D.to catch 42.-----What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?

-----I lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things worse, it began to pour.A.making

B.to make

C.having made

D.made 43.------Did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?

------I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the power.A.to have mentioned;were

B.to have;are

C.mentioning;have been

D.to have been mentioned;had been 44.With no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.A.run

B.running

C.to run

D.to be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any more.A.Given;blame

B.Considered;say

C.To regard;scold

D.Considering;speak 46.The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other stars.A.have been found

B.have found

C.to be found

D.found 47.The bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ 16.A.sweeps;killed

B.swept;killing

C.sweeping;to kill

D.sweeping;killing 48.The speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A.being concerned

B.be concerned

C.concerned

D.concerning 49.Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A.no to want anyone

B.wanted no one

C.not wanting anyone

D.to want no one 50.A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 people.A.having been injured

B.having injured

C.injuring

D.injured 51.-----What’s matter with Tim?

------Oh.Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.A.to find

B.to be found

C.finding

D.being found 52.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the offer.A.not finishing

B.had not been finished

C.not having finished

D.not being finished 53.Though ___________ nature resources, the area is well developed.A.lacked

B.lacking of

C.lacking

D.lacked in 54.What worried me most was ________to go abroad alone.A.my not allowing

B.having not allowed

C.my being not allowed

D.my not being allowed 55.My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in boxes.A.to put

B.putting

C.having put

D.being put

Answer: 1-5 BAAAB

6-10 ADCDC

11-15 DCBCB

16-20 ABDBD

21-25CDBAC

26-30 DAADD

31-35CBCDA

36-40 ADDAA

41-45ABBBA

非谓语动词考点透视 篇6

一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别

英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而谓语是动词性的。如果对句子成分划分不清, 把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病, 关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如:

The children (play) _______the violin over there will go on the stage next week.

根据句子结构, 我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children, 谓语部分是will go on the stage, 动词play显然在句中不作谓语, 应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行, 可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children, 意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”, 因而正确答案为playing。

二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析

作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析, 即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同, 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语;现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语, 两者不同之处在于:现在分词作状语时, 现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作, 即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语, 它们之间的关系是主动关系, 而过去分词作状语时, 虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语, 但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作, 它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题:

_______tired of Tom′s all-talk-noaction attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.

A) To get

B) To have got

C) Getting

D) Have got

一般来说, 在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此, 首先可以确定这是一个简单句, 非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系, 以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生, 没有明显的先后顺序, 可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语, 即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”, 故正确答案为C。

三、考查非谓语动词否定形式的表达

非谓语动词的否定形式一般是通过在非谓语动词之前直接加not构成。例如:

_______how to deal with the trouble of the computer, Martin had to ask his brother for help.

A) Not know

B) Not known

C) Not to know

D) Not knowing

根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动逻辑意义, 可以判断这是由现在分词一般式充当的原因状语, 只不过此处需用否定形式, 因而正确答案为D。

四、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨

非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语, 但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么, 两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系, 特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道, 当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候, 一般来说, 它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语, 那么, 当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时, 又会出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题:

The last bus (go) _______, we had to walk home.

这个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语, 而是有它自己的逻辑主语, 即“是末班车开走了, 而不是我们走了”, 这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系, 正确答案为having gone。

五、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握

非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语, 但它仍然具有动词的特征, 即可以有自己的主语 (逻辑主语) , 也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下, 如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式 (侧重强调动作正在进行) , 如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生, 就用非谓语动词的完成式 (特别强调动作发生的先后) 。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如:

_______that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.

A) Heard

B) Having heard

C) Hear

D) To hear

依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系, 以及前后句的逻辑关系, 可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语, 再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在谓语动词“来”之前, 由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式 (只用作状语时使用) , 意为“听说Bob已得到提升, 他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”, 故正确答案为B。

六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断

非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况, 这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为, 以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间, 即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说, 用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中, 如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中, 就用现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成;用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作, 如果是被动行为, 就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。例如:

The boy (cry) _______over there is my younger brother.

依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行, 所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy, 因而正确答案为crying。

七、考查谓语动词后接动词不定式与动名词作宾语的明辨

谓语动词后应该接动词不定式还是动名词作宾语?既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语时, 结构和意思上有何差别?动词不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?一般来说, 动名词往往表示动作已发生 (表示过去) , 而动词不定式往往表示动作还未发生 (表示将来或现在) 。例如:

It cost her a lot of money, but she doesn′t regret _______a year traveling around the world.

A) to have spent

B) to spend

C) spent

D) spending

根据结构, 可以看出spend在此处作动词regret的宾语, 从本句意义出发, 依据时间上的差异, 我们知道“花一年时间周游世界”这个动作发生在过去, 所以应该接动名词作宾语, 故正确答案为D。

八、考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语的选择

作宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制, 不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。一般说来, 感官动词 (see, look, watch, hear, feel等) 和使役动词 (have, make, let, leave, get等) 后可以接不带to的动词不定式 (必须省to) 、现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语往往表示一般性行为且动作已经完成, 动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 现在分词作宾语补足语往往表示动作正在进行, 现在分词与其逻辑主语之间也是主动关系, 而过去分词作宾语补足语则表示过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。例如:

The wounded soldier had themessage straight to the army commander.

A) sent

B) to send

C) to be sent

D) being sent

非谓语动词send与其逻辑主语the message之间是被动关系, 即“信被送”, 所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语, 由此可以判断正确答案为A。

九、考查作表语的非谓语动词的区别

非谓语动词作表语的考查多侧重于分词作表语形式的区别和选择, 一般说来, 判定由现在分词还是过去分词作表语的关键是:现在分词作表语表示物所具有的特征, 而过去分词作表语表示人所处的状态。例如:

1.After seeing the film he was too (excite) _______to go to sleep that night.

2.The news that they will visit our school is (encourage) _______to us.

根据这两道题的结构, 可以判断出非谓语动词此时作表语, 第1题修饰人 (he) , 意为“他太兴奋”, 所以应该用过去分词作表语, 故正确答案为excited, 第2题修饰物 (The news) , 所以应该用现在分词作表语, 故正确答案为encouraging。

十、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变

非谓语动词 (动词不定式或动名词) 作主语主要考查其句式的转变, 习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首, 做题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题:

It is an honour for me (be) your English teacher.

根据对句式的分析, 可以判断出It是形式主语, 真正的主语由非谓语动词来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点, 我们可以断定应该填动词不定式, 即to be。

非谓语动词Ⅱ 篇7

二、不定式的被动语态

1．当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。但有时，不定式的逻辑主语在句子中不出现，只要在意义上是被动的，就用被动式。例如：

He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.他请求被派遣到乡村工作。（He 是“被派的”）

To be attacked by the enemy is a good thing, not a bad thing.

受到敌人的攻击是件好事，而不是坏事。

2．不定式的主动形式表示被动意义

（1）不定式作宾语和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。但如果为不及物动词，应用必要的介词。例如：

We found the report to read.

(We read the report.)

我们找到了一个可读的报道。

He needs a room to live in.

(He lives in a room.)

他需要一个住的房间。

（2）不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sth.。例如：

He is hard to talk to.

他很难说话。

The book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。

（３）在there+be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。例如：

There is a lot of work to do. (Somebody has to do the work.)

There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done.)

请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：

There is nothing to do.

无事可做。

There is nothing to be done.

现在没法做。

三、动名词的被动语态

１.当主语是动名词所表示的动作对象时，动名词要用被动语态，动名词的被动语态也有一般式和完成式两种，即being done…和having been done,常作主语、宾语或表语。例如：

He came in without being asked. 他没有得到请求就进来了。

I was afraid of being left at home. 我害怕被留在家里。

２.在下列情况下，动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

（１）在动词want, need, require, demand等词后，总是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“to be+过去分词”。例如：

My watch needs repairing.

我的表需要修理。

All cars require servicing regularly. 所有汽车都需要定期检修。

（２）在be worth doing句型中，动名词doing表示的是被动意义。如果接不及物动词，应有必要的介词。例如：

Ｔhis book is well worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

That picture is not worth looking at. 那幅画不值得一看。

四、分词的被动语态

１.现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作发生，就用分词完成式的被动形式。例如：

The question being discussed is important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。

Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.

被老师批评了之后，李明戒烟了。

２.过去分词表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，本身就有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式。例如：

The man was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

那个人被带进来，双手被反绑在背后。