高二英语上知识点复习（共6篇）
选修3-1
第一章静电场
1.两种电荷、电荷守恒定律、元电荷：（e＝1.60×10-19C）；带电体电荷量等于元电荷的整数倍
2.库仑定律：F＝kQ1Q2/r2（在真空中）｛F:点电荷间的作用力（N），k:静电力常量k＝9.0×109N？m2/C2，Q1、Q2:两点电荷的电量（C），r:两点电荷间的距离（m），方向在它们的连线上，作用力与反作用力，同种电荷互相排斥，异种电荷互相吸引｝
3.电场强度：E＝F/q（定义式、计算式）｛E:电场强度（N/C），是矢量（电场的叠加原理），q:检验电荷的电量（C）｝
4.真空点（源）电荷形成的电场E＝kQ/r2｛r:源电荷到该位置的距离（m），Q:源电荷的电量｝
5.匀强电场的场强E＝UAB/d｛UAB:AB两点间的电压（V），d:AB两点在场强方向的距离（m）｝
6.电场力：F＝qE｛F:电场力（N），q:受到电场力的电荷的电量（C），E:电场强度（N/C）｝
7.电势与电势差：UAB＝φA-φB，UAB＝WAB/q＝-ΔEAB/q
8.电场力做功：WAB＝qUAB＝Eqd｛WAB:带电体由A到B时电场力所做的功（J），q:带电量（C），UAB:电场中A、B两点间的电势差（V）（电场力做功与路径无关），E:匀强电场强度，d:两点沿场强方向的距离（m）｝
9.电势能：EA＝qφA｛EA:带电体在A点的电势能（J），q:电量（C），φA:A点的电势（V）｝
10.电势能的变化ΔEAB＝EB-EA｛带电体在电场中从A位置到B位置时电势能的差值｝
11.电场力做功与电势能变化ΔEAB＝-WAB＝-qUAB（电势能的增量等于电场力做功的负值）
12.电容C＝Q/U（定义式，计算式）｛C:电容（F），Q:电量（C），U:电压（两极板电势差）（V）｝
13.平行板电容器的电容C＝εS/4πkd（S:两极板正对面积，d:两极板间的垂直距离，ω：介电常数）
常见电容器〔见第二册P111〕
14.带电粒子在电场中的加速（Vo＝0）：W＝ΔEK或qU＝mVt2/2，Vt＝（2qU/m）1/2
15.带电粒子沿垂直电场方向以速度Vo进入匀强电场时的偏转（不考虑重力作用的情况下）
类平垂直电场方向：匀速直线运动L＝Vot（在带等量异种电荷的平行极板中：E＝U/d）
抛运动平行电场方向：初速度为零的匀加速直线运动d＝at2/2，a＝F/m＝qE/m
注：
（1）两个完全相同的带电金属小球接触时，电量分配规律：原带异种电荷的先中和后平分，原带同种电荷的总量平分；
（2）电场线从正电荷出发终止于负电荷，电场线不相交，切线方向为场强方向，电场线密处场强大，顺着电场线电势越来越低，电场线与等势线垂直；
（3）常见电场的电场线分布要求熟记〔见图[第二册P98]；
（4）电场强度（矢量）与电势（标量）均由电场本身决定，而电场力与电势能还与带电体带的电量多少和电荷正负有关；
（5）处于静电平衡导体是个等势体，表面是个等势面，导体外表面附近的电场线垂直于导体表面，导体内部合场强为零，导体内部没有净电荷，净电荷只分布于导体外表面；
（6）电容单位换算：1F＝106μF＝1012PF；
（7）电子伏（eV）是能量的单位，1eV＝1.60×10-19J；
（8）其它相关内容：静电屏蔽〔见第二册P101〕/示波管、示波器及其应用〔见第二册P114〕等势面〔见第二册P105〕。
第二章、恒定电流
1.电流强度：I＝q/t｛I:电流强度（A），q:在时间t内通过导体横载面的电量（C），t:时间（s）｝
2.欧姆定律：I＝U/R｛I:导体电流强度（A），U:导体两端电压（V），R:导体阻值（Ω）｝
3.电阻、电阻定律：R＝ρL/S｛ρ：电阻率（Ω？m），L:导体的长度（m），S:导体横截面积（m2）｝
4.闭合电路欧姆定律：I＝E/（r+R）或E＝Ir+IR也可以是E＝U内+U外
｛I:电路中的总电流（A），E:电源电动势（V），R:外电路电阻（Ω），r:电源内阻（Ω）｝
5.电功与电功率：W＝UIt，P＝UI｛W:电功（J），U:电压（V），I:电流（A），t:时间（s），P:电功率（W）｝
6.焦耳定律：Q＝I2Rt｛Q:电热（J），I:通过导体的电流（A），R:导体的电阻值（Ω），t:通电时间（s）｝
7.纯电阻电路中：由于I＝U/R，W＝Q，因三此W＝Q＝UIt＝I2Rt＝U2t/R
8.电源总动率、电源输出功率、电源效率：P总＝IE，P出＝IU，η＝P出/P总｛I:电路总电流（A），E:电源电动势（V），U:路端电压（V），η：电源效率｝
9.电路的串/并联串联电路（P、U与R成正比）并联电路（P、I与R成反比）
电阻关系（串同并反）R串＝R1+R2+R3+1/R并＝1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+
电流关系I总＝I1＝I2＝I3I并＝I1+I2+I3+
电压关系U总＝U1+U2+U3+U总＝U1＝U2＝U3 功率分配P总＝P1+P2+P3+P总＝P1+P2+P3+
10.欧姆表测电阻
（1）电路组成（2）测量原理
两表笔短接后，调节Ro使电表指针满偏，得
Ig＝E/（r+Rg+Ro）
接入被测电阻Rx后通过电表的电流为
Ix＝E/（r+Rg+Ro+Rx）＝E/（R中+Rx）
由于Ix与Rx对应，因此可指示被测电阻大小
（3）使用方法：机械调零、选择量程、欧姆调零、测量读数｛注意挡位（倍率）｝、拨off挡。
（4）注意：测量电阻时，要与原电路断开，选择量程使指针在中央附近，每次换挡要重新短接欧姆调零。
11.伏安法测电阻
电流表内接法：
电压表示数：U＝UR+UA
电流表外接法：
电流表示数：I＝IR+IV
Rx的测量值＝U/I＝（UA+UR）/IR＝RA+Rx>；；R真
Rx的测量值＝U/I＝UR/（IR+IV）＝RVRx/（RV+R）<；；R真
选用电路条件Rx>；；>；；RA[或Rx>；；（RARV）1/2]
选用电路条件Rx<；；<；；RV[或Rx<；；（RARV）1/2]
12.滑动变阻器在电路中的限流接法与分压接法
限流接法
电压调节范围小，电路简单，功耗小
便于调节电压的选择条件Rp>；；Rx
电压调节范围大，电路复杂，功耗较大
便于调节电压的选择条件Rp<；；Rx
注1）单位换算：1A＝103mA＝106μA；1kV＝103V＝106mA；1MΩ＝103kΩ＝106Ω
（2）各种材料的电阻率都随温度的变化而变化，金属电阻率随温度升高而增大；
（3）串联总电阻大于任何一个分电阻，并联总电阻小于任何一个分电阻；
（4）当电源有内阻时，外电路电阻增大时，总电流减小，路端电压增大；
（5）当外电路电阻等于电源电阻时，电源输出功率最大，此时的输出功率为E2/（2r）；
（6）其它相关内容：电阻率与温度的关系半导体及其应用超导及其应用〔见第二册P127〕。第三章、磁场
1.磁感应强度是用来表示磁场的强弱和方向的物理量，是矢量，单位T），1T＝1N/A？m
2.安培力F＝BIL；（注：L⊥B）{B:磁感应强度（T），F:安培力（F），I:电流强度（A），L:导线长度（m）}
3.洛仑兹力f＝qVB（注V⊥B）；质谱仪〔见第二册P155〕｛f:洛仑兹力（N），q:带电粒子电量（C），V:带电粒子速度（m/s）｝
4.在重力忽略不计（不考虑重力）的情况下，带电粒子进入磁场的运动情况（掌握两种）：
（1）带电粒子沿平行磁场方向进入磁场：不受洛仑兹力的作用，做匀速直线运动V＝V0
（2）带电粒子沿垂直磁场方向进入磁场：做匀速圆周运动，规律如下a）F向＝f洛＝mV2/r＝mω2r＝mr（2π/T）2＝qVB；r＝mV/qB；T＝2πm/qB；（b）运动周期与圆周运动的半径和线速度无关，洛仑兹力对带电粒子不做功（任何情况下）；（c）解题关键：画轨迹、找圆心、定半径、圆心角（＝二倍
弦切角）。
注：
（1）安培力和洛仑兹力的方向均可由左手定则判定，只是洛仑兹力要注意带电粒子的正负；
（2）磁感线的特点及其常见磁场的磁感线分布要掌握〔见图及第二册P144〕；（3）其它相关内容：地磁场/磁电式电表原理〔见第二册P150〕/回旋加速器〔见第二册P156〕/磁性材料
第四章、电磁感应
1.[感应电动势的大小计算公式]
1）E＝nΔΦ/Δt（普适公式）｛法拉第电磁感应定律，E:感应电动势（V），n:感应线圈匝数，ΔΦ/Δt:磁通量的变化率｝
2）E＝BLV垂（切割磁感线运动）｛L:有效长度（m）｝
3）Em＝nBSω（交流发电机最大的感应电动势）｛Em:感应电动势峰值｝
4）E＝BL2ω/2（导体一端固定以ω旋转切割）｛ω：角速度（rad/s），V:速度（m/s）｝
2.磁通量Φ＝BS{Φ：磁通量（Wb），B:匀强磁场的磁感应强度（T），S:正对面积（m2）}
3.感应电动势的正负极可利用感应电流方向判定｛电源内部的电流方向：由负极流向正极｝
4.自感电动势E自＝nΔΦ/Δt＝LΔI/Δt｛L:自感系数（H）（线圈L有铁芯比无铁芯时要大），ΔI:变化电流，？t:所用时间，ΔI/Δt:自感电流变化率（变化的快慢）｝
注：（1）感应电流的方向可用楞次定律或右手定则判定，楞次定律应用要点〔见第二册P173〕；（2）自感电流总是阻碍引起自感电动势的电流的变化；（3）单位换算：1H＝103mH＝106μH.（4）其它相关内容：自感〔见第二册P178〕/日光灯〔见第二册P180〕。
第五章、交变电流（正弦式交变电流）
1.电压瞬时值e＝Emsinωt电流瞬时值i＝Imsinωt；（ω＝2πf）
2.电动势峰值Em＝nBSω＝2BLv电流峰值（纯电阻电路中）Im＝Em/R总
3.正（余）弦式交变电流有效值：E＝Em/（2）1/2；U＝Um/（2）1/2；I＝Im/（2）1/2
4.理想变压器原副线圈中的电压与电流及功率关系
U1/U2＝n1/n2；I1/I2＝n2/n2；P入＝P出
5.在远距离输电中，采用高压输送电能可以减少电能在输电线上的损失损′＝（P/U）2R；（P损′：输电线上损失的功率，P:输送电能的总功率，U:输送电压，R:输电线电阻）〔见第二册P198〕；
6.公式1、2、3、4中物理量及单位：ω：角频率（rad/s）；t:时间（s）；n:线圈匝数；B:磁感强度（T）；
S:线圈的面积（m2）；U输出）电压（V）；I:电流强度（A）；P:功率（W）。
注：
（1）交变电流的变化频率与发电机中线圈的转动的频率相同即：ω电＝ω线，f电＝f线；
（2）发电机中，线圈在中性面位置磁通量最大，感应电动势为零，过中性面电流方向就改变；
（3）有效值是根据电流热效应定义的，没有特别说明的交流数值都指有效值；
（4）理想变压器的匝数比一定时，输出电压由输入电压决定，输入电流由输出电流决定，输入功率等于输出功率，当负载的消耗的功率增大时输入功率也增大，即P出决定P入；
（5）其它相关内容：正弦交流电图象〔见第二册P190〕/电阻、电感和电容对交变电流的作用〔见第二册P193〕。
所谓知识体系, 就是知识系统内部各个要素之间相互联系、相互作用的方式。学生掌握了知识结构, 就有助于学习技能的“迁移”, 可以在今后的学习中做到举一反三、触类旁通。这种迁移是由“悟”的迁移, 英语知识可以通过“教和学”得来, 但英语素质只有通过“悟”才能获得, “悟”是获得英语素质的关键。那么如何才能提高英语复习效率呢?
下面我就重点谈谈复习非谓语动词的看法。
首先我们必须理清这样的一个概念:非谓语动词到底是什么?顾名思义, 非谓语动词就是不能充当谓语的动词。那它到底可以充当什么成分呢?我们可以通过例句展示, 然后学生们自己总结, 再以填表格的方式, 把它简单地概括一下。
1.To see you is glad. (作主语)
I want to see you. (作宾语)
I want him to see you. (作宾补)
My hope is to see you. (作表语)
He is the man to see you. (作定语)
I went to see you. (作状语)
2.Swimming is my favourite sport. (作主语)
I like swimming. (作宾语)
I found her swimming in the river. (作宾补)
My favourite sport is swimming. (作表语)
He is the man swimming in the river just now. (作定语)
Swimming in summmer, we can get cool. (作状语)
3.The cup is broken. (作表语)
This is a broken cup. (作定语)
I found the cup broken. (作宾补)
Broken by Jim, the cup can't be used. (作状语)
这个表格可以把非谓语动词的句法功能呈现出来了, 学生做题时就会轻松许多。例如:________twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
A.Examining%B.Examined%
C.Being examined%D.Having been examined
很多学生都知道这道题需要用被动, 但他们没有注意到该句的句子成分, 所以他们多数都选B了。通过这个表格, 学生就会恍然大悟了。
另外, 掌握了这个表格, 学生在练习书面表达时就会容易很多, 而且还会避免一些小错误, 如他们就不会再像原来那样用一个动词原形去作主语来造句了。
总之, 高三是学生一生中至关重要的一年, 因此我们在高三复习过程中, 我们要把知识的个性区分开来, 并且还要把共性的东西归类, 这样学生就能逐渐地形成系统的知识体系。这些知识体系的作用不容忽视, 它最终能让学生形成解决问题的方法体系, 做到举一反三、融会贯通。这样我们和学生都可以从题海中解脱出来, 从而优化我们的复习效果, 提高复习效率!
摘要：所谓知识体系, 就是知识系统内部各个要素之间相互联系、相互作用的方式。它有助于学习技能的“迁移”。英语知识可以通过“教和学”得来, 但英语素质只有通过“悟”才能获得, “悟”是获得英语素质的关键。
Appreciate的用法(Unit 6)
【原句】If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.
如果我们学会接受变化，学会欣赏新的、不同的事物，我们就能有准备地迎接未来带给我们的一切。
【精讲】Appreciate是动词，常表示“感激，感谢”，后接名词或动名词，但不能接动词不定式，如：
We greatly appreciate your timely help. 我们非常感谢你及时的帮助。
I appreciate your making the effort to come. 我很感谢你尽力赶来。
注意：同appreciate类似，后面只能接动名词的常见动词还有advise、mind、miss、finish、consider、suggest、enjoy等。
【精练】I really appreciate ______ to relax with you on this nice island. (2004上海)
A. to have had time B. having time
C. to have timeD. to having time
【解析】B。Appreciate 和enjoy、mind、suggest等一样，后面不可以接不定式，但可以接动名词。
要点8
Break down和leave的用法(Unit 7)
【原句】AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body's immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses.
艾滋病是一种破坏人体免疫系统，使人体对感染及疾病丧失抵抗能力的疾病。
【精讲1】Break down可表示多个意思：破坏，捣碎；(机械等)出故障，损坏；(人)身体出毛病，(健康)衰弱；起化学变化。
【拓展】Break构成的常见的动词短语还有：
break away from... 从……中脱离，与……断绝关系
break in(强盗等)强行闯入，侵入；打断
break into 闯入，侵入(建筑物)
break out(火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发
break through 突破(障碍、包围等)
break up 破坏，破裂，与人分手
【精练】Dr. Frank failed many times but he finally ______ to find a successful way to solve the problem.
A. broke offB. broke up
C. broke downD. broke through
【解析】D。四个选项均为break构成的动词短语，但根据句意：“Frank医生失败了很多次，但他最后终于取得突破，找到了解决问题的办法”，选D。
【精讲2】leave + 复合宾语，表示“让……处于某种状态”，常见的有：
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
leave sth. ＋ adj. 使某事处于某一状态
leave sth. to be done 事情有待解决
leave sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事
【精练】The result of the experiment left everybody ______. The doctor could not find a cure for AIDS.
A. disappointingB. disappointed
C. satisfiedD. exciting
【解析】B。题中考查的是leave sb. ＋ adj. 的用法。首先看后面的一句“医生找不到任何一种治疗艾滋病的方法”，自然，前面提到的“the result of the experiment”不是大家期望得到的，排除C、D。A、B两项都为形容词，指事物用disappointing，表示令人失望的；指人用disappointed，题中指人，选B，“实验的结果令每个人都很失望。”
要点9
Recommend的用法(Unit 8)
【原句】Many hospitals recommend that we use the letters DRABC to remember what to do when we have to think fast.
许多医院建议我们使用DRABC这五个字母，来记住我们必须快速思考时要做的事。
(注：DRABC是Danger、Response、Airway、Breathing、Circulation这五个词的缩写。)
【精讲】Recommend作动词，意思是“劝告；建议；介绍；推荐”。作“劝告”或“建议”讲时，常构成短语：recommend doing sth./ recommend sb. to do sth./ recommend sb. sth.，如：
I recommend you to do what he says. 我劝你照他说的去做。
I recommend buying this dictionary. 我建议买这本字典。
Can you recommend him to the manager? 你能把他推荐给经理吗？
注意：类似recommend这样一些具有“命令、要求、建议”等含义的动词，如后接宾语从句，则从句的谓语动词用动词原形或“should + do/be”。常见的这类动词还有：suggest、demand、insist、order、command、advise、request、require、propose等。此外，这些动词相应的名词形式，如后接表语从句或同位语从句，从句的谓语动词也常用“(should) + do/be”来构成虚拟语气。另外，当这些词用于“It is/was + 过去分词 + 主语从句”结构中时，从句的谓语动词也常用“(should) + do/be”来构成虚拟语气，如：
People recommend that a modern hospital（should）be built. 人们建议建一所现代化的医院。
I suggest we (should) go shopping together and look for a nice pen. 我建议我们一起去逛街，找一支好钢笔。
He made a suggestion that we (should) go to the seashore for a rest. 他建议我们去海滨休息一会儿。
Unit 1
I. 翻译下列词组或句子：
1、百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水
one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration
2、着手分析明显存在的事物undertake analysis of the obvious
3、热衷于地心引力 be on fire for gravity
4、与……相似 be similar to
5、一位有前途的毕业生a promising graduate student
6、患不治之症have an incurable disease
7、放弃对未来的希望 give up hopes for the future
8、没有放弃 instead of giving up
9、继续进行他的研究 continue one’s research
10、进行演讲give lectures
11、有新的发现make new discoveries
12、另一方面on the other hand
13、证明是错误的turn out to be wrong
14、创建科学理论build a scientific theory
15、仔细观察他们感兴趣的东西observe what they are interested in carefully
16、因果the causes and effects
17、与他们所见的相吻合match what they have seen
18、预测未来的事predict future events
19、用实际的方法in a practical way
20、花光了他们所有钱use up all their money
21、对……满意be satisfied/content/ happy with
22、随着季节的变化而变化change from season to season
23、承认他的伟大recognize his greatness
24、相反地，从相反方向the other way around
25、与……定婚be (get) engaged to sb.
26、在……有天赋have a genius for …
27、梦想成为医生dream of (about) becoming a doctor
28、作为科学先驱而出名be known/famous as scientific pioneers
29、真正与众不同truly make a difference
30、达到我们的目标reach our goals
31、更加仔细地大小事物take a closer look at things both great and small
1、他是否有罪，人们有些怀疑。
There’s some doubt whether he is guilty.
2、毫无疑问伟大的科学家利用他们的创造力与想象力提出新的观点。There’s no doubt that great scientists use their creativity and imagination to come up with new ideas.
3、从事这次研究似乎没有任何意义。
There didn’t seem much point(in) working on the research.
4、事实是地球围绕太阳转，而不是太阳围绕地球转。It’s a fact that the earth moves around the sun, not the other way around.
5、不知不觉十年过去了。Ten years has gone by before I know it.
6、我们匆忙赶到那儿，不料却发现火车已走了。
We hurried there, only to find that the train had gone.
7、倘使好奇的智者们发现了新的主张和新的解决办法会怎样呢?
What if curious minds find new ideas and solutions?
Unit 2
I. 词组：
1. elect a new president选举一位新总统
2. burn down烧毁
3. more than不仅仅
4. experienced editors有经验的编辑
5. make informed decisions about…根据已了解的情况决定……
6. make sure确保;查明;确信;弄确实
7. relate to理解;涉及;与……有关
8. talented journalists才华出众的记者
9. agree to switch roles同意转换角色
10. for once就这一次
11. rather than而不是
12. keep sth. doing / done使某物处于某种状态
13. contact the person to be interviewed联络要被采访的人
14. get sb. to do sth.使/让某人做某事
15. be addicted to… / addict oneself to…沉溺于;醉心于
16. draw attention to对某事表示注意
17. on all sides / on every side在各方面;到处;四面八方
18. lead to sth. / doing sth.导致
19. fewer than 100 students不超过/少于100个学生
20. make one’s voices heard大声呼吁
21. cause trouble引起麻烦
22. fight with sb.与某人搏斗
23. leave a positive message about…就……提出建设性的意见
24. be armed with..配备着;装备着
25. suffer from…遭受……;患……病
26. change one’s mind改变注意
27. current affairs时事
28. look up to尊敬
29. fall in love with爱上
30. too much water 太多的水
31. rob sb. / some place of sth.抢某人/某地的某物
32. go up上升;上涨
33. adapt to one’s new life适应新生活
34. comment on对……作评价/评论
35. all over again再一次
36. be concerned about…关心……;担心……
37. interview sb. about sth.采访某人某事
38. nine out of ten housewives十个家庭主妇中有九个
39. steal sth. / sb. from some place偷某人的某物
40. be crowded with…挤满了……
41. the attitude toward / to…对……的态度
42. not all…并非……都……
43. focus on…集中于;把注意力集中在……上面
II.单词拼写：
1. Television can be a __________() for giving information and opinions, for amusing them, and for teaching them.
2. Is the source of the information ______________()?
3. A survey shows that guilt is _________ ()to the season.
4. One’s mind works quickly at the c__________ moment.
5. Now, many middle school students are a__________ to computer games.
6. Who’s r__________ for this terrible mess?
7. The minister’s advisers u________ her on the situation yesterday.
8. From her d_________ look, we can know she didn’t pass the exam.
9. Her face was r_________ in the mirror.
10. How can you t___________ that rude fellow?
Unit 3
单词拼写
1. You parsed your text? F______.
2. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and ______.(建筑)
3. His ______ is for coffee rather than tea.(偏爱)
4. This old French table is a very valuable piece of ______.(家具)
5. You’d better change your ______ of living.(方式)
6. I will come when ______(方便) to you.
三、词组、句型
1. preference偏爱，喜爱
in…to (prep.) 优先于，比起……来宁愿……
He always drinks red wine in preference to (=rather than) wine
Have a …for偏爱
2. be free to do sth. 随心所欲做某事，自由做某事
You are free to go or to stay.要走要留悉听尊便。
3. make a choice做出选择，抉择
make表示“做(某种举动)，实行”时，后面接一些抽象名词，构成一个动宾搭配短语
make an address 发表演说 make an explanation解释
make an attempt尝试 make a move搬家
make an effect努力 make an offer提议
make an excuse找借口 make a search搜查
4. some/certain
两者均可表示“某，某个，某种”所不同的是some用作此意时，some修饰单数的可数名词，其前不能带冠词，而certain前需带。另外，some用来指未知而非特定之事物，或者的知道而未特别指出之事物。a certain是用来指知道而不刻意指出之事物。
There must be some reason for what he’s done.
Drinking is forbidden in certain/ some countries.
5. works of art艺术作品、艺术品
work 作“(文学、艺术的)作品，著作”讲时，常用复数形式works
the complete works of Shakespeare莎士比亚全集
6. furniture家具
a piece of / an article of furniture 家具
two pieces/ articles of furniture两件家具
a set of furniture一套家具
7. prefer (preferred, preferring)(比较)喜欢，(更)喜欢，宁可，宁愿
prefer sth./ doing sth. 更喜欢……/更喜欢做……
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 喜欢……胜过喜欢……，宁愿……不愿……
prefer to do sth.宁愿干……，更喜欢干……
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. else宁愿干……而不愿干……
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿要某人干……，更喜欢某人干……
8. a traditional house with personal style有着独特风格的传统房子
style(艺术，建筑等的)样式，技巧，风格
out of style不再流地的，过时的
in style流行的，摆排场，讲气派
9. look at the Man-made living environment 关注人造生活环境
man-made复合形容词“人造的”
heart-broken心碎的
home-Made自制的
10. in the choice of materials and shape of buildings
在材料选择及建筑物的形状上
in the choice of 在选择一方面
in the shape of 在形状上，采用……的形式，扮成……(模样)
11. be covered with the skin of a fish覆盖着鱼鳞
the back of a dragon龙脊
12. full of fantastic colors and shape充满了梦幻般的色彩和形状
13. It looks as if /as though …看起来像是……
注意：a. as though=as if 好像，仿佛
b. 当as if /though 从句中的动作无法实现或客观事实相反时
从句谓语有以下三种情况：①(与现在事实相反)动词过去式 ②(与将来事实相反)could/ might/would+v.原形 ③(与过去事实相反)had done
c.在情形b中，从句的be动词一律用were
14. A is to B what C is to D. A对B的关系就像C对D的关系。
Bricks are to a house what words are to texts.
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
15. be decorated with用……装饰，点缀
16. remind sb. of sth.使某人想起/记起某事/提醒某人……
to do 提醒某人做某事
17. turn old factories into successful arts centres
把旧工厂成功变成艺术中心
18. the 1950s二十世纪五十年代
the 1920s二十世纪二十年代
(1)某结构形式是：the +年代(词尾加s或’s)the 1950s=the 1950’s
(2)某内涵是特定的十年时间，如the 1950s/1950’s指1950年到1959年这一段时间
(3)译成汉语时，要注意“世纪”的内涵
the 2090s/2090’s译成：二十一(20+1)世纪九十年代
1 have a good taste 有品位
have a taste for喜欢(=be fond of )( 区别：have a preference for偏爱)
2 a piece of furniture/equipment/information/news/advice…n(u.)
3 by design/on purpose:intentionally/deliberately 故意地
4 prefer to do/doing 更喜欢做… eg,I prefer to live/living in a modern flat.
prefer n./doing to n./doing喜欢…而不喜欢…=prefer to do rather than do宁愿…而不愿…
eg,I prefer playing outdoors to watching TV.
=I prefer to play outdoors rather than watch TV.
I would prefer it if….我愿意，我希望…
eg,I would prefer it if you didn’t smoke in front of children.我希望你不要在孩子们面前抽烟。
联想：I would appreciate it if…..如果…，我将不胜感激
eg,I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.
I hate/don’t like it when…我不喜欢…eg,I hate it when people ask me for money.
5 would rather do=prefer to do/doing would rather(that) sb did/had done…(虚拟)
eg,I would rather you told me right now.我希望你现在就告诉我。
I’d rather I hadn’t met him yesterday.我宁愿昨天没见过他。
6 can’t stand…无法忍受 eg,I can’t stand his rudeness.我无法忍受他的无礼。
eg, I can’t stand to see/seeing such a tragic sight.我不忍看到这副悲惨的景象。
stand the test of time/money 经受住时间，金钱的考验
7 go against 违背，反对 be against反对 / be for/be in favor of赞成
8 be equal to 与相等;胜任，应付 eg,I’m sure that she is quite equal to the task.
9(sth/sb)impress sb 给某人留下印象
eg,The movie impressed a lot of people. 这部电影给很多人留下印象。
She impressed me as a woman of great kindness.在我印象中，她是一位非常仁慈的女性。
be impressed with/by eg,I was deeply impressed by/with his speech.
leave/make a(deep)impression on sb eg,His speech left a deep impression on me.
10 act as 扮演，充当 act out表演出来
act on (sb’s)advice/suggestion/orders 依照某人的意见，命令办事
11 be the first/second….to do…eg,Who was the first to use e-mail?
12 despite the fact that….尽管，虽然(注意区别despite sth=in spite of sth)
13 inspire sb to do 激励某人做 feel/get inspired 受到激励;获得灵感
14 be filled(up)with=be full of 填充，充满
15 It’s convenient for sb to do…(对某人而言)做…方便
eg,When is it convenient for you to meet me?你什么时候方便见我?
(When are you convenient to meet me?×)
16 A is to B what C is to D A对于B 正如C 对于D eg,Water is to fish what air is to man.
17 inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 keep sb informed of sth
18 put up(a picture,tent) 张贴，搭建
19 succeed in doing=manage to do(反义：fail to do)成功地做到
20 pull/tear/knock down 拆毁(建筑物)
21 be decorated with 用…装饰
22 set aside 留出，拨出(钱，时间)(save or keep );把置于一边，不顾(ignore).
eg,You should set aside at least one hour to memorise words.每天抽出至少一小时记单词。
I’ve set aside some money for the journey.我为那趟旅行留了(存了)些钱。
You both should set aside personal feelings 你们双方应该抛开个人感情。
对比：put aside 搁置一旁，停下;(时间，钱)留存起来
eg,Put aside your work and have some fun.
She put aside some money for further studies.
put away 收拾起来;把钱留存起来 eg, Put your toys away.
He had put away lots of money.=set aside=put aside
23 in the neighbourhood在附近地区
二 重点句子
1 Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
2 When you look around at buidings,streets,squares and parks,you will find them designed,planned and built in different styles.
3 Both in the choice of materials and shapes of buildings, ancient architectue stands much closer to nature.
4 Looking at the architecture by Gaudi is like a dream,full of fantastic colours and shapes.
5 Despite the fact that he used traditional materials, Guadi was a modern architect.
6 F.L.W,who built an art museum in New York,found himself inspired(激发灵感) by Japanese seashells.
7 Seen from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
8 A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
9 I want you to keep me informed of how things are going with you.
10 These buildings are pulled down after having stood (=having been left) empty without use for many years.
11 Old factory buidings have many halls and workshops of different sizes.
三 语法：过去分词作宾补
例如，1 She heard her name called. 2 I’ve got the paper typed.
3 How do you like the dish cooked? 4 I had my leg broken.
Unit 4 A garden of poems
一 重点短语
1 call up唤起，回忆起;打电话 call on sb/sp拜访某人，某地
call on sb to do号召，要求某人做 call for需要 call off 取消
2 stand for代表 stand for/against支持，维护;反对
eg,Which principle do you stand for?你支持那个原则?
stand out突出，引人注目 stand by 袖手旁观;支持，拥护(某人)
eg,I’ll stand by you whatever happens. stand on one’s own feet/legs独立，自力更生
3 in the absence of sb/sth 某人不在的时候;因为缺乏…(=for lack of )
4 light up 点燃，照亮 eg, A flare lit up the night sky.火焰照亮了夜空。
Suddenly a smile lit up her face.她的脸上忽然绽放出笑容。
(sb’s face or eyes)light up(vi.) (脸上或眼中)流露出喜悦，兴奋
eg,His face lit up with joy. 他的脸上流露出欣喜之色。
5 lead to(=contribute to=give rise to =bring about)导致，促成
6 come into being形成，产生eg,Modern English came into being in the 16th century.
更多：come into+n.表进入某种状态
come into action开始行动 come into effect开始生效 come into office就职
come into /to power当权 come into force开始实施 come into use开始使用
come into fashion开始流行 come into blossom开花…
对比：come about 发生，产生eg,Tell me how the accident came about.
How did it come about that…?事情是怎样发生的?
eg,How did it come about that he dropped out of school?他为什么要辍学?
How come…?(美口语)为何会?eg,How come he dropped out of school?
How is it that…..?什么原因使得…?eg,How is it that he dropped out of school?
7 send for help去请某人帮忙
8 get through 通过，完成，度过，用完
9 in the shade 在阴凉处 pull down the window shade拉下窗帘，百叶窗(blind)
put sb/sth in the shade (idm习语)使相形失色，逊色
eg,I thought I was quite a good artist,but your painting puts mine in the shade.
我原以为自己画的不错，可比起你的画儿来未免相形见绌。
10 by the light of a candle借助烛光
11 recommend sth to sb 把…推荐给某人 recommend sb for sth推荐某人(职位，工作)
recommend doing /that…should do建议做 It’s strongly recommended that…强烈建议
12 look up words in the dictionary查字典 refer to/consult a dictionary
二 重点句子
1 Poems by Du Fu,Li Bai and Wang Wei stand out among others in the halls of glory.
2 Despite its long history,there is a lot of good English poetry around.
3 Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic Poets.(倒装句：表语提前)
(联想：Gone are the days when teachers were looked down upon.)
4 Now matter how well(=However well) a poem is translated, sth of the spirit of the original work is lost.
5 Quietly,we embrace in a world lit up by words
6 In the absence of the teacher, Fang Lan will be in charge..
7 Reading poems takes a bit of work,but it is well worth the effort.
三 语法：过去分词作状语
例如：1 Once it was translated into Chinese,the book became very popular in China.
=Once translated into Chinese,…
2 If we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.
=If givern more time,…
3 Although he was left alone at home,Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.
熟练运用20个高考基础短语
背会高考范文例句
1. to tell the truth
2. last but not least
3. on the contrary
4. that is
5. believe it or not
6. so far as I know
7. in the middle of
8. next to
9. in addition
10. in general
11. in short
12. so long as
13. to begin with
14. in case
15. whats more
16. as a matter of fact
17. on the other hand
18. as a result
19. generally speaking
20. in my opinion
写人
1. Im Wang Shan， a girl of sixteen， presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle School.
2. Im ready to give help whenever it is needed.
3. He is such a learned person that we all admire hem very much.
4. I think Im fit for the job.
写地点
1. Its a small flat of 25 square meters， with a bedroom， a bathroom and a kitchen.
2. Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain.
3. On the other side， where the playground used to be， now stands another buildingour library.
写事
1. Last night I was preparing for the coming examination when the noise from my neighbor interrupted me.
2. Hearing this， a few people began to run after him.
3. The time passed quickly. Before we knew it， we had to say goodbye to the workers.
表达理由观点或讨论结果
1. However， other students are against the idea， saying that the Beijing Zoo， built in 1906， has a history of 100 years， and is well known at home and abroad.
2. Personally， I think it a good idea for us senior 3 students to have daily exercise.
3. As we all know， a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well.
数据与图表说明
1. As is shown on Chart 2， only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.
2. Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different afterclass activities.
3. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods.
写信和写通知
1. I am writing to you about the mobile phone I bought on April 20th.
2. If there is anything I can do for you， I will be more than glad to help.
3. Thank you very much in advance.
4. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
【高二英语上知识点复习】推荐阅读：
高二英语上学期复习题05-29
高二英语会考难点知识点总结07-10
人教版高考第一轮复习高二英语：Unit 3-Unit07-10
高二上期末复习试卷一07-17
高二地理会考复习知识点10-03
高二政治重要知识复习方法07-11
高二上Unit1知识点10-19
高二的英语作文07-10
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