托福综合写作如何记笔记

托福综合写作如何记笔记（推荐8篇）

托福综合写作如何记笔记 篇1

这是整个学术类场景考题的核心和灵魂。要是这几个概念都没有听出来，即使记下再多的细节信息都没有用，因为你到头说了很多但是还是不知道自己要证明什么。整个音频播放过程中，核心概念有很多次的重复，所有考生第一次没有清楚也没有必要过分紧张。

托福综合口语笔记要点：抓结构

托福综合写作如何记笔记 篇2

The lecture apparently disproves what is argued in the reading material. According to the passage … However the professor asserts that a closer scrutiny of this argument would reveal how flimsy it is. He then presents several evidences to demonstrate his statement.

这次演讲显然反驳了阅读材料中的争论。 根据这段话……教授断言，仔细研究这个论点会发现它是多么脆弱。 然后，他提供了一些证据来证明他的陈述。

托福综合写作模板：内容第一段

To start with, the professor claims that the reading passage fails to take into account that…

Therefore, the assertion of the author seems too absolute since other possibilities could not be eliminated by any current evidence.

首先，这位教授声称阅读文章没有考虑到……

因此，作者的主张似乎太绝对了，因为任何其他现有证据都无法消除其他可能性。

托福综合写作模板：内容第二段

Furthermore, the passage assumes that…. The professor, however, suggests that this assumption may not be merited by the evidence. Say, ….. The contradiction is obvious here when … . On the basis of this point the lecture explicitly refutes the passage.

此外，本文假设……。 这位教授建议，这一假设可能不符合证据。 说，.....当...时，矛盾很明显。 基于这一点，演讲明确驳斥了这段话。

托福综合写作模板：内容第三段

Last but not the least, the passage may be right about …., but one critical fact is being left out of consideration. Pointed out by the professor, the author totally neglects the truth that… On account of above-mentioned grave mistakes, the author’s assertion turned out to be a preposterous idea.

最后但并非最不重要的一点是，该段落可能是正确的……，但其中一个关键事实被忽略了。 教授指出，作者完全忽略了以下事实：……由于上述严重错误，作者的主张被证明是荒谬的。

托福综合写作模板：结尾段

In conclusion, based on the arguments offered above, the professor clearly identifies the defects in the reading passage and forcefully shows that…

总而言之，基于上述论点，教授清楚地识别了阅读段落中的缺陷，并有力地表明……

其它阐明细节

文中至少有一个举例方式，假如真实用不到上面句型，能够用转述凑字数：In other words, that is to say, …

其他有用句型

托福综合写作备考指南 篇3

综合写作中如何还原阅读听力信息?

无论是阅读还是听力的时候都要做笔记，要注意的是理解文章和做笔记是以意群为单位，而不是单个的词，且要形成自己的笔记模式，用符号和简写记下中心词和短语以及句子结构，写作的时候根据笔记进行扩充，还原成完整的意思，还原的同时要1)尽力回忆每个细节，对号入座。这除了考察学生的听力理解，和笔记技巧，也要求拉长记忆片段。2)进行改写，不要一味进行简单地复制，而是尽可能地使用自身语言来表达，比如使用同义词，改变句子结构等。这样不但可以显示应试者对短文和讲演的理解程度，而且也展现应用英文的能力。

综合写作的提高在于勤练笔和基本功

建议考前写20篇左右的文章，素材还是以官方真题Official和机经(即往年真题)为主。另外，要从本质上提高写作素养，一定要多读原版书籍，英语毕竟不是母语，很多表达都不地道，容易写出中文式的句子，所以真正的进步是从学习中汲取的。要注意的是，读原著的时候不再只是以读完和理解大意为目的，而是用鉴赏的眼光阅读。这样才能学以致用。

托福写作语法之将来进行时

1. 将来进行时的基本用法。表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。如：

Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。

When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 当我到家时，我太太可能正在看电视。

2. 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作

I will be seeing you next week. 我下个星期来看你。

I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将度假了。

We shall be going to London next week. 下周我们要去伦敦。

3. 将来进行时表示委婉语气

有时用将来进行时可使语气更委婉。如：

Will you be having some tea? 喝点茶吧。

Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗?

托福写作：高分句型举例

第一， 定语从句。

这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。

Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.

→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.

第二， 状语从句。

在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。

1. 原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导。

Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.

尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。

2. 让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long 和as not with standing引导

Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导。

Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.

假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。

4. 时间状语从句：常由when和while引导

Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

5. 目的状语从句: 常由so that和in order that引导

Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

第三， 宾语从句。

Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.

一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。

Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

第四， 同位语从句。

Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.

环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。

Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

第五，主语从句。

Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.

值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。

Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.

众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一

第六，强调句。It is + 被强调的内容 + that

Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.

托福综合写作备考容易被忽略 篇4

托综合写作备考要点二 题材

综合写作题材涉及地理类、动物学、考古学、天文学以及植物学等。在官方真题Official1-48的练习当中，考古和动物题材高达20篇，可见其重要性。因为在生活中不常见，而且大多偏学术性，专业词汇比较多，这给考生造成了巨大的困难。如果考生不了解这些题材涉及的单词和背景，在理解阅读和听力时就会有很大的障碍。因此要在平时多加积累，这不仅有利于理解，更适合为托福阅读做好准备。

托综合写作备考要点三 写作态度客观

综合写作的一个要点就是写作中不能带有自己的主观看法和观点，主要目的是反馈读到听到的事实信息。当然大家也不能只去写阅读或听力中的内容，要写出听力中的信息是如何与阅读中的信息联系起来的，比如阅读内容和听力内容有哪些不同之处。两者如果是矛盾的那么有哪些矛盾等等。总而言之尊重事实是第一目标，整合内容是基本要求。

托综合写作备考要点四 阅读和听力结合

托福综合写作如何记笔记 篇5

范文：

It happens that we may carelessly ignore some people’s feeling and suddenly realize how important they are in our life after we lose them. To prevent it from happening, people adopt different strategies, even including keeping distance. In fact, a better way to understand and improve relationship with important people in life is to spend more time with them.

Admittedly, by keeping distance with people we believe we have strong ties with, we will make clear how the life is with their absence. Living a life without them, we may fail to perform well and start to make mistakes. The feeling of strong emotional attachment proves they are indispensable. For instance, the end of friendship with an old friend will help us realize without him, we have no one to have a drink together on Friday night. However, in this way, when we finally realize the significance of relationship, we may already do harm to it and it may be too late for us to make up.

In fact, by keeping distance, we lack necessary communication that is important for us to better understand each other and consolidate mutual trust. As social animals, we have to deal with various complicated relationship with people around us, including family members and friends. It seems difficult to distinguish who is more essential. Without sharing of thoughts and experiences, we can hardly know whether we have same attitudes towards life, social events, interpersonal relationship, etc.The similarity between us is usually the foundation of a long-term relationship. For example, only through communication can an optimism person find people around them possessing positive attitudes towards troubles, and he needs their encouragement and inspiration.

In addition, the absence in life of people we believe important, especially their critical moments, is usually considered by them as disrespect and indifference. This is surely baneful for the relationship. In fact, to strengthen ties with people we care about, we ought to spare more time to accompany them. No matter what people we care about are experiencing, they need accompany from trustworthy ones, such as sharing of their happiness, supporting of their decision, and comforting of their failure. The time spent on accompanying is the most valuable investment one can make and the most precious gift one can give. For instance, to show up in friend’s birthday party, graduation ceremony or promotion party is more important than sending expensive presents.

To sum up, to keep distance or to leave far away is definitely not the right choice for us to understand people we care about. Actually, it is more advisable for us to communicate and to accompany.

Some people believe that spending time away from the people we care about helps us improve our relationships with them, because being away from these people makes us realize how important they are to us. Other people believe that to improve our relationships with people we care about, we should spend as much time with them as possible, because spending time apart can damage or harm a relationship. Which view do you agree with, and why?

这一次的考题，重复8月21日的题目

作者:Cindy

托福综合写作如何记笔记 篇6

话题分类

社会科学。

考题回忆

1-总论点

Whitehead was the first person who had invented the airplane in 1901, which was 2 years earlier than Wright Brothers.

2-阅读部分

All these three evidence are not true.

(1) The lacking of photographs can’t indicate that Whitehead had invented the Airplane in 1901. Actually, drawings was the most popular way appearing on the newspaper. The news may be made up by some reporter to publish an eye-catching event, therefore it was unreliable.

(2) The design of the plane was unreasonable because it had just one single-level wings, and it could not fly at that time.

(3) Whitehead sold the engine which was designed by himself to many aircraft builders, who couldn’t manufactured an airplane successfully. Thus the author thought the engine of the airplane couldn’t function well.

3-听力部分

Refute each point raised in reading part separately.

These evidence are more stronger than we thought.

(1) Because of the limit of the technology, most of the news press adopted drawings instead of photos. Because the experiment of flying was in the early morning, With dim light and the fast moving of the plane, it was difficult to capture enough high quality photographs.

(2) In the modern time, some scientists completely copy the design of Whitehead, which indicates that this kind of design is able to work well.

(3) It is true that those aircraft builders couldn’t invented the airplane successfully, but Whitehead should not be to blame for it. Since there was the limit of technology and lack of knowledge, it was normal not being able to create the plane. Furthermore, it could proved the good quality of the engine that so many people buying it.

解题思路

总写阅读材料和听力材料的主题与关系。

用听力材料中的内容一一反驳阅读材料中的观点。

如何提高托福写作 这些最常见的语法错误不能有

自从托福机考开始在全世界普及之后，托福写作部分也随之引入了电子考官(e-rater)进行写作评分。电子考官相较于普通考官，在托福写作的语法评分上表现得尤为苛刻。也正因如此，同学们在准备托福独立写作的时候，语法部分千万不能掉以轻心。

虽然很多同学的语法知识还算扎实，但在长期的教学和作文批改中，我发现同学们在应用过程中，常犯的语法错误还是挺多。其中最为普遍的就是以下句子里出现的错误。讲解之前，希望大家可以拿出纸笔，先自己试着改改。

1.A movie that inspires deep emotions.

2.I studied all night for the midterm, I’m sure I got an A.

3.Me and my brother are majoring in sports management.

4.Collecting seashells are my hobby.

5.Printed books are limited in space, however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.

6.There are many people prefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

7.A doctor’s salary is higher than a teacher.

8.Education for kid can be very costly.

找到它们的错误了吗?改好后，我们来看看答案，看看自己做得怎么样吧!

(注意：以下只给出了一种改正方法，但实际上可以有多种修正方式。理解错误原因是关键。)

1.A movie that inspires deep emotions.

2.I studied all night for the midterm, so I’m sure I got an A.

3.My brother and I are majoring in sports management.

4.Collecting seashellsismy hobby.

5.Printed books are limited in space; however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.

6.There are many people who prefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

7.A doctor’s salary is higher than a teacher’s.

8.Education for kids can be very costly.

对完答案，感觉怎么样?这个小练习我在课堂也经常做，通常来说，全部做对的同学较少，总有几句会有点问题。如果你全找对了，那你的语法功底很不错，恭喜你!如果没有，也不用灰心，这些问题都是可以改正的。只要你在意识到问题后，练习中自己多加注意并总结，就会有进步。

那说到底，这些句子的具体问题到底是什么呢?不用着急，接下来我们逐句分析。

01 Sentence Fragments

Sentence fragments，句子缺成分，就是指一个句子没有完整，通常来说，可能会缺失主语、谓语、宾语，有时也可能缺失从句或主句等等。

错误：A movie that inspires deep emotions.

这个句子本质上是缺失了谓语和宾语，去掉枝叶留主干，我们会发现这个句子只剩下A movie这一个主语，而没有其他构成句子所必需的谓语。补充完整可以是，A movie that inspires deep emotions seems good.

当然，也可以把that去掉，避免从句的结构，这样句子也是完整的，比如A movie inspires deep emotions.

托福写作中，同学们在短句中一般不会出现这样的错误，但是在写较长的句子，比如复合句等，有时因为添加太多修饰成分，会忘记主句并没有写完，导致出错。这点需要引起注意。

02 Run-on Sentences

Run-on Sentences，中文没有特别合适的翻译，指的就是两个或多个独立完整的句子，直接用逗号连接在一起，没有添加连词或者使用合适的标点符号。有时也被叫做comma splice。

这类错误在批改的学生习作中很常出现，也是较为严重的语法错误，希望同学们引起重视。

错误：I studied all night for the midterm, I’m sure I got an A.

这句话就是一个典型的run-on sentence。逗号前后都是完整独立的句子，用我们中文翻译就是“我所有的夜晚都在为期中考试学习，我很确定我得了A。”翻译看起来似乎完全没有问题，这是因为中文的语法没有太多对句间连接的规则，可以用逗号去连接所有的句子，这也是为什么会有“一逗到底”这样的写法出现。但在英文中，标点符号有它们明确的功能性，而句子不能仅用逗号去连接，“一逗到底”这种写法也是万万使不得的。

通常一个run-on的句子，我们有以下五种方法去改正：

a.把逗号换成句号。

I studied all night for the midterm.I’m sure I got an A.

b.用连词(常见连词FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)去连接。

I studied all night for the midterm, soI’m sure I got an A.

c.把逗号换成分号。

I studied all night for the midterm;I’m sure I got an A.

d.逗号换分号之后，再加连接副词(however, therefore, etc.)

I studied all night for the midterm; therefore,I’m sure I got an A.

e.把其中一句变成从句，改成复合句。

BecauseI studied all night for the midterm, I’m sure I got an A.

03 Pronouns

代词因为可以替代前面出现的名词，大大简化句子，避免重复以及增强连贯性，因而很推荐学生们在文中使用。但代词的正确使用，也是同学们在托福中较常出现的问题。

错误：Me and my brother are majoring in sports management.

这句话中，Me作为“我”的代词，使用错误。一个代词的正确使用，首先需要注意它在句子中的作什么成分，主语?宾语?确定之后，再用相应的格式。

在错误句子中，“我”是做主语，所以应该换成I，而我们在讨论有其他人存在时，要先说其他人，所以正确的表达是My brother and I are majoring in sports management.

一句题外话，有同学可能会问，这里为什么是are不是am?很好的问题。这就是主谓一致的问题，可以补充下：当主语是用and连接的两者，那么谓语动词用复数形式。

04 Subject-Verb Agreement

主谓一致性。每句话中都会有主语和谓语动词，和中文不一样的是，在英语表达中，谓语动词是必须随着主语的变化而随之变化的。

一般同学们在这部分问题不大(复数主语的动词不加s，第三人称单数的动词需要加s)，但有些情况同学们容易搞混，比如前面给出的错误句子。

错误：Collecting seashells are my hobby.

这里需要注意的是，动名词(gerunds)即-ing，做主语，谓语动词通常是单数形式。

Colleting seashells is my hobby.

Writing letters is no longer necessary.

主谓一致这个话题其实除了动名词以外，还有很多细节和不同情况可说，但受篇幅所限，这里就不再展开。

05 Transitional Adverb

连接副词，也是在写作中很青睐的逻辑连接词，比如however, therefore, nevertheless, moreover, thus, hence 等等，都是非常好用，也能增加连贯性的词汇。但在使用中，同学们有时会把它们当做连词(conjunction)去直接连接两个句子，实际上，它们都是副词(transitional adverb)，在使用中需要和分号或者句号来使用。

错误：Printed books are limited in space, however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.

通过前面的讲解，所以上面这个错误很明显，就是however和逗号连用，本质上成了我们第二点所提到的run-on sentence，那么改法就和第二点里说到的五种方法一样了。最简单的，就是把中间的逗号改成分号，即Printed books are limited in space; however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.

06 There be

There be句式是同学们常用的一个句式，但在使用中需要注意的是，there be这里面已经包含了动词be，所以在后面继续添加动词时，需要使用从句，或者改成非谓语动词。

错误：There are many people prefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

比如这句里面，prefer就是这句的第二个动词，应该进行改动。

正确：There are many people whoprefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

正确：There are many people preferringto wear clothes made of natural fibers.

07 Comparison

比较对象一致性，这点也是在写作中比较常遇到的问题。因为托福写作通常会有二者比较，甚至三者比较，那么同学们在写作中，进行两者的优缺点比较的时候，尤其要注意自己是否做到了比较对象的一致。

错误：A doctor’s salary is higher than a teacher.

这个句子就是错将“医生的工资”和“老师”进行比较，正确的应该是“医生的工资”和“老师的工资”进行比较。即应该是：A doctor’s salary is higher than a teacher’s.

08 Countable Nouns

在英文中，需要注意区分的是名词的可数和不可数性。可数名词在使用中，如果是泛指(这在托福写作中尤其常用，当你想说明一个普遍的道理时，通常都会泛指引出)，那么注意需要在此类名词前加不定冠词(如a/an)等，如果刚好不是指某一个，而是指一个群体，那么注意，需要用复数形式。这即是我们常说的“可数名词不裸奔”规则。

错误：Education for kid can be very costly.

这句话中kid就是可数名词，因为这里是说明“孩子的教育可能会很贵”，孩子在这只是泛指，因此kid应该改成kids，即正确的句子应该是：Education for kids can be very costly.

当然，这里所列举的语法错误，只是同学们较为普遍的错误，受篇幅和时间所限，只讲解了很小一部分，但这些错误认真理解后，基本能解决大家一大半的语法问题。同学们可以比对自己平时练习的作文，进行自我修正。每次记录、总结自己常犯的语法错误类型，在第二次练习时争取不犯，这样使自己的表达越来越精准。若想精益求精，系统学习语法也不失为一个好方法。

托福写作字数和分数到底有怎样的关系

托福写作词数写的越多，得分就会越高?这话对不对呢?为什么很多托福考生在考场上洋洋洒洒写了五六百词，写作分数却并不高?为什么托福写作词数写得多有的人就能得高分，有的人却得了低分呢?托福写作字数和分数之间到底存在着一种什么样的关系呢?新东方网托福频道在此和大家分享和合肥新东方李盛老师的这篇托福写作字数与分数之间的关系。

首先，我们先来看看托福写作“the longer, the better”这种说法的合理之处。

托福考试的写作部分是由Human rater(真人评分)和E-rater共同评分，最终取加权平均值。Human rater非常看重文章内容的充实，也就是考生是否能够在相应的段落中给出合理且清晰的理由、例证和细节把问题表述清楚。这样一来，如果中间发展段只有寥寥几笔，考生肯定不能把问题讲清楚，从而在Development这个维度上就达不到考试的要求。而E-rater虽然读不懂考生文章的内容，却能够通过the length of discourse elements(话语元素长度)这一标准对于考生的中间发展段进行评估。The length of discourse elements(话语元素长度)主要评估考生文章的两个方面：

平均句长

也就是文章的平均每个句子包含的单词数量。如果一个考生内容没有进行有效发展，也就是说该考生没有什么内容可写，E-rater就会默认考生的句子一定写不长;反过来，如果一个考生内容发展充实，那么该考生的句子一定有丰富的内容表述，此时写出来的句子一定不会很短。

中间发展段句子数量

也就是每个理由段考生写了多少个句子进行支撑自己的观点。如果考生内容没有发展，中间理由段也就没什么话说，这时候中间段就不会有太多的句子进行支撑;反过来，如果一个考生内容发展充实，那么该考生中间段一定有多个句子从不同细节角度进行支撑自己的观点。

由此可见：如果考生的写作发展不够充实，作文的词数一般不会多。

其实托福考试评分标准中并没有把词数达标作为一个衡量标准，但是建议考生写作词数不少于300词，因为一般来说，少于300词的托福独立写作文章内容发展不会那么充实，也就是说词数不够直接影响到了评分维度中的Development一项。

但是，是不是一个考生词数写的多就能够证明文章发展充实从而得到高分呢?

我们来看一组ETS研究论文中的数据。下图为了研究方便，ETS的工作人员使用了传统写作的6分制评分重新设定了托福的分数(也就是6分为满分)：

我们可以看到，满分(6分)的文章大都是词数为400词左右的文章，且当文章的词数达到了一定范围(400词以上)，写作分数上没有了明显的变化。

再来看另一组ETS的研究数据，这一次研咳嗽卑炎芊稚柚梦4分(也就是满分为4分)来比较不同分数段的口语写作分数与文章长度的关系可以看到，独立写作抽样了476篇文章，其中最高分的文章有102篇，写的最多的词数为586词，写的最少的词数竟然只有261词(这就是为什么上文中提到独立写作的建议词数是300词，而不是硬性要求词数，当然，对于大多数考生来说，由于缺乏娴熟的语言驾驭能力，很难用这么少的词数把内容表述清楚)，其平均词数只有385.3个词;同时，在低分档(2分)的文章中最多词数有507个词的，这时候你还会觉得词数越多得分越高吗?

抛开数据不看，我们也能够理解，一篇文章好坏除了内容是否写得充实外，还需要考虑内容的相关度、语言的质量以及语句之间的逻辑衔接等。很多同学为了凑词数而大量背诵没有意义的模板句，与主题关联性不是很大的例子，这样不仅不会得到高分，反而会在考试中丢分。

在托福的独立写作中，除了文章结构组织(这一点大多数考生只要接受过正规的培训基本都没什么问题)和语言的正确使用(这一点需要考生课下的积累)之外，文章的发展，也就是具体的内容，往往决定着考生的分数。一般来说，内容充实的文章往往能够得到高分，同时，内容充实的文章词数一般也不会太少。如果只关注词数本身而忽略了文章内容，就会造成“词数多，分数高”的假象。

再通俗一点说，饭店里菜的分量多一般用大盘子装，而大盘子端上来的菜分量不一定多。

托福综合写作如何记笔记 篇7

托福综合写作时间不足应对细节介绍

首先考生需要花费大约三分钟的时间阅读一篇学术短文，在阅读的同时大家要注意记下文章的主要观点及词汇，为听力部分先做准备。接下来考生还需要听一段大致为2分钟的听力讲座，内容一般是对阅读资料观点的辩驳。这个时候考生就需要针对阅读内容的观点分别记下听力部分的辩驳理由及相关细节，当然对于阅读资料的内容如果有补充我们也要记下来。

接下来考生大致有20分钟来总结听力中的关键内容，并写出一系列的关键内容以及与阅读材料的差异点。一般建议大家写150-225个词，每个写作任务的分数大致是0-5分，详细评判规范以考生答复的完整性及准确性为首要依据。所以综合写作大致要花费20分钟。

托福独立写作如何合理分配时间?

独立写作的第一步是列好提纲，需要完成审题、提出观点、列出理由三个步骤，大致花费的时间约为3-5分钟。在这个过程中，我们要防止两种错误做法：首先是需要先在草稿纸上列出大致提纲，不要写作思路都没有就动笔，这种做法容易导致文章结构不明确和之后行文中的频繁修改;其次是不要太过详细的在提纲中把所有观点细节和举例内容都写出来，会花太多时间在提纲上，建议大家搭好文章框架后一边写一边展开。

独立写作的第二步就是开始正文的写作了，花费时长大致为22-26分钟。当我们在写作时，要注意每个段落都需要有不同的侧重点。每个段落的主题句能够让考生自己和考官明确了解到你这一个段落的大致内容，因此考生要注意写出主题句以突出自己想表达的观点。如果大家缺乏临场搭建框架的信心，也可以选择提前制作和记忆一些写作模板，并结合作文题目套用到实际写作中。而到了写作最后阶段，当监考官通知距离结束还有五分钟时，考生应该确保已经写到了最后结尾段。如果还没有，那你就要赶紧写完结尾段以确保文章的完整性。

托福写作解析：十大常见写作话题

1、动物类

一直以来采取防止动物和植物免于灭绝太少了,尽管人们已经注意到这个问题了很长时间。为什么人们没能改善这种状况吗?你有什么建议吗?

Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?

2、教育类

(1).一些人认为教育孩子完全会使他们受益。其他人认为聪明的孩子应该分开教学,给予特别的课程。讨论双方的观点,给你自己的意见。

Some people believe that educating children altogether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

(2).如今,越来越多的毕业生无法找到工作。讨论在年轻人和成年人之间不断上升的失业率的原因，给出解决方案。

Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions.

3、全球化影响

现有一个对于增加国家之间的商业和文化联系给国家的身份所带来的影响的分歧。你的意见是什么?

There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?

4、政府投资

人们应该把保留所有他们挣到的钱,不应该缴税给国家。你同意或不同意?

People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?

5、科技影响

很多员工可能运用现代科技在家工作。一些人认为它只对员工有好处,而不是雇主。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?

Many employees may work at home with modern technology. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

6、文化类

(1).对一个建筑而言实用目的外表美观更重要。架构师不需要担心是否它是一个真正的艺术品。你同意或不同意?

It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?

(2).国际旅游是世界上最大的产业。在什么程度上你认为它的优点远远大于它的缺点?

The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?

7、生活工作

一些人认为定期换工作是好的。你的意见是什么?

Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?

8、传媒类

一些人认为应该有限制的在电视和报纸上详细描述犯罪。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?

Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

9、广告类

当今有许多针对儿童的广告。父母认对孩子是误导,然而广告商认为这是很有用的信息。你的意见是什么?

There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?

10、环境类

据说最好的办法解决世界环境问题是提高燃料的价格。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?

It is said that the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

托福写作解析：电影和电视的利弊

托福写作题目：

A/D Movies and televisions have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave.

30分作文也没有那么难做到啦。这是一篇近期考出30分写作的同学的考前习作。这个考试季很多同学反映写作压分，30分的作文单项分已经很罕见。我们一起看看，在这个季节，什么样的作文能稳稳拿下考场高分。

总结一下几个要点

1. 清晰有力的论证逻辑

2. 准确的用词

3. 句式的适当变化，如排比，虚拟，短句的偶尔出现。

4. 小错误多次出现可以容忍

托福写作满分作文：

Whenever I turn on TV, I see dark themes and plots of programs broadcast on it. Just calculate roughly, there are about 30 programs whose theme is pessimistic in every 40 programs. 【眼尖的同学一眼能看出来几处语法错误，显然ETS不那么介意;我们要学习的是作者用数字说明问题】And there are so many plots orienting adults that should not be seen by young people.【上面两个句子点出电视节目的两个问题，为论点的出现做充足铺垫】So I strongly believe that movies and televisions have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave. 【出论点，论点句要稳扎稳打，千万别此刻玩花的，花大了别人没看懂就麻烦了】This is not only because young people will imitate the inappropriate behavior in the programs, but also because the dark theme of them will distort the way young people view the world.【预告自己的两个分论点，老套的开头结构，胜在稳重清晰】

Firstly, young people may imitate the bad behavior they saw on televisions and movies.【同样，观点句不许玩花的，老实点儿】 Young people, especially children, are not sophisticated enough to think about the consequences【用词准确】 or their behavior carefully, and they are often eager to try new things 【解释论点句为什么成立--因为年轻人有这些特性】. Television programs and movies often include some violent behavior in them in order to make the plots more inviting【用词准确】 and attract more people to watch.【重申电视节目的特点，暴力镜头多，与上一句‘年轻人爱模仿’的信息合起来为下一句短句的力量制造必要条件】 So here is the problem【我们一再强调的短句的力量】. Young people will probably try those inappropriate【用词准确】 behaviors they saw on televisions, thinking they are normal or acceptable.【换个方式把论点句重新说了一遍，但并不让人觉得重复，因为顺承上文的逻辑推理而成立。全段没有一个例子，直接用纯论证完成，功力可见】

Secondly, lots of pessimistic themes of television programs or movies will make young people feel sad about the world. 【虽然主语长了一些，但作为论点句，依然是经典的主谓宾结构，简洁明了】As mentioned in the former paragraph, there are violence in TV programs and movies, and young people may not only imitate those bad behaviors, but also affected by the sad view in these programs.【借力上一段的内容，回点上段，增加文章内部的粘结力，但是在上一段所讨论信息的基础上向前推进一步，推出新论点，经典的承上启下结构】 Because they are during a period when their ways of looking at the world are formed, seeing too much about the dark side of the society is no good for their growth.【解释上一句为什么成立--因为年轻人世界观正在成形,应该用being formed 而不是are formed，但这种小错误不影响高分】It can create a false sense of reality【用词准确，来自平时的积累】, as if the only newsworthy events are those that are tragic or violent. They may form a bad habit of always looking at people or events from a dark point of view, feeling hopeless and despairing, even conducting some self-destructive behaviors.【这个列举的句子如果从sat语法的角度来说也是错误多多的……不过从语义上来说，做了一个因势利导夸大其词的论证推断，三个列举层层递进互为因果，还是实现了列举的修辞效果的】

Admittedly, there are some programs trying to convey optimistic view to viewers, but their plots are so unrealistic that they cannot convince young people. 【让步段第一句话，先提出自己之前的论证没有正视的情况，再明确指出这种情况的致命缺点】And they tell stories in a too exaggerating way, making stories more unconvincing. 【补刀】For example【全文都没有举例论证，到这里实在摒不住了，呵呵】, once I saw a TV program on the daily life of a couple. In order to convey【用词准确】 the view that ‘if you do good things, you will always get want you want’, the program told a story that the young man picks up 10000 dollars three times a week just because he always helps his neighbors and the god is touched by him! What a ridiculous story! If I were a child, I would have no desire to do good things, as I didn’t believe I would pick up so much money no matter how many good things I did.【这个虚拟语气的使用信手拈来，适合各种假设状况的探讨】 So even if there are some programs with optimistic themes, I don’t think they will impact young people more than those with pessimistic themes. 【总结这个例子对于自己论点的意义，再次强化自己的立场】

托福写作解析 写作中这7个语法错误要避免

1、中式英语

原：Thus, one is easier to draw bosses’ attention and gain appreciation.

改：Thus, it’s easier for you to draw bosses’ attention and gain appreciation.

评：中文习惯说“人们可以更容易地吸引老板的注意力”，而英语则习惯说“It’s easier for sb. to…”同学们要注意中英表述习惯的区别哦!

2、 用词不当

原：The absence of groupwork is a disaster for teenagers in modern society.

改：The absence of teamwork is a disaster for teenagers in modern society.

评：groupwork是“分组”或者“小组集体任务”的意思。这位同学原本想说teamwork“团队合作”，却用了一个看起来很像，但实际完全不同的词，表达出来的意思就风马牛不相及了。

原：You will be dangerous if you keep moving without a clear view of the whole picture.

改：You will be in danger if you keep moving without a clear view of the whole picture.

评：dangerous表示所修饰的对象是“带来危险的，有危险性的”，而be in danger才是“身处险境”的意思。到底谁才是威胁呢?

原：Firstly, the job, providing the opportunity for students to utilize what they learned in class, might effect their further development.

改：Firstly, the job, providing the opportunity for students to utilize what they learned in class, might affect their further development.

评：模样长得像，意思可不同了。这里想用动词affect表示“影响”，却误写为名词effect“效果”，一字千里啊!

3、搭配错误

原：Nowadays, people are crazy pursuing to be excellent.

改：Nowadays, people are crazy about excellence.

评：这位同学显然记错了be crazy about sth. 这个用法，写出来的句子自然会出问题啦。

原：Besides, public speech can effectively increase your communication skills, which facilitate your salesman career.

改：Besides, public speech can effectively improve your communication skills, which facilitate your salesman career.

评：此处是一个明显的动宾搭配错误。“提高……技巧”应该是improve the skills，而不是increase the skills.

4、词性错位

原：I will forget my sad and pressure from the work and the study.

改：I will forget my sadness and pressure from work and study.

评：sad是形容词，而这里明显需要一个名词，应该是sadness。

原：Although making money is a priority for most people, spending time with the family is equal significant.

改：…, spending time with the family is equally significant.

评：形容词significant前需要用副词来修饰，所以equal应该改成equally。

5、时态混乱

原：Although I have no work experience when I was a teenager, I always dreamed about having a job.

改：Although I had no work experience when I was a teenager, I always dreamed about having a job.

评：过去时的句子中冒出了现在时，同学你太粗心了，要仔细检查哦~

原：I would explain my view in the following paragraphs.

改：I’d like to explain… / I will explain…

评：可能是两种说法记混了吧，结果把时态搞错了……

6、主谓不一致

原：The way we deal with the environmental problems are crucial to the prosperity of human-being.

改：The way we deal with the environmental problems is crucial to the prosperity of human-being.

评：谓语之前有两个名词时，主谓搭配的问题就常常出现了。这里真正的主语应该是单数名词the way，所以与之搭配的谓语也应该是单数的is。

7、重复累赘

原：From my point of view, I think this argument is quite limited since many other ways can also help learning a foreign country.

改：From my point of view, this argument is quite limited since many other ways can also help us learn a foreign country.

评：from my point of view和I think重复啦，保留一个就好。当然这里建议留下更“高级”的from my point of view.

原：There are the majority of people who deem that they like to spend money on things which can bring them long memory.

改：Majority of the people like to spend money on things that can be memorized for long.

评：中文句式说的“有很多人……”，但别一看到“有”就非要用there be句型不可哦，直接摆出主谓宾就行了。

托福写作如何首尾呼应 篇8

托福作文结尾段需要起到什么作用?

1. 再次陈述主题。用 paraphrase 方式再次呈现主题陈述中出现的三要素: a.问题中存在争议的地方; b.观点;c.理由。

2. 结束句。放在陈述完主题之后。

托福写作3种高分结尾段写法模板介绍

1. 托福作文的最后总结教训或提出建议

In conclusion, whether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creativity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.

2. 提出令人忧虑的结果或可能出现的负面结果

假设读者没有想作者说的那样去做，在结论中提出将会出现的负面结果，帮助读者预见到令人忧虑的后果，进而令读者自然第接受作者的意见。

e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the country. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.

3. 提出问题留待读者思考

In conclusion, it is inevitable for children to commit mistakes at a young age, parents should play their part to instill the importance of good behaviors in their children. Parents should allow children to make small mistakes as a meaningful learning experience. However, what would be like if parents permit their children to commit serious mistakes like theft and robbery?

托福写作结尾段常用表达方式分享

Finally, thus, in a word, in brief;

In conclusion, to conclude, in the end;

In the final analysis, in a nutshell, on the whole;

To summarize, to encapsulate, in sum, in summary

In light of these facts, considering these ideas

托福考试作文独立写作范文：大学生应该选择哪种专业

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：

students should be encouraged to take courses like science, technology, engineering and math that are likely to lead to job opportunities rather than subjects they might be interested in.

托福独立写作题目真题：

Students should choose the major such as science, technology, and engineering which can help them find good jobs instead of the major which they are interested in.

点睛

题目大意：大学生应该选择哪种专业：能够帮助他们找到好工作的专业(比如科学类，技术类和工程类)VS自己喜欢的专业。此题目波波建议选择感兴趣的专业：理由如下1.学习更有动力 2.从长远来看，更有利于就业。

范文参考一:

The question of “ what is the most important subject or skill the schools should teach? ” has never failed to attract attention from educators, school administrators and even politicians especially when it comes to subjects like technology, engineering and math. Some argue that students should be encouraged to take such classes rather than the ones they are interested in since they give them a better shot to find jobs. However, personally, I am not in favor of this position based on the following reasons.

Admittedly, it is true that courses like technology, engineering and math are very

technical, most of which can be applied in solving real world issues. However, the exposure that students have to apply these theories are very limited in class. Taking technical oriented classes will not give students a competitive edge to ensure future jobs opportunities, on the other hand, there are enormous benefits for students to take courses that they are interested in.

First off, taking courses that students are interested in can be a great motivation for them to achieve higher goals. Old saying “ interest is the best teacher” remains relevant as it did a century ago. Interest serves as the internal motivation for students to explore in the area that they are interested, on the contrary, if they are forced to take courses for a utilitarian purpose, they might not keep their interest for a long time thus have a lower learning efficiency. Recent study conducted by the Society of Developmental Psychology shows that students will be more enthusiastic and passionate about learning when given the freedom to make their own choices to take classes. Also, giving students the opportunity to choose the classes they are interested in can help them to explore their real interest, thus their potential can be fully tapped before heading off for career options.

Additionally, taking courses students are interested in have enormous practical purposes and they can be a great source of leisure and relaxation. For instance, lots of students like art and music but seldom do they have a chance to learn. Actually, taking art and music classes help to develop creativity and make the students more imaginative. Actually, lots of scientific research in the psychological field shows that early exposure to art and music not only boosts academic achievement but also promotes creativity, self-confidence and school pride. Students who spend more time in learning art and music end up having higher analytical thinking and reasoning skills than those who don’t.

In conclusion, taking courses that students are interested in can be a great motivation for them to achieve higher goals and it can also be a great source of leisure and relaxation.

写作参考二:

Under the current system of higher education, with the majors becoming increasingly diverse, how to choose an appropriate major has never failed to attract the attention of the general public. Most parents strongly recommend that it is much better to choose a major which can guarantee a good job, while college students, the receiver of higher education, tend to choose the field which caters to their interest. As far as I am concerned, the latter viewpoint is more reasonable, with the reasons listed below.

First of all, selecting the major that students like can help them to grasp the knowledge better. Just as a saying goes, interest is the best teacher, which is true of undergraduates. To illustrate, under the drive of interest, students are more likely to automatically devote more time and energy into what they major in, thus definitely having a better command of professional knowledge and skills imparted by teachers. By contrast, without any interest in what they are taught, college students who generally lack in self-motivation may do anything but study in class. For instance, on campus in China, it is not uncommon to see that many students squander their valuable time by taking a nap, whispering or even playing smart phones while attending the class. What’s worse, some of them may even skip classes. The reason underlying the above phenomenon is nothing but lack of passion for what they learn.

Secondly, choosing a major students are interested in can do a better job in helping them secure a good job. As we all know, with the constant change and progress of society, the job market is also changing quickly. In other words, some promising industries a few years ago might very well become obsolete, which means that the major one chooses cannot necessarily guarantee a good job. By contrast, under such a society full of fierce competition, it is the professional skills and abilities people own that play the key role in landing a decent job. Obviously, only when people select the field they have passion for can they establish a solid foundation of specific knowledge and skills in this field. Therefore, the major catering to one’s interest can better improve his or her competence, thus increasing their likelihood of securing a decent job.