动词不定式教案原创

动词不定式教案原创（精选4篇）

动词不定式教案原创篇1

教学目标

1.学会什么是动词不定式 2.会使用动词不定式重难点

1.能正确的使用动词不定式的各种用法教学步骤

Grammar: 动词不定式 Ⅰ.不定式句法功能

1.作主语：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible.不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。→ The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster? 不定式作主语常见句型：

a)It is + adj.(easy, important, difficult…)+ 不定式

b)It is + n.(a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame)+ 不定式

eg.It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c)It takes/needs/requires + some time(hours, months, days, patience…)+ 不定式 eg.It requires patience to be a good teacher.2.作表语：当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。

eg.Our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。eg.The only thing we can do now is wait and see.3.作宾语

The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等 I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。Eg.We have no choice but to wait.Cf.We can do nothing but wait.4.宾语补足语

在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。

a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等 You should get them to help you.但在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作宾补，不跟to do…

eg.They believe him to be honest.b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to ①一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等

②一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等 Don’t let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上to His father made him go to bed early.→He was made to go to bed early by his father.5.作定语

不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：

①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等

eg.He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等

eg.His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.③序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语： She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。Eg.He’s always the first to come and the last to leave.主谓关系

I’ve no time to listen to your excuse.同位关系

She has a meeting to attend.（动宾关系=attend a meeting）

There’s nothing to worry about.(动宾关系=worry about nothing)6.作状语

不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。

①to…, in order to …, so as to …(不能放在句首)作目的状语

All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receive C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving ②在so…as to, such….as to, only to …结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。

He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.③enough to, too…to结构 eg.The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.④形容词（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构 eg.I’m glad to meet you.The question is different to answer.He is hard to get along with.7.作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。Eg.To tell you the truth, I hate you.8.作同位语

eg.The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的复合结构，以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：for sb.to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。

It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb.to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。

eg.It’s very kind of you to come to see me.连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。

Eg.No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式

①不定式的进行式由to be + V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。

动词不定式用法梳理解读篇2

一、用作主语

直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：

1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge...2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.3.How to make requests politely is important.二、用作表语

动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：

1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to greet the teacher.三、用作宾语

1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：

1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)I’d love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：

1)Could you please tell me where to park my car? 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make /...it+adj./ n.+to do...。如：

I find it difficult to remember everything.4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：

1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.2)I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am.begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。

3)I like to eat vegetables.感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。

5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：

1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.2)I stopped using them last year.四、用作定语

1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：

1)I have so many chores to do today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her.3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：

1)He needs time to do homework.2)Is that a good place to hang out？

3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.3.在“there be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式。如：

1)There’s just so much to see and do here.2)...but there are still many things to do there.五、用作补语

动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。

1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：

1)This picture makes me feel tense！

2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。如：

1)...they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.2)Using email English helps you write quickly.4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：

1)He doesn’t seem to have many friends.2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.六、用作状语

1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：

1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to)discuss this question.(to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的状语，置句末时都可以用，置句首时只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引导结果状语从句，in order to do不引导结果状语从句。)

2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：

My dogs name is “Lucky”—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如：

1)Then I’m too tired to do well.What should I do?

2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.4.有些动词不定式作状语，常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。

...the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.这类句子中的动词不定式可改为主语。

5.独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：

1)Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.2)To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.七、动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb.to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。如：

1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening.2.Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.八、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如：

1.用作句子的成分。

1)I don’t know what to try next.(作宾语)

2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)

2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)

2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)

九、动词不定式的否定式

动词不定式完成式的常见句式篇3

2.Charles Babbage is generally considered__the first computer.

A. to have invented B.inventing C. to invent D.having invented

3.I would love__to the part last night but Ihad to work etra hours to finish a report. A.to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

4.Tom ought not to__me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. have told B tell C be telling D having told

一.形容词+to have done

1.Glad to have seen you here.Bye.(告别时用语) 很高兴见到你.

比较:（刚见面时用语）Hello!Glad to see you here.

2.I’m sorry not to have attented your party last night.(=I’m sorry I didn’t...)很抱歉昨晚没能参加你们的聚会.

二.It +系动词be +表语+ to have done

1.It’s my pleasure to have been invited to your party last night.昨晚能应邀参加你们的聚会是我的荣幸

2.It’s a pity for you not to have seen the film last night.(=It’s a pity that you didn’t see...)昨晚你没看那部影片真是件遗憾事.

三.动词+it (形式宾语)+宾补+ be to have done ( 注意同句式二的相互转换)1. I think it a pity for you not to have seen the film last night.

我认为昨晚能应邀参加你们的聚会是我的荣幸

2.I consider it a pity for you not to have seen the film last night.我认为昨晚你没看那部影片真是件遗憾事.

四.seem/appear+to have done

He appears to have waited for a long time.(=It appears that he haas waited...)他好像一等了很长一段时间了.

They seem to have known the fact.(It seems that they have known the fact.)他们好像已知道了真相.

五.主语+系动词+Be + said/ thought /considered /repirted /believed +to have done

He is said to have died in the Second World War.(=It’s said that he died...)

据说他死于第二次世界大战.

2. China is reported to have launched another man-made satelite recently.(=It’s reported that China has launched...)据报道,中国最近又发射了一颗人造卫星.

(注:在以上五种句式中,动词不定式完成式表示的动作或状态都发生在谓语表示的动作或状态之前)

六.谓语+To have done

1.表示 “希望”等含义的动词过去时+To have done, 表时未曾实现的希望或计划等.此类动词常用的有Hoped wished , wanted, expected, meant, planned,以及 promised, was,would like等.如:

He hoped to have attented the party last night, but didn’t find time.

昨天他本想去参加聚会,但没抽出时间.

The plane was to have taken off at 8am, but the heavy rain delayed its leaving。飞机原定八点起飞,但大雨使它推迟了.

2.表示 “希望”等含义的动词现在时＋To have done,表示将来某时,某事已经发生或完成.如:

I hope to have reached Bei jing by next Friday.(=Ihope that Iwiil have reached Beijing by next Friday.)我希望下周五我已到北京了.

七.Ought +to have done本该做,却未作

You ought to have finished it yestrday. But why didn’t you?