丝绸之路英文介绍（通用7篇）
Introduction
This is a trade thoroughfare that links Asia and Europe in the past dynasties.This is
an important bridge that promotes the economic and cultural exchanges.This is a thoroughfare that owns treasure trove of historic sites. The Silk Roadrefers to theancient trade route connecting Asia Continent and
European Continent,usually it can be classified into Northern Silk Road on the land，Southern Silk Road on the land and the Silk Road on the sea.(Transition: For a very long period in history, there were many famous stories related to the road, e.g.zhangQian, who was sent by Emperor Wudi of Han to the western regions;Eminent Monk Xuan Zang, who made a journey to the west in search of Buddhist scriptures)
Body
The silk road dates back to the second century B.C when ZhangQian, a Chinese
official and envoy of the royal court, embarked on his business trip to Xiyu(meaning western countries)
Originating from Chang’an(the present-day Xi’an), the route traversed Shaanxi
Province, the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, the Parim mountain region, Afghanistan, Iran, Irap and Syria, ending at the eastern shores of the Mediterranean.More than 4000 of its 7000 kilometers were in China. For over a thousand years up till the 15th century, China brought its silk cloths and
goods, gunpowder, and paper making and printing techniques to the west via this road.This road, in return, introduced into China Buddhism and Islam as well as grapes, walnuts, pomegranates, cucumbers, glass, perfume and other products from the outside world.(Transition: After saying so much, I want to ask you a question: Why it is called the Silk Road, not the ……….road?)
Because among all the goods which were in exchange through the road, the China’s
silk is the most typical one.(Why it is so typical?)
It is a symbol of the prosperity of civilization of East Asia.So European scholars
came to call it the “silk road”.Conclusion
I’m very proud not only because a wealth of historical relics and interesting local
cultures along the part of the Silk Road in China, but also because the active role we Chinese played in developing this road.I’m very proud not only because such a great history my country enjoys but also because the initiative spirit we are born with.I’m very proud of being a Chinese. I hope you will understand and appreciate how brave and hardworking we Chinese
关键词：麦琪,精神成长
George Eliot(1819-1880)has always been regarded as one of the greatest and most distinguished English writers in the 19th century by many critics.Virginia Woolf ranks Gorge Eliot in a high position and claims that"she was the pride and model of women"(Spittles 188).As a talented and prolific writer,Eliot made her contribution to English literature with eight novels among which the most autobiographical one is The Mill on the Floss.The novel mainly depicts the protagonist Maggie Tulliver's spiritual growth from childhood into adulthood.In a general sense,spiritual growth refers to an individual's cultivation of selfidentity to a fulfilled self.In The Mill on the Floss,Maggie's spiritual growth is embodied in the development of her sense of selfconsciousness and self-realization.
In The Mill on the Floss,Maggie Tulliver is a sensitive and intelligent girl living in a family of oppressive narrowness,where she suffers constraints placed upon her free imagination.Her spiritual growth starts from an early age.At the beginning of story,when she is a young girl,she begins to demonstrate her desire for self-consciousness which is an important component in her spiritual growth.Maggie is separated from other people because of her unusual looking and"odd"behavior,but she spares no effort in seeking her self-consciousness and other people's recognition of her intellectual talent.Different from other people in St.Ogg's,Maggie is a girl who yearns for knowledge and intelligence of life.Apart from her thirst for learning,she also desires for love,especially from her dear brother who always ignores her existence.Being a"mistake of nature",she is disgraced and scorned by her mother and relatives because of her dark complexion and wild nature.She rebels against the conventions of society and yearns for self-realization.After Mr.Tulliver's bankruptcy,Maggie steps out of her family to seek an occupation to be economically independent.In the process of Maggie's spiritual growth,she undergoes obstacles and predicaments.
The difficulties in Maggie's spiritual growth derive largely from the conflict between her personal desires and social background.In Victorian time,the only roles women were supposed to play were unexceptionally housekeepers or something of an ornament to make men's lives more comfortable.Women were generally instructed to be silent,mild and obedient,undertaking an inferior role.They were encouraged not to be intelligent and they had no access to independent thinking.In the novel,Lucy Deane is set as a perfect model of Victorian woman.Compared to Maggie's trouble-making and rebelliousness,she is meek and submissive.Consequently,she is praised and applauded by people around her.
The difficulty in Maggie's pursuit of knowledge lies in the fact that her behavior contradicts the conventional model of female image.In the story,she is portrayed as a girl of extraordinary cleverness.She is regarded as a difficult child in Tulliver family because she is tomboyish and full of imagination.Viewing social expectations as limitations,Maggie always does something that contradicts what her family expects.She rejects her mother's instructions and refuses to do needlework.Instead of becoming a lady,she dreams over her books and wants to be equal with men in knowledge learning.Her family's reactions to her irregular behavior express the ideology that girls and boys should be differen in the way they are brought up according to their social positions they will take.The girls are merely instructed to cultivate and perform their domestic virtues.They are taught to behave in a lady-like manner and follow the restrictions of their activities because of social expectations people put upon them.So a woman is usually educated from an early age that she is supposed to be subordinate and submissive to men and renounce her autonomy She is always treated as a live doll and therefore is denied independent thinking.But Maggie is different from the conventiona female image and she is not satisfied with the imprisonment in the castle of female ignorance.She wants to be cultivated by knowledge and love.Her natural desire for learning and her inner drive shift her forward,but in her growth she encounters many difficulties that hinder her growth progress.
Being measured by the criteria for traditional female role models,the heroine Maggie fails to fulfill her role to become a perfect woman.Thus her unusual behavior is frowned and disgraced by her relatives.Her aunts Mrs.Pullet and Mrs.Glegg think that it is Maggie who has brought Mrs.Tulliver"bad lack"because of her mischief and naughtiness.So Mrs.Pullet"pitied poor Bessy's bad luck with her children,and expressed a halfformed project of paying for Maggie's being sent to a distan boarding school,which would not prevent her being so brown but might tend to subdue some other vices in her"(The Mil137).In Maggie's relatives'eyes,she is a girl inborn with vices As a"small mistake of nature",she cannot find her place in this society with its conventional standard of women,and part of this is that learning is constantly defined as unnatural female attributes.
In the early part of The Mill on the Floss,Mr.Stelling is made to be a good spokesman for Victorian concept of female intellect.When Maggie asks him whether she has the ability o learning Euclid,he responds to the question by saying that girls"can pick up a little of everything[...]they've a great deal of superficial cleverness:but they couldn't go far into anything They're quick and shallow"(The Mill 158).Mr.Stelling first admits that girls are somewhat intelligent,but he continues his words with a denial that they cannot get deep into anything with their"quick and shallow"intelligence.The problem is raised in the novel that the acquisition of knowledge in Victorian time is gendered and hierarchized.In Mr.Tulliver's family,the quality o education is differentiated for Maggie and Tom.This difference is made more apparent in their early socialization.Despite the fact that it is Maggie who loves reading shows more talent in learning Mr.Tulliver sends Tom,who"hasn't got the right sort o'brains for a smart fellow"and is"a bit slowish"(14),to receive a better education and he gladly expends a large amount of money on Tom's education without hesitation because he is a boy.Little Maggie can only go to a third-class school.Her father's prejudiced view of the role of women is socially accepted and it makes no opportunity for Maggie's intelligence even though Mr.Tulliver acknowledges that if Maggie were a boy,her intelligence would make her different by saying that"it's a pity but what she'd been the lad-she'd ha'been a match for the lawyers,she would"(22)Although Maggie's intelligence is occasionally appreciated by Mr Tulliver,her personality is totally incompatible with her time.She is clever and cute,but she is"too cute for a woman";she is longing for books and reading,but her desire can never be fulfilled because she lives in a society that holds the belief tha knowledge has nothing to do with women and"a woman's no business wi'being so clever"(20).Though Maggie endeavors to get her own identity in the patriarchal society,she is hindered by outside obstacles of conventional value.
The difficulty in Maggie's seeking for recognition is represented in her failure in being identified and the disillusionment in her pursuit of recognition.After the accident of pushing Lucy into the cow-trodden mud,Maggie decides to run away to the gypsies.The apparent cause of her act seems to be her fear o getting punished,but the real reason could be more complex since she has been suffered for a long time due to her being"over-cute"in her living world.In the story,Maggie is portrayed as a girl different from others because she does not own the appearance that the typical Victorian ladies are supposed to have Contrary to Lucy's pink cheek and blonde,curly hair,she is brown-skinned and black-haired.And even her mother once grumbles that"that niver run i'my family,thank God,no more nor a brown skin as makes her look like a mulatter1"(The Mil15).When Maggie cuts her hair after being reproached by her aunts due to her messy hair,she is teased by Mrs.Pullet:"She's more like a gypsy nor ever."(73)She has always been disgraced and complained because of her resemblance with the gypsies in appearance by people around her.For Maggie,her desire to be recognized and respected can only be satisfied in gypsydom When she finds that her identity is incompatible with the world around her,she inevitably begins to seek for some place where she can be identified and get a sense of belonging.So she leaves home to find the gypsies and believes that semicircular tent is her"refuge"from all the prejudice and bullies that imposed on her in civilized life.But can the gypsies really take her out of the troubles she is suffering?And what is actually the gypsies'life?From the situation of gypsies,it can be concluded that the gypsies'wandering life is indeed a sign of being marginalized by the mainstream society at that time.
When Maggie begins to share with the gypsies her knowledge,telling them that"Columbus was a wonderful man"and she learns it from Catechism Geography2,the gypsies obviously show no interest or understanding in her words.So she"felt very lonely and was quite sure she should begin to cry before long:the gypsies didn't seem to mind her at all,and she felt quite weak among them"(The Mill 118).She becomes disappointed at them and feels that it is impossible to"communicate to them amusing and useful knowledge"(118).Thus,her seeking for recognition turns out to be disappointing.
Notes:
1 Here"mulatter"refers to"mulatto",a person who is biraciawith one black parent and one white.The word is no longerpolitically correct.
2 Presumably by William Pinnock,author of many educationaworks.He was most active in the 1820s and 1830s.The Catechisms are lists of questions answers to be learned by rote The titles range from Anatomy to Universal History,taking in Ichthyology,Moral and Social Duty,the Religions Now Existing in the World,Perspective,Trade and Commerce,Punctuation,as well as most orthodox languages and sciences.
参考文献
[1] Bennett,Joan.George Eliot:Her Mind and her Art [M].Cam- bridge:Cambridge UP,1966.
[2] Bonaparte,Felicia.Will and Destiny:Morality and Tragedy in George Eliot's Novels[M].New York:New York UP,1975.
[3] Carrol,David.George Eliot:The Critical Heritage [M].London: Routledge,1996.
[4] Eliot,George.The Mill on the Floss[M].London:Penguin,1979.
[5] Harvey W J.The Art of George Eliot[M].Westport:Greenwood, 1961.
[6] Spittles,Brian.George Eliot:Godless Woman [M].London: Macmillan,1993.
关键词：品牌管理 读者角度 差异化
目前，我国英文期刊可分为两种，一类是针对教育系统的教辅英语期刊，一类是面向市场、受众较广的英文期刊。本文拟研究面向市场的大众型英文期刊的经营发展策略，希望对我国的英文期刊未来发展有所助益。
一、英文期刊经营现状分析
据统计，目前我国国内面向大众市场、公开发行的英文期刊近30种，虽是我国期刊业所占比重很小的一部分，却有着举足轻重的作用和意义。首先英语作为一门语言，是人们沟通交流的重要工具。其次，在我国，英语的重要性体现在方方面面。小学就开设英语科目，上班后单位会要求职员考取各类英语资格证，这些举措导致英文期刊的需求量相对稳定并且有上扬趋势。再次，英语的学习属性与其他学科不同，属于积累型学科，即看得越多，读得越多，学得越好。因而，相较于其他期刊，英文期刊的市场发展潜力巨大。
但就目前的英文期刊发展现状来看，经营情况并不乐观，同质化、同类化、同一化等现象严重，若想改变这种局面，可通过差异化品牌管理来改善经营理念和经营策略，以达到改革目的。
二、英语期刊同质化表现及原因
1.内容定位同质化。目前，大部分英语期刊的内容定位同质化表现在栏目设置相近、分类方式雷同、品牌栏目较少等方面。不同的期刊翻开来，只是每期的具体题目不同，其余并无明显差别。在受众定位方面，有些英文期刊将受众群统一定位于大众读者，在这个个性化、分众化的时代，网罗大众的结果常常是谁都网罗不到，从而难以获得受众的长期青睐和稳定惠顾。
2.经销方式同质化。目前，面向市场的英文期刊的经销方式主要有两种：零售和代售。
零售是由读者在期刊零售点自行购买或者去邮局订阅购买。英文期刊由于其相对较少的受众，很多期刊零售网点考虑到经济收益并不铺设；邮局的可选类目数量巨大，面对海量信息，英文期刊的被选率大大降低；此外，去邮局订阅期刊的方式因其繁杂和不便，已逐渐退出读者的主流订阅舞台。
代售是通过授权民营书商、区域报刊销售总部进行代理发行工作，即以较低的折扣让利于对方，期刊只需按时提供协商好的当期刊物即可，其余推销工作“全权”委托给对方代理发行。这种营销模式主动权在于经销商，在选择刊物方面有严格的筛选标准和要求，因此这种经销方式只适用于盈利好、销量大、影响广、受众多的个别期刊，并不能为所有英文期刊所用。
可见囿于英文期刊经销条件和期刊受众的不确定性及分散性，零售和代售几乎成为所有英文期刊主要的市场经销方式，久而久之，形成了经销方式的同质化。
3.服务领域同质化。目前，英文期刊的服务大多集中于将信息通过纸媒完全输送和发行寄送等方面。但随着全媒体时代的到来，仅仅依靠这种方式已不能满足受众的需求。有些英文期刊迎合发展，设立了网站、博客、微博等数字平台，用于吸引读者。这些网站涵盖了大量信息，包括企业简介、行业信息、相关产业信息等，对读者真正有用的资源所占比重并不大而且不好找，远不如纸媒信息来得到位、精准，同时网络平台所刊登的咨询信息常常更新周期长，一些反馈信息迟迟得不到回复。网络的即时、高效、便捷在这些数字平台中完全没有体现，浪费了大好的宝贵资源。
二、品牌管理下的差异化经营策略
品牌管理是管理者为培育品牌资产而展开的以消费者为中心的规划、传播、提升和评估等一系列战略决策和策略执行活动。细化到策略执行阶段，基于品牌管理的差异化营销是解决英文期刊同质化现象最为直接的办法。差异化战略又称“别具一格战略”，是指为使企业产品、服务、企业形象等与竞争对手有明显的区别以获得竞争优势而采取的战略。这种战略的重点是创造被全行业和顾客都视为是独特的产品和服务。
1.建立品牌信誉，实现内容信息差异化。信誉是品牌的基础。没有信誉的品牌几乎没有办法去竞争。作为一本期刊，自然是“内容为王”，品牌即内容，信誉即优质内容的保持和延伸，在此基础上进行的内容信息差异化改变，主要体现在内容信息的多元化和内容组配的多样化。
英语期刊的形式需新颖、独特。内容陈旧、千篇一律、形式刻板的期刊编排格式势必会让读者感到疲倦和乏味，在市场竞争中更无优势可言。为了能够区别于同类刊物，英文期刊应从读者角度出发选择表达信息的方式。如安徽出版集团旗下的《海外英语》杂志，属英语教育类期刊，但其内容并不止局限在教育、英语专业方面，同时会刊登一些新闻信息、娱乐图片等，使读者在阅读疲劳时，可以看一些小新闻、小娱乐放松一下；再如《英语角》杂志，每期不同的欧美封面女郎给人时尚、清新的视觉享受，内容也是五花八门，信息量大且组配得当，受到读者喜爱。
2.广泛联系，获得最大化经销。上文提到，目前英文期刊的经销方式主要是零售和代售两种。但随着社会发展，市场经济多元化，读者阅读方向多元化，学习渠道也开始多元化。英文期刊的经销除了以上两种，亟须开拓新的途径，最大限度地挖掘产业链下游可能成为经销商的各类单位，努力获取其全力支持，以扩大期刊影响力和品牌声誉。
第一，与知名培训中心联营合作。目前，关于英文的学习中心几乎遍布中国各地区，“新东方”“英孚”“美康”……面对如此庞大的受众群，英文期刊可以尝试与各大英语培训中心合作，通过多种渠道促进销售，如占用其培训中心部分场所，进行售卖；以低折扣售予培训中心，由其销售等。
第二，进驻传统书店。新华书店作为我国网点最多、铺书最广的国有书店，是一个非常好的销售渠道。2012年4月，郑州市决定将全市421个期刊亭全部拆除，预示着期刊零售业的衰落和颓势。如果期刊转而能够入驻新华书店，通过书的吸引力来带动刊的销售量，那将是一件两全其美的好事。
第三，进驻分众读者聚集的场所。目前，英文期刊的受众群有白领阶层、在中国学习工作的外国人、学生等，期刊可针对不同的受众群聚集的场所放置销售，如针对白领的英文期刊可放置在星巴克、考斯特等处售卖，这种经销方式在国外已经较为普遍，我国的某些期刊已稍有涉猎，但尚未普及。
3.获取支持，构建差异化品牌。英文期刊的品牌构建可以通过集册出书的方式得以实现。目前，英文期刊会定期刊出合订本之类的图书，这样做更多的是为了原始资料的积累和传承。而为了品牌构建差异化策划的图书则不同。
该类图书需以某一个或几个重点栏目的内容资源为核心，配合加入一些新的信息资源，编成图书进行销售，这样出版的图书，可谓集精华于一身，利于读者“温故而知新”，加深读者对刊物的深刻印象，为下次订阅埋下伏笔，更重要的是，精品的推出为品牌的构建作出巨大贡献。
4.与读者零距离接触，为读者全方位服务。由于语言的局限性，英语期刊的受众群相对要比其他期刊受众小得多，为争夺本就比重很小的受众群，各刊可谓绞尽脑汁，提升期刊质量固然重要，除此之外，服务是在刊物其他条件基本相同的情况下角逐胜负的关键因素之一。具体实践中，服务的制胜体现在细节上。
第一，目前大多数英文期刊已设立网站，但都存在同样一个问题——服务不到位，信息反馈滞后。主要是业内人士没有引起足够重视，或认为纸媒依旧是最为重要的信息传输方式。但即使作为纸媒的有益补充，网媒也应利用其快捷、方便、互动、个性化等特点，对于读者的建议等给予正确、及时的回复，这样才能更好地为纸媒服务。
第二，在期刊设计编排方面，要充分考虑到读者的阅读习惯和视觉因素。如文章的字数不宜过长、版式不宜过密，如果文章偏长可以采用插图、留白等办法减缓读者的阅读频率；彩色的英语期刊所使用的颜色要适合读者长时间阅读，如浅绿，土黄等色彩，避免使用容易引起视觉疲劳的颜色，如湛蓝、亮黄等。期刊的版式设计，大多是16开的版本，同一般的学习类书目趋同，便于携带。
需要说明的是，英文期刊的品牌构建和管理是一个长期、持久的过程，而差异化是一种具有暂时性和易变性的经营策略，期刊从业者必须时时关注市场动态，深入了解同类期刊特点以及读者的阅读习惯，以期及时有效地改变经营策略，保持期刊长久的发展优势。
XXX is one of the oldest higher educational institutions in China, and one of the key universities of the province.
Since 1989, XX national awards and XXX provincial awards have been won for its excellent achievements in teaching.
Cross-disciplinary programs cover the field of agriculture, industry, basic sciences, economics, management, literature, law and iatrology.
Located in XX , one hour to XXX by train, two-hour’s trip to XXX International Airport.
from a middle class family, i was born in hsin ying, tainan on october 10th, 1965.my father is a civil official at tainan city government.my mother is a house wife good at cooking.although i am the only child of my parents, i am by no mans a spoiled one.on the contrary, i have been expected to be a successful man with advanced education.i study hard at school.besides texts knowledge,journalism is my favorite;whenever reading, my heart is filled with great joy and interesting.“being good is must;successful, however, is plus.” father adopts the idea of his father.especially in military service, i
realized it more precisely.people said: military service makes a boy to man, i agree that.i realized the importance of english and began to study
my personality alacrity is bright, the love makes friend
我的性格活泼开朗，爱交朋友
i like to read some philosophy books usually,我平常喜欢阅读一些哲理性的书籍，i love to discuss a problem with friends together,我爱和朋友们一起讨论问题，know me to feel very happy with everyone,认识大家我感到很高兴，hope in the day of aftertime to get along with everyone delectation.希望在今后的日子里与大家相处愉快。
谢谢！
I would like to apply for the post of industrial engineer，which your company offered.I feel that I am the right sort of person for the post because my qualifications and experience are really suitable for the position.I expect to graduate in July from the Department of Industrial Engineering of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology，majoring in industrial engineering.During my college years，I have worked very hard at my major courses，so as to lay a solid foundation of theoretical knowledge.As a result，I have passed all the examinations and achieved excellent academic results in major courses such as statistics，operation researches，system engineering，business management，logistics，Statistics and probability Theory，professional English，Metalworking practice，Electrical Engineering practice，Linear Algebra.Moreover I have passed CET-4 and National Computer Level Test-Rank Three.Outside classroom，I was very active and took part in different social activities.In my junior year，I served as monitor of my class，and received Advanced person of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology.Since September 2004，I worked as a part-time business controller at Angel of Ganzhou，and raised our products’ share by 48.28 percent by 2005.In addition，I worked rather actively and successfully in certain student’s societies.All those experiences contributed much to the development and promotion of my organizing and social abilities.I wish to assure you that，if successful，I would endeavor to give you every satisfaction.It would be greatly appreciated if you grant me an opportunity of an interview.At that time，I will present my credentials.I can be reached by phone at 1353*****40 or email me at laihaiyong@gmail.com
Enclosed please find a resume，a copy of the recommendation form and the official transcript，Thank you for your time and consideration
Sincerely
xiexiebang
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