定语从句重难点教学案例

2024-08-02 版权声明 我要投稿

定语从句重难点教学案例(精选8篇)

定语从句重难点教学案例 篇1

定语从句是高中英语语法教学的一个重点,也是难点。说它是重点,因为它始终贯穿于英语教学和运用中。说它是难点,是因为受母语的影响,学生经常会弄错定语从句的位置,主次不分,从而会在运用中出现一些中式英语。还有就是学生对诸多的定语从句的引导词不知如何选取。还有,以往的语法课都会让学生觉得乏味,参与性不强。鉴于以上存在的问题,我特设计了以下的课堂教学。

一、教学分析

1. 教学内容: The Attributive Clause 是语法课。主要介绍由 that, which, who, whose, whom, where, when, why,as等引导的定语从句。根据学生的实际情况和授课时间,本堂课我只让学生初步掌握that,which,who,where,when,why 引导的定语从句。

2.教材分析及处理 语法课一般都比较枯燥乏味。以往我的语法教学就是列出框框条条,从头讲到尾,到头来没有多少学生能听得懂。为了调动学生的积极性和参与性,我改变了以往的做法。我采取了以下做法:

(1)课前布置任务。以小组为单位,每个小组找出他们最喜欢的一首中文歌曲。(2)借助多媒体、录音机、光盘等辅助教学设备,使枯燥的语法教学变得有声有色。

(3)采用翻译法、探究法和学生中心教学法,设计一些合适的活动,使学生在轻松愉快的活动中了解定语从句,并学会运用定语从句。3.教学目标:

(1)知识目标:了解由which, that,who ,where ,when ,why引 导的定语从句。

(2)能力目标: 掌握和很好的运用定语从句。

(3)情感目标:了解中西方语言的不同表达方式。从而养成在学习和做事中要注意观察和比较的习惯。

4.教学重点: 1)初步了解并能准确翻译由 which, that,who ,where ,when ,why引导的定语从句。

2)判断定语从句的位置。

5.教学难点:对定语从句引导词的选择。

课堂教学过程

Step I Leading-in(5分钟)

教师先通过多媒体播放《小芳》的中文歌曲,以吸引学生的注意力,然后问: Do you like this song? Can you try to put the underlined parts into English?(附歌词)村里有个姑娘叫小芳 长得好看又善良 一双美丽的大眼睛 辫子粗又长 你和我来到小河旁 从没流过的泪水 随着小河淌 谢谢你给我的爱 今生今世我不忘怀 谢谢你给我的温柔 伴我度过那个年代

多少次我回回头看看走过的路 衷心祝福你善良的姑娘

多少次我回回头看看走过的路 你站在小河旁 在回城之前的那个晚上

让学生把划线的句子翻译出来写在黑板上。老师对有错误的地方进行纠正。并让学生就不明白的地方进行提问,并让其他学生回答。不妥之处老师再纠正。(设计说明)此活动是为进一步学习定语从句作好准备。通过学生的提问,能了解学生的不解之处,及时调整教学方式。而且通过学生的提问,能引起其他学生的注意力。激发学生的继续学习的兴趣。

然后教师再问:Can you tell me if there is any difference between the Chinese sentences and the English sentences? Why do we use “who”in the first sentence while “that/which”in the second sentence? 对学生回答不完整的地方进行纠正。说明在什么情况下需要 that,which,who,特别要强调定语从句的位置。

(设计说明)通过让学生自己发现问题来进一步激发学生的热情。使教学活动能顺利进行。

Step II 翻译活动 在屏幕上展示6个中文句子。这6个句子包含了由which, that,who ,where ,when ,why引导的定语从句。让学生自愿到黑板前把他们翻译的句子写黑板上。(10分钟)

T: Now read the sentences on the screen and try to translate them into English.(设计说明)此项活动旨在了解学生对由which,that ,who引导的定语从句的掌握情况,引出由when,where,why引导的定语从句。让学生通过自身的参与逐步掌握由which, that,who ,where ,when ,why引导的定语从句。

Step III.小结

T: Now ,can you tell me when we use “which”, “that”, “who”, “when”, “where”, “why”? 对学生回答不正确的地方进行纠正。

(设计说明)此项活动目的在于通过一些同学的活动来激发其他同学的求知欲。Step IV.歌词翻译活动(10分钟)Group work: 让每个小组派出一位代表把他们事先找好的歌词展现在屏幕上,让其他同学找出里面是否有含有定语从句的句子,如果有,请他们翻译成英语。同时,要给每组加分,以激发他们的热情。

(设计说明)此项活动目的在于培养学生获取信息的能力。通过学生的回答和教师的引导,帮助学生更好区分母语和英语在表达手段的不同。激发他们在学习中勇于探索,勇于发现的热情。同时也让他们意识到团体合作的乐趣和重要性。实行计时记分竞赛的形式,以调动课堂气氛,减轻学生的学习疲惫感。Step V Tasks(15分钟)

Task 1)(10分钟)播放英文歌曲The One You Love,让学生找出里面含有定语从句的句子,并把他们翻译成英语。采取竞赛形式,给找得最快,翻译最准确的小组加分。

(设计说明)通过此活动,让学生通过歌曲来展示自己掌握的知识。调动课堂气氛。(附歌词)Task 2)Learn to sing the song(5分钟)

教师利用多媒体或磁带播放经过选择的不同种音乐,让学生在美妙的音乐中自然而然得掌握定语从句。使语法学习变成一种快乐的体验。通过学唱,培养了学生的语感。使他们不会在运用时再出现中式英语。

Homework: Make as many sentences in your own words, by using “which”, “that”, “who”, “where”, “when”, and “why”.(说明)让学生造句,一是为了巩固所学内容,二是了解学生的最终掌握的情况,三是为定语从句的延续学习打下铺垫。

教学总结和反思

1. 通过本节课的学习,学生了解了什么是定语从句。知道了什么情况下需要which“, ”that“, ”who“, ”where“, ”when“, and ”why"等引导词。2.本节课活动和任务较多,但要注意把握活动的时间和效果。

定语从句重难点教学案例 篇2

选择关系代词还是关系副词主要看关系词在定语从句中所起的作用。

一、关系代词的用法

1. 只能用t hat引导定语从句的情况。

(1) 当先行词是指物的不定代词anything, something, nothing, all, alittle, afew, none, ay, much, the one等时。

(2) 当先行词被all, any, ever, each, few, no, some或t he very, the only, the same等修饰时。

(3) 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

(4) 当先行词既有人又有物时。

(5) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。

2. 关系代词whose的用法。

例:This is a book whose cover is blue.

=This is a book the cover of which is blue.

=This is a book of which the cover is blue.

whose既可指人也可指物。指物时, 可以与of which结构互换。指人时, 可以与of whom结构互换。

3. 关系代词as的用法。

as引导限制性定语从句常出现于the same…as, such…as, as…as, so…as中, 应特别注意的是:不能改为like。

例“Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.

偶尔t hat也可用在same后面, 这时as与t hat所表示的意义不同。

试比较:She wore the same dress that she wore at Mar y's wedding. (同一物)

She wears the same dress as her sister wears.

(同类不同物)

as引导非限制性定语从句与whi ch的用法比较。

as和whi ch都可在定语从句中做主语或宾语, 代表前面整个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前, 也可以放在主句之后甚至可以分割主句。whi ch引导非限制性定语只能放在主句之后, 另外, as常常有“正如, 正像”的含义。

例:I'm very interested in, as you know, classical music.

As you know, I'm very interested in classical music.

They remarried, which we hadn't expected.

4. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句。

在这种结构中, 关系代词若表示人就只能用whom, 若表示事物就只能用whi ch。

这结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题, 介词的选择取决于多种因素:

(1) 动词与介词的搭配。

(2) 名词与介词的搭配。

(3) 形容词与介词的搭配。

例:He has found a good job for which he is qualified. (qualify…for…使…具有…资格)

This was the house in which we use to live.

He bought t he cell phone for more than 3, 000 yuan about which his father was angry.

从定语从句中, 关系副词=介词+which

例:This is the room where we lived last year.

=This is the room in which we lived last year.

二、定语从句需注意的事项

1.what, how不引导定语从句。

2.way做先行词时, 常用that/in which引导, 也可省略。point, situation等做先行词时, 如果定语从句中不缺主、宾或表语时通常由where引导。如果缺少则由which/t hat引导。

3.主谓一致问题。

关系代词在定语从句中做主语时, 定语从句的单复数形式与先行词一致, 需特殊注意的是:“one of+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用复数形式。“the (only/very) one of+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用单数形式。

4.that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别。

连词that引导的同位语从句时, 应在某些抽象名词之后, 如fact, news, hope等, 对前面的名词起补充说明的作用, 此时连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用, 在从句中不担当任何成分, 因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的, 不缺少任何的成分。

关系代词that引导定语从句时, 关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用, 另一方面, that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此that引导的定语从句是残缺的。

例:We heard the news that pleased ever ybody. (that充当了主语, 定语从句)

We heard the news that our team had won. (that只起引导作用, 不担当任何成分, 同位语从句)

5.定语从句与状语从句的区别。

when, where引导状语从句时, 前面没有表地点的先行词。

6.定语从句与强调句式的区别。

在强调句型中, 去掉it is和that/who句子仍然成立, 但是定语从句不可。

例:Was it what she said or somet hingt hat she did that you were angry at so much?

7.注意成分的残缺。

试比较:Is this fact ory the one that you visited last week?

定语从句难点解析 篇3

摘要:英语高考必有的语法考查知识点之一就是定语从句。定语从句难就难在需要特殊注意的要点比较繁琐,而且跟其他从句容易混淆,不易辨别。为了比较容易地辨析定语从句,本文就定语从句的难点进行了解析。

关键词:定语从句;相关术语;解析

定语从句是整个高中英语教学课程的重点,也是高考必有的语法考查知识点。虽说平时对其的专题练习不少,但当考试时,学生还是失分较多,不得要领。实际上定语从句难就难在需要特殊注意的要点比较繁琐,而且跟其他从句容易混淆,不易辨别。所以我就定语从句的重难点进行解析,以期对各位读者能有所帮助。

一般做题之前要分析句子;对于难句子要把握好句子的成分,先把主干理出来,然后对照从句,看从句是名词性的还是形容词性的,如果是形容词性的就是定语从句了。定语从句一般都用来修饰主句中名词性成分。

重点分析:

一、定语从句及相关术语

1. 定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。它是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句两种。

关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1. 引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二、具体分析

(A)限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句与主句的关系很紧凑,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。

(B)非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,非限制性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点“,”隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限制性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限制性定语从句。另外,非限制性定语从句在中文译文里,which引导的非限制性定语从句用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分,所以我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。

具体举例分析:

要注意区分以下两个句子的不同。

(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)

注:①限制性定语从句与②非限制性定语从句之间的区别:

1. 形式上。①不用逗号和主句隔开,②用逗号和主句隔开

2. 意义上。①是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除,②是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整

3. 译法上。①翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…”,②通常翻译成主句的并列句

4. 关系词的使用上。限定性定语从句:A.作宾语时可省略B.可用that C.可用who代替whom;非限定性定语从句:A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不用who代替whom。

(C)关系词:分为关系代词和关系副词两类。

1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在原来的位置

2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表事物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导关系代词引导的定语从句

具体举例分析:

(a)关系代词引导定语从句。

1. who指人,在从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略。

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指事物,在从句中作主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

如果在从句中作宾语,就用whom或who。比如:

He is the man whom/who I talk to.

如果在从句中作主语就只能用who。比如:

He is the man who has an English book.

4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在从句中作主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略。

The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替:

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

(b) 关系副词引导的定语从句。

1. when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

The time when we got together finally came.

2. where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai is the city where I was born.

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。

The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

(c)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导。

The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

The school in which he once studied is very famous.

Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等。

This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose。

The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词。

He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

(d) as和which引导的定语从句。

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:

1. as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。

He married her, as/which was natural.

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思。

As is known to all, China is a developing country.

John, as you know, is a famous writer.

He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.

注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which。

Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时,常用as。

He is not such a fool as he looks.

This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意:当先行词由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。

She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

4. 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略。

The way in which/that he answered the question was surprising.

5. but有时也可以作关系词引导定语从句。

There are very few but understand his idea. (but=who dont)

难点分析:

一、限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况:

1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。

Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

All that can be done has been done.

There is little that I can do for you.

注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who。

Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰:

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时:

This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时:

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who。

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时:

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时:

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

二、区分定语从句和同位语从句

1. 定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系。

The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句

The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句

2. 定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不充当成分;句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分。

The news he told me is true.

The news that he has just died is true.

The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以。

The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.

The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

定语从句教学设计 篇4

一.情景设置。我口头描述班里的人或事物,让学生听后作出反应和回答。

S:She is a girl who won the most medals in the last sports meeting ? T:Wang Fang.S: Right.Another one.It is a book that can tell you the meaning of the new words? S: Dictionary.二:学生活动。1)游戏规则:一个学生描述班里的人或事物,其他学生竟猜。

2)四人一组活动,“你讲我猜”,然后派代表讲给全班同学猜。

3)我将事先准备好的图画、照片、有文字的卡片展示给学生,让一同学描述,其他同学猜。eg:The city that will hold the 29th Olympic Games? He is the first Chinese who travelled in a spaceship?

学生对这几种活动都特别感兴趣,积极参与,在快乐的气氛中就把定语从句掌握了。

三:书面练习。为了进一步巩固定语从句,我出了一写相关的跟踪练习。并结合练习把该讲的地方讲一讲,这样学生就能熟练应用了。

英语语法教学设计

(形容词、副词的比较级和最高级)

一、教学设计思路

本节课采用任务型教学,借助多媒体等教学辅助手段进行,难度不大,教学过程始终以学生为主体,灵活运用多种教学方式完,列如,学习难度小时,由学生个体完成,学习难度大时,学生结成小组合作完成。同时,注意各环节之间的衔接。整节课教学内容以形容词、副词的比较级为主体。最后学生合作练习,再次突出了本课的主题,总结并巩固了本节课的学习内容。

通过本节课学习,要求学生学会用形容词的比较级和最高级对两种以或两种以上的事物进行比较;从而掌握一些单音节形容词,双音节词,多音节,形容词的比较级和最高级。

二、教学目的

(1)学习和掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方法。

(2)通过各种活动,使学生掌握并熟练运用形容词的比较级和最高级。

(3)通过自主学习和合作学习,使学生懂得合作的重要性,学会与他人相处。

三、教学重点和难点

(1)教学重点:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。

(2)教学难点:形容词比较级在句子中的运用。

四、教学过程(Teaching process)

Step1:让学生观察三个学生,引导学生描述这三个学生。1.Li Hua is tall.Li Lei is taller than Li Hua.He Qiang is taller than Li Lei.So He Qiang is the tallest.2.He Qiang is short.Li Lei is shorter than He Qiang Li Hua is shorter than Li Lei.So Li Hua is the shortest.Step2:[利用课件]总结The Super lative of Adjects and Adverbs(重点为Adjectives)。

1、The third tower is the tallest of the three(tall)

2、The last apple is the biggest of all(big)

3、The palace is the nicest building(nice)

4、These elephants are the heaviest(heavy)

5、The hamburger is the most delicious(delicious)

Step3:归纳形容词最高级变化规律(副词的变化随后会触类旁通)step4:运用动画图像让学生描述家庭之最: Step5:用最高级描述班级之最:

eg1:Wen Gang is the tallest and Wang Fei is the nicest.eg2:Li Ping studies best and Pan Fei runs fastest.Step6:(小组协作)运用动画图片描述中国之最和世界之最: The Chang jiang River(the longest),Qumulangma(the highest).Taiwan Island.(the biggest), Xing Jiang

province(the largest population),The Eiffel Tower.(the most famous)

五、板书设计

tall-taller short-shorter tall-tallest short-shortest。Step7作业:以班上同学的身高为题材做比较,作为下节课前的“free talk”材料。

Step8小结:根据个人及各小组互动情况总结本节课的教学内容。

六、教学反思

1、学生的生活经历作为英语交流的素材,可以巧妙展现生活情景,让学生在情景中学英语,给学生创造英语实践的环境。

2、用课件生动形象,贴近学生的生活实际,激发学生的学习兴趣,燃起学生的热情和激情。

走出定语从句教学误区 教学反思 篇5

一、重视构成形式,忽视内涵本质

有些教师在讲授定语从句时,总是一味强调它的构成和形式,而对于它的内涵及与主句的关系却讲的很少。因而学生的理解是:只要先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,引导定语从句的肯定是关系副词when, where和why。其他先行词则由关系代词which和that引导。针对这种情况,我们教师在讲定语从句时一定要仔细分析一下定语从句的含义。不要一见到先行词是时间或者地点名词就用when或where引导,而应看看引导词在定语从句中应作什么成份。如果作时间、地点或原因状语才能用when,where和why。也可以分析一下定语从句中是否有主语或宾语。如果既有主语又有宾语,可以用when, where或why引导;假若没有主语和宾语,那么就要考虑是否用that或which来引导了。

如:A. Do you still remember the day(when)we met?

B. Do you remember the day (which/that) we spent with professor Li in Xi’ an?

这两句话里都含有表示时间的先行词“the day”。那么,我们试着分析一下:A句从句中有主语“We”,也有不及物动词“met”,因而,我们可以说先行词“the day”既没有作该从句的主语,也没有作宾语,因此只能用关系副词when引导,相当于“on which”也就是“on the day”的意思。而B句中主语是“we”,宾语没有在“spent”后出现。由于“spent”是个及物动词,故其引导词只能用在从句中充当宾语的关系代词“which”或“that”来引导了。类似的例子还有:

C. This is the place we visited last year.

(Where、which、to which、by which). 这是我去年参观的地方。(which是关系代词作宾语,指物)

D. we will visit the place he worked three years ago.

(where、which、that、which) 我们将参观他三年前工作的地方。(where是关系副词作状语)。

E. I went to Beijing last year, I visited the Great Wall.

(when、where、which、that) 我去年去了北京,在那儿我参观了长城。在这句话里where也是关系副词作状语。但从形式上看主句和从句用逗号隔开,从内容上看从句对先行词作了补充说明而不是修饰限制。因此它是一个非限制性定语从句。(注意限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别)

二、重视整体概念,忽视细节要求

当关系代词引导一个定语从句并且在从句中充当宾语时,该从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词;如果不是,就要在该动词后加上相应介词。如果关系代词为which或whom,则要将介词放在which或whom前。可是这一细节要求常常被老师和学生忽视。注意下面的句子;

A. This is the book (that) I have learned a lot from.

B. This is the book from which I have learned a lot.

上面两个句子意思都是“这就是那本让我获益非浅的书”,但由于第二句由关系代词which引导,介词from必须放在which之前。

C. Do you know the man (that) she was talking to?

D. Do you know the man to whom she was talking?

你认识和她说话的那个人吗?C句中的to常常被有些同学去掉,而D句中的to常常被他们忘掉。

E. The house (that) he is living in is now a shop.

F. The house in which he is living is now a shop.

他现在居住的房子现在是一个商店。道理同上。

G. The fellow (that) I spoke to made no answer.

H. The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer.

和我说话的那个小伙子没作任何回答。和C句和D句一样,注意to的位置。

三、只见一叶障目,不见一片森林

定语从句中关系代词who指人,是主格,在从句中做主语;whom是宾格,在从句中作宾语;whose是所有格,在从句中作定语,是定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词,意为“……的”,既可以指人,也可以指物。然而,有些老师只告诉学生whose意为“谁的”。如:

A. He is talking with the girl whose brother is my classmate.

他正在和那个弟弟是我同学的女孩说话。

B. This is the boy whose father is our English teacher.

这就是那个父亲是我们英语教师的男孩。

可是,一旦whose出现在这样的句字里,学生就不知所云。如:

C. He lives in a house whose window opens to the south. 他住在一间窗户朝南开的房子里。(whose意为“房子的”)

I have just bought a new bike whose color is white.

我刚买了一辆白颜色的自行车。(whose意为“新自行车的”)

有些人认为whose的意思是“谁的”,只能表示人的所属关系,这是一种错误的认识,应该纠正过来。

四、重视机械接受,缺乏机动灵活

that与which都可以修饰表示物的先行词。于是,只要一见到表示物的先行词,学生都用这两个关系代词引导。殊不知,有些情况下只能用that引导,不能用which;有些情况下只能用which引导,不能用that。

1. 先行词为all、everything、something、anything、nothing时只能用that引导。

A. Please tell me all (that) you know.

请告诉我你所知道的一切。

B. I’ll tell you everything (that) I saw in the United States.

我会把在美国看到的事情告诉你。

C. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.

我想告诉一件使你感到惊奇的事。

D. Is there anything (that) I can do for you?

有什么需要帮忙的吗?

E. There is nothing that has to be done today.

今天没有任何事情可做。

2. 先行词被数词,最高级形容词以及the very、the only、the last等修饰时只能用that引导。

A. The first student that put up hands was Zhang ping.

第一个举手的是张萍。

B. Agriculture was the most important invention that led to the beginning of civilization.

农业是导致文明开始的最重要的发明。

C. This is the very pen (that) he is looking for.

这正是他在寻找的钢笔。

D. That is the only English book (that) he bought from the bookstore yesterday.

这就是他昨天从书店买的唯一的那本书。

3.先行词中既有人又有物时只能用that引导

A. Henry and his dog that appeared in street last week disappeared mysteriously in the forest yesterday.

亨利和他的小狗上周还在街上,昨天又神秘地消失在树林里。

B. we were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.

我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。

4. 先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。

A. It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.

这是本对你很有帮助的字典。

B. He is no longer the man that he was in our university.

他再也不是我们大学时的他了。

5.关系代词前有介词时不用that。

This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.

这就是我十年前住过的房子。

6. 先行词本身是that时不用that。

I will tell you that which he said yesterday.

我会告诉你他昨天说的话。

7.引导非限制性定语从句时不用that。

A. I have lost my mobile phone, which is bought by my father.

我丢了手机,那是我爸爸为我买的。

B. She entered a new vocational and technical college, which made her mother very happy.

她上了一所新职业技术学院,这使她母亲非常高兴。

五、拘泥课本知识,缺少训练创新

讲授定语从句时不能只局限于课本上的讲解,还应让学生拓宽知识面,多练习、多积累、多。比如象as,我们只知道它可以引导原因状语从句、时间状语从句和方式状语从句。然而,有时它也可与“which”一样,引导一个非限制性定语从句代表主句所要表达的内容。

A. She was ill yesterday, which made her mother very worried.

她昨天病了,这使她母亲非常担心。

B. She was patient towards the children, which made them very excited.

她很耐心地对待这些孩子,这使他们非常激动。

C. Eating too much, as is well known, is not good for our health. (as译为“正如”)

正如大家所知道的那样,吃的过多对我们的健康不好。

D.He opposed the idea, as could be expected.

正如所预料那样,他反对这个观点。

以上四个例子中,which与as均代表主句所表达的内容。

高中定语从句教学设计[模版] 篇6

1、了解定语从句的位置、结构以及翻译;

2、学习并掌握定语从句的规则,尤其是关系代词的选择。ii.teaching points:(教学重点)

1、定语从句,先行词以及关系代词的概念;

2、关系代词的选择。

iii.teaching methods:(教学方法)

1、歌曲引入法,小魔术引导法;

2、举例讲解,说明定语从句的用法;

3、以讲练结合的方法加深学生印象。iv.teaching steps:(教学步骤)step one: lead-in(导入)

firstly,enjoy the music “take me to your heart”.t: what’s the name of the song? ss: it is take me to your heart.t: do you like the song whose name is take me to your heart? ss: i like the song whose name is take me to your heart very much.secondly, show the students your favorite sentence:“ all i need is someone who makes me wanna sing.do you know how to sing this sentence? 引出这句你最爱的歌词,具体是什么样的句型结构,留个悬念,大家拭目以待!最后揭晓。step two: 引入定语从句概念

老师拿出两根绳子,要求学生想个办法将两根绳子合二为一,学生提出各种方案,由此引出重要的概念:定语从句,先行词,关系词。

在复合句中作定语,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句通常置于先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词主要有关系代词(who, whom, which, that, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。注意:本堂课重点讲解关系代词的选择。eg2: harry porter is a boy.harry porter has magic power.harry porter is a boy who has magic power.(哈利波特是个有魔法的男孩.)step three: 详细讲解定语从句语法知识

1.以实例分析定语从句的结构,进一步强调定语从句,先行词以及关系词的概念;

2.列出常用关系词,主要是关系代词。表格展示。说明如果关系词在从句中

做宾语,可以省略; 3.关系词的选择:(1)确定先行词;(2)关系词所替代的先行词是指人还是

指物;(3)关系词在从句中所充当的成分; 4.实例巩固;

5.游戏:a guessing game 根据描述猜人(姚明)。然后根据中文简介,自己

练习使用定语从句;

6.定语从句的翻译。不管引导词是哪一个,都翻译为“„„的”; 7.基础练习关系词的选择;

8.attention: 虽然that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情

况下, 只用that不用which。

(1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。

(2)先行词是序数词、最高级或被序数词、最高级修饰时。

(3)先行词被the only, the very(恰恰), the same, the last修饰时。(4)先行词同时含有人和物时。9.have a try!练习巩固; 10.高考链接。

summary:(小结)让学生自己进行总结,老师适时给出一定的引导。homework:(作业)1.预习关系副词的使用;

2.每人造五个定语从句的例句,可以描述人,物体以及事情。teaching reflection:(教学反思)总的来说整堂课的气氛基本达到我的预想,教学内容也得以输出。但是却未能准确把握上课时间,由于内容偏多,导致后半节课有些许赶进度,这就影响了整个教学效果,我想这是经验不够的缘故。此外,课件部分的声效似乎不是非常适合,有些过于突兀。但还是要给自己鼓励,因为没有出现预想的紧张等情绪。继续努力!篇二:高中英语定语从句精华版教学案

定语从句

导入:

e.g.she is a beautiful girl.she is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy.(一)定语从句定义

1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,2.先行词:被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。

关系代词的种类:

关系代词that, which, who, whose, 关系副词: when, where, why 4.定语从句结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。

1.there she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2.in japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.4.the park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of asia.5.visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6.oprah winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定语从句分类

限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,对先行词起修饰限定

作用,从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它,则句义显得不完整,一般不用逗号隔开。

非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词关系松散,用

逗号隔开。

1.the man who gave me this book is tom.(限定性)2.tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate(非限定性)

(三)关系代词 1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语,口语中可做宾语;that 也可指人,但多用 who.e.g.the man who is sitting under the tree is a german.2.whom指人,在句中做宾语,可省略,但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不

能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。

e.g.the man(whom)you look for has left.i know the girl(whom)the teacher is speaking to.i know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking.3.whose, 作定语,可指人或物

e.g.everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.they are the lazy students whose homework wasn‘t handed in.针对练习

2011全国卷i)the prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.a.that b.which c.whose d.what 2011the school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.a.whichb.whosec.when d.where 3.〖10山东〗that‘s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.a.thatb.whichc.whosed.what 4.〖10陕西〗the old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.a.where b.which c.its d.whose 5.〖10北京〗children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.a.what b.whose c.whichd.that 6.〖10重庆〗in china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.a.whereb.whichc.whosed.that 7.〖09天津〗a person ______ e-mail account is full won‘t be able to send or receive any e-mails.a.who b.whom c.whosed.whoever8.〖09安徽〗many children, parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. a.theirb.whose c.of themd.with whom 9.〖09湖南〗i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.a.which b.of which c.that d.whose 4.that 指人或物,多指物,作主语(不能省略)或宾语(可省略)this is a plant that grows in the north.5.which ,指物,在句中做主语(不能省略),或宾语(可省略)。e.g.this is a plant which grows in the north.? 常用that不用which的情况

只能that用做关系代词的情况(共9种类型)。

1.当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时,只用that。歌诀助记:不定代词这路货,全用that准没错。pay attention to everything that i do.2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,只用that。

歌诀助记:先行词前被限定,千万不要用which.this is the best novel(that)have read.3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时,关系代词用that。歌诀助记:两项并列人与物,引导定从用that.they were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.4.当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修饰时。this is the last time that i shall give you a lesson.5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。which of the students that knows something about history.6.当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时,只用that。he has little time that he can spare.7.当被修饰的成分是数词时,(被修饰成分是代名词one,指人时除外)只用that.i‘ve got one that you might be interested in.(3)用which,不用that的情况

①引导非限制性定语从句。

e.g.football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球,它是一项有趣的运动。

carol said the work would be done by october, which personally i doubt very much.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做,对此我个人表示怀疑。dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy.桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色,这当然使别人不高兴。

②直接放在介词后作宾语时。a.whichb.wherec.when d.as 2011the old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.a.they b.where c.what d.that a.which b.wherec.what d.who a.who b.wherec.when d.which 5.〖10全国ⅱ〗i refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else‘s fault.a.whob.that c.asd.what

(四)关系副词 1.when 指时间

(1)在定语从句中作状语,先行词主要为一些时间名词(year ,day ,time,week 等),但时间名词在从句中作主语,宾语时,应用that,which,不能用when 做主语 i‘ll never forget the time 作状语 做主语

做宾语

he rememberes the days when he spent much money on stories.(2)it is the first time that „句型中,that是习惯用法,不用when。e.g.it is the first time that i have been to the great wall.2.where 指地点

(1)指前面的地点,在从句中作状语。

e.g.i know the factory where i worked twenty years ago.(2)指地点,在句中作主语,宾语时不能用where,须用that/which.e.g.this is the house where he has lived for 20 years.this is the house that he has lived in for 20 years.e.g.this is the shool {in which /where we study every year.this is the shool that /which we visited yesterday.注:有时when ,where 相当于“介词+at/in +which ”.e.g.he left the room where /in which he lived last year.(3)当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词 3.why表示原因

―the reason why „.that„.‖中,不能用because 代替that.the reason why he didn‘t attend the meeting is that he was ill.但reason 在从句中做宾语时,关系代词用that/which ,课省略 e.g.i don‘t believe the reason(which/that)he gave me.关系副词针对性练习

2011between the two parts of the concert is an interval(间隔;幕间, 休息时间;距离), _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.a.when b.where c.that d.which 2011whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.a.when b.which c.where d.while 2011a bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.a.when b.that c.where d.there 2011the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.a.that b.when c.since d. berore 2011i walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.a.whichb.wherec.who d.that 6.〖10福建〗stephen hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.a.that b.where c.which d.whose 7.〖10江西〗the girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.a whereb who c which d what 8.〖10天津〗-----can you believe i had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-----you should try the barber‘st‘s only 15.a.as b.which c.where d.that 10.〖09四川〗she‘ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before.a.that b.which c.where d.when 11.〖09福建〗it‘s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.a.that b.when c.whichd.where 12.〖09浙江〗i have reached a point in my life ______ i am supposed to make decisions of my own.a.which b.wherec.how d.why a.whyb.what c.that d.where 14.〖09北京〗—what do you think of teacher, bob?

—i find it fun and challenging.it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.a.where b.whichc.when d.that 15.〖08北京〗i‘ll give you my friend‘s home address, i can be reached most evenings.a.which b.when c.whom d.where 16.〖08安徽〗all the neighbors admire this family, like a friend. a.why b.where c.which d.that a.where b.when c.who d.which 18.〖08重庆〗they will fly to washington, a.where b.therec.which d.when 19.〖08山东〗occasionsi have the time to spend a day with my kids.a.who b.which c.whyd.when

(五).“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时,往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前,构成“介词+关系代词(whom/which)”结构。但一些短语东西如look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开,故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时: 篇三:高中英语语法教学设计 定语从句

高中英语语法教学设计:定语从句讲解与练习

定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常

出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有:when, where, why等。18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:

is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如: they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如: there are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。beijing is the place where(in which)i was born.北京是我的出生地。

is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介+which引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:

his father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

he is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。ill never forget the days when i worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错:

(错)this is the mountain village where i visited last year.(错)i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.(对)this is the mountain village(which)i visited last year.(对)ill never forget the days(which)i spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1.is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? a.where b.that c.on which d.the one 例2.is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.a.where b.that c.on which d.the one 答案:例1 d,例2 a 例1变为肯定句: this museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: this is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选d。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选a。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)。18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:

this is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:

charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理?史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:

he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。18.5 介词+关系词

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:

this is the house in which i lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。this is the house where i lived two years ago.do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:

as we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题

1)alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.a.it b.that c.which d.he 答案c.此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)the weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.a.what b.which c.that d.it 答案b。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3)it rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..a.that b.which c.as d.it 答案b.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:

(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。

(2)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为b。as 的用法

例1.the same„as;such„as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和„„一样„„。例如: i have got into the same trouble as he(has).我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。

例2.as可引导非限制性从句,常带有正如。例如:

as we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。as is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.as是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。

18.7 先行词和关系词二合一

1)whoever spits in public will be punished here.(whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)the parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever 1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如: what you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送来了。

whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么,跟我没什么关系。

“四招”使定语从句教学走向高效 篇7

一、“游戏法”理解概念。

奥苏伯尔的有意义学习的核心是学生能否习得新知识, 而这又主要取决于他们已有认知结构。只有通过新、旧知识的相互促进, 以旧促新, 以新带旧, 有意义学习才得以发生。根据这一理论, “温故而知新”在学习定语从句时应重视。那么, 如何才能有效地让学生“温故而知新”, “游戏法”是不错的选择。

如通过做“I describe、you guess”的游戏, 理解定语从句的概念和用法, 利于激发学生学习的兴趣, 调动学生积极性、主动性, 引发学生创新思维。痛过例子:她是一位学生。女的、漂亮的、留着长头发的、不戴眼镜的、穿红衣服的等, 通过一步步的修饰限定, 让这位女同学的形象更加清晰, 学生逐渐判断出所指是谁。这种“我来描述, 你来猜”的游戏引入, 旨在形容词充当定语, 起到限定、修饰的作用, 并放在被修饰词之前。

接下来, 什么叫定语从句、关系词和先行词等专业术语是学习定语从句不容忽视的。可以通过一个例子She is a student ____she is beautiful来具体说明。这个句子由两部分构成:主句是She is a student, she is beautiful修饰student, 而she is beautiful是个句子, 因而是定语从句。这两个句子之间的这个单词起到连接两个句子的作用是关系词, 被修饰的成分叫先行词。也可以用汉语直译法, 理解什么叫先行词。

二、“竞赛法”把握关系词用法。

竞赛法是课堂上常用的方法之一, 可以充分调动学生的参与意识和竞争意识。根据历年来的经验, 沿袭传统的教授法讲授关系词分为关系代词和关系副词, 教师讲的口干舌燥、学生听得昏昏欲睡, 教师教得辛苦、学生学得疲惫不堪。

又根据金字塔学习理论, 教师讲学生听, 记忆效果只能达到5%, 而适用“兵教兵”方式, 记忆效果高达95%。因此, 不妨采用小组合作方式, 一组5个人, 由组长负责组织组员一起学习、探究关系词的分类和使用, 然后先研究会的、准确率高的小组获胜, 并给予加分。学生有了竞争机制, 学习兴趣浓厚, 会主动地投入到学习中。

三、“三步法”使用关系词。

众所周知, 学习定语从句最关键的是关系词的使用。如何正确使用关系词是高考考查的重点, 也是学生学习的难点之一。有了学生自主探究、合作交流的基础, 再结合“一寻二析三选”“三步法”点拨如何让学生正确使用关系词, 则可以使定语从语的教学走向高效迈开步伐。

“一寻”就是寻找关键词;“二析”就是分析关系词在从句中的作用;“三选”就是准确选择、做出判断。这“三步法”不可忽略任何一个步骤, 否则“, 拔苗助长”, 欲速则不达。

如The girl ___wears a red coat is beautiful. 首先找到关键词, 即先行词, 不难看出, 这个句子的先行词是girl, 指人, 在主句中做主语;接下来, 分析从句, 重点是关系词在从句中的作用, 很明显, 这里所要填的关系词在从句中做wears a red coat的主语;最后根据做主语用关系代词who或that, 而判定填who或that都可以。

同样, 对于关系副词when、why、where引导的定语从句, 也可以用“三步法”进一步进行点拨, 以起精讲之功效。

四、“精练”突破难点。

从事高中英语教学的英语教师恐怕都有同感:使用关系代词还是关系副词, 是定语从句的难以攻克的碉堡。

1.“比较法”判断关系代词与关系副词。用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: (1) I shall never forget the days ___I spent in the factory. (2) I shall never forget the days ___I worked in the factory. 可以让学生观察这两个句子, 分析其不同点, 找出解决问题的出路;也可以引导学生利用“三步法”分析这两个句子。第一个句子, 关系词在从句中做spend的宾语;而第二个句子关系词在从句中做状语, 因为work是不及物动词。因此, 怎么填, 不言而喻。

2.“快速反应法”判断正误, 强化知识点。语法课一般枯燥无味、学生会昏昏欲睡、味如嚼蜡。因此, 语法课上不妨多采用上文提到的“游戏法”、“竞争法”等, 以调动学生的积极性和主动性, 也可以用“快速反应法”。心理学研究表明:人只有精力高度集中于某一件事时, 才能做得最好。否则, “事倍功半”。因此, 学习定语从句时, “快速反应法”不妨一试。可以设计T/F练习, 也可以是汉译英、英译汉练习、也可以设计填关系代词或关系副词的练习, 练习的设计题型应富于变换, 兼具有针对性, 以达到巩固之功效。

定语从句在高中英语教学中居重中之重地位, 如何高效地进行定语从句的教学, 仁者见仁、智者见智, 在这里只是抛砖引玉, 希望各位同仁在教学中不断探讨行之有效的方法, 打造更加精彩的课堂, 让每一节课都精彩纷呈。

参考文献

[1]郑鑫.高中英语定语从句教学[J].语数外学习.2013 (5) .

高中英语定语从句教学浅议 篇8

一、弄清概念,分清位置

这里主要是指先行词、关系词和定语从句的概念和三者的位置。①先行词,即被修饰的词。它包括名词、名词词组或代词。例如SheisthewomanwhomIsawyesterday.中thewoman为先行词。②关系词。关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词中who(主语)、whom(宾语)和that(主语和宾语)指人,即先行词是人时,根据实际情况任选一个。例如TheoldmanwholivesinBeijingismyuncle.中关系代词who代替先行词theoldman。关系代词which(主语或宾语)、that(主语或宾语)和whose(定语)指人或指物。例如:Mr.Wanglosthisphonewhich/thathiswifegavehisasabirthdaygift.Doyouknowtheboywhosebrotherisourmonitor?Ilikethehousewhosewindowsarefacingsouth.关系副词有when(时间)、where(地点)和why(原因),它们在句子中做状语。③定语从句。定语从句在句子中作定语,修饰先行词。

二、弄清关系,分清先后

教学中,教师需通过具体的例子来引导学生掌握关系代词与先行词和定语从句之间的关系。

1.关系代词who指人,在从句中作主语。例如:

Myuncleisanactorwhooftenactsactionmovies.(who在从句中作主语,代替先行词anactor)

2.关系代词whom指人,在从句中作宾语,whom可以省略。例如:

Heisateacher(whom)mostofstudentslike.(whom在从句中作宾语,代替先行词ateacher)

3.关系代词that指人,也可以指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。例如:

Thisisthebag(that)mymotherboughtyesterday.(that在从句中作宾语,先行词bag是物)

掌握了上述三种基本关系,在教学中,凡再遇到类似的句型时,教师及时指出并试着引导学生进行分析,长期坚持,学生一定能根据关系而分清定语从句的基本句型。

三、找准代词,分清省略

先行词作介词宾语。作介词宾语的关系代词有whom,whose,which等;介词后面的关系词不能省略,并且that前不能有介词。如果学生在学习中不能分清先行词做介词宾语的关系代词,也就无法对整个句子做出判断。对于介词后面的关系词不能省略,that前不能有介词则需要通过例子来进行分析。例如:

Yunanistheplaceinwhichshewasborn.(which作in的宾语)

ThebeautifulgirlwithwhomItalkedismygirlfriend.(whom作with的宾语)

四、关系副词,合理搭配

在定语从句中常见的关系副词有when、where和why。关系副词在定语从句中作状语。when作时间状语,where作地点状语,why作原因状语。它相当于“介词+which”的结构。介词的用法要与先行词和定语从句的谓语动词合理搭配。因此,如果学生混淆了when、where和why的搭配结构,自然会出错。

1.when相当于at/in/on/during+which。例如:

Isthisthedaywhen/onwhichIvisitedthemuseum?(when或onwhich作visited的时间状语)

2.where相当于in/at/on+which。例如:

Pleaseputthebookonthedeskwhere/onwhichmysoncaneasilyfindit.(where或onwhich作find的地点状语)

3.why相当于for+which。例如:

Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichshedidn??tcometoschool.(why或forwhich作didn??tcometoschool的原因状语)

在具体的教学实践中,教师可以将三种不同的情况进行具体分析,在教学案例中点出,让学生在遇到问题时提出来进行分析,也可以采用讨论交流的形式进行具体的案例分析尝试。

五、限制与否,决定性质

定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:

Thedearcoatthat/whichIboughtlastweek.

Thedearcoat,whichIboughtlastminth,isverybeautiful.

需要注意的是,关系代词that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。

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