考研英语写作之经典短文背诵（精选6篇）
Directions:
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1)describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.分析：
这又是一组对比的组图，非常简单明了。两张图的大背景都是暴风雨交加的恶劣天气，在左边的图中，花朵在温室中绚烂地开放；而右图中，同样的一朵花在离开了温室之后就黯然凋谢了。组图题为“温室花朵经不起风雨”，考生稍加分析就可以发现该图并不只是谈论花朵，而更是指向了我们平时所说的“祖国的花朵”们，也就是孩子们，这就自然而然地和社会问题联系在了一起。中国在实施了计划生育之后，独生子女们成为了家里的“小皇帝”、“小公主”，受到全家人的百般呵护，从小就在蜜罐中长大。这些孩子们人生道路几乎都是一帆风顺，没有经历过大的困难和挫折，因此一旦离开了父母的保护，就很容易由于经不起各种社会现实的打击而一蹶不振。通过这番分析，我们就可以得出文章的主要论点，即受到过分溺爱的孩子们经不起挫折和逆境。
思路拓展：
独生子女成长的问题在很大程度上牵涉到了中国的教育制度和教育方法等全方位的问题。我们可以联想到现阶段在教育界存在的其他热点问题，如传统灌输教育和素质教育之间的关系、孩子的学习和娱乐之间的关系、学生们的全面发展问题、教育费用和教育负担的问题、教育质量的问题、城乡教育制度差别的问题、教育公平性问题等等。这些问题都是平时政府、民众和媒体非常关注的问题，考生借助自己的大学生活背景也能够了解许多相关的情况。应该说，教育类的话题对于考生说是一个比较熟悉、也相对比较简单容易的话题。
范文：
As the title indicates, “greenhouse flowers cannot survive unpleasant weather”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that excessive protection only leads to negative results.When a flower blossoms in the greenhouse despite of the external rain and thunder, it withers immediately once being moved out of its cozy haven.Children in China are always compared to “the flowers of our motherland”.It is alarming that a large portion of them are in danger of experiencing a similar misfortune to the flower in the picture.This is partly attributed to the birth of a generation of “only children”, who are quite pampered and spoiled by their parents.Leading a life full of success, love and sweetness, these children are quite ignorant of failure, hardship, and the taste of tears that abound in real life.Therefore, when they leave home, they might be overly sensitive to frustration and easily suffer depression that prevents them from a happy and promising future.This type of child is not what we hope for the future of our country.On the contrary, we need to nurture a generation that is fully prepared for independent life, so that it is ready to confront any challenge, adapt to changes of environment, and survive the heated competition in today’s world.译文：
正如该图的题目所显示的那样，“温室里的花朵经不起风雨”，这组图画清楚地告诉我们过度的保护只会导致负面的结果。当外面打雷下雨的时候，一朵花却能在温室中生机勃勃地开放。可是一旦离开了这个舒适的避难所来到外面的时候，这朵花立刻就凋谢了。
在中国，孩子经常被比作“祖国的花朵”。但是，令人担忧的是很多孩子有可能经历图中花朵的不幸。部分原因可以归结为“独生子女”一代的出生，这些孩子都被他们的父母惯坏了。他们的生活中只充满了成功、爱和甜蜜，而他们都不懂什么是失败、艰难，也很少尝过眼泪的滋味，但是实际生活中却是充满了失败、艰难和眼泪的。因此，他们可能会对挫折过于敏感、也很容易及沉湎于忧郁，使他们在踏入社会以后没有一个幸福和充满前景的未来。
这一类孩子决不是我们国家未来需要的人才。相反，我们需要培育一代能够独立生活的孩子，他们随时准备面对任何挑战、随时适应环境的变化、并能够在现代社会的激烈竞争中生存下来。
闪光词汇及词组：
excessive: adj.过度的，过分的 blossom: v.开花
external: adj.外部的 wither: v.枯萎
cozy: adj.舒适的，安逸的 haven: n.避难所
a large portion of: 很大一部分
misfortune: n.不幸，灾祸
abound in: 富于
nurture: v.教育，养育
万能句型：
The set of pictures apparently reminds us that…
This partly attributes to…
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:
1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then 3)state your points of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.不对，我的标准答案是2+1=3，扣十分
范文：
As is described in the drawing, a student fails in a knowledge competition simply because his answer to one question, though being 100% correct, is not exactly the same as the so-called standard answer.It is discernable that other students are quite puzzled by why “1+2=3” is wrong while “2+1=3” is right.The drawing reminds its audience of a widespread phenomenon in the area of basic education in China, that is, educators stick blindly to fixed standards without allowing any room of flexibility or variation.Students are required to mechanically remember what is written in the books, but receive no encouragement to question, challenge, and disagree.Consequently, children’s creativity is largely limited or killed, which exerts a detrimental impact on their future development, especially in the current society which puts so much emphasis on creativity, innovation, and inventiveness.As far as I am concerned, there needs to be a comprehensive renovation in the educational system, where new educational concepts, such as to inspire creation, are installed.Only by new teaching methods other than stiff memorization can we cultivate children into talents who will meet the requirements that society demands.Likewise, this new tendency would also benefit educators themselves to realize their own potential.译文：
正如图中描绘的那样，一个学生在一次智力竞赛中的失败仅仅是因为他的答案和所谓的标准答案不是完全一致，尽管他的答案也是完全正确的。我们可以看到其他学生对于为什么1+2=3是错误的而2+1=3是正确的感到十分疑惑。
这幅图实际上是在提醒读者在中国基础教育界存在的一个普遍的负面现象，那就是教育者盲目地坚持标准，而不提供灵活和变化的空间。老师要求学生们机械地背诵书上的知识，但是从来不鼓励学生质疑、提出挑战或者不同见解。因此，孩子们的创造力受到了限制和扼杀，这对于他们的未来发展是有害的，特别是现代社会十分强调创新性和独创性。
我认为需要对教育系统进行一次全面的革新，加入一些新的教育理念，如鼓励创新等。我们只有通过新的教育方法、而不是死记硬背，才能把孩子们培养成为适合社会要求的人才。同样，这种新的趋势对于教育者自身也是有好处的，能够使他们开发自己的潜能。
闪光词汇及词组：
puzzled: adj.困惑的 flexibility: n.灵活性
variation: n.变化
mechanically: adv.机械地
stiff: adj.呆板的
cultivate: v.教育，培养
likewise: adv.同样地
万能句型：
It is discernable that…
The drawing reminds its audience of a widespread phenomenon in the area of…
As far as I am concerned, there needs to…
Only by…can we…
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:
1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then
3)state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.拔苗图
范文：
What is delineated in front of us is a pair of parents who are eager to cultivate their little child into a well-rounded person.The poor girl seems to have a quite tight schedule, as her father is teaching her how to paint while her mother is preparing for her violin class.The dullness of the kid’s eyes portrays her unwillingness and dislike to learn so many things after school.The drawing reflects a common phenomenon in China that parents are obsessed with the wish of their child’s future success, which is, though, very understandable.Particularly due to the one-child policy, the only child is the greatest hope of parents and is provided with all the available resources.Meanwhile, we sadly discover that this generation of only children is deprived of what used to be the fun of childhood, like running around, playing various games with friends, and climbing trees, all of which are replaced by numerous tutoring courses and art lessons.Admittedly, an early and diversified education benefits children in exploring their potentials.Nevertheless, I strongly contend that children are entitled to enjoy a happy childhood filled with games and fun, instead of tedious classes.An appropriate extent of freedom can only do kids good, by promoting their comprehensive development both mentally and physically.译文：
呈现在我们面前的是一对急于把他们的小女儿培养成为一个通才的夫妻。这个可怜的小女孩看起来时间表排得满满的，她的父亲正在教她画画，而母亲正在为她准备小提琴课。但是，这个孩子呆滞的双眼却泄漏了她不愿意在放学之后还学这么多东西的心情。
这幅图反映了一个在中国很普遍的现象，即父母们都望子成龙，尽管这是一个我们都能够理解的现象。由于独生子女政策，这些孩子们都是父母最大的希望，父母给了他们一切可以得到的资源。同时，我们却悲哀地发现这一代孩子被剥夺了属于儿童的快乐，如四处乱跑、和小朋友们玩各种游戏、爬树等，这些都被无数的辅导和训练代替了。
我们承认较早的多样化教育有利于开发孩子们的潜能。但是，我强烈地认为孩子们应该拥有一个充满游戏和快乐的童年，而不只是乏味的课程。适度的自由对孩子们是有好处的，可以促进他们身体和智力上的全面发展。
闪光词汇及词组：
well-rounded: adj.多才多艺的tight: adj.紧密的
be obsessed with: 专注于，专心于
understandable: adj.可理解的available: adj.可利用的be deprived of: 被剥夺
tutoring: n.辅导
be entitled to: 有……的资格
tedious: adj.单调乏味的万能句型：
What is delineated in front of us is…
The drawing reflects a common phenomenon…
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:
1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then
3)state your point of view.范文：
The picture shows a boy who is crossing a river by stepping on his peasant parents’ heads like stones.The river symbolizes the heavy financial load on rural parents to support their children’s advanced education.As is quoted in the picture, a family in countryside can barely afford a high school student, not to mention a college student.The picture apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China—the hiking cost of education in contrast with the tiny income of the rural population.For one thing, the problem is partially attributed to the present disparity of wealth distribution.Sometimes the college tuition per student equals the annual income of a rural family.For another, colleges and other educational institutions fail to provide financial tools to assist students from poor areas.For example, the application for scholarship and student loan is usually so complicated that the procedure seems to take forever, while students see no trace of money.In my opinion, the government needs to reform the educational system with measures that can show immediate effect.Cutting tuition and other expenses proves to be most beneficial to students.Further, a large-scale reform at the macroeconomic level to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor is a basic solution to this issue.译文：
这幅图一个男孩子正在把他的农民父母的头作为垫脚石来跨过一条河。这条河象征了农村的父母们为了供孩子们接受高等教育所承受的巨大财政负担。正如图中所说的那样，在农村养一个高中生都很困难，更不用说是大学生了。
这很显然反映了在当今中国一个越来越普遍的社会现象——快速增长的教育费用和农村人口的微薄收入之家的差别。一方面，这个问题部分归咎于现有的财富分布不均。有时候一个大学生一年的学费就相当于一个农村家庭一年的收入。另一方面，大学和其他的教育机构没有通过各种各样的融资工具来帮助来自贫困地区的学生。比如说，申请奖学金和贷款的程序都非常复杂、需要花很长时间，而学生们却很难真正拿到钱。
我认为，政府应该改革教育系统，采取一些立竿见影的措施。降低学费和杂费被证明是对学生最有利的。此外，解决这个问题的根本措施在于在宏观经济的层面上进行一个大规模的改革，从而缩小贫富差距。
闪光词汇及词组：
symbolize: v.象征
advanced education: 高等教育
not to mention: 更不用说
hiking: n./ v.提高, 增加
partially: adj.部分地
disparity: n.不一致，不等
wealth distribution: 财富分配
tuition: 学费
equal: 等于
institution: n.公共机构
procedure: n.程序，手续
macroeconomic: adj.宏观经济的bridge the gap: 缩小差距
万能句型：
As is quoted in the picture…
The picture apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China—
困惑一:空白卷。
在英语科高考的最后一题(短文写作题)中,每年产生大量的零分卷,这两年的零分卷就占百分之十之多,其中很多是空白卷,有时一连几份都是空白卷。现场的评卷教师在大呼“过瘾”之后不免陷入困惑之中。笔者认为究其原因,无非就是以下几种:其一,缺考,这种原因无可厚非。其二,时间安排不当,没有时间完成这一题,这可能就是考生在应考策略上出问题了。笔者认为,高考英语科的考试有它的特殊性,即题量大,时间紧。如果按部就班地做题,很有可能来不及。但据笔者对这几年福建省乃至其他省市的高考英语卷进行研究分析发现:阅读理解的后两篇(第4、5)特别是最后一篇难度系数最高,设题最巧,陷阱最多。也许有些成绩中上的考生就纠结在这两题上,造成二卷短文填词与写作(35分)零分。因此,笔者认为,教师在平时的教学中就应该指导考生合理安排时间,可以在做完第3篇,最多考生确实是英语学得比较差,所以觉得,反正写出来的做完第4篇时就要转入二卷或二卷的写作。其三,有的句子语法错误百出,不如不写,省得丢人现眼。这可能是平时教师在评改学生的写作时使用的方法所产生的后遗症。高考写作是一种水平测试,而我们平时的考试是一种教学测试。两者有根本的区别。为了让学生改正错误或者起警示作用,平时教师在给学生批改作文中可能严格要求,每错一处就扣一分,所以有时学生写得满满的,可能得分为零分甚至负分。可是高考的评卷策略是:抓大放小。对学生所犯语法错误及拼写错误适度容忍。据此,我们在平时批改学生习作时应该两种方法结合起来用,并在备考前的几个月使用高考的评卷方法。一定要让学生有信心去完成一篇哪怕有瑕疵的文章。这也就是现在大学里使用在写作课中非常流行的一种教法:写长法。笔者也曾专门撰文倡导这种以激励学生信心为主、纠错为辅的外语写作方法。
困惑二:写满了的零分卷。
你也许会诧异,都已经写满怎么可能是零分卷。在这几年的评卷中,笔者经常发现有些考卷短文写作写得满满,可细一看就能发现,有很多是转抄阅读理解及把平时背的毫不相干的范文全盘照搬上来的。感觉这种行为在前几年还是个人行为,做贼心虚,一看卷面就可以辨别。但是我感觉今年的部分考生这种投机取巧的行为绝对不是个人行为,明显是背后有“高人”指导,是有预谋、有策略的一种投机行为。从卷面看,很多已不再是从一篇阅读里大段抄了,因为这样目标比较大,容易被发现。现在是东抄一句西抄一句,甚至有个别单词貌似和文章内容有关,但是根本不能连词成句。依据高考评卷原则,对这种大段大段转抄试卷阅读理解或完形填空及照搬毫不相干的范文的行为毫不留情地给予零分。当然这种“抄袭”行为背后的“高人”肯定是一线的教师本人。有些人肯定听说了,高考评卷时间短,任务紧,所以想钻评得快的空子。然而,从今年开始,作文这样的主观题已要求第四改,可以说误差越来越小,看走眼的几率也是非常之小。
困惑三:离题卷明显增多。
今年的离题卷比去年有过之而无不及。笔者今年所阅的近九千份考卷中,估计有百分之十五以上的离题或半离题卷绝对不为过。以今年福建省的英语短文写作为例,要求是相当明确的,就以下三点:1. 某中学灾后三年来的变化,如教学与活动场所,以及师生的精神面貌。2. 发生这些变化的原因。3. 你的感想。我想有小学毕业的语文水平是绝对不会审错题的。可是理想是丰满,现实却很骨感。比如,有一大批考生的写作思路就是这样:这是一个什么学校、学校里有哪些设施、这些设施有很多的作用(如学生可以锻炼身格,磨练意志)、生活条件和教育条件很好。就其离题的原因,结合平时的教学实践和评卷后的反思,笔者认为有以下几点:1. 有些考生明显是时间不够,没有看清楚题目的具体要求。2. 有些考生则把英语的作文的深度等同于语文作文的深度了,想得过多,挖掘得过深。3. 没有写题纲,造成思想的野马离开了缰绳的束缚,不着边际。4.习惯性离题。离题的鬼魅好像附体一样,每次到写作时候都会感到纠结。针对以上所归纳的几种原因,笔者认间,特别是大考,如期中、期末考,教师更应该指导做题为可以从以下几方面去解决:1. 正确、合理地安排时策略。2. 针对原因二,笔者认为教师有必要给学生讲清楚高考英语作文的要求及出题趋势,就福建省来说,半开放式的写作模式将会持续好些年。因此,在平时的练习过程中,就有必要有针对性地多做一些类似高考出题模式的题型,让学生形成一种答题习惯。就原因三,很多教师在平时指导学生写作的时候走两种极端,一种是打全稿,一种是不打任何稿。前者明显是不科学,也没必要,考场上的时间相当有限,打全稿明显是浪费时间。
2011-05-25 09:51 作者： 来源：育龙网
新的《大学英语教学大纲》对写作提出了新的、具体的要求，分为基本要求和较高要求。
基本要求是：
“能就一定的话题和给定的提纲写短文，能写信和便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。能在半小时内写出120－150词的短文。
较高要求是：
能就与课文难度相仿的阅读材料回答问题，写提纲和摘要，能就一定的话题和给定的提纲、表格或图示写短文，能写日常应用文（如信函、简历等），内容完整，条理清楚，文理通顺。“能在半小时内写出150－180词的短文。”
由于种种原因，学生的写作训练不够，导致学生写出的作文主要存在以下问题：
1。内容贫乏，知识面窄，想象不丰富。
2。文章结构紊乱，句与句之间、段与段之间缺乏逻辑关系，中心不突出。
3。语言不地道，文章中满是汉语式、翻译式的句子，且句型单调。
4。语言贫乏，缺乏美感，没有吸引力。
大学英语四级考试的作文要求在应试者在30分钟内写出一篇不少于 100字的文章。这对于基础较差的应试者有一定的难度，因此学习并掌握一定的技巧，对我们写出高分作文是有帮助的。我们应尽力做到以下几点：
1． 改变一个传统观念
在中学阶段，用母语写作的中学生会运用一些写作技巧，以求文章新颖、别致，但若将此观念引用到大学英语四级考试作文中来，效果可能相反。原因主要有：
1）汉英两种语言的差异很大，汉语属分析性语言，注重意合，强调语言的含蓄性；英语属综合性语言，注重型合，强调语言的直接性。因而，文章开门见山，更符合英语习惯。
2）《大学英语教学大纲》关于四级写作的要求是培养学生初步的写作能力。具体体现在四个方面：切题与否，内容表达清楚与否，文字通顺连贯与否，语言错误多与否。由此看来，生动的语言还不是四级作文考察的重点。
3）追求构思新颖，布局巧妙，语言生动，若没有较强的英语语言驾驭能力，很容易跑题，或者思想表达不清，实在是得不偿失。
因此，四级作文的应试者的注意力应放在切题，以及清楚、准确表达思想上。这种认识，一定先要在观念上确立起来。
2． 了解作文题型特点
从1988年6月实行大学英语统测以来，所有的作文试题形式都是命题作文。其中前四次的作文属带主题句的命题作文。也就是：既有标题，又分别给出三个段落的主题句。而从1990年6月开始，作文命题基本上为带提示句的命题作文，即给出标题，同时对作文的三段正文分别给予内容提示，而不再给出主题句。文体多是议论文，主要向读者阐述观点，表达见解。而且四级作文不必象一般文章那样有起始段、主体部分和结尾段之类的完整结构，只要求依照作文题意及每段提示，写出不少于100字的三段式短文就可以了。
3． 把握5个关键步骤
由于带提示句的命题作文比带主题句的命题作文除了多一步拟主题句之外，其他步骤均相同，这里我们以带提示句的命题作文为例来进行分析。
1）认真审题，明确三方面问题
文章切题，是写好文章最重要的前提。如果文章跑题，即使内容丰富，语言生动流畅，得分也不会高。因此，审好题，审清题在很大程度上关系到整篇文章的成败，绝不可以掉以轻心。
审题，不仅要分析题目，还要结合给出的提示句，首先要明确文章要写的内容，即文章要围绕什么主题来写，这是保证整篇文章切题的关键；其次，确定文章所需的主语人称，人称混乱是中国学生常犯的一个毛病，而在审题阶段确定人称是避免文章人称混乱的有效途径；第三，注意文章对动词的时态、语气有无特殊要求。
比如，96年1月四级考试作文标题为＂What would happen if there were no power＂。如果只看标题，就无法确定文章的主题内容。因为＂power＂一词含义广泛，有权利、政权、电力、能力、体力、精力等许多意思。这里＂power＂究竟是什么意思呢？这就要结合提示句来看了。文章各段的提示句分别为：
1。Ever since early this century，electricity has BECome an essential part of our modern life;
2。If there were no electric power——
3。Therefore——
结合提示句，首先可以确定文章的主题内容是写如果没有电，会发生什么事情，会对人们和社会产生什么影响。其次，文章的主语人称，可以选we，也可以选people，但二者必须确定其一，不宜混用。第三，要注意文章第二段需用虚拟语气，这是一个特殊之处，绝不可忽略。假如应试者把这种假设写成真实情况，即没有用虚拟语气，文章写得再好也不会得高分。又比如，99年1月考题：
Title： Don„t Hesitate to Say No
Outline：
1． 在有人要求帮忙时，什么时候应该说不？
2． 为什么有人在该说不的时候却不说不？
3． 该说不却没说不的坏处。
看到题目时，我们就会想到why and when之类的问题，那也就是文中想要论述的问题。这样就能对全文的构思做到心中有数。
再比如，标题是＂Make the Most of School Days＂，各段提示分别为：
1． 为什么上学；
2． 在校时应与老师接触；
3． 在校时只钻书本或置学习于不顾都不好，综合标题和提示我们可确定：首先，文章主题内容是关于要充分利用学校的大好时光。其次，文章主语可选we，也可选students，但二者不可混用。第三，文章宜用现在时完成。
2）扩展提示句，草拟提纲。
草拟提纲时，要紧紧围绕提示句，尤其是提示句的关键词，尽量多地扩展提示句所提供的信息，从而基本构筑出文章的框架。在扩展提示句时，为了避免段落内容跑题，要从提示句中的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下所联想到的东西：可以是句子，也可以是词组；可以是英语，也可以是汉语。总之，这个阶段要思维敏捷，动作迅速。我们仍以＂Make the Most of School Days＂为例。
第一段提示句为“为什么要上学”，围绕上学的目的，可扩展出learn knowledge，学习如何与他人相处，完善自我，成为对社会有用的人等。
第二段，可以扩展出为什么要与老师多接触（老师博学，多识经验丰富），多与老师接触的益处（学到更多方面知识，有利于自己成长的知识和技能）。
第三段，提示句为“在校时只钻书本，或置学习于不顾不好”，围绕不走两个极端，可自然而然地想到为什么走两个极端都不好。（若光有书本知识，而缺少处理人际关系的技能以及其它方面的知识和经验，会使书本知识难以充分发挥；若缺少必要的书本知识，也难以胜任很多对知识要求较高的工作。）这样一个三段式的作文提纲就构筑起来了。构思时要带着题目去判断各段意是否能作为该段的主题句，如果可能的话，还要尽量找出其中的关键字眼。
我们再来看一个例题：（98年1月4、6级考题）
Title： Fake Commodity
Outline：
1． 假冒伪劣产品在当今社会为什么如此盛行？
2． 假冒伪劣产品对社会和个人有哪些损害。
3． 你的观点。（四级中没有列出这一段意）
本文中，第一段中的关键字是“为什么、盛行”，第二段中的关键字是“社会、个人、损害”。在看段意构思的过程中可以在这些词下划线以示注意。在列提纲时一定要在题目的指导下把握文章的重心，同时也要考虑段与段之间的过渡。在列提纲之前可以针对段意中的关键词提＂WH＂问题。不过，有时段意本身就是问句，可直接回答。
本文可能的提纲：
1． cheap comparably，price gap;don„t like filing claims;market systems
2． fake appliance，cause fire，lose money;fake medicine
You are the organizer of a spring excursion activity in the suburbs of Beijing this weekend.Write a memorandum to remind the students of your department about the following items: the place to visit, the time and place to meet, and preparation for the activity.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.范文：
To: All students of the English Department
From: Class Monitor, Li Ming
Date: April 15, 2007
Subject: Spring Excursion
As spring arrives and the weather turns to be more agreeable, the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in suburban Huairou District, which is not far away from the city of Beijing, on this Sunday, April 20th.Activities include mountain-climbing and picnic.All students of the English Department are encouraged to participate.We remind you of the necessity of bringing some food and water, as well as wearing comfortable shoes.We will meet at the west gate of the university at 9am, Sunday;a bus has been arranged.Please be punctual so that we have enough time to enjoy the beautiful nature.译文：
收文人：所有英语系学生
发文人：班长，李明
日期：2007年4月15日
主题：春游
随着春天的来临，气候变得更加宜人，本系决定于本周日，即4月20日，组织全系同学去北京市郊的怀柔踏春郊游。具体活动包括爬山和野餐。我们鼓励所有英语系的同学们都积极参与这项活动。我们也要提醒大家带上水、食物和舒适的鞋。
我们将在周日上午9点在学校西门集合等车。请大家准时到达，以便我们有更多的时间享受美好的自然风光。
闪光词汇及词组：
agreeable：adj.惬意的，使人愉快的 spring excursion：春游
suburban：adj.郊区的 necessity：n.必要性，必需品
punctual：adj.准时的 万能句型：
We remind you of the necessity of…
Please be punctual so that we have enough time to… 2）Directions:
Suppose you are an HR manager of a company, and your department is organizing a computer course for all the company's employees.Write a memorandum to the staff about the details of the training, including the purpose and content of the course, the time and place of class, and any other relevant information.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.范文：
To:All full-time employees
From:HR Manager, Li Ming
Date:May 9th, 2007
Subject: Computer course
An investigation conducted by the HR Department last month reveals the fact that a high rate of computer illiteracy contributes to a severe inefficiency of our company.As a result, it has been decided that all full-time employees are to attend a computer course—which will take place every Monday night from 7pm to 9pm in the company meeting room A and B—for the duration of two months.Employees are able to sign up for the basic or advanced levels of the course according to their present computer skills.Please register for the course at the company reception desk before May 15th.Further suggestions will be appreciated so that the program can be more fruitful.译文：
收文人：所有全职员工
发文人：人力资源经理，李明
日期：2007年5月9日
主题：计算机课程
人力资源部上个月进行的一项调查显示，公司的许多人不会使用电脑导致了工作效率的低下。因此，我们决定为所有的全职员工开办一个为期两个月的计算机课程，于每周一晚上7点到9点之间在公司的会议室A和B举行。每个员工都可以根据自己目前的计算机水平选择初级或高级课程。请于5月15日之前到公司接待处报名。欢迎提出更好的意见和建议，是我们的这个项目更加富有成果。
闪光词汇及词组：
full-time：adj.全职的 reveal：v.揭示，展示，显示
illiteracy：n.文盲
contribute to：导致
severe：adj.严重的，严厉的，严峻的 duration：n.持续时间，为期
register：v.登记，注册
万能句型：
… reveals the fact that…
As a result, it has been decided that…
Further suggestions will be appreciated so that the program can be more fruitful.考研英语写作范文之道歉信
我们在工作或生活中，有时难免会犯一些错误，写封致歉信就显得很有必要。道歉信通常包括以下内容：表示歉意；道歉的原由；出现差错的原因；提出弥补措施；请求原谅。写道歉信的语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实，不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。
写作“三步走”：
表示歉意—>说明具体原因、提出补救办法—>再次致歉、希望得到理解
Tips：
在写作过程中，尽可能提供比较合理的理由。如果违反生活常识将导致扣分。
在解释完原因后，尽量提供一个合适的补救办法，使行文更加完满。
（1）Directions：
You are invited to a dinner at a friend's house, but you are not able to attend because of the preparation for a coming examination.Write a letter to your friends to express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a meeting at another time.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.范文：
Dear Anne
Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening.Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot join you and your family, because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow.I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time.Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please don't hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date.I do long for a pleasant chat with you.Please allow me to say sorry again.Regards
Li Ming
译文：
亲爱的安：
感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是，我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约，因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾，我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了，在我考试后我们可以见一面么？如果可以的话请随时给我打电话，我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。
请允许我再一次致歉。
您真诚的
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
occupy： v.占用，占
get-together： n.聚会，联欢会
hesitate： v.犹豫，踌躇
drop sb.a line： 给某人打一个电话
preferable： adj.更好的，更可取的 long for sth： 渴望
万能句型：
Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening.Unfortunately，it is much to my regret that I cannot…
I feel terribly sorry for missing the change of…
Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards？
If so, please don't hesitate to drop me a call about your preferable date.Please allow me to say sorry again.（2）Directions：
You failed to finish an important task assigned by your professor because of a severe illness.Write a letter to your professor tp express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the loss.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.范文：
Dear Prof.Patent
I am very sorry to inform you that I did not manage to complete the book report you assigned last week, due to a sudden illness falling upon me a few days ago.For the past few days I have been in hospital with a continuous fever, which has thus prevented me from any academic activity.I hereby submit the doctor's note.I would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better.Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.Yours faithfully
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的Patent教授：
我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告，因为几天前我突然生病了。过去的几天中我一直持续高烧，住在医院，因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。
如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽，因为现在我的身体正在好转。
希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。
您真诚的
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
assign： v.分配，指派
fall upon sb： 降临到某人身上
continuous： adj.持续的
prevent sb from sth/doing sth： 使某人不能做某事
hereby： adv.因此，据此
submit： v.提交，递交
obliged： adj.感激的
grant： v.同意，准予
万能句型：
I am very sorry to inform you that I did not manage to complete…due to…
I would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task.Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.考研英语写作范文之经典告示 写作“三步走”
写明相关信息，如时间、地点等—>简单说明活动内容或背景—>署名
Tips
一般告示类文体都需要写标题，如Notice或者Announcement.告示类文体主要用于说明或者传达某件事情、某项活动等，重在言简意赅。
如果是关于活动的通知，需要说明活动的内容、时间、地点、参加人员范围以及其它必要细节。
在告示结尾一般需要写上贴出告示的单位或者个人。
Directions
Suppose you are an secretary of the English Department of X University.Write a notice to inform the teachers and students of this department of a lecture on crosscultural studies.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Li Ming instead.范文：
Notice
There is going to be a lecture, titled Across Cultures: Digital Media and Literate Activity, in the meeting room of the English Department from 9：00 a.m.to 11：00 a.m.on Monday, July 11th.The lecture will be given by Professor Robert Johnson, who is from the Department of Englsih Literature of University of Pennsylvania.Professor Johnson is known for his unique probing of the many connections between literate activity and new information technologies.He will present, in his humorous style, the relation he found between culture and technological development, which you surely will enjoy very much.All the teachers and students are welcome to attend this lecture.English Department
译文：
通知
7月11日周一上午9点至11点将在英语系会议室举办一场题为“跨越文化：数码媒体和文化活动”的讲座。主讲人为罗伯特。约翰逊教授，来自宾西法尼亚大学的英语文学系。约翰逊教授对文化活动和新的信息技术之间的关系做了非常独到的研究，并因此而闻名。他将以幽默的风格展示他在文化和技术发展之间关系上的研究成果，相信你们都会很感兴趣。
欢迎广大师生来参加本次讲座。
英语系
闪光词汇及词组
title： v.以……为标题
literate： adj.有文化的，都读写能力的 probe： v.探查、探明
humorous： adj.幽默的 万能句型
There is going to be a lecture, titled… in the meeting room of …fromom 10：00 to 12：00 on Monday, July 11th.…which you surely will enjoy very much.All the teachers and students are welcome to attend this lecture.Directions
The famous opera Cat will be presented the theatre of your university
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Li Ming instead.范文
Notice
Due to bad weather condition, the badminton competition, organized by the College Badminton Club, will not be held in the May Fouth Field as it was scheduled.Instead, it will be moved to the Haidian Gymnasium, which is about ten mininutes'walk from the university.All club members, competitors, and audience students will meet in front of the West Gate of the university at 9：00 a.m., June 5th, to go there togehter.For those who will go by themselves, please refer to the map in below.The event will be last from 9：30 a.m.to 11：30 a.m.Cold drinks and snacks will be provided in the gymnasium.College Badminton Club
译文
通知
由于天气状况不佳，学院羽毛球俱乐部举办的羽毛球比赛原定于在五四运动场的计划将取消。活动将转移到距离学校10分钟路程的海淀体育馆举办。所有的俱乐部成员、参赛者、学生观众将于6月5日上午9点在学校的西门集合，一起前往体育馆。单独前往的同学，请参考下面的地图。活动时间为9：30到11：30.我们将在体育馆中提供冷饮和零食。
学院羽毛球俱乐部
闪光词汇及词组：
badminton： n.羽毛球
field： n.运动场
schedule： v.确定时间
gymnasium： n.体育馆
snack： n.零食，小吃 考研英语写作范文之家庭关系类（1）2005年真题
Directions
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.真题分析
本题是非常典型的看图作文。乍一看这是一场非常奇怪的足球赛，竟然有四个球门。仔细一看才发现原来这是一场赡养老人足球赛。我们很容易就可以发现其中人物关系。守着四个球门的是老人的三个儿子和一个女儿，他们的衣着显示出了他们有足够的经济能力来赡养父亲，但是他们都不愿意承担这个责任。很明显出题者要求考生批判这种不良社会风气，对那些不愿意赡养老人的儿女们提出谴责，并指出尊敬老人是我们中华民族的传统美德，应该继续发扬。
思路拓展
我们可以发现，近几年来的考研题目选取了许多关系到人们的道德水准、价值取向等方面相关的社会问题。家庭和亲情是我们这个社会永恒的主题，其中涉及到子女教育、父母与子女之间的感情关、利益关系等等，许多都是非常发人深省的。考生要重点关注道德方面的社会热点问题，为考研积累素材。
范文
The cartoon displays a very special and thought-provoking soccer game: the four goals are kept by an old man's three sons and one daughter, while the old man himself becomes the ball, being kicked among the four corners by his beloved children.It is clearly indicated that none of them is willing to spare a tiny portion of time and money to repay their old father who have raised them.Through the artistic presentation, we can be easily reminded of a popular phenomenon in today's society, that is, disrespect towards elders and shirking of the responsibility of nursing aging parents.The boosting economic development in China sadly witnesses a deterioration of the public awareness of filial duty, which had taken an indispensable position in traditional Chinese values for thousands of years.However, as the society grows more benefit-oriented, the once unbroken bond between parents and children is fundamentally shaken and begins to collapse.In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our pursuit of wealth and welfare, that is, to shape a rich life both materially and mentally.Thinking of the love we received from our parents when swaggering babies, we must realize that repaying parents by a happy life with financial and psychological support is not only a duty that should not be shrugged off, but a key element to achieve a harmonious society.译文
这幅漫画展示了一场特殊而又发人深省的足球赛：四个球门由一个老人的三个儿子和一个女儿分别把守，而老人自己则是那个足球，在四个角落之间被他“亲爱的”孩子们踢来踢去。很显然，哪个孩子都不愿意花一点点时间和金钱来报答曾经抚育他们成长的老父亲。
这幅图以艺术的方式提醒我们当今社会的一个普遍现象，那就是人们对老人的不尊敬、以及逃避赡养父母的责任。中国经济的迅速发展却带来了人们孝顺意识减退，这是让人悲哀的、也极具讽刺意味，因为赡养老人的责任在中国几千年的传统价值中占有重要的地位。但是，随着社会上追求利益的风气日益盛行，父母和子女之间那种曾经无法割裂的关系却受到了根本性的动摇。
我认为这种趋势与我们追求财富和利益的初衷是违背的，我们的目的是达到物质和精神的双丰收。想一想当我们还是蹒跚学步的孩子时父母曾给我们的爱，我们应该意识到回报给父母金钱和精神上的幸福生活不仅仅是我们无法推却的责任，也是我们实现和谐社会的重要因素。
闪光词汇及词组
thought-provoking： adj.发人深思的 beloved： adj.所爱的，心爱的 disrespect： n.不尊敬，不尊重
shirk： v.逃避，推却
nurse： v.护理，照看
deterioration： n.变坏，退化，堕落
filial： adj.子女的，当作子女的 indispensable： adj.不可缺少的，必要的 benefit-oriented： adj.追求利益的 bond： n.关系，联系
collapse： v.倒塌，崩溃，失败
swaggering： adj.蹒跚学步的 shrug off： v.逃避，推脱
万能句型
The cartoon displays a very special and thought-provoking…
Through the artistic presentation, we can be easily reminded of…
In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of… 考研英语写作范文之社会热点类 1）2006年真题。
Directions:
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1）describe the photo briefly.2）interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and.3）give your points of view.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.真题分析：
本题又出现了照片，而且这一次是两幅照片。但是这两幅照片没有对比关系，只是并列关系，用来说明同一个问题。左图中一个男子将贝克汉姆的名字写在自己的脸上，右图另一个男子不惜花300元来做一个“小贝头”，这两种现象都是源自他们对于贝克汉姆的疯狂崇拜。明星崇拜在我们现在这个社会中已经见怪不怪了，正是人们的追星使得娱乐业发展成为了一个巨大的产业。许多青少年和年轻人只是因为某个明星歌唱得好，或者戏演得好，或者长得帅气或者漂亮，就盲目地对他们进行崇拜，模仿明星的一言一行，而对于其中良莠不齐的影响不加辨别、全盘吸收，从而影响了他们自身的成长和发展。因此，我们很容易就可以判断出本题的目的在于指出年轻人应该树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，树立积极向上的人生追求和生活方式。
思路拓展：
这一类题型包括了除上述9类热点问题以外的其他各类问题，内容自然包括万象，需要考生关注平时生活中的点点滴滴细节。对于一些社会问题，我们可以指出道德和价值取向上的对与错；对于另一些问题，我们只需要提出自己的见解和看法，因为那些问题本身就不存在是否真理或谬误的限制。考生需要靠自己的知识和判断，在面对考题是灵活应对。
范文：
The two pictures illustrate vividly the popularity of the famous British soccer star David Beckham.In the left picture a man painted Beckham's name on his face to show his support for Beckham, while in the right another is willing to spend three hundred yuan to have a hairstyle that is exactly the same as Beckham's.From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of idol worship in today's China.Star fans, the majority of whom are teenagers and young adults, are used to blindly following every aspect of celebrities'behavior, accepting both positive and negative influences as universal truths.Aside from Beckham, another telling example is the nation-wide Super-Girl competitions held in past two years in China.They were so successful in drawing fans' attention and emotions that the ups and downs of the super girls had almost constituted the whole lives of their frenetic followers.Admittedly, it is natural that those cool and fashionable stars seem attractive to the youth.Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to guide young people in building a wholesome outlook towards the world and life.In my opinion, what's most important is to have them adore worthy values and qualities, such as honesty, diligence, and persistence.译文：
这两幅图生动地展现了英国足球明星贝克汉姆的受欢迎程度。在左边的图中一个男人把贝克汉姆的名字醒目地写在脸上以显示对小贝的支持，右边的这幅图中另一个人愿意花300元钱做一个和贝克汉姆一样的发型。
从这两幅图中我们可以看到在当今中国疯狂的偶像崇拜趋势。追星族大多数都是青少年和年轻人，他们盲目地模仿名人各个方面的行为，并把名人的正面和负面影响都当作普遍适用的真理。除了贝克汉姆，另一个生动的例子就是在过去的两年中盛行于中国的“超女比赛”，这场比赛成功地调动了追星族们的注意力和情感，以至于“超女”们的起伏跌宕几乎构成了那些狂热歌迷们的全部生活。
诚然，既酷又时髦的明星对年轻人有很大的吸引力。但是，政府和社会有责任指导年轻人们建立健康的世界观和人生观。我认为最重要的是让年轻人追求更有价值的品质，如诚实、勤奋、坚持不懈等。
闪光词汇及词组：
teenager：n.青少年
blindly：adv.盲目地
celebrity：n.名人
universal：adj.普遍的 aside from：除……以外
telling：adj.有效的，明显的，生动的 ups and downs：起起伏伏，成功和失败
constitute：v.组成 frenetic：adj.狂热的
wholesome：adj.健康的，有益的 outlook of world and life：世界观和人生观
adore：v.崇拜，爱慕
worthy：adj.有价值的，值得的 diligence：n.勤奋
persistence：n.坚持，持续
万能句型：
The two pictures illustrate vividly…
In the left picture…while in the right…
From the two pictures we can sense…
Admittedly, it is natural that…Nevertheless… 考研英语写作范文之人生价值类（1）2004年真题
Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1）describe the drawing
2）interpret its meaning, and
3）support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.真题分析：
本题承袭了考研漫画内容简洁、寓意深刻的风格。一个满头大汗的运动员正冲破了一次长跑比赛的终点，而在终点的不远处，赫然标着两个大字“起点”。通过漫画的题目“终点又是新起点”，考生很容易就可以抓住本题的中心论点：在人生道路上，我们不能仅仅满足于一两次的成功，而只有不断地追求，我们才能取得进步和发展。这也符合哲学上事物是不断发展的这一趋势和真理。针对这类人生奋斗类的题型，一般提纲都会要求考生举出事例，即使提纲没有要求，考生最好也能够写出一两个事例，以增强文章的说服力。一般来说，在这种情况下，举残疾人、先进人物等的例子会比较切题，有效地加强文章的力度。
思路拓展
范文：
The picture presents a young runner who just finishes a long run and arrives at the finish line, sweating and smiling.While he stand at the end, a sign stating beginning lies not far away from his position, indicating that an end means a new beginning.It is true that when a runner reaches the end of one race, he needs to realize that his immediate task is how to achieve the next goal, instead of indulging the past glory and accomplishment.The identical truth applies to every individual, organization, and nation, that setting new goals continuously is the source of advancement.The deaf and mute American girl Helen Keller is a typical example of our case, as she had spent her whole life struggling and striving for one goal after another.It is not surprising that she finally turned out to be an excellent writer.Equally, businesses and industries should keep setting new tasks in order to preserve their competitiveness.Microsoft, for instance, never ceases creating new products the company launched Vista, Office 2007 and Exchange Server recently though it is already being such a huge conglomerate.In short, it is non-stop efforts that lead to progress.译文：
该图展示了一个运动员刚完成一场赛跑、达到终点，他满头大汗但是却非常满意地微笑着。在他所站的终点标志附近，该图标出了“起点”的标志，说明了“终点是新的起点”。
确实，当一个运动员跑到终点的时候，他必须马上意识到他的下一个任务是达到新的目标，而不是沉湎于过去的荣耀和成就。同样的道理也适用于每一个个人、组织、以及国家，即不断地设立新的目标才能不断地前进。
聋哑的美国女孩海伦。凯勒是这方面的一个典型例子，因为她一生都在为一个接一个的目标而努力和奋斗。因此，她最后变成了一个优秀的作家并不令人惊讶。同样的，工商界如果想要保持它们的竞争力，就要不断地为自己设立新任务。例如，微软公司作为如此大型的一个集团，也从来没有停止创造新产品的脚步，该公司在最近发布了Vista，Office2007和Exchange Server三大产品。总的来说，永不停止的努力才能引领进步和发展。
闪光词汇及词组：
sweating and smiling： 这里我们要介绍英语中的一种特殊的修辞方法，叫做alliteration，即“头韵”。一般在汉语以及英语中我们讲究压尾韵，而英语中经常可以把一些开头的辅音相同的单词组合在一起，读起来也非常琅琅上口。考生如果能在平时有意识地收集这些头韵组合，在考试中用上一两个，会大大为文章添彩。类似的短语还有我们在“经典应用文背诵”部分中提到的safe and sound.“He has more brawn than brain”，他四肢发达头脑简单。
achieve： v.达到，完成 glory： n.荣耀，光荣
accomplishment： n.成就
identical： adj.同一的，同样的
advancement： n.前进，进步
turn out to be： 变成 conglomerate： n.大集团
launch： v.发行，投放市场
non-stop： adj.不停的 万能句型：
The picture presents…
It is true that…
…is a typical example of our case
… it is not surprising that…
… Equally…
In short…（2）2007年真题
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:
1）describe the drawing briefly
2）explain its intended meaning, and then
3）support your view with an example/examples.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.真题分析：
在这道最新的考研题目中，出题漫画较往年显得更加生动有趣，寓意也十分明显。在一位球员即将进球的瞬间，球员和守门员都显得犹豫不决。球员认为守门员长得极其高大从而挡住了球门，使他的攻击几乎变成了“missionimpossible”（不可能完成的任务）。同时，守门员却觉得自己太渺小而球门太大，守门的任务十分艰巨，同样也是“missionimpossible”。对于有中文文化背景的学生来说，很容易就可以联想到《孙子兵法》中说的“知己知彼，百战不殆”，也就是说，只有充分了解自己和对手的所有优缺点，我们才能够有足够的信心取得最终的胜利。从这一点上我们可以继续引申，说明无论是个人、组织甚至对于国家来说，无论遇到什么情况，都要正确的评估自己以及具体事例的特点，从而充满信心地去取得应该取得的成就。
思路拓展：
关于人生价值类的题目在短短几年时间内竟然考了两次，这必须引起我们的高度重视。出题者的思路也是可以理解的，正在参加考研的大学生们都风华正茂，处于人生扬帆的关键时刻。这个时候大学生们需要树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，从而有助于他们在将来的人生道路上取得成功。
人生价值的内容包罗万象，有对成功的理解、对生活的态度、对知识和学习的定位等等，以及如何面对困境和挫折、如何正确认识金钱和人生的关系等等。这一类话题并不总是热点话题，但又和许多领域紧密相连，特别是和教育领域的相关话题有关。同时，我们在许多社会现象中也可以发现人们不同的人生价值，媒体上也经常组织相关的大讨论，考生应予以密切关注。
范文：
This picture shows a critical moment that can occur in any soccer game—a players is about to kick the ball while the keeper is fully ready for the attack.Interestingly, the player and the keeper are experiencing quite opposite psychological processes: the player thinks the task is extremely difficult as the goal is quite small compared with the huge keeper, while the latter fears that the goal is too enormous for him to protect.It is conspicuously indicated that in order to gain confidence and achieve success, we not only need to attain a thorough understanding of ourown merits and disadvantages of ourselves, but also those aspects of our opponents.Both the player and the keeper merely focus on their own faults and their counterparts'advantages, leading to their hesitation at the key time.In a recent interview of hurdler Liu Xiang, he revealed that his success is partly owed to his training team's study of his strong competitors around the world, so that he can learn from the others and is more confident when facing any new race.Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, you'll never lose a battle.译文：
该图展示的是一场足球比赛中的关键时刻——一个球员正准备要进球，而守门员正全力准备回击这次进攻。有趣的是，球员和守门员正在经历相反的心理历程：球员认为这项任务非常艰巨，因为球门如此之小而守门员长得高达威猛；守门员却害怕球门太大而他自己太渺小，很难保护球门。
这幅图告诉我们，为了取得信心、达到胜利，我们不仅要对自己的优缺点有充分的了解，而且还要对对手的优缺点有充分了解。但是，图中的球员和守门员只想到了自己的缺点和对手的优点，因此在关键时刻踌躇不前。
在对著名中国运动员刘翔的一个最近的采访中，他透露了自己的成功部分归功于他的训练队详细研究了他在世界各国的对手们的特点，因此他可以学习他人的优点，于是面对比赛的时候更有信心。就像中国古代著名的兵书《孙子兵法》总结的那样，知己知彼，百战不殆。
闪光词汇及词组：
be about to： 将要，正打算
psychological： adj.心理上的 enormous： adj.巨大的，庞大的 attain： v.获得，达到
merely： adv.仅仅
counterpart： n.相对物或人
hesitation： n.犹豫，踌躇
glorious： adj.光荣的 race： n.赛跑
The Art of War：《孙子兵法》
万能句型：
This picture shows a … moment that can occur in
It is conspicuously indicated…
Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, you'll never lose a battle.考研英语写作范文之请求信
请求信是对收信人提出请求，并希望对方满足该要求。写请求信的重点是要写清楚为什么要请求他人做某事，请求他人做某事的原因。
写请求信时首先要说明写作意图，一定要注意语气要礼貌，用词要规范；然后具体展开说明请求的原因；最后表示希望对方予以答复。
写作“三步走”：
介绍自己、提出请求—>说明原因及其它事项—>表达谢意、期盼答复
Tips：
在许多情况下，请求信是写给不认识的人或者机构，所以在信的开头可以做一下简单的自我介绍。同时，由于提出的请求往往都是需要麻烦别人的事情，所以要注意语气的礼貌程度，不要吝啬你的感谢。
（1）2006年真题
Directions：
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.范文：
To Whom It May Concern，My name is Li Ming, a college student of Peking University, and I am writing in the hope of your assistance to find a needy child for whom I may provide financial support.First and foremost I would like to declare that I possess the financial ability to implement this plan owing to my decent income from part-time jobs.As to the candidate, I am hoping that he/she comes from an elementary school of the less developed areas of Western China, who is forced out of school.I would like to pay for his/her tuition fee and other school expenses until he/she graduates from university.Thank you for your time.Yours cordially，Li Ming
译文：
有关负责人：
我叫李明，是北京大学的学生。我给您写这封信的目的是希望可以资助一名贫困学生，请您帮我物色一名合适的人选。
首先我想声明我有着实现这个计划的财政能力，因为我现在的兼职工作可以给我带来不菲的收入。至于具体的人选，我希望他/她是来自经济落后的中国西部地区的一名小学生，因为贫困原因而被迫退学。我将支付该学生的学费和其它杂费等，直至其大学毕业。
感谢您的时间和耐心。
您真挚的，李明
闪光词汇及词组：
in the hope of: 希望
assistance: n.帮助,协助
first and foremost: 首先
declare: v.声明
possess: v.拥有
implement: v.实施
owe to: 因为,由于
decent income: 不错的收入
as to: 至于
less developed: 欠发达的 万能句型:
I am writing in the hope of your assistance to…
Thank you for your time.（2）Directions:
You are preparing for your graduation thesis and are in urgent need of some reference materials.Write a letter to the National Library and ask for their help.Provide detailed information, and method of delivery and payment.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.范文：
Dear Sir or Madam
I am a senior student from Tianjin University, and I wonder if you could spare some time to help me look for two reference books, Communication Principles and Organizational Communication, both published by Foreign Language Press in 2000.The two books are of particular importance to my graduation thesis, but I failed to obtain them from my university library as well as local bookstores.Could you please tell me whether the National Library has the mentioned books？ If so, could you please do me the favor of photocopying and sending them to me by EMS？ I would like to pay for the relevant expense by cash or credit card.Looking forward to a prompt reply from you.Sincerely yours
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的先生或女士：
我是天津大学的一名大四学生，不知道是否可以占用您的一点时间帮我找两本参考书？它们分别是《传播学原理》和《组织传播学》，都是由外语出版社于2000年出版。
这两本书对于我的正在写作的毕业论文有着特别的重要意义，但是我在我们的大学图书馆和当地书店都没有找到它们。不知道国家图书馆是否藏有着两本书？如果有的话，不知您是否可以帮我复印一下并用特快专递寄给我呢？关于相关费用我会通过现金或者信用卡的形式进行支付。
希望能够尽快得到您的答复。
您真诚的
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
senior student: 大四学生
spare some time: 花一些时间
fail to do sth: 没能做成某事
obtain: v.得到，获得
photocopy: v.复印
万能句型：
I am wondering if you could spare some time to…
Could you please do me the favor of…
I would like to pay for the relevant expense by cash or credit card.Looking forward to a prompt reply from you.考研英语写作范文之祝贺信
祝贺信是社交中的一种礼仪性信函。通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明祝贺事由，表达热烈、诚挚的祝贺；围绕祝贺事件表述贺喜内容；表达美好祝福。
写作“三步走”：
说明事由并表达自己衷心的祝贺—>展开评论事件、赞扬收信人—>再次表达良好祝愿
Tips：
在写作主要内容的时候，可以重点赞扬一下当事人的优秀能力和取得成就的原因、并展望他将来的美好发展前景等。
Directions：
Your friend Jason is elected as the Chairman of the Students' Union of your university.Write a letter to congratulate him, state the reason for his success, and express your best wishes and encouragement.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.范文：
Dear Jason，I am much delighted to learn that you have been elected the Chairman of our University Students' Union.This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement.The Students' Union plays an essential role in our campus life.Managing and leveraging such an organization not only poses a great challenge to you, but will also fundamentally enhance your ability comprehensively.I believe this position will be a new beginning, and a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career.Please accept my most sincere congratulations！
Best wishes，Li Ming
译文：
亲爱的詹生：
听说你被选为学生会主席，我感到非常高兴。对你来说，这是一个特殊的时刻、一个高兴的时刻，我为你的成就而感到骄傲。
学生会在我们的校园生活中起到了重要的作用，要管理和权衡这个组织对于你提出了一个很大的挑战，同时也将综合地提高你的各方面能力。我相信这是一个新的开始，这个机会将使你拥抱一个充实的生活、并为你将来的灿烂未来打下基础。
请接受我最诚挚的祝福！
衷心的祝愿，李明
闪光词汇及词组：
delighted: adj.高兴的，欣喜的 achievement: n.成就，功绩
essential: 本质的，基本的，重要的 play a … role: 起……的作用
leverage: v.衡量，利用
pose a challenge to: 给……带来挑战
fundamentally: adv.根本上
enhance: v.提高，增强
comprehensive: adj.全面的 embrace: v.拥抱
pave the way for: 为……铺平道路
brilliant: adj.灿烂的 万能句型：
I am much delighted to learn that…
This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement.not only… but also…
I believe this position will be a new beginning, a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career.Please accept my most sincere congratulations！考研英语写作范文之辞职信
写辞职信时要说明辞职原因，有时需说明离开的时间以给对方一个物色接替人选的时间，以免给所在单位造成不必要的麻烦。然后还要感谢对方曾经给过自己这样的工作机会。
写作“三步走”：
提出辞职—>说明原因，表示遗憾或感谢—>期盼回复
Tips：
在写作辞职信的时候语气一定要诚恳，尤其是要表达遗憾的心情，同时对于原雇主曾经给自己的这份工作机会表达感激之情。
（1）2005年真题
Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss, Mr.Wang, telling him your decision, and stating your reason（s）.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.范文：
Dear Mr.Wang，I am writing to inform you of my intention of withdrawing from my current position in this magazine.Though having worked here for merely two months, I, unfortunately, find that this job is quite different from my expectation.First of all, I have to say that my salary is far from satisfying, which barely sustains me in this expensive city.Moreover, so far I have never had the responsibility of any challenging task.I apologize in advance for any inconvenience it might bring to you.Yours truly，Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的王先生：
我给您写这封信是想辞去我目前在杂志中的职位。
尽管我在这里仅仅工作了两个月，但是我发现这份工作并不符合我的预期。首先，我的工资远远不能令人满意，使我在这昂贵的城市中生活艰难。此外，到目前为止，我没有机会负责任何具有挑战性的工作。
我为对此可能给您带来的不便致歉。
您真诚的，李明
闪光词汇及词组：
intention: n.意图, 目的 withdraw from: 离开,撤出,退出
merely: adv.仅仅,只,不过
be far from:远远不及,远远不够
barely: adv.刚刚,仅仅,几乎不能
sustain: vt.支撑,撑住,维持,持续
have responsibility of sth: 负责某事
万能句型：
I am writing to inform you of…
Though having…, I, unfortunately, find that…
First of all… Moreover…
I apologize in advance for…
（2）Directions:
You have worked in a Non-Governmental Organization for several years, but now you need to quit the job because you are moving to another city with your family.Write a letter to your boss Mr.Smith to tell him your decision and the reason, and your appreciation for the work experience in this agency.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.范文：
Dear Mr.Smith，I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to resign my present job in the next month.The main reason is that I will move to Qingdao to live permanently with my family, as Qingdao is my hometown.Looking back upon my five-year experience in this organization, I have had a very happy and enjoyable time working with you and other colleagues, from whom I have received lots of help and have learnt much.Please accept my sincere gratitude, as well as my regret for not being able to serve here any longer.Yours faithfully，Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的史密斯先生：
通过这封信我很遗憾地告诉您我计划在下个月辞去目前的工作，其主要原因是我将和我的家庭一起搬回我的家乡青岛，并将在那里长期居住。
回顾我在这个组织中五年的工作经历，我与您和众位同事度过了非常愉快的时光，你们给了我很多帮助，也教会了我很多东西。请接受我最诚挚的感激，我也非常遗憾不能在这里工作更长的时间。
您真挚的，闪光词汇及词组：
permanently: adv.长期的，永久的，不变的 look back upon: 回顾
enjoyable: adj.令人愉快的 gratitude: n.感激
万能句型：
I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to…
The main reason is that…
英语经典短文
一、How to use an English-Chinese dictionary? When you are reading something in English, you may often come across a new word.What’s the best way to know it? You may look it up in an English-Chinese dictionary.It will tell you a lot about the word: the pronunciation, the Chinese meaning and also how to use this word.But how can you know where the word is in thousands of English words? How to find it in the dictionary both quickly and correctly? First, all the English words are arranged in the alphabetical order.In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with the Ietter A, then B,C,D,E…That means if there are two words “desert”and “pull”,” “desert”will be certainly before“pull”.Then if there,are two words both beginning with the same letter,you may look at the second letter.Then the third, the fourth…For example, “pardon”is before “plough”, “judge”is before “just”,etc.Do you understand how to look up a word in a dictionary? The dictionary will be your good friend,I hope you’ll use it as often as possible in your English learning.二、Travel by bike
If you go to visit London, you’ll see a lot of buses and cars on the road.You’ll also see a lot of bikes because more people travel by bike.There are a lot of reasons for this.First, it is very cheap to buy a bike, and it is quick, too.You often have to wait for a bus for half an hour.When the bus comes, there are so many other buses and cars on the roads that the bus moves very slowly.I traveled to work by bus for about four years.I often arrived at work late and tired.Then one day, about two years ago, a friend of mine said, “ I go to work by bike.Why don’t we travel together?”
“Because my bike is old.” I answered, “And there are so many buses and cars on the roads.I’ll feel frightened
“You needn’t feel frightened!” said my friend.“If you follow me and we ride slowly, you’ll be fine.”
The next day I brought myself a new bike.Although we went slowly, we arrived ai work quickly.It took 40 minutes to go to work by bus, but only half an hour by bike!Now I don’t feel afraid.I love going go work by bike.I take a different road every day.I arrived at work very quickly.I’ve got a little more money now, and more important, I feel healthy.Many people think in the same way as I do.That’s why you see a lot of bikes on the road.Next year you’ll see more, I am sure.Perhaps in the future we will have roads for bikes only.I hope so.三、American food habits
Generally speaking, American food is rather bland and inspired.Salads are popular and are served all the year round.Many American people are “calorie” conscious.This is evident in menus offering “low calorie” or “weight watchers” meals.In markets one can find “No Cal” drinks(meaning without calories)such as ginger ale or cola.“Diet” foods without sugar or salt are also available in food stores.Waiters in American restaurants tend to assume that everyone drinks coffee.If a waiter suddenly asks “Now or later?” what he means is “Do you want coffee with your meal now or later?” Many American drinks
Coffee with their meal.When dining out in the US we can ask for tea, milk,coke,bear and so on, if we prefer these to coffee, American restaurants cannot serve beer, wine, or liquor unless they are licensed to do so.The main course in American meals is usually meat, fowl, or fish, but rarely is more than one of these
上海宝茁教育济南学习中心
中小学课外辅导专家
七、Insects We often think of insects as being harmful.This is not quite true.Many insects are harmful.For example, flies carry disease.Other insects carry disease, too.Farmers are at war with insects most of the time.Hungry insects kill plants in the fields.Farmers spray the fields to get rid of these insects.Does this mean that all insects are harmful? No.Many are of great help to man.Bees make honey.Without bees and other insects, many trees would have no fruit.Silkworms make silk.Some insects eat other insects that kill fruit trees.Have you ever seen a praying mantis? People who do not know about the praying mantis sometimes kill it.They think it is harmful.But this insect is of great help to farmers and gardeners.It eats insects that kill plants.Long ago, many people thought of most insects as enemies.Today, we know the difference between harmful insects and those that help us.八、Special language Can you see the rabbit’s tail? When a rabbit sees something dangerous, it runs away.Its tail is white and moves up and down as it runs.Other rabbits see the tail moving, and they run, too.They know that there is something danger.The rabbit has told them something without making a sound.It has given them a signal.Many other animals use this kind of language.When a cobra is angry, it raises its hood and makes itself look fierce.This warns other animals.When a bee has found some food, it goes back to its home.It cannot tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does a little dance in the air.This tells the others where the food is.Some animals say things by making sounds.Sometimes we humans speak in the same way.But we have something that no animal has-a large number of words.No animal has the wonderful power of language.People living in different countries make different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.Read as many books as you can.When you meet a new word, find it in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your most useful book.九、A good idea Mike and Tom had studied in the same class.After they had finished middle school, Mike went to college but Tom found work in a factory.The young man likes smoking very much and it’s bad for his health.Now he coughs day and night and he’s too weak to work.So he was sent away.He spent all money on smoking and sometimes he has little food to eat.Once Tom met Mike in the street.Mike finished college and began to work in a post office and was paid much.When Tom knew about it, he asked Mike to lend two hundred dollars to him.Mike found it was difficult to refuse and agreed.A year later Mike was going go marry and needed a lot of money.He told Tom about it.Tom said he would pay off the debt the next month.But three months passed and Tom did not pay off his debt.And one day Mike went to his house again and said, “Haven’t you found any ideas to pay off your debt?”
“Yes, I have.” Answered Tom.“ If you help me, I’ll pay off my debt at once.” “what’s it?”
一、语言输入和输出
从学习规律来看, 输入是输出的基础;背诵可以丰富输入的语言材料和语言知识, 有利于准确、流利和多样化的输出。美国语言学家Krashen (1982) 认为, 语言习得是通过语言输入来完成的, 教学的主要精力应放在为学生提供最佳的语言输入上。我国的学生是在脱离目的语语境的非自然环境中学习英语, 而中职生特别缺乏自主学习能力, 所以背诵输入在职校实施不失为一种最佳的语言输入方式, 通过背诵输入, 学生能更多地接触目标语, 加深理解和积累语言知识, 学会用地道的英语表达自己的思想, 摆脱母语的负面影响, 最终提高写作交际能力 (邓鹂鸣, 2001) 。
从语言学习的角度讲, 听说读写是英语学习的四大技能, 听和读是被动行为, 是接受技能, 即输入;说和写是主动行为, 是产出技能, 即输出 (Widdowson, 1999) 。检测接受的程度如何, 最直接的方式莫过于检测“产出技能”的高低。背诵与写作的关系就是输入和输出的关系, 中国就有:“熟读唐诗三百首, 不会作诗也会凑”、“:读书破万卷, 下笔如有神”的说法, 都说明了背诵输入对写作的优化作用。
二、背诵输入对英语写作的作用
第一, 背诵能消除学生的不利情感, 降低情感焦虑。Krashen (1983) 的情感过滤假说表明, 二语习得的进程会受到动力、性格、焦虑等多种情感因素的影响, 尤其是焦虑在较大程度上影响着语言输入, 中职学生由于英语基础差, 掌握的内容少, 学习中难免会有自卑和焦虑的心理。背诵可以使学生的语言器官得到激活, 熟练掌握语言, 能够改善这种焦虑状况, 从而增强动力, 掌握大量的语言材料, 调动学习的自觉性和主动性, 增加学习英语、练习写作的自信心。
第二, 背诵能强化语言输入, 加强对写作输出中负迁移的监控。迁移对外语习得既可产生正迁移, 也可产生负迁移, 正迁移对外语习得起促进作用, 负迁移对外语习得起阻碍作用 (Lado, 1957) 。中职学生由于语言输入不足, 缺乏英语的语言信息、表达素材, 在写作中“以至不得不用汉语的思维、英语的词汇、依靠语法编造句子, 这既造成汉语式英语的出现, 又由于脑中翻译的过程降低了表达速度” (曹怡鲁, 1999) 。背诵是一种重复手段, 是语言大量输入的一种直接有效的方式, 通过背诵, 学生能加深理解和巩固所学的语法知识, 牢记常用词汇、句型及固定表达, 构建起写作中所需的英语语言知识和技巧的框架, 加强对语言输出过程中负迁移的监控和修正, 逐步排除Chinglish的现象, 为语言输出即写作奠定扎实的基础。
第三, 背诵可以提高学生的语感。加拿大语言学家Bialystok将外语学习者的语言知识分为显性和隐形两种。显性是指学习者意识层中的所有目标语的语言知识, 包括语音、语法、词汇等;隐形指那些内化了的语言知识。一个人的隐形语言知识越多, 他的语感就越好, 熟练使用目标语的程度就越高。背诵输入加强了学生对语言知识的积累和巩固, 将原本显性的语言知识转化为隐形的语言知识, 加深对目标语的理解、消化和准确把握, 进一步增强语感, 促进语言习得, 为运用该目标语, 提高写作水平打下扎实的基础。
三、有效提高背诵效率的方法
(一) 帮助学生树立背诵的信心, 培养背诵的自觉性。
教师要以身作则、率先垂范、带头背诵, 让学生在师生共学的氛围中, 找到背诵的乐趣。还可邀请背诵既快又准确的同学现场背诵, 介绍经验。再可以把监督机制与适当奖励有机结合, 这两者都是培养学生学习自觉性的辅助手段。
(二) 采取多种背诵方法, 让学生乐于背诵。
背诵方法有:理解背诵---对于篇章可以是分段、分层、分句背, 再连起来背;回忆背诵---先熟读, 再试背, 背不下去的地方再翻看原文;解体背诵---把篇章解体为开头、中间、结尾部分, 各个击破;等等。当然, 教师要灵活采取多种形式, 如配乐式、表演式、问答式、接龙式、师生合作、生生合作、分组比赛等, 以此调动学生背诵的积极性, 激发背诵的兴趣。
(三) 鼓励背诵和读、写结合, 与运用结合。
背诵是一种记忆活动, 根据艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线, 背诵的内容过一段时间便会遗忘。教师要引导学生用笔记录背诵的内容, 还要鼓励学生敢于在生活和学习中、在写作中运用所背诵的知识, 让学生在运用中获得欢乐, 产生对知识的渴求, 愿意并主动背诵, 以积累更多的知识。
背诵是大量输入和输出语言信息的有效途径, 是语言学习和语言教学行之有效的方法。通过背诵, 学生能注意文字细节, 如读音、搭配、句型、结构等, 能很好地建起语料库, 在进行写作等语言输出时, 更流利、准确地运用语言知识, 使语言知识的积累实现从量变到质变的飞跃, 为真正的英语交际打下牢固的基础。
摘要：中职学生英语基础差, 学习方法不当, 学习习惯欠佳, 在写作中对已学的语言知识不能充分利用使其转换成语言输出的产品。因此, 提高中职学生的语言输入, 克服母语的负迁移, 必须依靠最佳的语言输入进行大量的练习。本文以语言输入和输出理论为依据, 探讨“背诵”对中职英语写作的影响, 提出如何有效提高背诵效率, 以提高英语写作水平。
关键词：背诵,中职,英语写作
参考文献
[1]邓鹂鸣.注重背诵输入, 克服英语写作中的负迁移[J].外语教学, 2001 (4) .
[2]桂诗春.应用语言学[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社, 1998.
[3]陈力静.背诵输入在中职英语写作教学中的应用[D].硕士学位论文, 华东师范大学, 2010.
[4]刘霞, 黄海山.英语教学中实施背诵式语言输入研究[J].边疆经济与文化, 2012 (1) .
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