定语从句中关系词的用法（精选5篇）
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.
He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.
I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.
3. why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。
例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略)
上句也可以这样表示：
That is the reason I did the job.
又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.
关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：
1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：
*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.
*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.
**This is the hospital where my mother works.
**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.
***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.
***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .
2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：
Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)
This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)
英语中的关系副词由：where,when和 why。这三个关系副词很多情况下，都可以用介词+关系代词来替换。
where=in /at /to+which;
when=in /on /at+which;
why=for +which.
有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.
3) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。
I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
This is my second time I have come to your country.
1.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。
2. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
答案 B
3 .After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where
答案 D
解析 本题考查定语从句关系词的确定。英语中，point/situation/case等作先行词，其后的关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where（相当于in which）。该定语从句缺少地点状语，因此用where。
4.Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
答案 D
5.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A.who B.which C.why D.when
1.We lef t t he day (t hat/when/on whi ch) he ar r i ved.他来的那一天我们就走了。 (新英汉词典1995.)
2.I know t he place (t hat/i n whi ch/wher e) you saw hi m.我熟悉你曾见到他的那个地方。 (英汉大词典1996.陆谷孙)
3.He doesn’t see t hi ngs t he way (t hat/i n whi ch) we see t hem.他看问题的方式和我们不一样。 (新英汉词典1995.)
4.The speed (t hat/at whi ch) he dr i ves I’m sur pr i sed he’s not ki lled hi mself.以他开车的速度他居然没撞死真是奇怪。 (朗文现代英汉双解词典.1988)
5.The di r ect i on (t hat/i n whi ch) we’r e goi ng i s opposi t e.我们走的方向是相反的。 (麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典.2005)
从上述例句中, 我们不难发现t hat并不是我们最熟悉的关系代词, 而是做关系副词使用。一般来说t hat可以用when wher e why或介词+whi ch结构来替换, 当然也可以省去不用。那么究竟什么语境下t hat可以作为关系副词使用呢?通常来说, 当定语从句中被修饰词 (先行词) 是表示时间、地点、原因、方式和方向速度等词语时, 常用t hat来表示状语概念, 突出先行词的准确性和明确性。虽然t hat可以作关系副词使用, 但它还是多做关系代词使用。但是即便如此, 对其特殊用法我们也不尽了解。
在平时教学和考试中, 我们通常认为关系代词只能指代主句中的主语, 宾语或表语等名词性成分。事实上, 关系代词还可以指代动词或动词短语, 定语从句也可以修饰谓语部分。如果主句谓语是动词性谓语, 那么关系代词which就指代谓语的行为或动作。如果主句谓语是系表结构, 那么which就指代其表语成分。再如:
One was a vi olent t hunder st or m, t he wor st I had ever seen, whi ch obscur ed my obj ect i ve.有一次是暴风骤雨, 猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。 (英汉翻译教程.张培基.1997) (which指代a violent thunderstorm)
此外, which在定语从句中还可以作关系形容词 (relat ive adj ect ives) 使用。关系形容词是指那些必须带宾语才能表述某种特定意义的形容词。关系形容词是由关系代词转化而来的, 兼有关系代词和连接词作用。我们先来看几个句子:
1.We t old hi m t o go t o consult a doct or, whi ch advi ce he t ook.我叫他去看医生, 他接受了这个建议。 (新英汉词典1995.) (修饰advice)
2.We t r avelled t oget her as f ar as Par i s, at whi ch place we par t ed company.我们一路同行直到巴黎, 在那儿我们分了手。 (英汉大词典1996.陆谷孙) (修饰place)
3.It st or med all day, dur i ng whi ch t i me t he shi p br oke up.暴风雨持续了一整天, 就在这段时间里船破裂了。 (同上) (修饰time)
4.Your clai m ought t o succeed, i n whi ch case t he damages wi ll be subst ani al.你的索赔应当能成功, 假如这样的话, 损害赔偿金将会相当可观。 (牛津高阶英汉双解词典.2008.第六版) (修饰case)
从以上句子我们不难看出which在作关系形容词使用时, 后面总是要紧跟着一个名词来作它的主体修饰成分, 从而形成特定的含义。如何区分which作关系代词和关系副词的用法呢?我们再来看两个句子:
5.He comes f r om Aust r ali a, whi ch count r y I want ver y much t o go t o.他来自澳洲, 我很想去这个国家。
6.He comes f r om Aust r ali a, whi ch Iwant ver y much t o go t o.
在句5中which后面紧接名词count r y, 所以是关系形容词, 而句6中whi ch后面没有接任何名词, 因此它是关系代词。这样我们就能很容易分清which作关系形容词的用法了。
其实, 任何语言知识的学习都不是一朝一夕的, 我们需要在不断地学习中积累语言素材, 认真思考并勇于探索语言的规律和奥秘。这样我们的学习和研究才会更有意义。最后让我们用两句英语谚语来聊以自勉吧。
Ti me st ays not t he f ool's lei sur e. (时间不等闲逛的傻瓜, 不要再坐着等待梦的实现)
Ther e i s no t i me li ke t he pr esent.
(现在正是时候, 让我们从一点一滴学起, 为我们的未来铺平道路)
参考文献
[1]新英汉词典.1995.上海译文出版社
[2]英汉大词典.1996.陆谷孙.上海译文出版社
[3]朗文现代英汉双解词典.1988.现代出版社
[4]麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典.2005.外语与研究出版社
[5]科技英语词典.1996.科技出版社
[6]牛津高阶英汉双解词典.2008.第六版.牛津大学出版社
关系词按照它们在从句中所充当的成分可以分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose, as, but；关系副词有：when , where, why, as, that。
关系词在句中有三个方面的作用：
1. 连接。正像任何一个从句与主句之间都需要连接词一样，定语从句中起连接主句和从句作用的词就是关系词。虽然有时尤其是关系代词作宾语时可以省略关系词，但作为定语从句与主句的连接，关系词是必不可少的。
2. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词充当代词所能充当的成分，即作主语，宾语，表语或定语；其中，whom一般只作宾语，whose只作定语并表示所属关系，as用于such或same之后，but用于不定代词之后；关系副词在定语从句中只作状语；其中that用于先行词是way并且从句需要关系副词时（相当于in which）或在the time when等结构中代替when。
3. 代替先行词。先行词即被修饰的名词或代词。关系词代替先行词有三个层面的含义：
a. 代替先行词的意义。这就意味着关系词是没有自己固定的意义的（非限制性定语从句中的as和which往往译成“这”），它在句子中的意义由先行词决定。
b. 代替先行词的人称和数。关系词的人称和数由先行词决定，这一点在关系代词作定语从句的主语时尤其重要。如：He is a man who never leaves today’s work till tomorrow. All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.
c. 定语从句中不会再出现先行词或指代先行词的代词。也就是说，如果一个从句中出现了先行词或指代先行词的代词，那么这个从句就不会是定语从句。如：This is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out .应该为一个such ... that结构中的结果状语从句；而This is such a difficult problem as no one can work out. 才是一个由as引导的定语从句。 再如：As we expect, he finished the work on time. 此句中我们就不能在expect后接上宾语it，否则就不是一个定语从句。
【练习】
1. The woman____________is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
2. Because of my poor memory, all____________you told me has been forgotten.
A. thatB. which C. what D. as
3. Do you remember those days____________we spent along the seashore very happily?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
4. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera he lost last week.
A. whichB. that C. whom D. as
5. Who is the woman____________is sweeping the floor over there?
A. whoB. / C. that D. when
6. The man____________you talked just now is a worker.
A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who
7. The doctor____________is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
8. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____________were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
9. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that
C. most of whomD. most of those
10. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask____________knows better than I.
A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one
11. This is the school we visited three days ago.
A. whereB. /C. whenD. what
12. This is the factory____________we worked a year ago.
A. whereB. thatC. which D. on which
13. Nearby were two canoes____________they had come to the island.
A. whichB. in which C. that D. /
14. Do you work near the building____________colour is yellow?
A. thatB. which C. its D. whose
15. Is this school____________we visited three years ago?
A. the oneB. which C. that D. where
16. Is this the school____________we visited three years ago?
A. the oneB. whereC. in which D. /
17. Alice received an invitation from her boss,____________came as a surprise.
A. itB. whichC. that D. he
18. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage____________already seven other people.
A. when there wereB. which there were
C. that there wereD. where there were
19. — What game is popular with them?
— The____________most is tennis.
A. game they like it B. game they like
C. best game they like D. best game they like it
20. They stayed with me three weeks,____________
they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time
C. during the time D. during which
21. Don’t forget the day____________you were received into the Youth League.
A. when B. that C. at which D. where
22.____________is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
23. I have bought two pens,____________write well.
A. none of whichB. neither of which
C. both of which D. all of which
24. He failed in the exam,____________proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. whichB. whatC. itD. that
25. We should read such books____________will make us better and wiser.
A. whenB. asC. whoseD. what
26. I shall never forget those years____________I lived in the country with the farmers,____________has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which
C. which, that D. when, who
27. I don’t like____________you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way whichD. the way of which
28. That is one of those books that____________
worth reading.
A. isB. are C. has D. have
29. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting____________the best.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
30. There was____________to prevent the accident.
A. something could do
B. anything we could do
C. nothing we couldn’t do
D. nothing we could do
【参考答案】
1~5 BACDC 6~10 CCDCA 11~15 BABDA
一、主谓一致
这是指关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词一致的问题。
1、取决于先行词，先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数。
Eg，Mr Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you.The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to seee you.2、“one of+可数名词复数”后的定语从句，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only/ very/right one of+可数名词复数”后的定语从句，谓语动词用单数形式。Eg，Jeff is one of the students who were awarded.杰夫是当时获奖的学生之一。
Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded.杰夫是唯一一个获奖的学生。
二、宜用that不用which的情况
that 和which在定语从句中都可以做主语或宾语，指物。作宾语时，均可省略。通常情况下，二者可以互换使用。但有时不可以随便互换。
1、当先行词是指物的不定代词，如all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等或被不定代词修饰时。Eg, You should hand in all tht you have.I did nothing that might hurt you.2、当先行词有the only，the same，the very，the last等词修饰时。Eg，These articles are the very ones that should be read.Charring was the only thing that interested her most.3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Eg，This is the best film that has been seen shown so far in the city.He was the first that gave us some useful advice.4、当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Eg，Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics can not join electric wires?
5、当先行词有两个或两个以上，并且分别表示人和物时。
Eg，She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.三、宜用which不用that的情况
1、先行词本身就是that时。
Eg，What’s that which flashed in the sky just now
2、在定语从句中作介词宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。Eg，I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these coins.四、宜用who不用that的情况
1、先行词如果是指人的不定代词或指示代词，如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody,anybody, none, those等时。
Eg，Anyone whos wants to swim writes his name on a piece of paper.Those who have good manners will be respected.2、当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时。
1. 定语从句如果修饰人，常常用关系代词who，有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。例如：
He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语， 就应当用whom或that， 但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略，且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如：
Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是，如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom。例如：
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
如果表示“……的”时，就用who的所有格whose。例如：
Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗？
whose的先行词也可是物。例如：
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
2. 定语从句如果修饰“物”，用关系代词that的时候较多，有时也用which。例如：
It‘s a computer which / that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时，往往都会把它省略。例如：
The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的`那件礼物非常漂亮。
在介词的后面只能用which。例如：
This is the book about which they are talking. 这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。
3. 定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时，用关系副词when。例如：
I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。
4. 定语从句修饰地点名词时，用关系副词where。例如：
This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。
5. 定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时，用关系副词why。例如：
I know the reason why she didn‘t come yesterday. 我知道她昨天没来的原因。
★ where引导什么从句先行词是什么
★ and that引导什么从句
★ 宾语从句练习题
★ 宾语从句的练习题
★ 初中宾语从句练习题
★ which one引导什么从句
★ knowingthat引导的什么从句
★ 名词性宾语从句相关知识解释
★ when引导什么从句可以省略主语
【定语从句中关系词的用法】推荐阅读：
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定语从句专题02-15
英语名言定语从句01-08
定语从句整理版03-03
定语从句和名词性从句练习及答案09-13
限制性定语从句的语法学习10-15
定语从句易考点透视09-17
which引导定语从句10-04
定语从句说课稿01-08
高中定语从句教学设计06-17
