高考英语作文演讲稿指导
1.认真审题（视图），明确写作目的和文体要求。2.理清内容要点，确定写作顺序。3.依据要点，写出提纲。
4.选择熟悉句型和用语组织（10-12个）句子，表达意思为准，切忌直译，完成草稿。
5.校对细节,检查语句和措辞，在草稿纸上完成所有改动。6.将定稿誊写到在试卷上，不再作任何改动
一、将简单句子进行改造
1.强调句：可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型状语变成强调句式。
It was not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag on the shop counter.2.倒装句：
Only in this way/by this means can we have a cleaner environment and brighter future.In no case can we ignore the importance/significance of carrying out quality education in our country.我们绝不能忽视…的重要性。3.恰到好处的被动句：
I searched all my pockets, but nothing was found.In my opinion, a series of effective measures is supposed to be taken to stop the disease from spreading.The importance of traffic safety must be paid special attention to.In my opinion, special attention should be paid to protecting our eyesight.4.感叹句：通常用于开头结尾活跃文章气氛，凡是“I feel ……”之类表达感情的句子皆可如此改造。
How terrible I felt today!I failed again in the math exam.5.“数词+名词”变为“as many as/up to +数词+名词”表达“多达…”
As many as ten years ago, my hometown used to be covered by forests.6.巧妙地使用非谓语动词：可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。He stood there and looked out of the window.---He stood there, looking out of the window.His parents died so that he became an orphan.His parents died , thus leaving him an orphan.（结果）
Hearing that, the driver’s wife quickly added that her husband often talked nonsense after drinking.(低级形式：When she heard that, ……)7.巧妙运用过渡词，副词，关联词
Therefore，however, fortunately, completely, totally, obviously , consequently, as a result…
二、使用高级句式
1.Nothing is more delightful/important than to do… 2.There is no denying that ……（不可否认的是 ……）It goes without saying that ……（不容置疑……）There is no doubt that ……（毫无疑问……）No one can deny the fact that… It is impossible to deny that…
例：There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.3.It is universally/ generally considered/known accepted/ believed that大家普遍认为…
It is generally accepted that taking in too much fat does harm to our health 4.It is evident/ obvious /clear that…很明显… Obviously,…
5.We should spare no effort to make more people aware of the importance of …我们应该不遗余力让更多的人明白 ……
6.Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.使得某人得以做。。
7.With the increase/growth of the population, … 随着人口的增加¸… With the popularity of the Internet, 随着因特网的普及…
With the advance of science and technology, …随着科技的进步, … With the rapid development China’s economy，8.As an old saying goes ,“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” As an old saying goes, “No garden is without its weeds.”
9.In my opinion/As far as I am concerned/As far as I know/ Personally speaking,在我看来
In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but also is harmful to physical and mental health.10.to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, in one word, in short 简言之，总之 10.I firmly believe that…
I hold the firm belief that…我坚信…
11.When it comes to(说起)……, I think it is better to do… than to do… When it comes to shopping online, I…
12.Every coin has two sides, but in my opinion, there is no doubt that… 凡事都有两面性，…
13.The pros outweigh the cons./ The advantages outweigh disadvantages.利大于弊。When it comes to…,in my opinion, it is obvious that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.14.We can never stress the importance of… too much.In no case can we ignore the importance of… More examples 1.Many experts in the field of health say in order to be physically and mentally healthy we can never ignore the importance of having a healthy lifestyle.2.As you can see from what has been mentioned above, I am sure I can be a qualified volunteer.3.As everyone knows, no one can deny that…
4.Taking all these factors into consideration/ account,(将所有因素都考虑在内)I firmly believe that… 5.As students, it is our duty to help raise public awareness of…（提高公众对…的意识）
一、认真审题, 拟定提纲, 写出各段主题句, 丰富文章内容及设亮点。
1.认真审题。拿到题目后, 首先要认真审题, 看题目的要求是什么, 要点是什么, 以及特殊要求是什么。确定文章的时态及文体, 是议论文还是记叙文? 对分几段写有无要求? 认真审清题目的文字或图片, 构思提纲, 切忌偏题、离题, 东拉西扯, 一定要避免条理不清、重点不突出的失误。把握全部要点, 理清脉络, 既不能无中生有, 又不要漏掉要点。为了避免写作时遗漏要点, 最好用笔把信息划下来, 以免出错。根据汉语提示简化文章要点, 将要点短语化、短语句子化。
2.列出文章框架, 写下提纲。对一篇书面表达来说, 理清文章结构和框架, 写出各段主题句是很重要的。一定要先确定文章的结构, 注意合理布局, 即整篇文章分几段, 每段写什么, 涵盖哪些知识点。一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段, 每段的主题句非常重要, 是段落内容的高度概括。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。将段落主题置于段落的开头, 可使文章结构更清晰, 让读者对文章内容一目了然, 再根据需要将句子归为各段。
3.连句成篇。遣词造句时, 要注意语法正确、选词恰当、长短句结合;组句成篇时, 要注意巧妙过渡、行文流畅、衔接连贯, 恰当地使用连接词。部分学生在行文过程中, 喜欢将句子任意堆砌, 这主要是因为他们不会灵活运用衔接词。
4.认真修改。写完后要快速阅读一遍文章 , 检查单词拼写、语法和标点是否正确。没有把握的词和句子一定不能用, 不要把不会的词空一格出来。此外, 一定要保持卷面整齐美观, 高考“书面表达”的质量, 既反映在表达内容上, 又反映在书形式上。
二、必须掌握一定的写作技巧。
在用词方面, 考生应尽量学会地道的英语表达, 适度运用一些高级词汇, 并运用一些较复杂的语法结构, 如各种从句、强调句、倒装句、非谓语动词等。全文句式要富于变化, 长短句结合。注意文章的连贯性, 准确使用承上启下的过渡词, 使全文结构紧凑。
表示顺序的:first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not theleast, first and most important等;
表示时间的:in the past, now, at present, in the future, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, lately, as soon as, afterwards, now, after a while等;
表示转折的:however, while, onthecontrary, atthesametime, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately等;
表示递进的:besides, what’s more, furthermore, moreover, in addition, furthermore, moreover, as well as等;
表示并列时的:and, as well as, also, both ... and, neither ...Nor, either ... or等;
表示原因的:as a result, owing to, due to, because of, therefore, thanks to, because, as, since, for等;
表示让步的:although, after all, in spite of, despite, even if, even though, though等;
表示举例的:for example, for instance, such as, take ... forexample等;
表示结果的:asaresult, thus, hence, so, therefore, consequently, as a consequence等;
表示归纳总结的:finally, in a word, in the end, in conclusion, in short, in general, to sum up, to conclude等;
表示对比的:on one hand, on the other hand, while等;
表示解释的:in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, thatis, namely等;
表示程度的:first of all, above all, again and again等。
三、几种常见的英语句式结构。
1.主语+不及物动词, 如:He arrived at six last night.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语 , 如 :I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.
3.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语, 如:Please tell mea story now.
4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语, 如:I found it impossible to work with him.
5.主语+系动词+表语, 如:He is a Chinese boy.The grass turnsgreen in spring.
另外, There be ...句型, 表示存在某种事物, 如:There is apicture on the wall.
四、写文章时常用句子。
1.引出话题。 Recently, the problem of ... has aroused people’s concern.最近, ……问题已引起人们的关注。
It is commonly believed that ...人们一般认为……
With the development of science and technology, more andmore people believe that ... 随着科技的发展, 越来越多的人认为……
2.引出不同观点。People’s views on ... vary from person toperson. Some hold that ... However, others believe that ...人们……的观点因人而异.有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……
People may have different opinions about ...人们对……可能会有不同的见解。
Different people hold different attitudes toward sth.不同的人态度各不相同。
3.论证的句子。From my point of view, I can’t agree with theidea that ...在我看来, 我无法完全同意这一观点……
In my opinion, it is adj. to do ... than to do ... 在我个人看来, 做……比做……更……
4.解决办法。 There are some suggestions for solving ...这 是如何处理某事的一些建议
The best way to solve the troubles is ...解决这些事的最好办法是……
5.批判错误观点。
As far as sth.is concerned ...就某事而言……
It was obvious that ...很显然……
There is no evidence to suggest that ...没有证据表明……
6.给出原因。 There are three reasons for this./The reasons forthis are as follows.
Why did ...? For one thing ..., for another ...为什么会……?一个原因是……
另一个原因是……
I quite agree with it that ... The reasons are as follows.我十分赞同……其原因如下:
7.表示优缺点。There are some advantages/disadvantages.
It is beneficial to us./It is of great benefit to us./It does us a lotof good.
It has more disadvantages than advantages.
It will do much harm to us./ It is harmful to us.
8.表示重要、必要。It is important (necessary, difficult, possible) for sb.to do sth.
Sth.plays an important role in our daily life.
9.表示措施。We should take some effective measures/try ourbest to do sth.
10.表示变化。Some great changes have taken place in the pastfive years in some place.
11.提出建议。It is high time that ...该是我们……的时候了。Only in this way can we ...只有这样, 我们才能……
12.预示后果。No doubt, unless we take some effective measures, it is very likely that ...
毫无疑问, 除非我们采取有效措施, 要不然可能会……
13.结尾。Therefore, we’d better draw the conclusion that ...因此, 我们最好得出这样的结论……
高考英语看图作文通常是给出一幅或两幅或多幅图片，要求考生仔细分析图片内容,并通过文字形式将图中所包含的思想内容准确地表达出来。一般来说,所给图片均反映某一社会现象或社会现实。
看图进行书面表达的基本要求是：认真审图、确定主题、提炼要点、展开联想、变点为句、连句成篇。要达到这些要求,我们就必须认真审图,善于利用图中人物间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所、以及图中的文字说明和标识来提炼要点；要有敏锐的观察力,利用图片中的所有信息,揣摩、推测出题者的意图,确定图片所表达的中心思想。
Fame usually comes to those who are thinking something else. (O. W. Holmes )
二、高考英语看图作文的写作技巧
1. 仔细审题：包括文体、人称、时态。理解到位：整体把握整幅图或一组图的连贯性理解及题目要求。
2.归纳要点：保证文章内容的完整。基础到位：用简单句写整幅图或每幅图的主题句。
3.扩展成句：注意英语表达的习惯,根据提纲扩展句子。细节到位：注意整幅图或每幅图的次要内容(时间、地点、方式、原因等)。
4.连句成篇：利用一些表示转折、因果、选择等关系的关联词和过渡句,把句子连接起来。表达到位：按情节发展先后,承上启下整理成文。
5.全面检查：格式、文体、要点、语法、字数等。检查到位：对照整幅图或每幅图,检查全文定稿。
三、例题
下面以2011年江苏省高考英语书面表达为例,谈谈高考英语看图作文的写作方法。
下面这幅照片展现了女儿为回家妈妈拿包的情景。请根据你对这幅照片的理解用英语写一篇短文。
你的短文应包含以下内容：
1.描述照片内容,如情景、人物、动作,等等；
2.结合自身实际,谈谈你的感想；
3.举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。
注意：
1.可参照图中文字及下面文章开头所给提示,作必要的发挥想象。
2.词数150左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。
3.作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
The burden of students has been a hot topic for years,but the load of parents has received little attention,especially from their own children．
【分析】
1.文体的确定
根据题目要求包含的内容,第一条“描述照片内容,如情景、人物、动作,等等”和第三条“举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么”。说明要用记叙文来写,而第二条“结合自身实际,谈谈你的感想”说明要用议论文来写。总的来说这篇短文的体裁是夹叙夹议。
2.人称和时态的确定
根据题目要求包含的内容,第一条“描述照片内容,如情景、人物、动作,等等”应该用第三人称,第二条“结合自身实际,谈谈你的感想”和第三条“举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么”应该用第一人称；无论是“描述照片内容”还是“谈谈你的感想”都要用一般现在时。
3.归纳要点
根据所给图片和题目要求,可归纳要点如下：
(1)The girl remove the bag from her mother’s shoulder．
(2)The mom feels happy and thankful and kneels down．
(3)I think of myself. I am busy studying all day. I don’t pay attention to my mother’s needs and feling．
(4)I should help to share my mother’s daily burden to be a good daugher．
4.扩展成句、连句成篇、全文定稿
The burden of students has been a hot topic for years,but the load of parents has received little attention,especially from their own children．
The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work, The girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response, the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels．
All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could to let me have the best. But totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what my mother needs and feels, and think studying well is the only thing I could do in return. Now I know I can do my bit to help with the everyday washing, bedroom cleaning or at least prepare breakfast myself,so as to share my mother’s daily burden. The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daugher than a “good”student．
【提示】
看图作文的“图”不局限于某一类型的图,如漫画、广告,也包括其他图画、照片、图表等情景材料。考生可根据情景图示的寓意、内容或情节线索,自己组织文字、进行描述、叙述、比较或表达思想观点。作文应覆盖提示的要点,但应避免仅根据提示文字作简单翻译。
巩
固
练
习
练习一
下图反映了一社会问题,请你根据对下图的理解用英语写一篇短文,讲述一下你对此现象的看法。
注意：
1.仔细品位漫画中的幽默和无奈,不要做简单描述
2.词数150左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。
3.文中不得提到考生所在学校和本人姓名。
People are concerned that we seem to spend more time watching TV than reading books．
练习二
下面显示了某校高三学生周末放假的学习生活情况。
Ways to spend the weekend
The jealous are troublesome to others, but a torment to themselves. (W. Penn)
根据上图信息,请以“Ways to spend the weekend”为题,写一篇150词左右的英语短文。要求如下：
1.简要描述图中的信息；
2.说明原因(为了高效学习；锻炼身体；争分夺秒……)；
3.谈谈你的看法。
练习三
仔细观察下面两幅图画，运用合理的想像和推理，用英语写一篇短文，阐明人与环境的关系及其重要性。
注意：
1. 短文应包括两幅图画的内容。
2. 词数100左右。
3. 参考词汇：沙丘 sand dune,进 advance，退 retreat，水土保持 water and soil conservation
提示：这是一篇看图作文,作文体裁夹叙夹议,先描写图画内容,人们滥伐森林,造成水土流失,导致沙丘、沙尘暴的产生,人们重新植树,有效抵制沙丘的进攻；再议论图画所暗示的深刻含义,呼吁人们重视生态平衡。
【参考范文】
练习一
People are concerned that we seem to spend more time wat ching TV than reading books. “If reading books is so important, how come you never see people on television doing it？” What can you say if challenged by the little innocent girl in the picture？ Unfortunately the little girl has found out that in modern life TV plays such an important role that we seldom have time for books. More and more “television time” or even “Internet time” is taking the place of “reading time”, which does more harm than good to us.
Reading is more important to everyone, especially us students. Books help us have access to all the great knowledge of mankind. With a good book in our hand, we will not feel lonely, as we can make friends with the various characters in books. Through books, we can also learn about people and places from other parts of the world．
It is my firm belief that reading is one of the greatest pleasures in life and books, rather than the television, will remain our friend．
练习二
Ways to spend the weekend
As can be seen from the chart, senior three students have different ways to spend their weekends. Going back home and having a good rest is what most students would like to do, while 25% students choose to study at school during weekends. The least students, accounting for 15%, take outdoor activities, to spend their weekends．
Various reasons are responsible for their different choices. Those who choose to go back home believe that a good rest does help them relax and work more efficiently during the school time. Outdooractivity lovers hold the opinion that taking exercise is a wonderful way to refresh themselves. However, a small number of students living far away from home tend to study at school to save every minute to study．
Personally, despite the study pressure, senior three year doesn’t necessarily mean studying all the time. Sometimes a good rest and proper exercise can be of vital importance．
练习三
As is shown in the pictures,trees play an important part in water and soil conservation. In the left picture, people are fleeing from sand dunes because they cut down all trees. In the right picture, people have planted many trees and the sand has retreated．
People should realize the important relation between human and nature. If we continue to destroy forests, destroy the balance of nature, the real victims will be us humans．
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的是我们的教育制度令人不满意。
3.... the + 最高级+ 名词 + (that) + 主语 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc.)
... the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主语 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc.)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Zhang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
4. Those who...(……的人……)
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
5. It pays to... (……是值得的)
例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
6. Nothing is +比较级+than to + V. /Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V.
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
7. An advantage of ... is that ...(……的优点是……)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create /produce any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
8. The reason why ...is that ...(……的原因是……)
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. 我们必须种树的`原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
9. So + 形容词 + be + 主语 + that + 句子(如此……以致于……)
例句：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
10. adj. + as +主语+ be, 主语+谓语…… (虽然……)
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
11. The +比较级..., the +比较级... (越……越……)
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。
12. On no account can we...(我们绝对不能……)
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
13. It is time that...(该是……的时候了)
例句：It is time that the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
14. There is no denying that ...(不可否认的……)
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的是，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
15. There is no one but...(没有人不……)
周围的环境（Surrounded environments）
话题体裁
我们生活在一个物质世界里，周围环境给我们提供学习、生活、工作和娱乐的场所。该话题的写作与我们的生活学习息息相关，写作题目常常以应用文体裁，如写书信介绍某一环境状况或变化；写便条告诉活动地点；写日记记录自己的行踪；向游客介绍旅游景点等。有时也出现纯说明文体裁写作。
话题内容
周围环境的描写分为动态和静态描写。有关该话题的写作常设计三方面的内容，一是简单介绍某一环境状况，属于静态描写，如家庭院落、房屋装修、家居等摆设、图书馆等公共设施环境等；二是环境状况的发展和变化，属于相对动态描写，如家乡环境的变化、学校面貌的改变等；三是沿一定路线描述沿途环境状况，属于动态描写，如参加野餐或郊游的路线、参加朋友party的指导或旅游、集会等活动的安排等。
话题词汇
1.表示地理位置的动词有：lie;locate;situated等，可翻译成“位于某地；坐落在某处”等。
2.表述行动路线有：go along the road;go straight ahead;go up/down/into/out of
等，可以翻译成“沿着某条路走；直着向前走；向前/后/里/外走”等：take this road走某路/取道„;take the second turn在第二个拐弯处拐弯。。
3.表示距离的词语有：about 5-minute’s ride/drive/walk骑车/开车/步行大约5分
钟的路程
话题句型
周围环境的描写可以参考以下表达方式：
1.静态描述可以用：
（1）„is/lies in/on/to the east /west/south/north of the„某地处在某地的东/西/南/北方；
（2）„is located/situated in/on/to the east/west/south/north某地坐落在某地的东/西/南/北；也可以用倒装结构。如：There is /stands/lies„in/on/to„„在某处；On/in /to the east/west/south/north of„is/lies„在某地的东/西/南/北方坐落着。。；Located/situated/seated in/on/to the „is坐落在某处的是。。
2.动态描述可以用：
（1）Go down/up/on/along the „till you get to„沿。。路走下去，直到。。
（2）Go on/through„and you will get to/see„沿。。路走/穿过，你就能看到。。
（3）Take„and turn right/left at the first/second turning.走。。路在第一/二个拐角处朝右/左拐
（4）It is about 5 minutes’ walk/ride/drive away from here.步行/骑车/开车大约5分钟的路程。
话题作文
李华的加拿大笔友Peter发来E-mail说，今年暑假，他想选择中国的某处村庄来体验乡村生活，希望他能介绍一个理想的地方，去信描述某具体的地理位置和简要概述，并简单介绍其历史和发展变化，请以李华的名义，按要求写封回信。词数120-150
写作指导
本文属于地点描述类说明文。作者为笔友介绍了自己的家乡，最后还将热情好客的村民介绍进来。适用的时态以现在时态为主，介绍发展历史可以用过去时；人称用第一或第三人称。佳作欣赏
Dear Peter,I’m glad to know that you are going to visit a village of our country this summer holiday.I’d like to introduce my hometown to you.I really wish you can enjoy it.My hometown lies in a mountainous area, and to the north of it is a high mountain which is famous for its green plants and magical fog.In the south of our village runs a small river, in which the water is so clean that we can see the reflected houses and green trees.There are many old and interesting houses and yards as well as some modern buildings in our village, and I think you will love it.Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past few years.Many roads have been built connecting our village with other villages and cities.People’s living standards have been greatly improved and they live a better life than before, and they will give you a warm welcome when you come.Look forward to seeing you soon.Yours,Li Hua
一试身手
为配合你市开展的“全民健身”活动，你校决定举行一次名为“微型马拉松”的长跑比赛。请你以学生会（The Students Union）的名义在5月1日前用英文写一个书面通知，词数120-150.具体内容如下：
1.时间和地点安排：
5月4日下午2：00前在学校操场集合；3：00（风雨无阻）开始比赛；最后回到操场总结。
2.参加人员：
每班至少10名学生(欢迎其他同学和教师参加)。
3.要求：
参考词汇：
1.慢等生：catch up with sb. ; become dependent on sth.依赖……
2.中等生：surpass vt.超过
3.快等生：more competitive 更有竞争力的
Why Students Have Tutors(家教)?
Les’s take one class, either in primary or high school, as an example and divide it into three groups: the slow, the middle, and the fast learners. In the past, the slow learners used to have tutors. Today, however, it seems all of them have tutors for one reason or another.
The slow learners need tutors because they can’t catch up with others with their own efforts. They have difficulty in understanding the teachers and doing their homework.. So after C class tutoring is really important to them. But the problem is that they may become dependent on tutors and not work very hard in class.
As to the middle group learners, they worry about being surpassed and turn to tutors, too.
What about the fast learners? Though they are confident about their present position, they are not quite satisfied. They fix their eyes on a high goal. They desire to learn more in order to be more competitive later.
I think they have the right to have tutors, though I have no tutors.
2. 阅读下面这封中学生来信(摘自 China Daily 21 Century).
Dear Editor:
I am a new student at No. 1 Middle School of Chongqing. My home is far from Chongqing, so I must live at school. This is the first time for me to get away from my parents. I feel very sad. When I left home, I could hardly tearing myself away from them. .I do not want to be alone at school, and I am a shy girl. I have been crying in bed at night these days. I want to stay at home forever. I miss my parents very much.. Could you tell me what to do ?
Your early reply is expected.
Regards
Amy
请根据以上内容，写一封回信(信的开头已为你好。词数120左右)。
回信应包括如下要点;
1.鼓励Amy坚定求学信心，志存高远，四海为家。
2.就Amy的目前状况，提两到三个建议。
Dear Amy:
Thank you for your letter. I am so glad to have a talk about your present situation with you.
People often miss their parents the first time they leave home. Most people do have to leave home for higher education or employment. You cannot live with your parents forever. I think you should realize that present separation will help your academic development and your improvement of personal ability.
You need to make friend in your school, sharing ideas with your classmates who are physically closest to you now. Maybe you will still miss your parents, but your new friends will bring happiness and joy to your new life. Also I suggest you enjoy yourself by taking an active part in different kinds of activities in school. You will get much pleasure from it.
Wish you happy every day.
Faithfully yours
Editor
3. 众所周知，2008年奥运会将在北京举行。为了办好这次国际盛会，北京市将进一步改善环境，修建更多的体育场馆。与此同时，提高市民的素质和修养也势在必得，因为文明的举止在国际交往中非常重要。作为年轻人，我们自身也存在着一些不文明行为。请列举你所观察到的`一些不文明行为(三种以上)，并就此做出评论或提出建议。
It is known to all that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. In order to make it successful event, we will improve the environment of Beijing and build more venues . As the same time ,it is necessary for us to improve the quality and culture of the citizens as manners play an important role in international communication. I notice that sometimes some young people don’t behave properly in our daily lives. For example ,spitting in public places can be seen somewhere .The lawns are entered in the park although it is not right to do so .The flowers in public garden are picked .What is worse , rubbish and plastic bags are thrown on the ground in the street .
In my opinion, these bad behaviors will make bad impressions upon visitors to China . So every one of us should form good habits from now on.
4. 肥胖已经成为危害人们健康的严重问题，中小学生的肥胖趋势更为明显。你们班对此展开讨论。根据不同的观点，写一篇100词左右的短文。
1.肥胖危害健康，应该节食，锻炼，预防肥胖。已经超重的，应该采取措施减肥。
2.中学生长身体的时候，减肥会影响身体发育，也会影响学习，因此应该顺其自然。
肥胖：fatness
Fatness is one of the serious problems which have a bad effect on our health. And at present the situation in the teenagers is even worse, As to this, a discussion was carried out in our class.
Some students think fatness does harm to our health, so it is necessary to be on a diet and take suitable exercise to prevent it. Those who are overweight should take measures to lose weight to be healthy.
But others have a different opinion. They say losing weight will be bad for the teenagers during their growth course, as well as their studies. So there is no doubt to leave it as it is.
5. 请根据下面的英文短诗，展开适当的想象，写一篇短文。
标题为：My Teacher Mr Moore
There’s a teacher Mr .Moore.
Who is lovely and therty-four.
Always encouraging us to try.
He leads us to a world of“why”.
We all admire him more and more.
注意：
1. 不得照抄短诗原文。
2. 必须结合短诗的内容，发挥想象，适当展开。
3. 必须突出短诗的主题，结构完整，语意连贯。
4. 短文不能写成诗歌形式。5. 词数：120左右。
My Teacher Mr Moore
Of all my teachers,Mr. Moore is the one who impresses me most.,Though he is 34,he looks very young for hes age.And he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school.
Compared with other teachers ,Mr.Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching .He tries various ways to make his classes lively and interesting .In his opinion,we should not only know “what”, but also understand “why”.So ,instead of giving us answers immediately ,he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.With his help.we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problem. What a wonderful world of “why”he leads us to!
He is such a learned person that we all admire hem very much.
6. 哈尔滨第六制药厂研制了一种新药，药品已经被外商定购。请你根据提示为该厂产品写一份使用说明书：
1 本药品为中药(traditional Chinese medicine)，对肺病疗效显著。
2 常量：每天三次，一次三粒，根据情况可以加服1-2粒。
3 服药后身体不适要停服，小孩和老人禁服。
4 本药品应存放在阴凉干燥处。
5 使用本药品要严格遵从医嘱。 注意：写作时要包括要点，但不要逐条翻译。
Medicine Operation Instructions
The medicine is made by the Sixth Medical Factory of Harbin. It is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. It has a great effect on lung disease. Take three pills once and three times a day. One or two pills can be added according to your condition. Stop it if you feel uncomfortable after taking it. It is not suitable for children or the old people. Please strictly follow the doctor’s instructions when you take it. This medicine should be in dark and dry places.
7. 以“Form a Good Habit”为题，谈谈早起的好处。要求言之有理，内容连贯，可参考以下提示：1. 有些学生迟到，是因为晚起; 2. 晚起不仅影响学习，而且也是一种坏习惯;
标题配备题是高考英语阅读理解的重要题型之一, 备考时应注意下列几点:
一、熟悉标题的语言特点
近几年高考英语阅读理解考查实践表明, 高考英语阅读理解标题配备题常有下列几种形式:
1. 短语式
短语式标题可为单纯的名词短语, 也可为带介词 (表示范围) 的名词或动名词短语, 语言简洁, 观点明确, 立场分明。
Ireland, Past and Present ( 2011年安徽卷)
Weakness and Kindness (2011年广东卷)
Banking on Gardening (2011年新课标全国卷)
2. 陈述句式
陈述句式标题为一个简短的陈述句, 它可清晰表达作者的观点和写作目的。
Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn (2011年上海卷)
TV Will Better the World (2010年福建卷)
3. 疑问句式
疑问句式标题可为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句, 也可为反意疑问句, 这种标题发人深省, 劝告力度大。
Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? (2011年江苏卷)
Why do I read? (2010年四川卷)
4.问答式
问答式标题由简短的问句和答句构成, 问句常表示条件, 答句常表示结果, 观点逻辑性强, 劝诫力度大。
Need speed? Slow down. (2011年四川卷)
二、了解标题的配备原则
标题的配备应遵循下列三个原则:
1. 高度的概括性
首先, 标题必须用简短的文字反映文章的主题, 对文章内容进行高度的浓缩, 这样读者一看到标题就对文章将要介绍的内容有一个大致了解, 就会带着期待性心理愉悦顺畅地阅读文章。
2. 强烈的针对性
虽然标题是对文章内容的高度概括, 但也不能太过笼统、抽象、泛化, 而失去对文章具体内容的指向, 否则即使看到标题读者也无法了解文章的主题和所要介绍的大致内容, 这样阅读文章就失去了方向感、成功感和满足感。
3. 一定的醒目性
任何标题的配备都是为了吸引读者, 因此其必须精彩亮丽, 具有一定的醒目性。这样, 标题或短小精悍、言简意赅, 或句式对称、丰满挺拔, 或新颖时尚、情感动人, 充满美感, 醒人眼目。当然, 配备标题时也不应一味追求醒目性而忽视高度的概括性和强烈的针对性, 醒目性应服从于概括性和针对性, 这是一个十分重要的原则。
三、掌握标题的配备方法
既然标题是用精彩简短的语言反映文章的主题, 因此寻找关键信息提炼主题是解题的关键。实践表明, 主题信息常常在文章的下列位置出现:
1. 文章首句
首句是文章最先展现在读者面前的具体内容, 也常常是作者最想表达的观点, 因此它最有可能成为文章主题。利用这一点常常可以快速寻找到主题信息成功配备标题。必须注意的是, 阅读首句时停留时间要长, 阅读次数要多, 思考的深度应深, 这样就不会因疏忽大意而错过在刚开始阅读文章时就捕捉住主题信息并成功提炼出主题的机会。
例1:原文:Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeology write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. (2011年上海卷阅读理解C篇首节)
试题:Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? (75题)
A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands
B. Research time should be extended, scientists require
C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say
D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn
分析:认真阅读分析原文第一节不难发现, 首句Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists (考古学家) says.为主题信息, 对其加以提炼不难推出D为正确答案。这是一个陈述句式标题, 用朴素的语言清楚表明了作者的观点。
例2:原文:Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country. (2011年安徽卷阅读理解D篇首节)
试题:What can be the best title for the text? (71题)
A. Life in Ireland
B. A Very Difficult History
C. Ireland, Past and Present
D. The Independence of Ireland
分析:认真阅读分析原文首节不难发现, 首句Ireland has had a very difficult history.为主题信息, 进行概念转换不难推出C为正确答案。这是一个短语式标题, 用简短的文字清楚表明了文章的主题是介绍爱尔兰的过去和现在 (历史) 。
2. 文章首节其他位置
不少情况下作者在亮明自己观点之前需要先过渡一下, 或先推出多个画面、举出特定例子然后亮明自己的观点, 或先介绍错误观点然后道出正确观点。显然, 首节其他内容尤其末句也很有可能成为主题信息, 阅读时应仔细认真, 弄清哪一个句子是作者真正想表达的观点, 是其与读者真正想分享的内容。
例1:原文:In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. (2011年广东卷阅读理解A篇首节)
试题: Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (30题)
A. Wheelchair Experience
B. Weakness and Kindness
C. Weakness and Strength
D. A Driving Experience
分析:认真阅读分析原文不难发现, 首节第三句But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.为主题信息, 表明作者认为弱者的存在可以导致强者的善良, 由此不难推出B为正确答案。这是一个短语式标题, 用最简洁的文字揭示了弱者与善良之间的关系。
例2:原文:We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器) ? Shouldn't we know who they are? (2011年江苏卷阅读理解A篇首节)
试题:Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? (59题)
A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?
B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?
C. Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?
D. Shouldn't We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?
分析:认真阅读分析原文首节不难发现, 末句Shouldn't we know who they are?为主题信息, 追踪句中they的指代不难发现C为正确答案。这是一个反意疑问句式标题, 语气坚定, 劝告力度大。
例3:原文:Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby (业余爱好) : She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.” (2011年新课标全国卷阅读理解C篇首节)
试题:Which of the following might be the best title for the text? (66题)
A. Family Food Planning
B. Banking on Gardening
C. A Belt-tightening Move
D. Gardening as a Hobby
分析:原文首节末句中的The cost of everything is going up为主题信息, 表明Cassandra Feeley在自家院子里开辟蔬菜园的目的是为了弥补生活费用的上涨, 可见对她来说, 开了一个蔬菜园就犹如开了一家园艺银行, 用简洁的文字表达一下不难发现B为正确答案。这是一个短语式标题, 用简洁的文字表明了文章的主题。
3. 文章末节
还有一些时候, 作者先不直接亮明自己的观点, 而用具体例子或详细的论证来展开文意, 直到文章快要结束时才表明自己的观点, 道出自己的写作目的。因此文章末节也有可能包含文章主题信息。阅读文章时如果不能在首节确定主题不要着急, 应耐心阅读下文尤其末节, 只有这样才能成功获取主题信息, 正确配备标题。
例:原文:Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top. (2011年四川卷阅读理解E篇末节)
试题:Which could be the best title for the text? (60题)
A. Improve quality? Serve better.
B. Deliver value? Plough ahead.
C. Reduce time? Move faster.
D. Need speed? Slow down.
分析:认真阅读分析原文末节不难发现, Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. 含主题信息:商家不能不顾一切强调生产速度, 造成产品质量下降, 而应该定期花时间进行调整。精简一下语言不难推出D为正确答案。这是一个问答式标题, 清楚地表达了欲速则不达、想快就要慢的道理, 哲理性强, 说服力强。
需要说明的是, 有时文章也可能没有明确的主题信息, 而需要考生读完文章后进行概括和总结。此时不能着急, 而应沉着冷静地思考作者想表达的是什么观点, 在赞扬什么, 批评什么, 从而准确概括出文章主题。有时文章每一段的段首有一个段落主题句, 抓住这些段落主题句并联系起来思考一下, 可以快速高效地概括文章内容提炼文章主题。限于篇幅, 这里不再赘述。
从2007年开始，广东高考英语写作由原来的书面表达变为基础写作和任务型写作两部分，分值也由25分增至40分（基础写作15分，任务型写作25分）。基础写作的要求较任务型写作简单些，旨在考察学生用英语准确表达的能力。任务型写作难度大些，属于半开放式作文形式。对于高三学生来讲，在这么短的时间里要把文章读懂并能抓住主旨大意不是容易的，因此也就成为考生写作上最难完成的任务，或可以说是学生写作的弱项。二、摘要写作分文体进行指导
下面呈现本人在高三英语教学中对学生进行摘要写作指导的一个课例，并做分析。
1. 三种文体的特点及摘要写作要点，见图1
2. 实际演练
A. 议论文摘要写作模式
在首段/末段中找出论点，在其他段中找出论据——归纳论点、论据，行文成段。
Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago， people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early， we would be energetic the whole day. Thus， getting up early is of great importance to us all.
In fact， morning is the best time of a day. In the morning， the air is the freshest. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise in the morning， we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However， if we get up late， we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.
Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day， we will certainly benefit a lot from it.
如上文论点用斜体加下线划出；论据用下线表示，用自己的话进行归纳：
The passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory， healthier body and better preparation for the day.（该摘要范例）
B. 记叙文摘要写作模式
什么人——做什么事——怎样做——结果是/有什么启示
I am Hilary， a girl who plays the piano， I can still remember on May I took part in my school’s big talent showcase.
Though I was eager to show off my stuff， I had a feeling that I was going to mess up. I tried going over my music in my mind. Still I just knew I would mess up. When it’s my turn， I walked to the piano as calmly as possible， sat down， took a deep breath and played the first part. Then I forgot the next note. I froze.
With determination， I played the beginning again， and froze again. I kept playing the beginning again， and messing up. The crowd in the audience was cheering for me， but I just kept messing up！ But I knew the song！ I was determined to get right！
I concentrated， positioned my fingers on the keys and ready to start again. Then I heard my mom’s scream of encouragement. That scream got me going！ I tried again. I finally completed my song！ I went on to the next one and completed it perfectly.
Who： Hilary
What： She messed up when taking part in the showcase.
How： With determination and her mother’s encouragement
What’s the result？ She eventually completed it perfectly.
上文摘要可以是：
When taking part in a showcase， Hilary messed up because of nervousness. But with her determination and encouragement from her mother， she didn’t give up and eventually completed it perfectly.
如上所示：找到了记叙文的基本要素后，按时间顺序理出结果。如果是夹叙夹议的记叙文，一定要简单叙，着重议，即得到什么启示很重要。
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