考研英译汉英语二真题

考研英译汉英语二真题（通用7篇）

考研英译汉英语二真题 篇1

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.

【参考译文】

大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐，如同总是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义意味着要活在现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者会因势利导，而非求全责备。

考研英译汉英语二真题 篇2

关键词：考研英语,英译汉,英汉语言,差异,翻译

从基本的句型结构或句子主干来看，英汉基本上是相同的，翻译时可直译或顺译，但在实践中，英汉各自具有独特的表达方式，并不能简单地直接转化，这正是两者互译的困难所在。考研翻译中的五句话基本上都是复杂的长句，不但句子长，而且句式复杂。本文结合语言学研究成果，分析总结了英汉语言在句式方面的主要差异，相信对考生定会有所裨益。

一、英语注重形合，汉语注重意合

从语言学角度来说，英、汉之间最重要的区别莫过于形合与意合的区分。语言界和翻译界普遍认同形合与意合是英汉语言之间最重要的区别特征，汉语以意驱形而英语则以形制意。即，英语注重结构和形式，常常借助各种连接手段，是一种形合语言，因而比较严谨;汉语少用甚至不用连接手段，注重功能和意义，是一种意合语言，因而比较简洁。因此，在英译汉时，要根据这两个特点，采用相应的方法进行翻译。例如(2001年考研真题72题)：

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision, and the digital age will have arrived.(儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到那时数字时代就到来了。)

本句话是由四个独立句构成的并列句，句子间的关系通过时态、逗号和并列连词and表述得一清二楚。汉译则变成了简单的叙述，而句子间的关系是完全通过句子的语意表现出来的：前三个句子为并列关系，最后一个句子则表示

掌握“英语重形合、汉语重意合”的差异是做好英汉互译的核心。因此在英译汉时，要在分清英语各句之间关系的基础上，打乱其原有的句式结构，按照“汉语重意合”的表达习惯和方式，重新组织句序。

二、英语多用复杂句式，汉语多用简短分句

考研英译汉几乎百分百都是长而复杂的句子，这些长难句由于单词多，成分复杂，语序颠倒或省略成分，往往对考生具有很大的难度。而汉译则变成了短小的句子。这种长短句之间的转化正是英译汉的难点。因此，提高对翻译真题的解析能力和对长难句的理解能力成为考生突破考研、赢取高分的关键所在。例如(1999年考研真题72题)：

Interest in historical methods had arisen less through externa challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.(人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵)。

这是一个典型的长句(共有27个单词)，整个句子由“less through...and more from”将全句化零为整，构成一个复杂的状语修饰动词arisen。而在翻成中文时，“产生兴趣”这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，整个汉译句子通过“……产生兴趣……这与其说是因为……，还不如说是因为……”被化整为零。

三、英语常用代词，汉语常用名词

英语的代词种类繁多且应用广泛，不仅有人称代词、物主代词，还有疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词等。为了避免重复，英语句子对再次出现的名词普遍使用代词替代，这是英语代词的基本用法之一。汉语虽然也有代词，但由于句子较短，结构松散，所以汉语多使用名词，这样可以使语意更加清楚，不会造成歧义。因此，在英译汉时，首先在理解英语句子结构时就要明白代词的具体指代，如果某个代词前面有几个可能的替代时，一定要仔细筛选;其次，在表达时尽量还原出具体的指代对象，不要简单地重复代词。例如(2010考研真题50题)：It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.在进行汉译时，要把英语句子中的代词还原，否则译文意思就不完整，这也是翻译题的一个考点。这句中的“it”指上文的“a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest”(一个基于利己利益的保护体制)，而后面的两个关系代词“that”均指代先行词“elements”。此外，“elements”结合语境，应译为“物种”。因此，整句话应译为：“基于利己利益的保护体制容易忽视很多缺乏商业价值的物种，并因此最终致使其灭绝，而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行确是至关重要的。”

四、英语多用抽象名词，汉语惯用具体名词

抽象表达在英语里使用十分普遍，抽象思维被认为是一种高级思维，是文明人的一种象征;而汉语用词倾向于具体，常以具体的形象表达抽象的内容。在英译汉时，如果直译后不能表明汉语所要表达的具体意思，常常需要通过增词翻译或者改换说法的方法，把这些抽象名词具体化，这对考生往往具有很大的挑战性。例如：They wanted a generation of Americans conditioned to loyalty and duty.这是一个单句，很好理解，难点在于不好处理“loyalty”和“duty”，如果直译成“忠心和职责”(抽象概念)就不符合汉语表达习惯。因此，需要根据上下文使其含义具体化，全句译为：“他们希望把下一代美国人训练得忠于祖国，恪尽职守。”再如：ardent loyalty(赤胆忠心)，careful consideration(深思熟虑)，feed on fancies(画饼充饥)，await with great anxiety(望穿秋水)，perfect harmony(水乳交融)，total exhaustion(筋疲力竭)等。

总之，只有了解英汉之间的这些差异，才能对英译汉有一个正确的认识，从而在考研英语翻译中得到理想的分数。

参考文献

[1]许建平.考研英语难在何处?[N].中国教育报, 2003.

2010年考研英语翻译真题详解 篇3

文章的第一段往往是整篇文章的主题所在,下面我们来看本次节选文章的第一段:“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.”由首段内容我们可以得知作者的观点:不应该把生态保护和经济利益挂钩。带着这个观点,我们来对翻译试题逐一进行解析。

(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

1.句子主干为“scientists jumped to the rescue”,句中with引导伴随状语,that引导的是evidence的同位语从句,if 引导的是同位语从句中的条件状语从句。

2.jump to:本意为“跳到,跳转到”,在本句中可以引申为“急匆匆,匆忙,立即行动”。这里考查的是词法翻译技巧中的词义引申。

3.distinctly shaky evidence:意思是“非常站不住脚的证据”。其中distinctly表示“显然地,确切地”,曾在2003年的考研英语翻译题中出现过:distinctly important social science (极其重要的社会科学)。Shaky是shake的形容词形式,表示“不稳定的,动摇的”,在2000年的考研英语词汇题中出现过:an exceedingly shaky foundation (非常不稳定的基础)。

4.to the effect that ...:本词组较难,在历年真题中并未涉及,英文释义为“with the meaning of”,可译为“意思是……,大意是说……”。

5.eat up:本词组很常见,表示“吃光,吃尽”。由up构成的词组曾在考研英语中出现过很多次,如take up、back up、put up with、go up、clean up、give up、stand up、come up、keep up、bring up、hold up、warm up等。一些常考的固定搭配需要考生在复习阶段进行归纳总结。

同位语从句,条件状语从句,固定词组

科学家们用一些非常站不住脚的证据匆匆赶来救援,这些论据的大意是说:如果鸟不能控制这些虫子,虫子就会吃光一切。

(47) ... but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

1.本句难度相对较大。句子主干为“we have drawn nearer the point”,句中“of admitting that …intrinsic right”作后置定语修饰point,regardless of引导让步状语。

2.draw near the point:意思是“得出接近的观点”。本句中of引导的后置定语太长,翻译时不宜把of后面的定语放到被修饰词point之前,可以断开独立翻译。

3.intrinsic right:意思是“固有的权利”。本词组较难,因为intrinsic一词不是很常见,它的意思为“内在的,固有的”。

4.regardless of:意思是“无论,不管”。本词组引导让步状语,在历年真题中曾多次出现过,如2006年考研英语阅读理解第一篇中的一句:“… these were stores anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.”(……这些商店对所有人开放,无论顾客来自什么阶层或背景。)

5.presence or absence:这两个词都是以“-ence”结尾,运用了押尾韵的修辞手法,其本意分别为“出席”和“缺席”,根据上下文,此词组在本文中可引申为“是否具有”。

6.advantage:本意为“优点,优势”,根据上下文,在本句中译为“经济价值”更通顺。

后置定语,让步状语

但是,我们至少比较一致地认可这样一种观点:无论鸟类对我们是否具有经济价值,它们都应该继续享有其固有的生命权利。

(48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species”.

1.句子主干为“time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence”,两个that引导的同位语从句由or连接,都用来修饰evidence。

2.time was when...:意思是“曾几何时……”。此词组为固定结构,是“there was a time when ...”的非正式表达,比较口语化。若考生无法准确翻译出其意思,可以根据上下文将其译为“曾经……,以前……”。

3.overwork the evidence:表示“滥用证据,过度使用证据”。其中overwork意思为“工作过度或工作时间过长”;“over-”为常用前缀,表示“过分,过度,超出,在……之上”,如overcharge (要价太高,充电过度)、overburden (负担过重,装载过多)、overhead (头顶上的)。

4.preserve the health of game:意思是“保持猎物种群的健康”。在此词组中,需要结合上下文理解game的含义。由game后面的by killing the physically weak可知,(这些生物)通过猎杀体质虚弱的动物,保持了game的健康状态,因此,game此处为“猎物”的意思。

同位语从句,并列结构

曾几何时,生物学家们滥用这种证据,即这些生物通过猎杀体质虚弱的动物或者只是捕食“毫无价值的物种”,来保持猎物种群的健康。

(49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.

1.句子主干为“the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members”,句中where引导的定语从句修饰Europe。

2.forestry is ecologically more advanced:意思是“林业生态比较发达”。其中forestry是forest的派生词,表示总称,可译为“林业”;ecologically表示“生态上地,在生态方面地”。

3.noncommercial tree:表示“非经济林木”,即公益林木。

4.be recognized as:意思是“被视为,被认为是,被当做”。本短语是考研英语中的核心短语,在考研英语真题中曾多次出现,如2007年考研英语翻译文章的首句中就出现了这个短语:“The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.”(几个世纪以来,在欧洲的大学中,法律学习一直被视为一门基本学科。)

5.as such:本意为“照此,就以这种身份或资格,如所指的人或事物那样”。在本句中,此词组可译为“同样地”。1996年考研英语阅读理解第三篇文章的末段出现过该词组:“The ‘shareholder’ as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares….”(这样的股东丝毫不了解他所持股公司里工人们的生活、思想或需求……)

6.within reason:意思是“正当的,合情合理的”。这个词组不太常见,但是考生可以根据字面意思推测其含义。

定语从句,被动语态,比较结构

在欧洲,林业生态比较发达,公益林木被视为原始森林群落的成员而得以合理保护。

(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

1. 本句相对简单。句子主干为“it tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate many elements”,两个that引导的定语从句由but连接,都修饰elements。另外考生要明白,句中的it指代的是此句话上一句(a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided)中的a system。

2.tend to:意思是“倾向于”。此词组属于考研英语高频词组,在历年真题中多次出现过。

3.commercial value:意思是“商业价值”。

4.be essential to:意思是“……所必备的,……所必需的”。此词组也属于考研英语高频词组。

5.healthy functioning:意为“健康运作”。

并列结构,定语从句,固定词组

这样的体系容易忽视生物群落中的许多元素,并最终使它们灭绝。这些元素虽然缺少商业价值,但对整个群落的健康运作却至关重要。

小结

从考点分布来看,本次翻译题中出现的考点均为历次翻译试题中的高频考点,如:名词从句、定语从句和状语从句。此外,并列结构、比较结构、被动语态、后置定语等结构也均为历年翻译题必考内容。

在语法层面,本次翻译题考的都是比较基础的语法知识,对于备考充分的考生来说,基本没有太大难度。

在词汇、短语以及固定搭配方面,本次的翻译文章因为话题比较专业,出现了一些有难度的考点。此外,试题中多处需要考生根据上下文的意思对词义进行引申,这使得未能把握文章主旨的考生感到很有难度。词义引申也是历年的高频考点,如果考生一时把握不准词语的意思,应多揣摩文章的中心思想,通过对全文的综合理解,结合文章主题来确定、猜测词汇的具体含义。

考研真题历年英语二阅读 篇4

It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful， provocative magazine cover story， “I love My Children， I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling， life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard， Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be， smiling on the newsstands.

In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn‘t seem quite fair， then， to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids， but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there， considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it， raising a kid on their “own” (read： with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.

It‘s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free， happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‘t in some small， subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience， in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring

[A]temporary delight

[B]enjoyment in progress

[C]happiness in retrospect

[D]lasting reward

37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that

[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.

[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.

[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.

[D]having children is highly valued by the public.

38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks

[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.

[B]are largely ignored by the media.

[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.

[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.

39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is

[A]soothing.

[B]ambiguous.

[C]compensatory.

[D]misleading.

40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.

[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.

[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.

考研英语二真题和答案 篇5

Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4,4 percent)above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is yes.they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family mrs with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?

A. The prospect of a thriving job market.

B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.

C. The possibility of full employment.

D. The acceleration of job creation.

37. Many people work part-time because they

A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs

B. feel that is enough to make ends meet

C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs

D. haven t seen the weakness of the market

38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US

A. is harder to acquire than one year ago

B. shows a general tendency of decline

C. satisfies the real need of the jobless

D. is lower than before the recession

39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .

A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance

B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family mrs

D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance

40. The text mainly discusses.

A. employment in the US

B. part-timer classification

C. insurance through Medicaid

D. Obamacares trouble

答案：

36.B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs

37.C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs

38.B shows a general tendency of decline

39.B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

40.A employment in the US

Some Old Truths to Help You Overcorne Toucgh Times

Uefortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a rontantic relatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remr that they wont last forever.

When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventally move as toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths Ive learned along the way.

41.

Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor will smith once said, Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice. I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.

42 .

If you are by and

43. .

Sometimes it is casy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.

44..

No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remr that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people, You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives. Try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and cncouragement.

45 .

Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining tivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your of own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.

答案：

41.D Most of your fears are unreal

42.E Think about the resent moment

43.G There are many things to be grateful for

44.A you are not alone

考研英语二作文真题深度解析 篇6

写作题型依然延续了一贯的考查方式：应用文+图表作文，非常符合英语二专硕的考查要求。但是具体来说，今年英语二的写作在考查难度上偏难，原因大部分在于考查内容出乎很多老师的预料，也就说有些偏离一贯的考查重点，因此，在之前的复习过程中很多同学并没有将之作为重点内容来复习。那么接下来就看一下20英语(二)的大作文到底考了哪些内容?对此又应该如何应对呢?

48. Directions：

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing， you should

1) interpret the chart， and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

我国某市居民春节假期花销比例

今年大作文依然考图表作文，文字规定部分只字未变，但是图表却发生了很大的改变。从到，英语二大作文考了4次柱形图、1次表格，但是从未考过饼图，由此不少老师认为大作文不太可能考饼图，但是今年恰恰考的就是饼图，这也就给大家的答题带来了难度。其实，仔细看一下，如表格一样，饼图反映的其实很大一部分就是各个部分之间的`差异性，因此在写作时可以大部分借鉴表格的写作方法。除此之外饼图本身还反映了事物整体与部分之间的关系， 因此在应用表格描述方式时需要进行适当的调整，但是变化不大。

根据考前所讲，英语二中图表作文分成三段内容来写。

第一段：描述图表。根据之前所讲表格写作思路，整段内容包含5句话，直观评价、图表主题、主流趋势、最大差异、过渡句。

1. 直观评价。本句比较简单，可以直接用准备的句型，Here is a chart， simple but accurate.

2. 图表主题。先将“我国某市居民春节假期花销比例”译成英语，根据倒鱼钩翻译法，可译成the proportions of the Spring Festival‘s expense of the residents in a certain city in China.再套用课上所讲句型，即成It goes without saying that the chart records the proportions of the Spring Festival’s expense of the residents in a certain city in China， which successfully arouses our curiosity.

3. 主流趋势。在饼图中，主流趋势指的就是事物的整体与部分的关系，也就是其整体体现。在本题中，表现为“全部花销花在了各种各样不同的东西上面”。由此，套用固定句型，即是As is clearly reflected by the graph， the expense has been spent on totally different things.

4. 最大差异。饼图中此句指的就是部分与整体的关系，也就是每个部分占了整体多少比例。而且在这些比例中往往会存在最大值或最小值，那么这就是该部分与其他部分之间的差异性。本题中体现为用在“新年礼物”上面的花销占比最大，为40%.那么可以表达为Especially， the money used to buy the New Year‘s gifts accounts for 40% of the entire expense， which already outweighs all the others.

5. 过渡句。此句的作用就是总结第一段，铺垫第二段，可以直接用固定句型Definitely， what the chart reflects is supposed to be given further analysis.

以上就是该题第一段的写作思路及语言表达，接下来看第二段。第二段中需要对于第一段中的最大差异这一现象进行原因分析，那么按照之前所讲需要包含关键句和具体原因两部分。

首先，关键句。在这一部分，需要具体点明原因分析的对象，也就是第一段话中的第四句，但是需要注意的是不要全句照抄，而要将意思再用不同的语言表述出来。那么套用固定句即成Theoretically， several reasons may trigger the trend that people tend to spend more money to buy gifts during the Spring Festival， but as for my part， the following two are of great value.

其次，具体原因。对于春节期间人们更乐意将钱花在购买新年礼物上这一现象，其原因很多，包括春节在中国节日里面的重要性促使人们回家时购买大量礼物，以及春节期间各种礼物广告的泛滥变相鼓励了人们去花钱等等，当然还有其他的一些原因，大家可以自由发挥，只要合情合理即可。但是要注意：考虑到语言多样性的评分标准，写作时不可只用简单的单词或短语来衔接列举原因，因此可以用句子来列举，具体如下：On the top of list is that the current state of the affair may have been encouraged， though not justified， by the widely spreading advertisements of gifts. In addition， there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally acknowledged that the Spring Festival is the most important festival in our nation during which most people will buy gifts for their families and friends.

以上是第二段的主要内容，接下来继续看第三段。

第三段中主要就上面分析的这一现象进行趋势预测，那么很明显在接下来的很长一段时间里春节期间人们都会花大量地钱来为身边的亲人、朋友购买新年礼物，这种形式将会持续下去。因此，按照之前准备的固定句型，可用Taking into account what has been discussed above， we may safely come to the conclusion that the present situation concisely conveyed by the pie chart will sustain in the forthcoming years.

整合以上所讲，今年的大作文写作可如下：

Here is a pie chart， simple but accurate. It goes without saying that the chart records the proportions of the Spring Festival‘s expense of the residents in a certain city in China， which successfully arouses our curiosity. As is clearly reflected by the graph， the expense has been spent on totally different things. Especially， the money used to buy the New Year’s gifts accounts for 40% of the entire expense， which already outweighs all the others. Definitely， what the chart reflects is supposed to be given further analysis.

Theoretically， several reasons may trigger the trend that people tend to spend more money to buy gifts during the Spring Festival， but as for my part， the following two are of great value. On the top of list is that the current state of the affair may have been encouraged， though not justified， by the widely spreading advertisements of gifts. In addition， there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally acknowledged that the Spring Festival is the most important festival in our nation during which most people will buy gifts for their families and friends.

考研英译汉英语二真题 篇7

下面笔者就对2015年考研英语（一）阅读理解Part A的真题进行详解，重点分析解题步骤、答题技巧及题型特点，并为2016年的考生提供备考建议。

解题步骤

考研英语阅读Part A的解题步骤一般分成三步。

第一步：阅读对应段落。考生可以在第一遍扫读全文时标明各段落的序号，以方便做题时定位答案信息，然后根据题目要求，阅读对应段落，了解其中心大意。

第二步：定位答案信息。考生在读完题目之后，可以根据题干中的关键词回原文定位相关答案信息。

第三步：筛选正确选项。考生根据自己对定位到的关键信息的理解进行判断，同时结合相关段落的主题筛选出正确答案。

下面笔者将结合真题，针对上述解题步骤介绍具体的答题技巧。

1阅读对应段落

阅读考研英语阅读理解文章最难的不外乎两件事：一是单词，二是长难句。在单词方面，本次考试设置了一些障碍。比如Text 4中曾多次出现关键词integrity （正直，诚信），考生如果不认识这个词，就会在理解文章时遇到障碍。通常，应对生词的方法有两种。一种是通过词根、词缀对词义进行推测。比如Text 1第一段的abdicate，考生如果熟悉一些常见词缀的含义，就能很容易地通过该单词的前缀“ab-”推测其有away from的意思。接下来，考生还能根据文后出现的短语stand down （下台）进一步推断abdicate是“退位”的意思。应对生词的另一种方法是结合上下文进行推测。例如，Text 1中有一个关键词是monarchy （君主制），考生即便不认识，也可以根据文中出现的kings和royal families等词推断其与皇室有关。当然，考生并不需要推测所有生词的含义，对于那些不影响理解的生词，考生完全可以跳过。

关于长难句，唯一的应对策略就是划分句子结构，然后对句子成分逐一进行分析。例如，在Text 2第二段的开头有这样一句话：“California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling， particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.”考生在辨明句子主干之后会发现，这句话的重心在划线部分，意思如下：相关部门可以在嫌疑犯被捕时搜查他们的个人财物。那么加州是在请求法官支持该议题还是反对该议题呢？句中的动词短语refrain from （抑制）和动词upset （推翻）构成了双重否定，考生可据此推测整句话表达肯定含义，即加州支持该议题。

2 定位答案信息

考生在定位答案信息时要注意两点：第一，有效利用同义替换;第二，找准答案信息的位置。同义替换是考生在定位信息时最常用的策略，每年必考，今年也不例外。

例1 Which of the following is shown to be odd， according to Paragraph 4？ （Text 1 Question 23）

A. Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.

B. The role of the nobility in modern democracies.

C. The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.

D. The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.

解析：根据题干中的关键词odd （奇怪的），考生可将答案信息定位至原文第四段第三句的后半部分：“... it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.”其中bizarre和odd构成同义替换。这句话指出的怪象是：富有的贵族家族依然在现代民主国家中占据着象征性的中心位置。这句话探讨的是贵族在现代民主国家中的角色，与选项B的意思一致，因此选项B为正确答案。

除了有效利用同义替换，考生还要能找准关键信息的位置，因为题干中的关键词可能在原文中出现不止一次，这就需要考生仔细甄别。

例2 The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to （Text 2 Question 28）

A. getting into one’s residence.

B. handling one’s historical records.

C. scanning one’s correspondences.

D. going through one’s wallet.

解析：这道题问的是搜查个人手机内容相当于什么，题干中的关键信息exploring one’s phone content在原文第四段出现了两次，分别是第一句的“They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone ... is similar to， say， rifling through a suspect’s purse”和第三句的“But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home”。答案究竟是哪一个呢？由于该题考查的是文章作者（the author）的观点，而第四段第一句说的是加州政府的观点，故应予以排除。因此，与第三句内容相一致的选项A才是正确答案。

3 筛选正确选项

筛选选项有助于考生缩小选择范围，一般采用排除法，因为考研英语阅读的正确选项往往并不明晰，反而是错误选项较为明显，容易判断。

例3 David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now （Text 3 Question 34）

A. adds to researchers’ workload.

B. diminishes the role of reviewers.

C. has room for further improvement.

D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.

解析：这道题问的是David Vaux对《科学》杂志目前做法的看法。考生可以根据人名将相关信息定位至原文第六段：“Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit， but a weakness is that it relies on the Board of Reviewing Editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place.””这段话中，David Vaux指出了《科学》杂志在对论文进行数据检验时的一个弊病，即在检验之前需要审稿人委员会去甄别哪些论文需要严格的审阅。选项A认为该举措增加了研究者（researchers）的工作量，看似符合文意，但考生细看就会发现原文说的是审稿人（reviewing editors），而非研究者，应予以排除。选项B认为该举措削弱了审稿人的作用，选项D认为该举措会失败，都与原文意思不一致，也应予以排除。选项C是筛选完错误选项后的唯一选项，认为《科学》杂志仍有改善的空间。考生虽然无法从原文中直接找到与该选项相关的信息，却能根据原文内容进行推测，然后确定该选项就是正确答案。

题型分析

本次考试出现了六大传统题型：主旨题、细节题、目的题、推断题、态度题和词汇题。其中，细节题和推断题仍是主流题型，具体的解题方法可参考例2和例3的解析。至于目的题的解法，鉴于篇幅有限，考生可参考笔者在本刊2014年1月号上发表的《考研英语阅读目的题透析》一文。下面笔者着重讲解剩余的三种题型。

1词汇题

词汇题的解法主要有两种：一种是寻找题目所问词汇的“对等词”，即含义和用法都一致的词;另一种是将选项中的词汇分别代入原文，联系上下文语境判断其含义是否准确、合理。

例4 The phrase “flagged up” （Para. 2） is the closest in meaning to （Text 3 Question 32）

A. found.

B. revised.

C. marked.

D. stored.

解析：短语flagged up出现在原文第二段：“Working with the American Statistical Association， the journal has appointed seven experts to a Statistics Board of Reviewing Editors （SBoRE）. Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors， or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.”抛开flagged up不看，后一句话的大致意思是稿件将会被_____，以待接受额外的严格审阅。考生分别将四个选项代入空白处后，可先根据句意排除选项A （发现）和选项D （存储），然后再在选项B （修改）和选项C （标记）中作选择。根据原文，稿件先由《科学》杂志的内部编辑、现有编委或外聘的同级审稿人进行审阅，然后再由其委派的七位数据评审编辑进行审阅。两个审阅阶段均涉及稿件的修改，如果选择选项B就体现不出这两个阶段的工作有何不同。再看选项C，第一批审稿人在审阅之后会标记原稿，以便下一阶段的审稿人作进一步审阅，该选项在句中最通顺、合理，因此为正确答案。

2 主旨题

主旨题的解题步骤一般为两步：①概括文章各段主题，洞悉全文结构;②综合考虑各段主题，同时注意文中出现重大转折的地方，以准确把握文章主旨。如果文章结构为“总—分”或“总—分—总”，就不太可能出现有转折的地方，考生可以跳过第二步，直接根据各段主题来解题。

例5 Which of the following is the best title of the text？ （Text 3 Question 35）

A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers

B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect

C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks

D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

解析：Text 3全文共六段，为“总—分”结构。第一段总起，段落主题为《科学》杂志要进行数据检验。第二段到第六段均为分述，段落主题分别为该举措的具体措施、动机、生物统计学家Giovanni Parmigiani的观点、物理学家John Ioannidis的观点以及细胞生物学家David Vaux的担忧。由于文章为“总—分”结构，全文主旨已在总起段明确点出，因此，考生可以根据第一段的主题句“The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process”判断选项A为正确答案。

3 态度题

态度题的解法比较固定，就是利用文中带有感情色彩的词语进行判断。这类词语主要包含三类：①形容词、副词，如unfortunately;②能表达作者主观意愿的情态动词或词组，如should、ought to等;③表示赞成或反对的动词，如disagree、approve等。有些态度题考查的是比较复杂的态度，较难判断，考生需要理解原文中出现的各种观点及其之间的逻辑关系，此时要注意带有转折含义的词汇。

例6 The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of （Text 2 Question 27）

A. tolerance.

B. indifference.

C. disapproval.

D. cautiousness.

解析：这道题所对应的原文信息是“The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice”和“They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that …”。根据句中的关键情态动词（should）及其他带有感情色彩的词汇（recklessly modest、discard、lame），考生可以判断出作者对加州的提议持反对态度，因此选项C为正确答案。

备考建议

近年来，考研英语阅读呈现出越来越难的趋势。这个“难”体现在文章涉及的背景知识越来越宽泛，很多考生对相关背景并不熟悉，导致理解遇到障碍。针对这种趋势，笔者建议2016年的考生在备考时做到以下三点。

第一点：夯实基础，大量积累考研英语词汇，熟悉常见句型（包括长难句）的结构、含义及用法。笔者建议考生把单词放到语境中去记忆，准确掌握单词的含义和用法，同时增强自己对单词的熟悉度和敏感度。

第二点：研究历年真题，熟悉文章写法，准确把握出题套路和命题规律。此外，历年真题几乎涵盖了85%的考研英语词汇，因此全面练习真题也是积累词汇的有效途径。

第三点：适当阅读外刊。考生要多关注自己不熟悉的领域以拓宽知识面，阅读时可将泛读和精读结合起来。泛读是为了掌握文章大意及主旨，考生可以在泛读后试着概括和复述文章的中心思想和主要内容。精读时考生可以利用词典来查一些关键词、核心词，以增强自己对文章细节及逻辑的理解。这样训练几个月，考生的阅读能力将大有提高。

JOKE