四级试题（推荐8篇）
1.选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。
2.需要花时间去选择职业。
3.选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。
Choosing an Occupation
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【写作思路】
本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。短文需要说明慎重择业相当重要，并提出多种指导择业的方法。
【参考范文】
Choosing an Occupation
One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do.There are some people, of course, who from the time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do.You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision.At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications.And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions
2011年英语四六级考试进入冲刺阶段，恒星英语学习网编辑整理了2011年6月英语四级考试全真预测试卷供大家参考，恒星英语学习网祝大家取得好成绩！Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and [D].For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?
Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea.Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real.Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland.As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land.The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups.But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix.Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H.Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California.He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one-third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water Goes
Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass.Twothirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth.Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior.And people use half of this amount already.“If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”
Close to Home
Water woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States.But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater.Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock.(For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it.In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution.Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards.Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The Source
Where do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking;about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products.Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes.(Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)
But almost everyone contributes to water pollution.People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain;all of these contain hazardous chemicals.Scientists
studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well.Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogenrich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment.Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas.Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water.Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What’s the Solution?
Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems;governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.“More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick.“There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”
1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink?
[A]The rivers flowing into it have been diverted.[B]Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland.[C]Government planners overpumped its water.[D]High temperature made its water badly evaporate.2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects.[A]does more good than harm
[B]solves more problems than what they created
[C]does more harm than good
[D]brings more water to people than expected
3.The chief causes of water shortage include.[A]population growth and water waste
[B]water pollution and dry weather
[C]water waste and pollution
[D]population growth and water pollution
4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages?
[A]living in rich areas
[B]living in big cities but poor condition
[C]depending on groundwater
[D]bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind
5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries?
[A]Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers.[B]Raw sewage into rivers and streams.[C]Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers.[D]Household cleaners poured down the drain.6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water?
[A]By covering the whole surface of the water.[B]By competitively using oxygen life in water needs.[C]By living more rapidly than other life in water.[D]By releasing hazardous chemicals into water.7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems?
[A]government and housewives.[B]farmers and manufacturers.[C]ordinary people and manufacturers.[D]government and every person.8.According to Peter H.Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
一 以“一番”提问的类型题
1. 女の人は何が一番よかったといっていますか
女:今年の海外旅行、去年より楽しかったよね。なんといっても料理がよかったわよね。
男:料理もいいけど、温泉が気持ちよかったよな。
女:そうそう。山のぼりのあたりはいった湯が気持ちよかった。
男:汗をかいて、頂上についた。あのさわやかな感じはたまらかったな。
女:そうね。天気もよかったし。でもやっぱりその後で食べた料理がおいしかったな。
質問:女の人は何が一番よかったといっていますか。
A.温泉ですB.料理です
C.山のぼりですD.天気です
解析:此题无论是在单词、语法方面都不难, 但干扰信息也存在。例如, “男:料理もいいけど、温泉が気持ちよかったよな (料理是不错, 但是温泉也让人心情不错啊) ”“男:汗をかいて、頂上についた。あのさわやかな感じはたまらかったな (到达山顶时汗流浃背, 那种感觉真痛快啊) ”。关键信息点为“女:そうね。天気もよかったし。やっぱりその後で食べた料理がおいしかったな (是啊, 天气也不错。但是仍然觉得在那之后吃的料理最好吃) ”。在听力考试中一定要注意“やっぱり”这个词。因此此题答案为B。
2. この時期は何をすれば一番いいでしょうか
女:一般的に日本人は連休に何をしますか。
男:海や山や温泉。それに海外へ出かける人が多いようです。
女:そうですか。この時期だったらやっぱり海外旅行が一番いいですね。私もどこかへ行きたいですよ。
男:ではハワイにでも一緒にいきましょうか。
女:それはいいですね。
質問:この時期は何をすれば一番いいでしょうか。
A.海外旅行B.国内旅行
C.登山旅行D.温泉旅行
解析:此题关键信息点为“この時期だったらやっぱり海外旅行が一番いいですね (这个时候还是去海外旅行最好啊) ”。因此答案为A。
二 以“どこ”提问的类型题
1. どこから東京にいくのですか
女:何が東京にいやなことでもあるの。
男:いや、いやなことというか、ちょっと不安なのかな。
女:どうして。
男:そりゃ、やっぱり不安ですよ。長崎からひとりででてきて東京でなにがあるかわかんないでしょう。
女:そんなの。なにがあるかわからないから元気出るんじゃない。
男:そんなもんじゃないよ。
質問:どこから東京にいくのですか。
A.長崎B.長野C.宮崎D.長岡
解析:关键信息点为“長崎からひとりででてきて東京でなにがあるかわかんないでしょう (我一个人从长崎来到东京, 都不知道这里有什么) ”。在听力考试中一定要注意地名。此题答案为A。
2. 学部と大学院はどこが違いますか
女:あの、すみません。学部と大学院はどう違うのでしょうか。
男:そうですね。学部と大学院の違いは学部生は学ぶ、大学院生は研究という点だといえるでしょう。大学院に入る際には一般的に研究計画書を提出しますが、これは自分の研究テーマと研究の動機、意義をしっかりともっていなければいけないということですね。あとはもちろん、研究科によってたしょう違いはありますが、授業も演習けしきのものが多いので学生の発表やぎろんのばが増えます。つまり学部生以上にみずから学ぶしせいが重要になってくるのです。
質問:学部と大学院はどこが違いますか。
A.学習と研究B.学習と実習
C.学習と演習D.学習とそうぞう
解析:关键信息点为“学部と大学院の違いは学部生は学ぶ、大学院生は研究という点だといえるでしょう”。因此答案为A。
三 以“何”提问的类型题
1. 何の試験の準備をしていますか
女:先生、私は先生のおかげで研究生として日本にやってきてそろそろ1年になります。たいへんお世話になっております。
男:いいえ、いいえ。日本の生活にはなれましたか。
女:はい。この1年間で日本の大学にも日本の生活にもなれましたので、いまのところ10月にある大学院の試験をうけたいと思っているのですが。
男:そうですか。おうさんしっかりした目標をもって留学してきたわけだし、この1年間大学院のための準備もがんばっていましたね。研究計画がきちんとできていれば問題ないと思いますよ。
女:ありがとうございます。あとはどのような準備をすればいいでしょうか。
質問:何の試験の準備をしていますか。
A.大学B.研究生C.留学D.大学院
解析:关键信息点为“いまのところ10月にある大学院の試験をうけたいと思っているのですが (现在正在考虑参加10月份研究生院的考试) ”。因此答案为D。
2. 日本人は通勤するには何を多く利用していますか
男:日本では車で出勤する人と電車を利用する人とどちらが多いですか。
女:やっぱり地下鉄や電車を利用する人が多いでしょう。便利だし、時間も正確ですから。
男:あのう、学生用の定期券は売っていますか。
女:ええ、定期券や回数券など便利で安い乗り方もいろいろありますよ。
男:そうですか。いろいろと教えていただいてありがとうございました。
質問:日本人は通勤するには何を多く利用していますか。
A.車B.シーバース
C.自転車D.地下鉄と電車
解析:关键信息点为“女:やっぱり地下鉄や電車を利用する人が多いでしょう。便利だし、時間も正確ですから (还是乘坐地铁和电车的人多吧, 既方便又准时) ”。因此答案为D。
四 以“何故”提问的类型题
1. このあたりは何故買い物に便利なのですか
男:では部屋までご案内しましょう。
女:明るくてきれいな部屋ですね。
男:そうでしょう。台所はそちらです。
女:ひろいですね。このあたりは買い物には便利ですか。
男:はい。すぐ近くにスーパーもあります。それに駅も近いですから、交通もたいへん便利ですよ。
質問:このあたりは何故買い物に便利なのですか。
A.スーパーがあるからB.百貨店があるから
C.駅に近いからD.広いから
解析:关键信息点为“男:はい。すぐ近くにスーパーもあります (是的, 这附近就有超市) ”。因此答案为A。
2. 何故日本の政界のことを永田町というのですか
女:国会見学に行きたいのですが、地下鉄のどの駅で下車したらよろしいですか。
男:国会議事堂前です。ここに永田町の地図がありますので、どうぞご覧になってください。
女:ここが中国の人民大会堂にあたる国会議事堂ですか。まわりにはずいぶんいろいろな建物がありますね。
男:ええ、議事堂に向かって左側に衆議院、右側に参議院関連の建物。そのまわりに総理府などがあって。永田町は日本の政治の中心となっています。
女:それで日本の政界のことを永田町というんですね。
質問:何故日本の政界のことを永田町というのですか。
A.政治家が永田町に住んでいるから
B.天皇が永田町に住んでいるから
C.永田町は日本の政治の中心だから
D.永田町は皇居に近いから
解析:关键信息点为“永田町は日本の政治の中心となっています”。因此答案为C。
参考文献
[1]〔日〕蛯原正子、史兆红主编.日语专业四级考试综合辅导与强化训练[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2010[1]〔日〕蛯原正子、史兆红主编.日语专业四级考试综合辅导与强化训练[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2010
[2]王黎明.2010年日语专业四级听力试题解析[J].日语知识, 2011 (7) [2]王黎明.2010年日语专业四级听力试题解析[J].日语知识, 2011 (7)
四级考试改革简介
就阅读部分来说，此次四级考试改革变化最大的是快速阅读部分，而深度阅读和选词填空部分没有变化。那么，快速阅读是怎么变化的呢？原先的快速阅读在改革后称为“长篇阅读”，但文章的篇幅长度、语言难度和题目的分值比例都保持不变。真正变化的是文后的题目：改革后长篇阅读的文章后附有十个句子，每个句子的内容对应文章的某个段落，做题时，考生需要将每个句子和相应的段落进行匹配。当然，每个段落不一定只对应一个句子，可能个别段落会对应两个或三个句子，而有的段落可能没有与之相对应的句子。
虽说快速阅读部分“大变脸”，但实际上却是“换汤不换药”。从官方给出的样题来看，长篇阅读实际上可以看做新形式的快速阅读。为什么这么说呢？首先，官方给出的样题文章直接取材自2007年12月四级考试的快速阅读文章，文章内容和篇幅基本没有变化；其次，长篇阅读的分值比例和做题时间也与快速阅读相同；最后，虽然题目的考查方式变了，但其实只是把原来的选择题和填空题换成了句子匹配题，而考生在解答选择题和填空题时，本质上就是把题干内容和原文内容进行相应的信息匹配。因此，面对阅读部分的改革，考生不必过于担心，打好基础、研究真题才是最重要的。
2013年6月四级阅读真题评析
2013年6月的四、六级考试第二次实行“多题多卷”的考试形式。目前笔者收集到了这次考试的三套真题。此次四级考试的阅读部分在文章题材、体裁和阅读题型等方面依旧延续了以往的思路。下面笔者就结合这三套真题来具体分析。
快速阅读部分
首先，从文章题材来看，三篇快速阅读的文章涉及三个不同的内容。三篇文章的标题分别是“School Lunch”（学校午餐）、“Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind？”（电子版教材能否真正替代印刷版教材？）、“Surviving the Recession”（在萧条中求生）。从标题基本可以看出，第一篇文章涉及饮食和健康，第二篇文章主要讨论新技术对传统教学的冲击，第三篇文章应该与商业经济有关。从题材的角度来看，以上三篇文章可分别归入健康、新技术和商业经济的范畴。
其次，从文章体裁来看，本次四级考试快速阅读的文章体裁都是论说文。从历年的命题来看，快速阅读部分的文章体裁都是论说文，记叙文至今没有出现过。
最后，从命题的角度来看，快速阅读的命题方式依然是“7 + 3”的结构，即七道选择题和三道填空题。本次的选择题依然以考查文章细节内容为主，整体难度适中。而填空题则有难有易，所填答案主要是动词性成分和名词性成分。下面笔者重点分析两道比较典型的题目。其中一题是标题为“School Lunch”的快速阅读文章的第8题，其题干是这样的：“Students are advised to stay away from snack foods offered à la carte because their extra fat and sugar will make them ———.”考生可根据题干定位词à la carte将答案信息定位到原文倒数第五段的倒数第三句和倒数第四句：“Stay away from snack foods offered à la carte. They may fill you up now， but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later.”该题有一定难度，因为题干中有明显的表示因果关系的词because，而原文中没有出现明显的表示因果关系的词。其实，原文两句之间也暗含因果关系，只是考生需要自行判断出来。对照原文与题干中的这种因果关系，此题空格处应填入动词性成分slow down later。另一题是标题为“Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind？”的文章的第8题。该题较简单，考生只要通过同义替换就能找到答案。该题题干是这样的：“One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that it takes a great deal of ———.”考生可根据题干定位词interactive和from the ground up将答案信息定位到原文倒数第四段的这句话：“Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up， and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.”考生只要能看出a great deal of和a respectable amount of是同义替换，就能立刻找到答案：manpower （to put together each one）。
总结：四级考试改革后，虽然快速阅读的考查方式发生了变化，但是往年的快速阅读真题依然具有一定的参考价值。笔者建议考生在备考练习时，把每道题的正确答案和原文相应的内容作匹配，这样的练习方法就相当于把曾经的选择题和填空题变成了改革后的信息匹配题。
深度阅读部分
首先，从文章题材来看，本次四级考试深度阅读部分的文章以旧题材为主，主要包括商业经济、健康、婚姻家庭等。值得注意的是，在本次四级考试的深度阅读部分，商业经济类文章所占的比重较大，占据了深度阅读部分的“半壁江山”。另外，笔者结合快速阅读部分的分析发现，四级考试中快速阅读和深度阅读的题材相似度极高。
其次，从文章体裁来看，本次四级考试深度阅读的文章体裁主要是论说文，没有出现记叙文。从历年真题来看，深度阅读部分出现频率最高的是论说文，记叙文只是偶尔出现。因此，考生在备考时应侧重于训练论说文体裁的阅读文章，尤其应训练自己快速查找观点句和结论句的技能。
最后，从题型来看，往年四级考试的深度阅读部分主要考查三种题型：细节题、词义题和推断题（关于词义题和推断题的介绍请参见本刊2011年4月号和2011年10月号的相关文章）。本次四级考试深度阅读部分出现的题型基本都是细节题。词义题难度相对较大，但并没有出现在目前笔者搜集到的三套题中。在这三套题中，推断题只出现了一道，也算是本次考试深度阅读部分最难的一道题。下面笔者就来重点分析如何解答这道推断题。该题的题干表述是典型的推断题：“We can conclude from the passage that ———.”由于该题出现在最后一题的位置上，因此既有可能是针对最后一段的内容而设置的，也有可能是针对全文内容而设置的主旨性题目。审题之后可知，这道题需要联系全文内容来解答，属于一道全文主旨题。文章内容主要围绕“爱情”和“婚姻”展开论述，甚至上升到了文化的高度，通过论述阐释了婚姻的重要性。虽然文章末段没有直接给出本题的答案，但实际上结合全文主要内容，再结合文章第二段的末句“That’s why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming long-term relationships”，考生便可得出答案。本题答案是“Romantic love is becoming increasingly important in family relationships”这一选项。
总结：考生备考时应重点训练深度阅读部分的细节题，因为这种题型难度一般不大，但所占比重却非常大。在做细节题时，考生应主要关注原文中出现的相关答案信息以及相关人物的观点句，同时还应关注原文中出现的转折句和表示因果关系的句子，这些地方都是命题的热点。相反，推断题和词义题则属于“性价比不高”的题，因为这两种题型出现频率不高，且难度较大。因此，考生在平时训练时不必在这两种题型上钻牛角尖，只要能掌握基本做题思路即可。
选词填空部分
首先，从选项的角度来看，本次四级考试选词填空部分和往年一样，都侧重于考查动词和名词的用法，形容词考查得不多，副词考查得最少。
其次，从解题的角度来看，本次考试的选词填空部分仍侧重考查词性、词义和语法搭配。需要提醒考生的是，选词填空题最难的地方在于选项词经常会出现一词兼有两种词性的情况，如本次考试的三套题中出现的以下几个词：reason （作名词表示“原因”，作动词表示“推理”）、monitor （作名词表示“监视器”，作动词表示“监测”）、maximum （作形容词表示“最大的”，作名词表示“最大值”）、excess （作名词表示“过度，过量”，作形容词表示“过度的，过量的”）等。另外，就语法而言，考生除了要分析句子成分从而确定空格处所缺单词的词性外，还要重点关注名词的形式，因为名词有可数和不可数以及单数和复数之分。本次考试中出现的以下几个名词在选项中就是以复数形式呈现的：results （结果）、symbols （象征，符号）、symptoms （症状）、accidents （事故）、instances （例子，情况）等。此外，副词有时也会给考生造成一定的障碍，因为很多考生对副词不是特别熟悉。本次四级考试中出现的较难的副词有以下几个：consequently （因此）、dramatically （显著地）、briefly （短暂地，简单地说）。
总结：选词填空部分以考查词汇和语法搭配为主。因此要做好选词填空题，考生需要具备一定的词汇和语法基本功。另外，从选词填空题的考查方式来看，考生在平时背单词时，需特别关注所记单词的词性。
2013年12月四级备考建议
由于2013年12月四级考试将进行改革，快速阅读部分发生变化，因此笔者建议考生在平时学习的过程中注意打牢语言基础，这样在考场上才能以不变应万变。考生在备考时要注意以下几点。
1. 关注改革后的官方样题。改革后的题型没有太多现成的真题可供研究，唯一可以参考的就是官方样题，因此针对这次四级改革，考生应该重点关注官方样题，最好能自己做一做样题，找找做题的感觉（官方四级样题下载地址：http：//www.cet.edu.cn/cet4_2013.pdf）。
2. 以真题为核心备考。考生在备考时应该把主要精力集中在真题上。实际上，考生只要能把近五年的真题研究透彻，通过四级考试就是水到渠成的事情。至于市面上那些令人眼花缭乱的模拟题，考生应尽量不接触，因为模拟题毕竟不是命题人出的，所以在题目的难度和考点上或多或少会偏离真题，严重时可能会误导考生的做题思路。
3. 扩大阅读面。阅读的基本功还是很重要的，所以笔者建议考生平时多做阅读训练。当然，这里说的阅读未必是四级真题的阅读文章，也可以是其他阅读内容，比如网络、报纸、杂志上的英语文章都可以作为阅读材料。读得多了，考生就能逐渐熟悉英语的很多用法和表达方式，而这些对于应对四级考试来说都是极有帮助的。
Section A
Directions：In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks。 You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage。 Read the passage through carefully before making your choices。 Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter。 Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。 You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once。
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
A)attendance
B)consequently
C)current
D)depressing
E)dropping
F)essential
G)feasible
H)flow
I)mood
J)mutually
K)particularly
L)performance
M)review
N)survive
O)tend
参考答案：
26. 正确选项 O tend
27. 正确选项 M review
28. 正确选项 L performance
29. 正确选项 K particularly
30. 正确选项 N survive
31. 正确选项 E dropping
32. 正确选项 J mutually
33. 正确选项 H flow
34. 正确选项 F essential
35. 正确选项 I mood
Section B
Directions： In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it。 Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。 Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived。 You may choose a paragraph more than once。 Each paragraph is marked with a letter。 Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2。
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too
[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.
[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.
[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.
[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.
[E]“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?
[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.
[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.
[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”
[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.
[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”
[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.
[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.
[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.
36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.
37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.
38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.
39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.
40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.
41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.
42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.
43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.
44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.
45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.
参考答案：
36. 正确选项 E
37. 正确选项 L
38. 正确选项 B
39. 正确选项 H
40. 正确选项 N
41. 正确选项 J
42. 正确选项 F
43. 正确选项 C
44. 正确选项 I
电影展示努力阻止部落杀害儿童的成果
Filmmaker John Rowe discovered a secret after many visits to the Omo River Valley in Ethiopia: people there thought some children were “cursed.”
Villagers blamed the children for sickness, a lack of rainfall and other problems. So they killed them.
The Omo Valley is a place of beauty. It is home to villagers with customs that date back many generations.
Rowe says the villagers believe that if a child’s teeth first appear on the upper gum instead of the lower part of the mouth, the child is cursed and must be killed. He says children are also killed when they are born to a woman who is not married, or if they are disabled or are twins.
Rowe heard about this belief from Lale Labuko, the man who helped him during his visits to the Omo Valley. Rowe made a documentary film about the practice. He called the film “Omo Child.”
Labuko says that when he was 15 years old, he saw a two-year-old child being drowned in a river. His mother told him that he had two sisters who were killed before he was born.
In the film, a woman says 15 of her children were considered cursed. She says when they were born, older members of her village took them and fed them to crocodiles.
In the film, Labuko says “I want to stop these things.”
Labuko was the first member of his village to be educated. He asked Rowe to help him end the killings. First, he persuaded some young villagers, then families and leaders of the village.
Rowe’s son Tyler filmed the documentary over a five year period. He says it was not easy. He says some people admitted they had killed their children. But others said children were not killed.
Tyler says some villagers told him, “It doesn’t happen here. We stopped it a long time ago. It only happens (in another village, not here.)”
Labuko’s work caused people to begin speaking out about the practice. His tribe agreed to ban the killings in . Rowe’s documentary shows Labuko’s efforts.
A charity group created by Labuko and his wife has saved more than 40 children. They now live in a home in Jinka, Ethiopia.
The Ethiopian government has banned the practice, but Rowe says “there are two other tribes that continue to” kill children. But because of the film, more people know about the killings and the efforts of one man to stop them.
I’m Christopher Jones-Cruise.
______________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
twin n. either one of two babies that are born at the same time to the same mother
charity group n. an organization that helps people who are poor, sick, etc.
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C．工作日利用率 D．工作效率
答案：A 解析：出勤时间利用率又称作业率，是反映员工在出勤时间内实际工作工时及其被利用情况的指标。其计算公式为：出勤时间利用率＝实际工作工时÷出勤工作工时×100%。2.下面不属于观察法缺点的是（）。
A．调查者往往只能观察到被调查者的表面行为，难以把握其心理变化 B．为取得理想的结果，需要长时间观察 C．有时被调查者会觉察，引起误解
D．被调查者易受他人影响 答案：D 解析：观察法是指调查者通过到现场观察被调查者的言语和行为，从而采集相关信息的方法。这种方法的缺点是：①调查者往往只能观察到被调查者的表面行为，难以把握其心理变化，了解其思想，因此需要较长时间的观察；②时间延长，费用也会随之增加；③调查面窄；④有时会被调查者觉察，引起误解。3.以下不属于劳动标准法的是（）。A．劳动争议处理法 B．工资法
C．劳动安全卫生标准法
D．工作时间法
答案：A 解析：劳动法的体系包括劳动关系法、劳动标准法、劳动保障法和劳动监督检查法。其中，劳动标准法包括工作时间法、工资法和劳动安全卫生标准法。A项，劳动争议处理法属于劳动关系法。
4.（）是通过一些材料信息来考察和选拔人才的方法，是一种适合于初步选拔应聘者的重要方法。A.材料筛选法 B.笔试 C.面试
D.情景模拟测试
答案：A 解析：材料筛选法是通过一些材料信息来考察和选拔人才的方法。其主要依据应聘者个人的基本信息及背景材料，因而必须与其他人才选拔方法如面试、笔试等方法结合使用，才能取得令人满意的效果。总之，材料筛选法是一种适合于初步选拔应聘者的重要方法。5.（）不属于企业信息采集和处理的基本原则。A．准确性 B．系统性
C．全面性 D．经济性
答案：C 解析：企业信息采集和处理的基本原则包括：①准确性原则；②系统性原则；③针对性原则，即有的放矢，有目的、有计划地采集和处理企业信息；④及时性原则；⑤适用性原则；⑥经济性原则。
6.下列有关公民劳动义务的叙述不正确的是（）。A．劳动者应当完成劳动任务
B．劳动者负有提高职业技能的义务
C．劳动者在工作中负有互帮互助的义务
D．劳动者应当遵守劳动纪律和职业纪律 答案：C 解析：《劳动法》第三条第二款规定，劳动者应当完成劳动任务，提高职业技能，执行劳动安全卫生规程，遵守劳动纪律和职业道德。7.关于劳动定额，下列说法不正确的是（）。
A．劳动定额是在一定条件下制定的，不能脱离具体的生产、技术、组织条件 B．劳动定额受到各种客观物质条件的制约，但不受各种主观因素的影响
C．在具体规定劳动定额时，应从实际出发，针对不同的工作特点，采取行之有效的科学方法
D．劳动定额限定的对象是有效的劳动，不是无效的劳动
答案：B 解析：劳动定额是指在一定生产技术组织条件下，采用科学合理的方法，对生产单位合格产品或完成一定工作任务的活劳动消耗量所预先规定的限额。劳动定额不仅受到各种客观物质条件的制约，还受到各种主观因素的影响，如生产者的文化水平、生产专业知识和技能操作、劳动态度及主动性、积极性、管理者的专业素质和管理水平、劳动关系等。8.下列各项不属于岗前培训专业内容的是（）。A．关于企业产品的知识
B．从事某项业务所需要的知识
C．从事某项工作应具备的特殊技能 D．某项管理工作的程序、方法、标准 答案：A 解析：岗前培训的内容可以分为常规内容和专业内容两个部分。其中，专业内容包括：①业务知识，指除专业知识外，从事某项业务所需要的知识；②技能，指从事某项工作应具备的特殊技能；③管理实务，指某项管理工作的程序、方法、标准等。A项，产品知识属于常规培训的内容。6 9.9员工激励的特点不包括（）。A．任何一种激励方法都不是万能的 B．激励不一定达到满意效果
C．员工做出相应反应需要一定时间 D．激励一般会产生直接反应
10.10对组织而言，绩效管理的功能不包括（）。A．组织发展的有力措施 B．规范员工的手段
C．提高生产效率的途径 D．认识决策的基础
11.11（）是一种职业区别于另一种职业的根本属性或标准，一般是通过职业活动的对象、职业活动方式的不同来体现。A．工作内容
B．工作属性 C．工作性质 D．工作标准
12.12下列陈述中，符合绩效考核指标设置要求的是（）。A．让顾客完全满意
B．熟悉设备的使用和维护 C．尽量节约时间
D．每月废品率不超过1% 13.13从管理形式上看，现代人力资源管理是（）。A．静态管理 B．动态管理 C．权变管理
D．权威管理
14.14若将“工作热情高”这一绩效考评指标转化为“工作认真，不闲聊，不使设备停机”，就满足了绩效管理制度（）的要求。A．客观性 B．可操作性 C．可靠性 D．有效性
15.15《劳动法》规定，劳动合同当事人可以在合同中约定（）。A．保守经营者一切活动的信息资料秘密
B．保守用人单位商业秘密的有关事项 C．保守用人单位支付工资标准的秘密 D．保守用人单位职工名册的秘密
16.16团队生存、改进和适应变化着的环境的能力是（）。A.绩效成果 B.成员满意度 C.团队学习D.外人满意度
17.17弹性工作时间属于（）。A．经济性福利 B．直接薪酬 C．非经济性福利 D．津贴和补贴 18.18（）把下属作为权变的变量，即认为下属的成熟水平是选择领导风格的依赖条件。A.参与模型基础 B.领导情境理论 C.费德勒的全变模型 D.路径-目标理论
19.19小王进入公司工作已满一年，并没有和公司签订劳动合同，则其与公司之间构成了（）。
A．劳动法律关系
B．劳动雇佣关系 C．事实劳动关系 D．名义劳动关系
20.20劳动合同期限届满或劳动者已达到退休年龄，属于（）。A．约定终止条件 B．因故终止条件 C．法定终止条件
D．自然终止条件
21.21企业在组织校园招聘时，需要处理好的问题不包括（）。A.领导不重视
B.招聘人员错误观念 C.招聘人员素质不高 D.招聘申请表的发放
22.22在管理技术上现代人力资源管理（）。A．照规章办事
B．追求科学性和艺术性 C．以事为中心
D．追求精确性与科学性
23.23关于心理测试，下列表述不正确的是（）。A.人格测试通常采用自陈量表的投射法
B.心理测试是可信的，但不能全信，要靠实践经验 C.性向测试评价人们从事某种工作可能获得成就的能力
D.对求职者的非生活经验积累形成的能力特征的测试可预测其职业发展潜能 24.24劳动法的首要原则是（）。A．保障报酬权
B．保障物质帮助权
C．保障劳动者的劳动权 D．保障休息休假权
25.25招聘广告的设计必须遵循（）的四项基本原则。A.合法-兴趣-愿望-行动 B.注意-兴趣-愿望-行动 C.简介-注意-兴趣-愿望 D.真实-注意-兴趣-行动
26.26制定典型定额标准是（）的需要。A．经验估工法
B．统计分析法 C．类推比较法 D．技术定额法
27.27用人单位必须书面记录支付劳动者工资的数额、时间、领取者的姓名以及签字，并将记录保存（）年以上备查。A．一 B．两 C．三
D．四
28.28人力资源开发目标的整体性不包括（）。A．目标制定的整体性 B．目标实施的整体性
C．各个目标间不孤立 D．目标设计的针对性
29.29绩效评估中，针对员工需进一步努力，提高技巧和能力，以提高未来可能的效率的考评，属于（）考评。A．态度 B．业绩 C．能力
D．行为
30.30如果某员工在企业工作了15年，被企业解除了劳动合同，那么企业应支付（月的工资。A．24 B．15 C．1D．6
二、多项选择题(共10题，合计20分)31.1制定劳动定额的科学依据包括（）。A．对工作地的供应服务和组织的状况 B．操作者的技术水平、经验和技能
C．劳动者在一定工作时间内的工作负荷程度
D．整个生产周期和产品总劳动量
E．劳动环境和生产条件对操作者的影响
2.32下列各项属于在岗人员专业性技能培训的有（）。A．情商培训 B．行政人事培训 C．案例分析
D．营销培训 E．质量管理培训
3.33下列各项属于适应性现场培训程序的是（）。A．制定个别指导计划书 B．确定现场培训的指导者 C．颁发上岗证
D．编写现场培训指导书
E．培训结束后对受训者进行考试或考核
4.34属于劳动合同的因故终止的情形包括（）等。A．定期劳动合同到期 B．劳动者退休
C．劳动关系主体一方消灭
D．劳动合同约定的终止条件出现 E．劳动者辞职
个）5.35在工作岗位调查中，运用现场观测法应注意（）。A．对调查的工作事项要多提几个为什么
B．对重大原则问题，应避免发表个人的观点和看法 C．营造良好的环境
D．调查人应在不引人注意的地方进行观察记录，以防干扰员工的正常工作 E．选择多处场地对同类岗位进行观察 6.下列属于招聘费用的是（）。A．调研费、广告费、招聘会经费 B．选拔测试方案制订与实施的经费 C．通知录取结果的经费 D．高校奖学金
E．签订劳动合同的经费
7.37教学设计是进入实质性培训工作的第一步，其具体步骤包括（）。A．培训内容分析
B．培训教师考评
C．选择购买、编辑教学大纲和教材 D．受训人员分析 E．选择确定培训方法
8.38关于分析考评数据的方法，下列说法正确的有（）。
A．顺序法可依据总分进行排序，也可依照要素得分或指标得分进行排序
B．顺序法是将分数划区分，如：0～59分为差，60～69分为一般，70～79分为中，80～89分为良，90分及以上为优
C．能级分析法只将分数排队，如：100分、91分、81分，以此类推
D．综合分析法运用考评数据对员工进行全面、细致、综合的评价，这种评价只根据考评标准进行分析，不与别人的考评结果进行对比
E．常模分析法是将某个员工的考评结果与某个固定的岗位模式要求进行分析比较，看与这个模式相符的程度，从而对其绩效进行评价 9.39工作指导法的培训要点包括（）。A．关键工作环节的要求 B．改善员工间的合作
C．做好工作的原则和技巧 D．增加对企业工作的了解 E．须避免、防止的问题和错误
10.人力资源开发的根本目标包括（）。A．有效促进人的发展 B．有效运用人的潜能
C．有效促进组织的发展 D．有效开发人的潜能 E．有效开发组织的潜能
三、简答题(共5题，合计33分)41简述培训成本的含义与构成。不确定答案
42某企业实行职务工资，员工的工资取决于员工的职务，由于历史原因，企业中高等级职务都由老员工占据着。但这些员工由于知识老化，难以胜任现任的职务。但又不能让他们下来。年轻的或新来的能力强、贡献大的员工却没有合适的职务，使他们看不到个人发展的希望。为此，企业准备实行薪酬调整，请问需要收集哪些资料? 不确定答案
43对企业而言，绩效考评的结果直接影响员工的薪酬乃至职务的升迁。因此，研究绩效管理的信度与效度至关重要。请您说明什么是绩效管理的信度与效度，并简述二者之间的相互关系。
44员工福利的基本类型有哪些? 填写答案： 不确定答案
1、英语专业四级考试
TEM-4:全称“Test for English Majors-4”, 即全国高校英语专业四级考试。自1991年起由中国大陆教育部实行, 考察全国综合性大学英语专业学生。考试时间为每个四月份的第三个周六。整个考试需时140分钟。TEM4考试以60分为及格分数。成绩分为三个等级:60-69分合格;70-79分良好;80分以上优秀。
2、大学英语六级考试
CET-6:全称“College English Test-6”, 即“大学英语六级考试”。只有四级考试合格的人才有资格参加六级考试。符合大学英语六级考试报名条件的人员包括:全日制普通高校专科、本科和研究生中的在校生。大六考试作为一项全国性的教学考试由“国家教育部高教司”主办, 六级考试 (CET-6) , 每年各举行两次。
二、英语专业四级与大学英语六级考试大纲比较
1、试卷结构比较
(1) 英语专业四级考试
共有六个部分:听写 (15mins) 、听力理解 (15mins30道) 、完形填空 (15mins20道) 、语法及词汇 (15mins30道) 、阅读理解 (25mins20道) 和写作 (45mins作文和便条。考试以60分为及格分数。成绩分为三个等级:60-69分合格;70-79分良好;80分以上优秀。
(2) 大学英语六级考试
大学英语六级考试共有四大部分:写作 (30mins占15%) 、听力理解35%、阅读理解 (快速阅读15mins和仔细阅读35mins共占35%) 、综合测试 (完形填空15mins20道和句子翻译5mins5道, 共占15%) 。总分710, 不设及格线。
2、题型对比与分析
英语专业四级和大学英语六级都有听力, 阅读, 写作, 完型四个部分。因为作为英语学习者, 听、读、写这几方面的能力应该是最基本的, 不管是专业、非专业。不同之处是大六含有5道翻译题, 专四含有词汇和语法知识题。大六是针对全国学生涵盖范围广, 专四专业化程度更高。
(1) 听力题型对比分析
大学英语六级包括听力对话 (8篇短对话2篇长对话) , 短文理解 (3篇短文) 和短文听写, 能听懂英语讲课, 并能听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上没有生词、语速为每分钟130-150词的简短会话、谈话、报道或讲座, 掌握其中心大意, 抓住要点和有关细节, 领会讲话者的观点和态度。英语专业四级包括听写一篇短文 (错误率不超过8%) 和听力理解。听力理解包括对话, 陈述性短文和新闻, 共30道。测试要求:能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活、社会生活的讲演或交谈和难度相当于TOEFL中的minitalk等中等难度听力材料, 理解中心大意, 抓住主要论点或情节;能听懂VOA和BBC国际新闻的主要内容。两者都有对话听力、短文听力和听写。对话和短文听力是英语学习者最基本的要求, 大六的听写只是词汇听写, 而专四则是一整篇文章, 难度提高了很多;专四的听力中包括新闻, 难度也大于大六的听力。
(2) 阅读题型对比分析
英语专业四级共四篇文章均为仔细阅读 (约2000字) , 共20道多项选择题。测试要求:能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料, 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;既理解字面的意思, 也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论;既理解个别句子的意义, 也理解上下文的逻辑关系。两者都有仔细阅读, 大六是3篇约300字的短文, 专四是四篇约500字的短文。大六包括快速阅读, 而专四则都是仔细阅读。大六要求学生读懂, 专四则要求分析理解。
(3) 写作题型对比分析
英语专业四级根据所出的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等写一篇150词左右的短文, 能做到内容切题、完整、条理清楚, 文章结构严谨, 语法正确, 语言通顺恰当。考试时间35分钟。第二个是写便条, 要求根据提示写大约50-60词的通知、便条、请贴等。要求格式正确, 语言得体。考试时间10分钟。大学英语六级考试是一篇150字左右的短文, 30分钟。两者都包括一篇150字的短文, 时间也差不多。专四有notewriting, 更加注重学生运用英语的能力。
三、英语专业四级考试应对策略
1、听力应对策略
听写测试中, 很多考生在听第一遍正常语速时, 没有能够听懂全文的大意, 以至于会对一些关键词、句子误解, 写出同音异形词或错词。针对这种情况, 教师应加强英语专业四级考前准备、考前强化培训和模拟测试。除了模拟考试以外, 教师应在日常教学中安排听写训练, 以保证该项目取得好成绩。考生在开始听材料时, 应首先迅速准确地掌握导言, 也就是第一句话。根据导言法, 从整篇材料看, 导言往往是主要的部分, 其所体现的内容是一个报道中最本质、最核心的部分。
2、阅读应对策略
阅读理解在专四考试中占有很大分量, 考生往往因为在考试中阅读部分失分太多导致不及格。在平时学习过程中, 学生应注意以下几个方面:对精读与泛读二者兼顾, 不可偏废。一方面, 不能只偏重精读, 忽视阅读数量和阅读速度的提高;另一方面, 又不可一味注重泛读, 只顾提高读速问题, 满足于对阅读材料的一知半解, 忽略语言基础知识的日积月累。其次还要努力增加词汇量, 了解英美国家的文化。此外, 在考试过程中, 学生应全神贯注地投入阅读, 克服急躁的情绪, 注意合理分配有限的阅读时间。再次, 阅读理解的答题步骤一般是先边猜边读, 尽快地扫视浏览全文, 把握中心意思。接着再带着考题的要求回到文中复读, 尽快寻找到文中有关部分, 做到选择答案时依原文, 取舍有据。
3、写作应对策略
写作可以测试学生的词汇、语法、句型等各个方面的掌握情况。要想作文得高分绝非易事, 也不是考前临时突击背模板所能解决的。因此, 在平时, 考生应多读一些文章, 培养自己的语感;遇到很好的句子、段落等摘抄下来。其次, 还要多做写作练习。培养自己的写作思路, 不会到了考试拿到题目不知从哪下笔, 东拼西凑。只有积累练习的多了, 量变才会达到质变。
四、结束语
总之, 英语专业四级考试对于英语专业的学生而言是一次极其重要的考试。考生应在平时加强练习, 严格依据大纲复习, 掌握应考技巧, 在考试中取得优异的成绩。
参考文献
[1]何晔.英语专业四级和八级考试大纲与英语专业教学改革[J].皖西学院学报, 2009, (03) .
[2]李聪.浅析英语专业四级考试应对策略——比较英语专业四级和大学英语六级考试大纲[J].科技信息, 2009, (10) .
[3]刘喆, 刘莹.英语专业四级考试阅读解析[J].科技信息, 2009, (11) .
[4]杨颖, 杨瑛.提高英语专业四级考试成绩的有效措施[J].职业教育研究, 2008, (06) .
第一部分：
攻克四级听力的几条建议：
一、临场发挥
要取得令人满意的成绩，临场的发挥也是值得注意的。要力争主动，带着问题听。四、六级听力理解在正式开始做题之前，大约有2分钟的空余时间。考生可充分利用这段时间去阅读试卷上各题的选择项。正式开始做题之后，要严格控制答题时间，倘若遇到难题，应当机立断，不要在该题上花太多的时间。尽量余下时间浏览下一题的选择项。
二、快速浏览选项
考生要切记，对付一切听力考试都行之有效的做法是快速浏览选择项并提炼信息点，找出选项间的联系点。譬如,
题目涉及到的主要人物、地点、或者场景类信息。
四个选择项的设计都会和录音内容有关系，会造成干扰。这时，要比较它们之间的联系点，再与听力材料结合，迅速找出正确答案。通过先预览题目有针对性地去听力材料中的信息，从而帮助迅速有效地做出正确判断。
例如：
选项：
A) The doctor is busy tomorrow.
B) The doctor won’t see her tomorrow.
C) The doctor is busy all day today.
D) The doctor will see her today.
首先从四个选项上，可以联想到对话是关于医生的活动安排的内容。这样只集中注意力在医生的日程上就可以了。
原文：
W: When can the doctor see me?
M: He won’t be free until tomorrow.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案：C
三、注意辨别近音
同音、近音词句一样，在英语语言中也有许多单词读音很接近。做听力时，很容易对考生造成干扰。另外，在对所提问题设定的选项中，通常会出现与听力材料中读音接近的单词，作为对原句音或义的干扰。比如：
原文：
W: I've got to buy a new car.
M: Really?
Q: What does the woman mean?
选项：
A) She purchased a car recently.
B) She knew the car was in the lot.
C) She always forgets to clean her car.
D) She really needs a new car.
可以看出，B)项中的knew是对原文中new的近音干扰，而C)项中的forget是对I’ve got to的近音干扰。因此，在遇到这类题时，要求考生不要一看到干扰项就立即作出选择。此外，通过语音、语调也可以判断说话人的真实意图。
四、要做必要记录
人的记忆是有时间限制的，因此，训练作笔录能力大有好处。在听较长的信息时，一边脑记并理解，一边还要做笔录，只有这样，才能有效地理解和判断。在四级考试中，听力两部分考试都要求考生具有迅速而准确地记录有效信息的能力。
在Section A中，有关于时间，数量推算之类的题目：
W: I only have ten dollars, is it enough for three tickets?
M: Well, you can buy three 2 tickets and three ＄3 tickets, whichever you like.
W: I would like the cheaper seats, please.
Q: How much money will the woman have after she buys the tickets?
做这个题时，最好记下几个数字：10, 3, 3-2 or 3-3分别代表有10元钱，买3张票，3张2元的和3张3元的。
五、判断比较句式
比较有两种基本形式，相等比较和不等比较。相等比较的基本句型：主语+谓语+as+形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象。例如：“Walking fast uses up as many calories as running slowly.”有时只是形式上的相等比较，在含义上却是不等比较。例如“almost, nearly, practically”
不等比较的基本句型：主语+谓语+比较级+than+被比较对象。此外，以比较级形式可表达最高级含义。
例如：“No other student studies as hard as Peter.”
例子：
W:I think I’ll wear my red dress to the party tonight.
M: Can’t you wear your blue one? I like it much better.
Q: How does the man feel about the woman’s red dress?
A) He hates it.
B) He likes it better than the blue dress.
C) He doesn’t know which dress she means.
D) He doesn’t like it as well as the blue one.
答案：D
第二部分：
2006年12月大学生英语四级听力考试试题：
Section A
说明：第一部分会有8个短对话和2个长对话。每个对话只读一遍。每个对话读完后会有短暂时间给考生作答。
11.M: Christmas is around the corner. And I'm looking for a gift for my girlfriend. Any suggestions?
W: Well, you have to tell me something about your girlfriend first. Also, what's your budget?
Q: What does the woman want the man to do?
A) Plan his budget carefully.
B) Give her more information.
C) Ask someone else for advice.
D) Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
12. M: What would you like for dessert? I think I'll have apple pie and ice cream.
W: The chocolate cake looks great, but I have to watch my weight. You go ahead and get yours.
Q: What would the woman most probably do?
A) She'll have some chocolate cake.
B) She'll take a look at the menu.
C) She'll go without dessert.
D) She'll prepare the dinner.
13.W: Having visited so many countries, you must be able to speak several different languages.
M: I wish I could. But Japanese and, of course English are the only languages I can speak.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man can speak a foreign language.
B) The woman hopes to improve her English.
C) The woman knows many different languages.
D) The man wishes to visit many more countries.
14. M: Professor Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it's impossible for me to make it to the bar at ten.
W: Then it seems that we'll have to meet an hour later at the library.
Q: What will the man do first after class?
A) Go to the library.
B) Meet the woman.
C) See Professor Smith.
D) Have a drink in the bar.
15.M: It’s already 11 now. Do you mean I ought to wait until Mr. Bloom comes back from the class?
W: Not really. You can just leave a note. I'll give it to her later.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) She isn’t sure when Professor Bloom will be back.
B) The man shouldn't be late for his class.
C) The man can come back sometime later.
D) She can pass on the message for the man.
16.M: How is John now? Is he feeling any better?
W: Not yet. It still seems impossible to make him smile. Talking to him is really difficult and he gets upset easily over little things.
Q: What do we learn about John from the conversation?
A) He has a strange personality.
B) Hes got emotional problems.
C) His illness is beyond cure.
D) His behavior is hard to explain.
17.M: Do we have to get the opera tickets in advance?
W: Certainly. Tickets at the door are usually sold at a higher price.
Q: What does the woman imply?
A) The tickets are more expensive than expected.
B) The tickets are sold in advance at half price.
C) It's difficult to buy the tickets on the spot.
D) It's better to buy the tickets beforehand.
18.M: The taxi driver must have been speeding.
W: Well, not really. He crashed into the tree because he was trying not to hit a box that had fallen off the truck ahead of him.
Q: What do we learn about the taxi driver?
A) He turned suddenly and ran into a tree.
B) He was hit by a fallen box from a truck.
C) He drove too fast and crashed into a truck.
D) He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him.
问题19-25是根据你刚刚听到的对话提出的，请根据对话作答。
W: Hey, Bob, guess what? I'm going to visit Quebec next summer. I'm invited to go to a friend's wedding.
But while I'm there I'd also like to do some sightseeing.
M: That's nice, Shelly. But do you mean the province of Quebec, or Quebec City?
W: I mean the province. My friend's wedding is in Montreal. I'm going there first. I'll stay for five days. Is Montreal the capital city of the province?
M: Well, Many people think so because it's the biggest city. But it's not the capital. Quebec City is. But Montreal is great. The Saint Royal River runs right through the middle of the city. It's beautiful in summer.
W: Wow, and do you think I can get by in English? My French is OK, but not that good. I know most people there speak French, but can I also use English?
M: Well, people speak both French and English there. But you'll hear French most of the time. And all the street signs are in French. In fact, Montreal is the third largest French speaking city in the world. So you'd better practice your French before you go.
W: Good advice. What about Quebec City? I'll visit a friend from college who lives there now. What's it like?
M: It's a beautiful city, very old. Many old buildings have been nicely restored. Some of them were built in the 17th or 18th centuries. You'll love it there.
W: Fantastic. I can’t wait to go.
19.What’s the woman’s main purpose of visiting Quebec?
A) To go boating on the St. Lawrence River
B) To go sightseeing in Quebec Province
C) To call on a friend in Quebec City
D) To attend a wedding in Montreal
20.What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip?
A) Study the map of Quebec Province
B) Find out more about Quebec Province
C) Brush up on her French
D) Learn more about the local customs
21.What does the man say about Quebec City?
A) It’s most beautiful in summer
B) It has many historical buildings.
C) It was greatly expanded in the 18th century.
D) It’s the only French-speaking city in Canada.
Answers:
Section A
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D
16. B 17. D 18. A 19.D 20.C
21.B 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.A
Section B
说明：考生在该部分将会听到3篇短文。每篇短文后都有相应的问题。文章和问题都只读1遍，听完问题后作答。（本栏目只选取第一篇短文和问题）
Passage One
Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital research. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who had received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling all the material，learning new lessons and completing high-quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well-functioning kids, said Garharn Forlone, the study’s lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: when a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. “If we don’t ask about sleep, and try to improve sleep patterns in kids’ struggling academically, then we aren’t doing our job”, Forlone said. For parents, he said, the message is simple, “getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time”.
26.What were teachers told to do in the experiment?
A) Monitor students' sleep patterns.
B) Help students concentrate in class.
C) Record students' weekly performance.
D) Ask students to complete a sleep report.
27.According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students?
A) Declining health.
B) Lack of attention.
C) Loss of motivation.
D) Improper behavior.
28. What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents?
A) They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.
B) They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.
C) They should help their children accomplish high-quality work.
D) They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.
Answers:
Section B
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