英语老师常用（共8篇）
1.Good morning（afternoon, evening），class（everyone,students）。同学们，早晨好。2.This term we have nine subjects：Chinese,Enghish,Politics,History,Geography,Maths,physics,Chemistry and Biology.这学期我们有九门学科：语文、英语、政治、历史、地理、数学、化学和生物。3.We also have some other interesting subjects: Music, Fine Arts, Physical Education,etc.我们还有一些其它的有趣的课程：音乐、美术、体育等等。
4.We have one weekly meeting on Monday afternoon.周一我们有一节班会。5.The head teacher of our class is Mr.Zhang.我们的班主任是张老师。
6.You must be polite and say hi to them when you see the teacher.见到老师要礼貌，要问好。7.When you come into our school, you must speak Putonghua.一进学校，你就要讲普通话。8.The Chinese lessons are very important。语文课对于我们来说相当重要。9.We should study it more carefully than before.我们要比以前更加认真地学习。10.If you study Chinese it’s very easy, but if you don’t it’s very hard.对于汉语，你学它就不难，你不学它就显得挺难。
11.Chinese is our native language,we must learn it well.汉语是我们的母语，我们必须把它学好。12.This is our first Chinese class of this term.这是我们本学期第一节语文课。13.We’re going to learn Lesson One（the first Lesson）。我们要学习第一课。
14.Don’t make any noise in class,or you may trouble the others.课上不要喧哗，那会影响别人。15.Open your text-books to Page 10.打开课本第10页。
16.This text is written by Mr.Luxun.the great man in our Chinese modern literature history.本文由我国现代文学史上伟大的文学家鲁迅先生的作品。17.Listen to me carefully,let me tell you sth about the writer.请认真听我为大家介绍一些作者的情况。
18.You may write down sth important and special on your notes.你们可以在自己的笔记本上记录一些较为重要和特殊的内容。19.First ,let me read the text aloud.首先让我为大家朗读本文。
20.Put the text-books on your desk, please.请把你的课本放在书桌上。21.Please read it follow me quietly（lowly）。你们可以轻声跟读。22.Read the text to yourselves.默读本文。23.Stop here for a while, please.暂停一会儿。24.Take your text-books.用手端起课本来。
25.Pay attention to them when they read the second paragraph.他们读第二段时，注意听。26.Read more distinctly（Speak more clearly），please.请读清楚一点。27.Would you speak in a little loud（in a slow）voice（louder,please）。你能大一点声音吗？ 28.Speak in a little low voice, please.声音低一点。
29.Your voice（timbre, tone）sounds sweet.你的声音很好听。30.Read louder and slowly so that everybody can hear you.读得声音大一点、慢一点，让大家都能听清楚。
31.Now, you may read it in class.现在，你们可以课堂上阅读本文。32.I ask you to read it fluently and clearly as soon as possible.我要求大家尽量流畅、清晰地阅读本文。
33.About the key sentences, I ask you to study not only the meaning of the words,but also(them)in the line.就这些重点语句，我要求大家有仅了解字面，还要注意字里行间的深意。34.You may ask me if you have any questions.有问题可以问我。35.I’ll give you explanations as many as possible（I can）。我会尽多地为大家解释。
36.And then, I’m going to ask you sth simple about it.然后我会问你们一些较简单的有关情况。37.Where did we stop(learn)off last time(how far did we get last time)？ 上一次我们学到什么地方了？
38.Let me remind you of what we have learned last period(refresh your memory last time we talked about)。让我提醒你一下，关于上节课所学的内容。
39.Do you know the general/main meaning of the article?你知道这篇文章的中心意思吗？ 40.Say sth about what you have learned from the hero。谈谈关于这个英雄的启示。41.You mustn’t make faces in class.上课不要做鬼脸，出洋相。
42.Please keep quiet when some other students make mistakes.同学出错时，你要保持安静。43.Let’s take turns to read。让我们轮流来读。44.Who can read it aloud first ?哪位能先朗读？ 45.Hands up,please.请举手示意我。46.Don’t worry（calm down,slow down）。不必紧张。47.Speak up,please.请大声说。48.Stand straight,please.站直些。
49.The blackboard is too high for me, I only can write so few words on it.黑板太高了，我只能写这么多。50.You’re right（well done）。很不错。
Let’s read the text aloud together.下面，全体齐读。Now let’s begin.开始！
It’ll take us two periods to grasp（master）these.这些需要我们两课时才能掌握。We have three study tasks to do this class.本课时，我们有三个学习任务。The first is the background and the writer.首先是本文的背景和作者情况。Next,the thought and the writing methods.然后是它的思想内容和写法。
Then,the new words and the sentence strctures.最后是本文中的生词和一些句式。What’s more(what else), the feelings and the lauguage style of the text.还有，本文的感情和语言风格。
We may analyse the title of the text together.我们可以一起分析一下本文的题目。Now let’s speak freely.现在请大家畅所欲言。
That’s all（so much）for the class.Time’s up.下课时间已到，本课时就讲这么多。After class,you’re to read the text again.课后，大家还得再读一会儿。And you ought to hand in the homework in time.大家要及时上交作业。Let’s take a break, see you later,everyone.休息一会儿，同学们，再见。
According to the study demand（require）and our arrangement,we’ll do an action.根据学习需要和安排，我们要搞一项活动。
From now on, at the beginning of every Chinese class, we’ll ask someone to do the oral composition.从现在开始，在每堂语文课上课之始，我们请同学们做口头作文。Do you understand what I said just now ?大家明白我刚才说的意思吗？
Now, you may make preparations for it in ten minutes.现在，大家可以准备十分钟。The lecture will begin in a minute, let’s get ready.演讲稍候就要开始，准备一下。Whose turn is it today ?轮到谁了？ Are you ready now?准备好了吗？
Please do it in front of the blackboard.请到黑板前来做这个练习。Let’s give him（her）a warm welcome（clap）。让我们用掌声欢迎他（她）。
Please write down your title of oral composition on the right of the blackboard.请把你的作文题目写在黑板右面。
Thanks for father’s love.感谢父爱。
The first unforgetable cut class.难忘那第一次逃学。You’d better do it without draft.最好不要带稿。
Good job!You have done it with some grace, but your content isn’t much（enough）。做得不错，大方自然，只是内容偏少。
Just now our classmate Zhang Ming gave us a lecture, I think it is well done, I’d like to ask for some students’opinion on it.刚才我们的同学张明给我们做了一次演讲，我认为他做得很不错，我想听一听一些同学对它的意见。
How do you think of his lecture?你觉得他的演讲怎么样？ Because of our learning of text last period, we didn’t invite someone to do the lecture, at the begining of the class,we’ll ask our two classmates to do it, who is the first?上节课因为课文学习的缘故，我们没有请同学做演讲，这节课之初，我们要请两个同学做这个练习，哪位是第一位同学？
Next class, we’re going to learn Lesson Five.下节课，我们要学习第五课。
I ask you to make preparations for it before class.我要求大家课前做好一定准备。You gotta（have got to）learn the paragrghs 4---6 by heart.大家还要背诵第4—6段。Can you recite them now?现在能背诵过吗？ Please try to do it as well as you can.尽量做好。
Wonderful—very good---good---not bad---terrible---awful.好极了，很好，好，不错，糟了，很不理想。Now I’m sorry I’m late.对不起，我来晚了。How foggy it is this morning!今早晨雾迷漫。
Sth was wrong with my autocycle on my way to school just now.刚才我的摩托车在路上坏了。My autocycle is in the third bicycle-shed.我的摩托车现在放在第三个车棚里。Let’s continue the text.让我们继续学习这篇课文。What’s the weather like today?今天天气怎么样？ Great day today, isn’t it ?今天天不错，是吧？
It’s cloudy and rainy today,It has been very cold these days。今天阴雨天，这几天都挺冷。Put on more clothes before you go out.出门的时候多穿点衣服。
And you ought to cover yourself well with quilt while sleeping.睡觉的时候，盖好被子。
Open the window,please,It’s quite airless（the air is not fresh）here.打开窗户，这里太闷了，一点也不通风。
Please shut the door, It’s very cold today.今天天气真冷，请关上门，好吗？ How foggy it is（what a foggy day it is）now!今天雾可真大啊！
It’s getting chilly（hot, cool，warm）.天要变得寒冷（炎热，冷爽，温暖）。
According to the weather report（forecast）,it’s going to rain（snow, clear）.根据天气预报，天要下雨（下雪，放晴）。
Are you going to take your umbrella to the concert.你要拿雨伞去音乐会吗？
you’d better take your raincoat with you ,it looks like rain.你最好拿着雨衣，天要下雨。The weather changed suddenly, many of us caught cold.天气突变，一些人感冒了。It’s said that you were ill yesterday , is it true ?据说你昨天病了，真的吗？ Let me feel your forehead.让我摸摸你的额头。How are you feeling now?现在你怎么样？
It doesn’t matter（amount to）very much.没什么大不了的。Does your classroom have central heating?你们教室有暖气吗？ You’d better boil some vinegar.你们最好熬一些醋 Get well soon.祝你尽快康复。
I have used up all of the chalk, would you fetch.some more from the office?粉笔用完了，你到办公室拿回一些来，可以吗？
Please pass（bring）me the red chalk.请给我拿来红色粉笔。
I’ve used up my ink（toothpaste,paper）.我的墨水（牙膏，纸张）用完了。We’re all out of money.我们的钱用完了。
A dictionary is of great use to students learning a foreign language对于学外语的学生，字典是很有用处的。
Will you please fetch me my dictionary?能给我拿过我的词典吗？ You’re welcome to use my dictionary.你当然可以用我的词典。
Some of you look like sleepy now,they seem to be tired.有些人显得很疲劳，好象挺累了。You’re allowed to have some drink in the evening.class 晚上上课时，大家可以喝水。During the class, I notice some of you looks sleepy。我注意到有些同学课上精神不振。I don’t think you had a good rest yesterday。我想你可能是昨天没有休息好。Now you are allowed to take a three-miunte catnap.现在你可以休息三分钟。
And then,all of you must be in good（high）spirits.。然后，大家都要振作精神。
This class will be over in a moment, now let’s take a nap（break ,catnap）.本课时将近结束，大家可以休息一会儿。
But you know（should understand）, this doesn’t mean that you can take a rest in class freely.但是你得明白，这不是说你可以上课时随便休息。Could I have your attention?请注意了。Don’t fidget sth（about）.不要搞小动作。
Please give the main idea（meaning）of each paragraph.请给出这段的主要意思。What strikes you most in the lesson?这节课给你印象最深的是什么？
We’ll look at some difficult points in this text.我们要看一下这篇课文的难点。
I’ll give you some homework to do, everyone of you must do it well,ok?我给大家布置一些作业，大家能够尽力做好吗？
Do you like the pop music? Whose music do you like?你喜欢流行音乐吗？喜欢谁的音乐？
Now let’s enjoy the tape of a famous popular singer Miss Tianzhen.现在欣赏一下在大歌星田震的磁带。
You needn’t erase the backboard after class.课下你不必擦黑板。It’s impolite to mutter to one another in class.上课交头接耳不礼貌。
Some day next week, some leaders and teachers will attend（be here to see）our Chinese class, we’d better make preparations for it.下周，一些领导和老师要来听课，我们还是略做一点准备。Excuse me, from yesterday on, sth has been wrong with my throat.请原谅，从昨天起，我的咽喉痛得很厉害。
Now I can’t say anything in this class.这节课，我几乎什么也不能讲。
I’ll write two study tasks on the blackboard.我在黑板上给大家写上两个学习任务。I hope you can do it well by yourselves.我希望大家能自己做好。
You may discuss（have a discussion about sth）in groups（with you classmates,in pairs）.你也可以分组讨论。
And you may look through the new article-----Lesson Ten.你可以浏览新课----第十课。Please read the notes to the text in class again.你可以课堂上再看看注释。
Let’s read the exercise of the text, look at exercise.No.2.看看课文的练习，第二题。
We have two Chinese classes this afternoon, let’s practise writing a composition.今天下午有两节语文课，我们练习一篇作文。
We’ll put down（stop, won’t practise）the oral composition this period.这节课我们不做口头作文。There’re several titles of the composition on the blackboard,黑板上有好几个作文题目。
Write a composition of about 200 words on one of these subjects（titles）.就其中一个题目，写一篇200字的作文。
You may choose one of them to write.你可以选其中一个进行练习。
You gotta（be going to）pay attention to the requests（demand）.大家一定要注意这些要求。I think you ought to finish it in two classes（it’ll take you two classes to）.我认为大家用两节课可以写完它。
Everyone of you must hand it in at the end of the next class。每个同学在下节课结束时都要上交这份作业。
This assignment will take us two hours to finish it.这项工作需要我们两个小时才能完成。
Section monitor of Chinese, collect all the compositions and take them to my office , please.语文科代表，你要收上全部作文，把它们放在我的办公桌上。
She is good at handwriting（her handwriting is good）.她的字写得不错。
We’ll have our final exam of this term next Tuesday.下周二我们要举行期末考试。
From this class on, we stop our practice of oral lecture temporarily.从这节课开始，我们暂停口语训练。
It’s Friday today, we have five days left今天星期五，我们还剩五天。I hope all of you can pass the exam.我希望每位同学都能通过考试。We’re the best,we can beat the other classes.我们可以胜过所有班级。
You had better go over these ancient Chinese units.大家最好复习一下文言文单元。You may listen to the tapes of them quickly.大家可以较快地听一听这些文章的磁带。
And first, let me analyse our double-bases exercise-books.首先，我们一起分析一些双基练习。You may look through the notes and other study materials.大家看一下笔记和相关资料。
We gotta（have got to）review these ancient articles we have learnt.我们要把学过的文言文内容复习好。
We’ll get ready for the final exam.我们要为这场期末考试做准备。
Now, our examination paper has been made up.现在，我们已经完成了试卷出题。
These content is in our four revision books: text-book,exercise-book,and our other two study materials.考试内容就在我们四本书里：课本、练习和其它两本学习资料。
I’ll introduce them to you if you’re interested in.如果大家感兴趣我就为大家介绍一下这些材料。He spent two hours in going over the old lesson.为复习旧课，他用了两个小时。He spent a lot of money on literature books.他花了不少钱，用于买文学书籍。
This class, I’ll promote a monitor,and you may take a election for it.这节课，我想提拔一名班长，大家可以选举。
Do you understand（is it understood）?大家明白吗？ Everyone,you’re doing a great job.大家都干得不错。Don’t cry over spilt milk.不要过于计较。
Let’s give the classroom a good cleaning.让我们打扫一下教室卫生。Would you just look at the place?怎么打扫的卫生？ Why don’t we clean our classroom first?先打扫教室吧？ What shall we take care of next?还干什么？
Take these chairs out of the room.把这些椅子拿出房间。Take these charts off the wall.把这些图画从墙上取下来。
Why don’t we just straighten up a bit?我们最后再收拾一下吧？
Who’s the student（with）wearing glasses ?戴眼镜的那位同学叫什么名字？ Her name is on the tip of my tongue.我一时记不起她的名字了。
I knocked at the office door many times just now.我刚才敲了多次办公室的门。What’s the emergency? 什么急事？
Xiao Zhany is badly ill now, we must send for a doctor at once.小张正病得厉害，我们要赶紧送他到医院。
Is there a doctor in the school?学校里有医生吗？
Somebody call an ambulence.911.快打救急电话号码911。
What’s eating you（what’s wrong with you）?你到底怎么不舒服？
The doctor told me to take the cold medicine three times a day.医生告诉我服用感冒药一天三次。My classmate Zhangming got into a fight yesterday.同学张明昨天打架了 You are injured.你受伤了。
Freeze, don’t make him to lose too much blood.别乱来，不要让他失血太多，Tell him not to worry about it 告诉他，别为这事着急。Out of the way（get out）.离开这里。
1. 简化大词法。
Cupboard, chopsticks, workplace, chocolate, library, expensive等含字母较多的大词时, 联系它们的音标对它们进行音节划分, 找出音节与字母结合之间的对应关系, 使单词的记忆单位组合由原来的数目较大的字母组合, 转变成数目很小的音节组合。记忆单位数目大为减小, 减轻了学生的记忆负担, 明确了单词中各字母组合的读音规则。如:expensive/iks'pensiv/按安母划分是9个记忆单位, 按音节划分则只有3个记忆单位;又如, chopsitcks通过运用简化策略, 记忆单位由9个 (字母) 减少到2个 (音节) 。
2. 词卡记忆法。
准备一些卡片或袖珍笔记本, 把所学的单词和短语按照字母或相关的意思进行排列, 可英汉对照, 也可英英解释, 对于难记的单词要注上音标, 不必太条理化, 只要自己记忆方便就可以。切记, 不可孤立地只背一个单词, 一定要同时写下和记住其搭配和用法。如bus一词, 可同进记忆bus-stop, bus-driver, go by bus等。
3. 语境记忆法。
这种方法指通过上下文的意思进行记忆。一个英语单词往往有许多意思, 有时学习者只知其一, 不知其二, 因此在阅读和翻译中往往会造成理解上的错误, 由此可见, 对一个单词的真正含义只有在其特定的语言环境中才能准确地判别。如:head一词, 除了“头”的意思外, 还有一些搭配用法, 如to use one's head, form head to foot, at the head of a list, a head of state等。
4. 合成记忆法。
英语单词常由两个或两个以上的词组合在一起, 它是英语中古老的构词法之一, 称为合成法。随着时间的推移和语言的发展, 这样构成的新词越来越多。如果掌握了合成构词法的规律, 将会加速单词的学习和记忆。构成合成词的方法主要有以下几种:
(1) 名词+名词:teapot, bookshop;
(2) 名词+动词:sunshine, rainfall;
(3) 名词+形容词:lifelong, colorblind;
(4) 形容词+名词:longhead;greenhouse.
5. 派生记忆法。
英语中有许多前缀和后缀, 它们可以加在一个词根上构成一个新词, 英语称之为派生词。如果掌握了一定的前缀和后缀, 就等于掌握了超出词根几倍的单词量, 从而使学习者轻松愉快地记住一些抽象枯燥的词。如:like, dislike;patient, im patient;ill, illness;care, careless等。
6. 对比记忆法。
在英语词汇中, 很多单词都有同义词或反义词。在记这样的单词时, 最好同时记忆, 但要注意的是, 有些单词可能同时有几个反义词, 它们在用法或词义上会有差异, 对这种词要注上重点记忆符合或配上相应的例句, 以突出重点和难点。如com e-go, slow-fast, front-back, before-after, new-old (This is on old coat.The old m an is m y uncle.)
7. 联想记忆法。
这种方法因人而异, 没有固定的模式, 主要根据个人丰富的想象力和缜密的分析能力而定。 (1) 根据意思和词形联想, 如:som ebody, som eone, som ething, som eday;grandfather, grandm other, grandson.
(2) 根据拼读和拼写联想, 如:night, light, right, bright;round, sound, ground.
总之, 每个英语学习和使用者都有自己的经验和体会, 上面所谈及的几种单词记忆法仅仅是个人的建议和实践的总结, 希望能给学习者一点启示和帮助。
摘要：掌握和运用单词记忆法可有效提高英语学习的效率。只要有恒心, 坚持不懈, 加强训练, 使自己的词汇积累逐渐加快, 数量增多, 进而提高英语学习质量。
1. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比言语更有说服力。（事实胜于雄辩）
2. Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好。
3. Honesty is the best policy. 诚实总是上策。
4. The best fish are / swim near the bottom. 好鱼居水底。（有价值的东西不能轻易得到）
5. The more you get, the more you want. 拥有越多，想要越多。
注：以上五句谚语运用了形容词、副词比较级或最高级。
6. A rising tide lifts all boats. 水涨船高。
7. Time lost cannot be recalled. 光阴一去不复返。
8. To stand still is to move back. 逆水行舟，不进则退。
9. Saving is getting. 节约而后有。（节约就是获得）
10. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。（打翻牛奶，哭也没用）
注：以上五句运用了非谓语动词。
11. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作（学习）不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
12. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 早起早睡使你健康、富裕、聪明。
13. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.多吃水果利健康。（一天一苹果，医生远离我）
14. A bsence makes the heart grow fonder. 久别情深。
15. Money makes the mare(母马，母驴) go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。
16. You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 领马河边易，逼马饮水难。（不要逼人做不愿做的事）
注：以上六句运用了“vt. + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”句型。
17. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
18. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。
19. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望，作最坏的准备。
20. Its never too late to mend. 改过迁善从不嫌晚。（亡羊补牢，未为晚也）
21. One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
22. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 阅读对于我们心灵之重要，犹如运动对于身体一样。
注：以上六句运用了be worth..., hope for..., prepare for..., too... to..., A is to B what C is to D等固定结构。
23. All that glitters(闪烁) is not gold. / All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的并非都是金子。
24. All that dogs bark at are not thieves. / All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 狗吠者未必是贼。（勿以貌取人）
25. Every couple is not a pair. / Not every couple is a pair. 成双未必能配对。
注：以上三句运用了部分否定结构。
26. It is a good horse that never stumbles(绊倒), and a good wife that never grumbles(牢骚).良马会失蹄，贤妻有牢骚。
27. Its a long lane(小巷)that has no turning. 路必有弯，事必有变。
28. It is love that makes the world go round. 爱使世界更美好。
29. It is the early bird that catches the worm. 早出的鸟儿吃到虫。（捷足先登）
注：以上四句运用了强调句型。
30. A fall into the pit(陷井), a gain in your wit(才智). 吃一堑，长一智。
31. An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
32. Never put off till tomorrow. 今日事，今日毕。
33. Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
34. Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不想。
35. Waste not, want not. 不浪费，不愁缺。
注：以上六句运用了“省略”，表达精练，语言生动。
36. Alls well that ends well. 结果好就是一切好。
37. He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。
38. Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones. 家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石。（自己有弱点，勿揭他人短）
注：以上三句运用了定语从句。
39. Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.小鸡孵出前，先别忙点数。（办事尚未果，不把成功言）（不要过早乐观）
40. When in Rome do as the Romans do. 入乡从俗。
41. Where there is life there is hope. 有生命就有希望。（留得青山在，不怕没柴烧）
42. Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。
43. Where theres smoke, theres fire. 无风不起浪。
44. If at first you dont succeed, try, try, try again. 再接再厉，终会成功。
45. If a thing is worth doing, its worth doing well. 凡值得一做的都值得做好。
注：以上各句分别运用了时间状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句和条件状语从句。
46. Whats learnt in the cradle(摇篮) lasts till the tomb. 摇篮中所学，受用到墓穴。（孩提时代学到的东西，至死不忘）
注：以上这句运用了主语从句。
幼儿园老师常用简单游戏
一、《摇铃铛》
游戏目的：
1、训练幼儿听声音记数，初步培养幼儿的心算能力；
2、发展幼儿的听觉系统、记忆力及快速反应能力游戏内容：
1、在游戏前准备铃铛一个。
2、家长拍手引起幼儿注意，并问“我拍了几下”引起幼儿游戏兴趣。家长说“好，你注意听，拍完我要问拍几下。” 幼儿回答正确后家长说“我现在敲铃”敲一回，问一回。然后让幼儿敲铃，并说出自己敲了几下。游戏指导：
1、铃声不宜过大，以免影响幼儿的听觉系统。
2、尽量让幼儿敲铃，边敲边说出敲了几下，提高幼儿的游戏兴趣。
二、《看谁数得对>>
游戏目的：
1、使幼儿真正理解1~4的真正涵义；
2、训练幼儿的听觉能力、反应能力、培养幼儿学习数学的兴趣。游戏内容：
1、家长准备小猫、小狗、小羊卡片各一张(可自选)。
2、家长先拿出小猫卡片说：你们是小猫，先叫几下(幼儿会叫“喵、喵”)现在我们做游戏。我说小猫叫一声，你就叫“喵”，我说小猫叫2声，你就叫“喵、喵”，依次说到4声。做完游戏后，家长和幼儿对换角色继续下去。说完再拿出小狗小羊的卡片依上面的方法继续游戏，直到幼儿熟练掌握。游戏指导：
1、游戏时，幼儿叫声不对，家长可以引导幼儿。不能直接叫所要的声数。
2、此游戏可以多个小朋友一同进行。
三、《看谁的记忆里强》
游戏目的：
1、训练幼儿数数的能力，强化实物点数的能力；
2、锻炼幼儿的记忆力及观察能力和口头表达能力。游戏内容：
1、准备1个苹果，2个皮球、3个梨、4个橘子；报纸若干张(其他幼儿熟悉物品皆可，家长可据情况引申)。
2、家长将准备好的物品散乱的放在桌子上，让幼儿向后转，等家长用报纸把这些物品覆盖起来布置好之后，再请幼儿转过身来坐好。游戏时，家长对幼儿说“报纸下面覆盖了许多样小物品，把报纸掀开之后，很快的看几分钟，并要记住这许多物品的名称和个数”说完后，就打开报纸，让幼儿仔细观察约3分钟，然后用报纸遮盖起来。最后让幼儿把物品一件件的说出来，有几个同类物品要说出同类物的总数。看是否说得多，说得对。游戏指导：
1、家长布置物品时，幼儿不许回头窥看。
2、物品的体积不要太大，以小物品为宜，而且是幼儿认识并能叫出名字的。
3、观看的物品根据幼儿的反应能力，可多可少，难度提高。比如：两个苹果、三个梨、三块积木、四只笔。
4、可以请小朋友来家中一同玩游戏。看谁说得多，看谁说得快。
四、《小猫钓鱼》
游戏目的：
1、训练幼儿点数的能力以及知道在1的基础上添上1是2，再添上1是 3,再添上1是4；
2、训练幼儿的观察力、注意力以及准确的判断力。游戏内容：
(1)、家长先要准备好小猫钓鱼的玩具一套。
(2)、家长告诉幼儿。“你今天扮演小猫，看看你能钓多少条鱼?”幼儿拿起钓杆开始钓鱼(这种玩具是一直转动的，而且鱼的嘴巴一张一合，可以锻炼幼儿)当幼儿钓到一条时，家长就问“钓到几条?”幼儿会回答“1”条。当幼儿再钓到一条鱼时，家长说“一条与再添上一条鱼是几条?”幼儿回答“2条”。第三条时引导幼儿说出“2条鱼再添上一条鱼是3条鱼” 当幼儿钓到第4条鱼时，家长问幼儿：一共钓了几条鱼?并且让幼儿仔细数钓到鱼的个数，说出总数，“3条鱼加上1条鱼是4条鱼”。
游戏指导：
1、幼儿钓鱼时，家长要鼓励幼儿不慌不忙的钓鱼，锻炼耐心。对于钓不到鱼的幼儿，家长可以手把手的帮助。
2、幼儿在达到游戏目标时，若有兴趣，把鱼放在里面重新进行。
五、《卡片数字游戏故事》
游戏目的：
1、训练幼儿对数字大小的认知能力。
2、训练幼儿的语言表达能力。游戏内容：
这个数字游戏故事，可以在睡前也可以在饭后散步时。可以和宝宝开始讲了：
小蜜蜂，小蝴蝶，小蜻蜓比赛谁飞得快。
开始，它们不相上下，分不清谁飞得最快。
突然，小蝴蝶惊叫一声，摔了下来。“你怎么了?”小蜜蜂，小蜻蜓连忙停下来，关切地问。
原来，刚才小蝴蝶不小心撞在一根树枝上，翅膀受伤了。小蜜蜂，小蜻蜓替小蝴蝶包扎好伤口，让它好好休息。“都是我不好，害得你们也玩不成了。”小蝴蝶不好意思地说。“没关系，我们在这里也可以玩的。”小蜻蜓说：“让我们来玩卡片游戏吧。” 小蜻蜓找来四张硬纸，在每张硬纸上分别写上：1，0，5，2，这样便组成了四张卡片。“我们怎么玩呢?”小蜜蜂，小蝴蝶同时问。
小蜻蜓想了想，出的题分别是：
1)用这几张卡片排出一个最大的数。
2)用这几张卡片排出一个最小的数。
3)用这几张卡片可排出多少个不相同的数? 4)用这几张卡片可排出多少个不相同的数?
个人品质:
able有才能的，能干的adaptable适应性强的active主动的，活泼的aggressive有进取心的ambitious有雄心壮志的amiable和谐亲切的amicable友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive有理解力的aspiring有志气的，有抱负的audacious大胆的，有冒险精神的capable有能力的，有才能的careful办理仔细的candid正直的competent能胜任的constructive建设性的cooperative有合作精神的 creative富有创造力的dedicated有奉献精神的dependable可靠的diplomatic老练的，有策略的disciplined守纪律的dutiful尽职的well-educated受过良好教育的efficient有效率的energetic精力充沛的expressivity善于表达的faithful守信的，忠诚的frank直率的，真诚的generous宽宏大量的genteel有教养的gentle有礼貌的humorous有幽默感的impartial公正的independent有主见的motivated勤奋的ingenious有独创性的motivated目的明确的intelligent理解力强的learned精通某门学问的logical条理分明的methodical有方法的modest谦虚的objective客观的precise一丝不苟的punctual严守时刻的realistic实事求是的responsible负责的sensible明白事理的sporting光明正大的steady踏实的systematic有系统的 purposeful意志坚强的sweet-tempered性情温和的temperate稳健的tireless孜孜不倦的教育程度：
education学历educational history学历educational background教育程度curriculum课程
educational highlights课程重点部分curriculum included课程包括minor副修major主修specialized courses专门课程courses taken所学课程special training特别训练social practice社会实践part-time job业余工作summer jobs暑期工作vacation jobs假期工作
refresher course进修课程extracurricular activities课外活动physical activities体育活动recreational activities娱乐活动academic activities学术活动social activities社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship奖学金excellent League Member优秀团员excellent leader优秀干部student council学生会student union学生会off-job training脱产培训in-job training在职培训educational system学制academic year 学年semester学期（美）term学期（英）supervisor论文导师pass及格
fail不及格marks 分数
examination 考试degree学位
post doctorate博士后doctor(Ph.D)博士1
master硕士bachelor学士graduate student研究生abroad student留学生undergraduate大学肄业生government-supported student公费生commoner自费生extern走读生intern实习生prize fellow奖学金生boarder寄宿生graduate毕业生guest student旁听生（英）auditor旁听生（美）day-student走读生compulsory courses必修课Continuing course继续教育seminar研讨会
foreign language proficiency外语水平G..P.A(grade point average)平均分数 symposium 专题报告会Extracurricular activity课外活动optional course/ subject选修课程A.B.＆BA(Bachelor of Arts)文学硕士
B.S＆B.Sc(Bachelor Science)理学硕士A.M＆M.A(Master of Arts)文学硕士M.S＆M.Sc(Master of Science)理学硕士
工作经历:
work experience工作经历occupational history工作经历professional history职业经历specific experience具体经历responsibilities职责second job第二职业achievements工作成就，业绩administer管理assist辅助adapted to适应于accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed被任命的adept in善于analyze分析authorized委任的，核准的behave表现break the record打破记录breakthrough关键问题的解决
个人资料:
name姓名pen name 笔名alias别名Mr.先生Miss小姐Ms小姐或太太Mrs.太太age年龄bloodtype血型address地址permanent address永久住址province省city市country县prefecture专区autonomous region自治区nationality民族，国籍citizenship国籍native place籍贯duel citizenship 双重国籍family status家庭状况marital status婚姻状况married已婚single未婚divorced离异separeted分居number of children子女人数health condition健康状况health健康状况excellent（身体）极佳short-sighted近视far-sighted远视ID card身份证date of availability可到职时间inch 英寸foot英尺street街road路district 区house number门牌lane 胡同，巷height身高weight 体重born生于birthday生日 date of birth 出生日期birthdate 出生日期birthplace 出生地点 home phone 住宅电话office phone 办公室电话 business phone 办公电话
current address目前住址postal code邮政编码 membership会员、资格vice-president 副会长president 会长standing director常务理事director理事association协会society学会secretary-general 秘书长architect建筑师administrative assistant行政助理associate professor 副教授assistant professor助理教授chief physician 主任医师attending doctor主治医师marketing executive营销主管registered nurse注册护士chief accountant主任会计师business manager业务经理senior consultant高级顾问computer processing operator 电脑处理操作员senior vice president高级副总裁director of Human Resources人力资源部主任financial controller财务主任software engineer 软件工程师research assistant助理研究员trust banking executive 银行高级职员
离职原因:
for more specialized work为更专门的工作
for prospects of promotion为晋升的前途
for higher responsibility为更高层次的工作责任
for wider experience为扩大工作经验
due to close-down of company由于公司倒闭
due to expiry of employment由于雇佣期满
sought a better job找到了更好的工作
to seek a better job找一份更好的工作
业余爱好:
hobbies业余爱好play the guitar弹吉他
reading 阅读play chess下棋
play话剧long distance running 长跑
play bridge打桥牌collecting stamps集邮
play tennis打网球jogging慢跑
2.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4.People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6.When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7.Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person‘s physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8.Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9.An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city.However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious
problems like crime and prostitution.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。
10.Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。(超循环背诵大表)
11.There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
12.An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
13.A proper part-time job does not occupy students‘ too much time.In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study.As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。
14.Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin.Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。
16.In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。
17.The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
18.It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
19.Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
20.No one can deny the fact that a person‘s education is the most important aspect of his life.没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。(超循环背诵大表)
常用句型：
1． 表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmfulto us．
例： However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．
3）The computer has brought about（导致）many changes in education．
例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5）However，that’s not the case．
例： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards（危害）of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
例： Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petrol（石油）．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000．
Legal entity formed under the authority of either provincial or federal statues usually formed to make a profit.Liabilities of shareholders (owners) are generally limited to the amount of their investment.The name of a corporation ends with Limited, Ltd, incorporated, Inc, Corporation or Corp.
是指由股东所有的法律实体, 可以拥有资产、举借债务、提出诉讼, 或成为被告。在英美国家一般指股份有限公司。
corpus本金
The principal amount of a debt instrument, or the underlying assets in a trust.
债务支付工具或信托中标的资产的本金。
correction回档, 修正
A reversal of the prevailing trend in price movement for a security.
背离最近市场趋势的价格反转走势。常见的回档是从最近的趋势涨跌33%、50%或66%。
correlation相关性
A relationship between two variables.
是指衡量两个随机变量之间线性关系的标准。当相关系数等于1时, 两者正相关;当相关系数等于-1时, 两者负相关;当相关系数等于0时, 两者不相关。
correlation coefficient相关系数
A statistical measure of the interdependence of two or more random variables.
是指反映两个变量之间线性关系强弱的指标。较常用的如:两个市场走势相关程度的统计指标。
correspondency system代理银行系统
The system through which loan correspondents originate and administer loans.
代理行产生和管理贷款的系统。
correspondent代理银行
A bank, brokerage or other financial institution tha performs services for other banks, brokerages or other financia institutions, where the latter does not have direct access
向银行、经纪公司或其他金融机构提供其无法直接提供之服务的某银行、经纪公司或其他金融机构。
cosigner共同签署人
An individual other than the borrower who signs apromissory note and thereby assumes equal liability for it.Also called comaker.
除借款人外在本票上签名的人, 因而负有同等责任。也叫共同签署人。
cost accounting成本会计
The process of identifying and evaluating production costs.An area of management accounting which deals with the costs of a business in terms of enabling the management to manage the business more effectively.
确定和估计生产成本的过程。
cost basis成本基准
1.Purchase price, including commissions and other expenses, used to determine capital gains and capital losses for tax purposes.2.The difference between the cash price and the futures price of a given commodity.
1.买价, 包括手续费和其他费用, 用以决定用于税收的资本利得和资本损失。2.用于决定税赋的资产成本。3.给定商品现金价格、期货价和差额。
cost of capital资本成本, 机会成本
The opportunity cost of an investment, i.e.the rate of return that a company would otherwise be able to earn at the same risk level as the investment that has been selected.
一项投资的机会成本。即在同等风险下, 不选择此项投资的报酬率。是指企业为筹集和使用资金而付出的代价, 包括筹集费用和使用费用。
cost of carry持有成本
Expenses incurred while a position is being held;for example, interest on securities bought on margin, dividends paid on short positions, and other expenses.
期权合同的买进卖出进行时所发生的费用, 如证券交易中保证金 (自备款) 的利息, 空买空卖所产生的费用及其他费用。是指存储成本加上融资购买资产所支付的利息, 再减去该资产所得的收益。
cost of debt capital债务资本成本
The interest rate a company is paying on all of its debt, such as loans and bonds.
一、 英语时态教学的具体实践
英语中的时态是指在某个具体时间段主语所处的状态。在教学过程中，时态和事件是有一定联系的，时间决定时态，而时态在很多时候又是靠动词来表示的，所以有时又称动词表现时态。所以，学生在学习过程中只要掌握好动词的具体用法，就可以掌握好时态。
1. 一般现在时
一般现在时表现的是经常发生的动作或有一定规律性的状态。老师可以在课堂上根据要求举出相似的例子。经常做的动作和具有规律性的状态，一般生活习惯上的例子会比较多，比如做运动，做作业等经常做的事情。比如，老师走进课堂，可以问同学们经常会做一些什么事，定期又会有些什么样的活动，等学生回答后，老师就可以说在这样的情况下，要使用一般现在时，这样就可以让学生记得很清楚。还有，直接让同学们记住，当句子中出现often， usually， always等词时，一般就可以判定这是一般现在时。
2. 一般过去时
一般过去时指已经发生的事或过去某个时间发生的事，有yesterday， last week， last night等标志性词语，在教学的过程中，教师要注重提高学生的学习积极性，可以根据学生喜欢的话题来进行举例，比如， She went to dance lase night. （她昨晚去跳舞了。）另外，运用活动或是电视里的人物进行分析，学生们应该都会喜欢。
在表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作时，常与often， usually等表示频度的副词连用。利用上课不认真的同学举例，提醒或鼓励他们在课上的表现，这样，在使学生了解时态的同时，使学生感到满足，他们会积极投入到英语学习当中。
3. 现在完成时
首先，它表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有never， just， already， so far等。例子是可以用来假设的，老师可以按照学生的思路，了解他们对哪些影视作品感兴趣，然后对里面的人物情节进行描述，或者让学生自己举例子，再结合学习的知识进行分析，把现在完成时运用好。其次，现在完成时表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。对于过去已经开始的动作，老师可以问同学谁有什么好习惯，以此举例，提高学生学习的热情。最后，现在完成时还可以表示次数。老师可以对学生去过哪些城市，去过几次，让同学们从自己的经历中体会现在完成时的用法，以提高学生的积极性。
4. 过去进行时
过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事情发生的背景。首先老师在上这堂课之前，可以结合其他教学案例进行研究和分析，对比哪种教学模式会更容易让学生接受，然后再列举出一些比较典型的例子在上课时拿出来讲。顾名思义，过去进行时重点强调的就是过去的某种状态，有时候也指两件事物同时进行。在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主句和从句中的动词都可以用过去进行时。如： While he was waiting for the bus， he was reading a newspaper. 他一边等公交车，一边看报纸。
最后可以以这种结构为指导，让学生在课堂上自由讨论和进行现场模拟，但注意强调时态必须是过去阶段，简单地说就是让同学们清楚地了解他们目前所有的动作都是在过去的某一个时间段发生过的。比如说分组进行，三个同学一组，让两个学生在现场各自做着各自的事，一个写作业，一个在听音乐，另外一个就根据其他两位同学的动作，用英文表达出来，但句子的结构需要模仿上面的那个复合句： While Xiao Li was listening to the music， Xiao Xia was doing her homework. 这样的话，就能够激发学生的学习热情，让他们更好地投入到学习氛围当中去，同时也能让他们通过实践的方式更好地记住，以便以后能够轻松地运用。
二、 具体教学措施
从上面就可以发现，作为老师，不仅要在上课前整理好一切相关的教案，在课堂教学中，也要积极投入到学生的各种讨论当中去，与学生一起探讨问题，不断发现问题，在教学模式上要不断改善，找出适合学生学习的方法。这样才能调动学生的积极性，提高他们的学习热情，减少学生在学习英语过程中的压力。需要注意的是，对于英语这门学科，老师一定不能以传统的教学模式来教学生，那样只会让学生更加觉得学习英语是一件很枯燥、相当没有情趣的事情，要通过实践的方法，让他们自觉地投入到英语学习的氛围当中去。
三、 结束语
本文通过举例，具体地介绍了在初中英语中四种不同时态的运用，不得不说时态的掌握在学习英语过程中是非常重要的，很好地掌握时态能够激发学生学习英语的热情。老师也要有耐心去教学生，尽最大的努力找出适合学生学习英语的方法，以便提高学生的英语水平。
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