初中英语语法总结(从句)

初中英语语法总结(从句)（通用10篇）

初中英语语法总结(从句) 篇1

1.主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.2.主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语.:

3.形式宾语

4.由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句

5.whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同.当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if.Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.Whether he will come or not is not known.6.在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because.The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.二: 定语从句

1.引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which.在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.2.当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.3.as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用.As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.4.介词+which/whom/whose从句

5.代/名+介词+which 从句

6.同位语从句和定语从句

三、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

四、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

五、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意：(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

初中英语语法总结(从句) 篇2

1. 定语从句的概念

定语从句又叫关系从句，是一个句子作定语修饰一个名词性成分。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。因为定语从句较长，所以总是放到所修饰词的后面，较短的一个名词或代词无论作主语、宾语或其它成分，后面带了个结构完整的句子难免有些突兀。这就需要把先行词和后面的定语从句连起来，起这种链条作用的连接词叫关系词。

2. 定语从句的重要组成部分

2.1 定语从句：

定语从句是由关系词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.2 先行词：

被限制或修饰的名词或代词。

2.3 关系词：

引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词引导定语从句都起着三重作用：一是链条作用，二是代表先行词，三是在定语从句中充当一个成分。

2.3.1 指人的关系代词有who, whose, whom, that。

Eg:The old man whom we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

2.3.2 指物的关系代词有which, whose, that。

(注意：指物时，下列情况只能用that，不能用which。)

Ⅰ.先行词是anything, few, all, some等不定代词，或有不定代词修饰。

Eg:All the books that you offered has been given out.

Ⅱ.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级。

Eg:The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

Ⅲ.先行词被the very, the only等修饰。

Eg:The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.

Ⅳ.主句中有who, which等wh-开头的特殊疑问词。

Eg:Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

Ⅴ.先行词既有人也有物。

Eg:This is the scientist and his theory that we have learned.

Ⅵ.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。

2.3.3 关系副词引导定语从句时作定语从句的状语，where表示地点，when表示时间，why表示原因。

Ⅰ.Where:

Eg:Cook went to Canada, where the war was being fought.

Ⅱ.When:

Eg:At the time when I saw him, he was very busy.

Ⅲ.Why:

Eg:The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is not convincing.

2.3.4 由其他词引导的定语从句。

Ⅰ.as可以作关系代词，引导定语从句，主要和such或same连用。

Eg:They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.

Ⅱ.but也可以用作关系代词来引导定语从句，意思接近与that (who)...not(常和否定词连用，用法已经有些过时)。

3. 定语从句的分类

定语从句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。非限制性定语从句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的联系，仅仅是对先行项提供的一些补充说明。

3.1 限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中通常不用逗号。

Eg:The man who did the robbery has been caught.

限制性定语从句通常出现在下列搭配中：当名词中心词带有表示类别的不定冠词时，其后的关系分句通常为限制性定语从句。

Eg:He is the man who told me the news.

3.2 非限制性定语从句。

这种分句在书写中常用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句的引导词通常是who, whom, where, when和which等wh-词。

Eg:The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right.

3.3 介词+关系代词。

在定语从句中一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构。要掌握这类定语从句，需注意一下三点。

3.3.1 关系代词的选用

在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom，先行词是物，用which;先行词是人，用whom。

3.3.2 介词的选用

Ⅰ.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定介词。

Ⅱ.根据先行词来确定介词。

Ⅲ.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。

3.3.3 介词的位置

介词一般放在关系代词which或whom之前，但也可放在原来的位置上。(注意当介词和从句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，介词一般不前置。例如：care for, deal with, get through, hear from.)。

4. 学习定语从句时常见的错误用法

4.1 定语从句中的主谓不一致。

【误】I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.

【正】I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.

【析】当定语从句所修饰的先行词是一个代词时，谓语动词的形式要与该代词的人称保持一致。

4.2 定语从句中that与which的误用。

【误】He doesn’t see things (in) the way which we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way that we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way in which we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way we see things.

【析】that还可以代替“介词(of, with, in等)+which (whom)”，这是一种比较通俗的用法。在way的后面有定语从句，而way在其中充当状语时，有三种表达方式：(A) the way; (B) the way that; (C) the way in which。先行词如果是表示时间、方法之类的名词时，that常常被省略。

参考文献

[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程.上海外语教育出版社, 2003.

[2]王乐君.高中英语基础知识全书.世界图书出版公司, 2004.

[3]郁明亮, 金惟康, 陈浩.大学英语典型错误解析.上海辞书出版社, 2006.

[4]马德高.教材全易通高中英语必修一.山东省地图出版社, 2008.

从宾语从句看高中英语语法教学 篇3

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

宾语从句的关联词主要有that， if， whether， what， which， when， how等。 that是引导表示陈述语气的宾语从句，而if， whether是引导表示是否和否定意思的宾语从句； what等引导词则需要根据语境的不同来选择。

一、 that的用法

that引导宾语从句，且大部分情况下that可以省略。例如：

I know （that） he has come back to school. 我知道他已经回到学校来了。

但是， that在引导宾语从句时不是任何情况下都可以省略的。例如：

（1） Everybody could see what happened and that Jim was frightened.

本句中and是连接两个宾语从句， and后所连接的宾语从句that不能省略。

（2） I know nothing about her except that she has a mother. 除了知道她有一个妈妈，我对她一无所知。

except是介词，介词后面加宾语构成介宾结构，而she has a mother是一个句子，所以that she has a mother做except的宾语， that在此句中不可以省略。

二、 if和whether的用法

if和whether通常用于疑问句中表示“是否”之意，两者可以互换使用。例如：

Nobody knows whether/if it rains tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。

但是在特殊情况下whether和if是不可以互换的。例如：

（1） I am not sure whether to go. 我不确定是否要走。

在不定式之前一定要用whether而不能用if。

（2） It makes no difference to us whether you go abroad or not. 你是否出国对于我们来说都没有区别。

当句中有or not时用whether而不用if。

（3） I worry about whether he can pass the exams.

句中whether引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能。

另外， whether可以引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，而if则不能。例如：

Whether it is true remains a problem. 这是否正确仍是个问题。（主语从句）

The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题的关键是我们是否应该借钱给他。（表语从句）

They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们正在调查这位男子是否值得信赖。（同位语从句）

三、 wh-引导词

wh-引导词则需要根据句子的具体含义进行选择。例如：

In your own home you can do whatever you like. 在家里可以做你喜欢做的任何事情。

The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部会给任何获奖的人一个奖品。

That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们将去哪里。

传统的高中语法教学是这样的一种模式：老师课前整理好语法重点——课堂中直接给学生进行讲解——学生硬性地背这些条条框框。在这种教学模式中，学生只是抱着一种应付的心理去学习，而不是自愿去学，致使课堂气氛沉闷。现在的学校很多都是采用题海战术，每天课后都有很多卷子让学生去做，晚上放学后还是要发卷子让学生做，学生下晚自习的时间都已经很晚了，老师所发的卷子根本是不可能完成的任务，所以只能熬夜写，然后睡眠不足，白天上课时没有精神听课。这样恶性循环，最终将导致学生的学习成绩下降。

我们学习英语语法的真正目的是帮助学生掌握学习语法的技巧，提高学生在考试中的运用能力以及在阅读中分析长句的能力。最终达到“learning by using， learning for using”的目的。

近些年来的实践证明，通过听说的方法对于学好英语语法还是比较有效的。

（1） 练好最基本的句型。通过传统的英语听力，练习跟读，达到熟读，使其成为自己可以熟练运用的语言并运用到生活中。听力材料可以使用教材听力、广播、电视等，由浅入深，由简入繁，做到逐步深入，逐渐提高。

（2） 在课文中去学习。词语只有结合在语句中才会有生命的流动，才会有深刻的记忆，才知道如何运用，语法也是如此。因此，学生要特别注意课文中出现的经典句型，自己多加练习并有意识地加以运用。

（3） 进行大量的实践。英语学得好与坏并不是说看你听了多少本听力磁带，而是看你平时说的多不多。你听了一年的英语但却没说过一句英文，这种听是毫无意义的。我们只要听得懂就好，熟练地说才能达到实践的目的。学习语法，运用语法没有捷径，只有在听懂的基础上进行大量的练习并运用到生活中去才算真正地学会语法。

英语语法时间状语从句 篇4

Let’s wait until(till)the rain stops.

等雨停了再说。

She comes to talk to me whenever she feels lonely.

每当她感到寂寞时就来和我聊天。

As I talked, I gained some confidence.

我一面谈着一面增强了信心。

Now that I have come back, I want to help you both.

现在既然我回来了，我要帮助你们两人。

Once the train is moving, there is no way to stop it.

一旦火车开动了就没法址它停下来。

2.由every time，the moment等词引起的从句也可以用作状语

Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.

每回伤风我的背就疼。

Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage.

她一在台上出现就响起暴风雨般的掌声。

He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.

我第一次碰到他时，他就给我这个印象。

Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.

下次进城你一定来找我们。

3.instantly，immediately，directly等词也可引起时间状语从句

The machine will start instantly you press the button.

你一按电钮机器就会开动。

I’ll give you an answer immediately I’ve finished reading your report

我看完你的报告立即给你答复。

Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.

高中英语名词性从句语法 篇5

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等， 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句的用法

一. 主语从句在复合句中作主语， 它可以位于句首， 但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。

1. That the earth is round is true.

= It is true that the earth is round.

2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided.

= It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

注意： 连词that， whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略 (注：if不可用来引导主语从句)

二. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is+名词+从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that…是常识

(2) It is+形容词+从句 (多用 should)

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) It is + 不及物动词+从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

It appears that… 似乎…

(4) It is + 过去分词+从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

It is said that… 据说…

it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构， 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

判断：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window

宾语从句的用法：

句子结构：

主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句

连接词：从属连词that， whether， if

连接代词 Who， whom， whose，which， what

连接副词 where， how， why， when

一. 连词 (引导词)

1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句)， 连词由that引导， 因为that在从句中不作任何成分， 也没有任何具体意思， 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

Jane said (that) she wasn’t late for the meeting.

2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时， 由特殊疑问词充当连接词， 因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分， 具有一定的意义， 所以不可以省略。

Do you know what he said just now?

I don’t remember when we arrived

3. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if)，因为if/whether翻译成是否，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。

Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .

Let’s see if /whether we can find out some information about that city

注意：

① 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下：

A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如：

The question is whether the film is

worth seeing.

The news whether our team has

大学英语四级考试语法：从句 篇6

1.先行词为all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。在大多数情况下that可以省略.

please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.

that’s all (that) we can do at the moment.

2.as引出的限制性定语从句

在such … as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。

such people as were recommended by him were reliable.

i’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.

i have the same trouble as you (have)。

3.as引出的非限制性定语从句

as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为“(正)如…一样”，“(正)象…一样”等。as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.

i live a long way from work， as you know.

she did not， as her friend had feared， break down.

as is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

4.分隔式定语从句

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。

the days are gone when power politics worked.

a new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you french.

5.介词+关系代词(which/whom等)引出的定语从句

如果关系代词(which/whom等)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词(which/whom等)+定语从句”。在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。

this is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.

the four travelers with whom i shared the room were pleasant people.

6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略，一般有以下几种情况：

1) 关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时，在大多数情况下可以省略。

this is something (that) you must always keep in mind.

the man (whom) you just met is our manager.

关系代词作介词宾语时，介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略;介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。

this is the room (which) churchill was born in.

this is the room in which churchill was born.(which不可省略)

2) 关系代词作主语时一般不能省略，但如果关系代词在由there … be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。

this is the only book (that) there is on this subject.

the old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.

3) 在way后面的定语从句中in which或that通常省略。

that’s the way (that/in which) i look at it.

i don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

7.非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句，起补充说明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，其引导词不能用that。非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。

1)由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。which、as代表整个主句。

he said that he had never seen her before， which was not true.

china is still a developing country， which is known to all of us.

2)由 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。

he sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.

he failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him.

4) 由 “数词、代词或名词+of +关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。

he had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate.

there are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen.

they are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused.

Ⅱ 状语从句

状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多，这里给予简单介绍。

1) 时间状语从句

时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。

i will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.

he didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.

you have changed a lot since we met last time.

时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副词(instantly， directly等)引导：

i will tell you the news the instant i know.

directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.

note：

①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大，可译为“…才”。(“not … before” 可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小，可译为“…就”)。

it was a long time before i got to sleep again.

they had not been married a month before they quarreled.

②如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或“was/were about to， was/were on the point of”等结构时，when表示突然发生某事，可译为“正在…突然”或“刚…就”等。这时，不能够用as或while来代替when。

i was walking on the street when i ran into my old friend john.

she had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

we were about to leave when it began to rain.

2) 条件状语从句

条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导：if， unless， providing/provided (that)， suppose/supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/so long as， in case等。

so long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations.

i shall return next thursday unless something unexpected happens.

i will go provided that you go with me.

please give this letter to john in case he comes.

3) 让步状语从句

让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。

(1)while引导的让步状语从句多放在句首，while相当于although，表示“尽管”，“虽然”。

while i admit i did it， i didn’t intend to.

while i understand what you say， i can’t agree with you.

(2)短语“even now/then/so”相当于“though it is/was true”，表示“尽管如此”，“尽管这样”。

the fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong.

i’ve tried my best， but even now/then she is not satisfied.

(3) as引导的让步状语从句要倒装。

child as he was， he could speak four languages.

hard as she tried， she failed to get the job.

4) 比较状语从句

比较状语从句主要由以下连词引导：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比较级…， the +比较级…等。

we have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.

she can speak english as fluently as her teacher (can)。

Ⅲ 宾语从句

1) 及物动词后的宾语从句

有些动词的宾语从句前还可有一个间接宾语。

i remember that we have learned this word before.

i don’t understand what you have said.

she asked the teacher how she could learn english well.

2) 介词的宾语从句

it depends on whether you want to do it or not

there is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.

note： 在介词in后面跟that引导的宾语从句中，in that可看成是一个固定的搭配，表示“因为”或“在…方面”。

the evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.

初中英语语法总结(从句) 篇7

That we need more equipment is quite obvious.

It is impossible that I may not able to come.

It doesn’t seem likely that she will be here.

在口语中连词that有时可以省略掉:

It’s good you’re so considerate.

初中英语语法总结(从句) 篇8

专家整理了历年考试中重点涉及的几种从句的用法，今天先向大家介绍定语从句的特点、考点等，以帮忙职称英语考生来重新熟悉并达到熟练运用。

2011年职称英语考试报名在即，考生们也要开始准备复习。在职称英语复习中，各种从句的用法一直是历年考试必考的知识点，也是最让职称考生头痛、很容易丢分的环节，因此有必要进行系统的复习和巩固。

一、考点聚焦

1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语

2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后

Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词

（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。

（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：

①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。

There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词

关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。

关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。

5、确定关系词的步骤

（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。

（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which

（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。

（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。

（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

7、宜用which而不用that的情况

（1）在非限制性定语从句中

（2）在关系词前有介词时

（3）当先行词本身是that时

（4）当关系词离先行词较远时

8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词

（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。

（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。

（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。

9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：

Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?

There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。

Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are such

lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。

区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、关系副词when与where、why、that

when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which

where指地点 = in / at / from / which

why指原因 = for which

当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必须注意的问题

（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。

（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。

①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。

②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。

③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。

It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)

It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）

（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。

②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。

Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)

（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。

①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。

②关系词作表语。

（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。

（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。

（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）

②Is this place the one(that)we visited yesterday?

Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?

③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.二、精典名题导解

选择填空：

1.The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where

解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。

2.___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What

解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解释，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。

3.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when

初中英语语法总结(从句) 篇9

that从句中:

wish, would rather (sooner), had better:

i wish i were as strong as you.

i wish i had paid more attention to our pronunciation.

i wish i remembered the address.

i would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).

i had rather (that) you told him than i did.

suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句:

the commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.

he asked that he be given an opportunity to try.

she urged that he write and accept the post.

it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句中.

it was arranged that they leave the following week

it will be better that we meet some other time.

suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表语从句和同位语从句:

初中英语语法总结(从句) 篇10

1．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江苏，28)A．which

C．whose

答案 C 解析 句意为：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的目的之一就是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，purposes与the World Food Programme存在所属关系，且空处在句中作定语，因此选C项。

2．The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017·北京，31)A．that

C．where

答案 A 解析 句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。as引导定语从句时，多用于the same...as...，such...as...等结构中；where，when引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。

3．My eldest son，________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017·天津，9)A．that

C．his

答案 B 解析 句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用whose。

4．Many young people，most ________ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016·江苏，23)

B．whose D．who B．as D．when B．its D．whom A．of which

C．of whom

答案 C

B．of them D．of those 解析 句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。

5．I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016·北京，22)A．whose

C．where

答案 A 解析 句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。

6．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better.(2016·天津，9)A．that

C．which

答案 D 解析 句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知先行词为next week，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。

7．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.(2016·浙江，11)A．whom

C．what

答案 B 解析 句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词many theories，指物，故应用 which。

8．The number of smokers，________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015·江苏，21)A．it

B．which B．which D．that B．where D．when B．why D．which C．what

答案 D

D．as 解析 句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如„„”，符合句意，故选D项。

9．Opposite is St.Paul’s Church，________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京，24)A．which

C．when

答案 D 解析 句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。先行词是St.Paul’s Church；从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，用where。故选D。

10．Creating an atmosphere _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015·浙江，19)A．as

C．in which

答案 C 解析 句意为：创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，________ employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句，从句中缺少状语，故用where或“介词＋which”引导，根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in，故选C项。11．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.(2015·天津，15)A．where

C．when

答案 A 解析 句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。

12．China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建，34)A．who B．whom C．that D．which 答案 D

B．which D．who B．whose D．at which B．that D．where 解析 句意为：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。

13．It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015·湖南，29)A．as

C．that

答案 D 解析 句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。

14．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.(2015·安徽，28)A．it

C．whose

答案 D 解析 句意为：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语时，其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词upon被提到了定语从句引导词之前，只能用which来引导，故选D。

15．As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.(2015·陕西，15)A．which

C．whom

答案 D 解析 句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。选D。16．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏，22)A．which

C．as

B．when D．where B．where D．when B．that D．which B．where D．which 答案 D 解析 句意为：这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。本题先行词为work，可以理解为抽象的地点；而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以作状语的关系副词where。

17．The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽，22)A．when

C．why

答案 D 解析 先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，所以选D。18．Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014·陕西，13)A．that

C．as

答案 A 解析 先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词有不定代词all修饰，故关系词只能用that。

19．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京，26)A．who

C．when

答案 B 解析 此处the book Sherlock Holmes是先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句。故选B项。

20．A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山东，10)A．which

C．who

答案 B 解析 句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company之间为所属关系，故选择whose。

B．whose D．why B．which D．where B．which D．what B．where D．which

一、高频考点

1．“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定(1)与定语从句中的动词或形容词构成搭配。The man with whom I talked is a professor.和我谈话的那个人是一名教授。

(2)与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。

I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(3)“of which/whom”表示所属关系。

There are forty students in our class，most of whom are from the south.我们班有四十名学生，其中大部分来自南方。(4)“介词短语＋which/whom”引导定语从句。He arrived at a farmhouse，in front of which sat a boy.他来到一所农舍，在农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。(5)通过句意来判断。

He was educated at Beijing University，after which he went abroad to receive further education.他在北京大学接受教育，然后去了国外接受进一步教育。(6)关系副词可以与“介词＋which”互换。The house where/in which he lives needs repairing.他住的那所房子需要修理。

2．as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别

(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句后；as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首、句中或句末均可。

As we all know，the earth goes around the sun.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。

(2)which可作实义动词的主语，as不可。

He didn’t come as expected，which made Mary angry.他没如期前来，这让玛丽很生气。(3)主、从句语意一致，用as，which皆可；语意不一致，只能用which。He married again，which/as was expected.他又结婚了，这是预料到的。

He married again，which was unexpected.他又结婚了，这是没有预料到的。3．定语从句与其他语法项目的区别

(1)与地点状语从句的区别：定语从句前有表示地点的先行词，地点状语从句则没有；定语从句中的where可用“介词＋which”代替，地点状语从句中的where则不能。He put the book where you could find it.(地点状语从句)He put the book in the place where you could find it.(定语从句)(2)与结果状语从句的区别：分析such后的名词在从句中是否作成分，如作成分则是定语从句，用as引导；反之则为结果状语从句，用that引导。He is such a good boy as we all like.(定语从句)He is such a good boy that we all like him.(结果状语从句)

二、易错点梳理

1．关系代词的误用及漏用：注意定语从句的先行词被all，some，any，no，few，every，much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

2．定语从句主谓不一致：在one of...结构中，先行词为of后的复数名词或代词，从句谓语用复数形式；先行词是“the only/very one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语用单数形式。He is one of the students who were awarded.他是受到嘉奖的学生之一。

He is the only one of the students who was awarded.他是唯一一个受到嘉奖的学生。

3．关系词充当替代词：定语从句中不能出现先行词的替代词。He is the person that I am looking for.他就是我要找的那个人。(for后不能跟him)4．“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为point，case，situation，condition，stage，position，scene，spot，activity，family，job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事物的某个方面时，where相当于from which，under which等，表示“从„„中，在„„情况下”等。

We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.我们只是想尽力达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。

1．President Xi’s visit to the UK creates a win-win situation，________ both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.(2017·盐城中学阶段检测，26)A．one where

C．which

答案 A 解析 句意为：习主席到英国的访问创造了一个中国和英国在经济和社交发展上双赢的局面。空后是一个完整的句子，不缺宾语或者主语，由此可以先排除C项。其他三个答案都有one，one后是定语从句，而one在从句中作的是地点状语，不能省略引导词，由此可以排除B项。one在这里是situation的同位语，意思是“一个„„的局面”并不是特指，所以不需要冠词，由此可以排除D项。故选A项。

2．The bullet train has quickened the rate ________ we travel from one place to another.(2017·丹阳高级中学期中，22)A．at which

C．to which

答案 A 解析 句意为：高速列车加速了我们从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行速度。把at which中的关系代词换上先行词放到从句中，则从句变为：We travel from one place to another at the rate.句意完整，然后用关系代词代替先行词，再把介词和关系代词放到从句句首引导定语从句就成了原题，故正确答案是A。

3．The increased responsibilities ________ her best qualities ________ were beyond most people.(2017·扬州中学期中，30)A．brought about；which B．brought out；that C．brought in；which

B．with which D．for which B．one

D．the one in which D．brought up；that 答案 B 解析 句意为：责任感的增加体现出她的优秀品质，这是大多数人不具有的。bring out使显现，符合句意。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，用that引导定语从句，故答案为B。4．It is said that a most popular emoji(expression of emotion on the Internet)is the “face with the rolling eyes”，________ is used in 14 percent of text messages.(2017·扬州中学期中，22)A．that

C．whose

答案 D 解析 句意为：据说，“翻白眼”成了网络上非常流行的表情符号，14%的短信用到它。空处是一个非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填which。that不引导非限制性定语从句，what不引导定语从句，whose在从句中往往作定语，均不符合该题。故答案为D。

5．________ our senses are quite great and can generally meet our needs to go through the day，they are not all the things ________ they could be.(2017·华罗庚中学调研，24)A．As；that

C．Though；which

答案 D 解析 句意为：尽管我们的感官很了不起，并能大体上满足我们过完一天的需求，但是这些可能并不是它们的全部。根据句意可知，前后内容存在转折关系，故第一空用although，though或while引导让步状语从句；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是things，且前面有all修饰，关系词在定语从句中作表语，应用that引导，故选D项。

6．Titled Pain，the book contains 51 poems，________ written in the past three years，Zhao told China Daily in Beijing.(2017·溧水高级中学二模，26)A．most of which

C．most of what

答案 B 解析 句意为：赵在北京向《中国日报》表示，《痛苦》这本书包含了51首诗，它们中大部分是在过去三年中写成的。________ written in the past three years中没有谓语动词，故不是从句，不需要连词。实际上此处是一个独立主格结构，most of them为逻辑主语，written in the past three years为逻辑谓语，故选B。

B．most of them D．most of it B．Although；what D．While；that B．what D．which 7．As a student of Senior Three，he has very little free time ________ he can spend developing his own interest.(2017·南京九中学情调研，23)A．when

C．at which

答案 D 解析 句意为：作为一名高三学生，他几乎没有空闲时间可以发展自己的兴趣。此处先行词time被little修饰，所以用关系代词that作及物动词spend的宾语。

8．Yang Jiang’s Reaching the Brink of Life，the title of ________ refers to her late husband’s collection of essays，was published at the age of 97.(2017·南京学情调研，32)A．that

C．whose

答案 B 解析 句意为：杨绛的《走到人生边上》在她97岁时出版，该书的标题指的是她已故丈夫的散文集。分析句子成分可知，本题为定语从句。先行词为Reaching the Brink of Life，在从句中作of的宾语，先行词指物，因此用which，结合句意可知which符合题意。

9．The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book，________ both of them fail to express.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，29)A．where

C．who

答案 D 解析 句意为：这本书中揭露了这两个年轻人都未能表达其内心的想法。分析句子成分可知，本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the inner thoughts，从句中express的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知which符合题意。

10．The international situation is currently undergoing great changes ________ UNESCO plays an irreplaceable role in promoting international cooperation.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试，34)A．that

C．which

答案 D 解析 句意为：国际形势正在经历着巨大的变化，其中联合国教科文组织在促进国际合作中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。这句话使用了定语从句，先行词是the international situation，定

B．what D．where B．when D．which B．which D．what B．in which D．that 语从句中不缺少主、宾、表，缺少的是地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。故选D。11．In my opinion，one’s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent ________ one’s self-value and social value are realized.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，26)A．of which

C．on which

答案 D 解析 句意为：我认为一个人的收入不能完全体现其自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。to the extent是固定搭配，意为“达到这种程度”。which引导定语从句，指代extent，并作介词to的宾语，故答案为D。

12．We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless，a world ________ each and every corner is a true paradise.(2017·南京、盐城二模，29)A．that

C．of which

答案 C 解析 句意为：我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望的世界，一个每个角落都是真正的乐园的世界。先行词为world，代入定语从句后为every corner of the world is a true paradise，故选C项。

13．According to the report，the government will hold a meeting ________ people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy.(2017·如皋调研，21)A．which

C．when

答案 B 解析 句意为：据报道，政府将举行一个会议，在会议上，人们可以表达他们对当今全球经济的看法。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a meeting，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。

14．Teachers in primary schools ________ influence the kids fall under should be role models.(2017·苏北六市联考，27)A．whose

C．where

答案 A

B．who D．which B．where D．whose B．which D．from where B．with which D．to which 解析 句意为：小学老师们应该成为榜样，孩子们会受到他们的影响。根据句子结构可知，teachers是定语从句的先行词，孩子是受到老师的影响，即the kids fall under the teachers’ influence，应用whose引导定语从句，作influence的定语，故选A项。

15．Scientists think calculating is a necessary skill ________ they base their researches.(2017·苏北四市调研，28)A．on it

C．on which

答案 C 解析 句意为：科学家认为计算是必要的技能，他们的研究以此为基础。本题考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，定语从句的先行词为skill，on it不能引导定语从句，介词后不能用that，排除A、B两项；把先行词代入定语从句后为they base their researches on the skill，由此可知选C项。

16．Last fall，I went to the US as an exchange student.I’ll never forget my homestay there ________ I became a real DIY enthusiast.(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研，21)A．where

C．that

答案 B 解析 句意为：去年秋天我去美国做交换生，我不会忘记我在当地居民家居住的时期，当时我成了一个真正的DIY爱好者。这是一个定语从句，先行词为homestay(在当地居民家居住的时期)，表示时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故选B。

17．Many university graduates wish to be offered a job ________ they can find an opportunity to experience the excitement of it.(2016·镇江一模，25)A．which

C．where

答案 C 解析 句意为：很多大学毕业生希望能被提供一份工作，在这份工作中他们能找到机会去体验工作中令人兴奋的事情。a job为先行词，从句中缺少抽象地点状语in the job，故用关系副词where。

18．There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.A．as B．that C．when D．where

B．why D．what

B．when D．which B．on that D．on whose 答案 A 解析 本句是as引导的非限制性定语从句，代指前面整个句子，在从句中作主语。as is often the case事实往往如此。

19．It wasn’t easy having my friends talk about their freshman years ________ I wasn’t a part of.(2016·南京、盐城二模，31)A．whom

C．that

答案 C 解析 句意为：让我们的朋友讲述大学一年级时候的事情，而在那时候我又没有在其中，这样做是很难的。定语从句中缺少宾语，而先行词是years，故用关系代词that。

20．As a dark horse，China’s football team was through to the quarterfinals ________ it lost to the host country Australia.A．as

C．that

答案 D 解析 句意为：中国足球队作为一匹黑马一举进入四分之一决赛，在四分之一决赛中，输给了东道主澳大利亚队。quarterfinals为定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导。故选D项。