高一英语阅读理解记叙文专项练习题及答案(精选9篇)
Their destructive powers are well documented. According to one report, squirrels destroyed tens of thousands of fallen acorns from an oak stand on the University of Indiana campus. A professor there estimated that each of the large white oaks had produced between two and eight thousand acorns, but within weeks of seed maturity, hardly an intact acorn could be found among the fallen leaves.
Deer, turkey, wild pigs, and bears also feed heavily on acorns, but do not store them, and are therefore of no benefit to the trees. Flying squirrels, chipmunks, and mice are also unlikely to promote tree dispersal, as they often store seeds in tree cavities and underground burrows. Only squirrels ― whose behavior of caching (hiding) acorns below the leaf litter ― often promote successful germination of acorns, and perhaps blue jays, important long-distance dispersers, seem to help oaks spread and reproduce.
Among squirrels, though, there is a particularly puzzling behavior pattern. Squirrels pry off the caps of acorns, bite through the shells to get at the nutritious inner kernels, and then discard them half-eaten. The ground under towering oaks is often littered with thousands of half-eaten acorns, each one only bitten from the top. Why would any animal waste so much time and energy and risk exposure to such predators as red-tail hawks only to leave a large part of each acorn uneaten? While research is not conclusive at this point, one thing that is certain is that squirrels do hide some of the uneaten portions, and these acorn halves, many of which contain the seeds, may later germinate.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The ecology of oak trees
(B) Factors that determine the feeding habits of Squirrels
(C) Various species of animals that promote the dispersal of tree seeds
(D) The relationship between squirrels and oak trees
2. The word “they” in line 7 refers to
(A) oak forests
(B) acorns
(C) squirrels
(D) predators
3. According to the passage , what do squirrels do when large quantities of acorns are available?
(A) They do not store acorns.
(B) They eat more than 74 percent of available acorns.
(C) They do not retrieve all the acorns that they have stored.
(D) They hide acorns in tree cavities.
4. The word “estimated评价,估计,估价,判断” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) commented
(B) judged
(C) observed
(D) discovered
5. Why does the author mention “the University of Indiana campus” in line 10 -11?
(A) to provide evidence that intact acorns are hard to find under oak trees
(B) to indicate a place where squirrels can aid seed dispersal of oaks
(C) to argue in favor of additional studies concerning the destructive force of squirrels
(D) to support the claim that squirrels can do great damage to oak stands
6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that chipmunks do not aid in the dispersal of oak trees because
(A) they store their acorns where they cannot germinate
(B) they consume most of their stored acorns
(C) their stored acorns are located and consumed by other species
(D) they cannot travel the long distance required for dispersal
7. According to the passage , which of the following do squirrels and blue jays have in common?
(A) They travel long distances to obtain acorns.
(B) They promote the reproduction of oak trees.
(C) They bury acorns under fallen leaves.
(D) They store large quantities of acorns.
8. The phrase “pry 撬off” in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) swallow 吞
(B) remove
(C) squeeze
(D) locate
9. The word “littered” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) covered
(B) displayed
(C) fertilized
(D) planted
10. According to the passage , scientists cannot explain which of the following aspects of squirrel behavior?
(A) Where squirrels store their acorn caches
(B) Why squirrels prefer acorns over other seeds
(C) Why squirrels eat only a portion of each acorn they retrieve
(D) Why squirrels prefer acorns from a particular species of oak trees
班级: 姓名: 得分:
一、课内阅读,完成练习(10分)
一座座雪峰插入云霄,峰顶银光闪闪。大大小小的湖泊(pō bó),像颗颗宝石镶嵌在彩带般的沟谷中。湖水清澈见底,湖底石块色彩斑斓(lán nán)。从河谷至山坡,遍布着原始森林。每当天气晴朗时,蓝天、白云、雪峰、森林,都倒映在湖水中,构成了一幅幅五彩缤纷的画面,难怪人们把这些湖泊叫做‚五花海‛、‚五彩池‛呢。由于河谷高低不平,湖泊与湖泊之间恰似(shì sì)一级级天然的台阶。由此形成的一道道高低错落的瀑布,宛如白练腾(téng tén)空,银花四溅,蔚为壮观。
1.画去括号中不正确的读音。(2分)
2.文中画线的句子是个
句,分别把 和 比作 和。(5分)
3.人们为什么称那些湖泊为“五花海” “五彩池”呢?(3分)
___________________________________________________________________________
二、阅读短文,回答问题(31分)
1.抗日战争时期,有一次,医疗队经过冀中的杨家庄,白求恩看见有个孩子的下颏上,长个大瘤子,他走过去摸摸按按,然后抱起孩子向村里走去。
这个孩子是贫农张大嫂5岁的儿子,叫猛子。张大嫂听说白求恩要给猛子割瘤子,心想:‚俺就这么一个孩子,万一有个一差二错,可怎么办呢?‛白求恩耐心地向猛子妈解释:‚这瘤子不割掉是很危险的。‛猛子妈这才放心了。
白求恩顺利地给猛子做完了手术,抱着猛子亲了又亲,又把猛子送回了家。以后每隔两天,他就给猛子换一次药。医疗队转移时,白求恩又特意到猛子家,教猛子妈消毒和换药的方法,还留下一些药品。
后来,白求恩经过杨家庄时,又去看望猛子。猛子已经完全好了。猛子妈感动得热泪盈眶,不住嘴地说:‚谢谢您!谢谢您!‛白求恩却说:‚不要感谢我,我是八路军的医生。你应该感谢八路军才对!‛
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(1)给短文分段,在段首画△,写出段意。(3+6分)
(2)白求恩为什么给孩子割掉瘤子?(2分)
(3)为短文加上题目(2分)(4)续写:猛子妈在听了白求恩的话之后会说些什么?(3分)
更多免费资源下载绿色圃中小学教育网http:// 2.____________________ 鲜花朵朵,争妍斗艳,芬芳喜人。要是我们留心观察,各种花儿是什么时候开放的,就会发现,一天之内,不同的花开花的时间并不相同。凌晨三点钟左右,蛇床花开放了;接着,在4点钟,牵牛花开始吹起了浅紫色的小喇叭。
这是各种花儿的祖先在大自然中长期适应生活环境,生存繁殖逐步形成的结果。植物在什么时候开花,往往与外界的温度、湿度、光照有密切的关系。例如珍贵的昙花,它的花瓣又大又娇嫩。白天阳光太强,气温高,空气干燥,要是在这时开花,就有被灼伤的危险。在深夜,往往气温过低,对它的开花也不适宜。长期以来,它适应了晚上九点钟的气温和湿度,到了那时便欣欣然徐徐张开了浅雅的苞蕾,向人们展示美丽的笑脸……
另外,开花的时间与花的传粉方式有关。例如牵牛花是虫媒花,需要昆虫传播花粉才能结出种子。正好清晨三、四点钟是蜜蜂采蜜的时候,那时温度、湿度也适宜,它开花了。
要是你把各种不同时间开放花朵的花儿排列在一起,只消看一看什么花开了,就大致知道是几点钟,那才有趣哩!
(1)解释(4分)争妍斗艳—— 欣欣然——
(2)按先找出重点段,再分段的方法,给短文分段,在段首画△,并写出段意。(3+6分)
(3)给短文加上题目。(2分)
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三、阅读短文,完成练习(59分)
‚给‛永远比‚拿‛愉快
高尔基在意大利(休养 休息)时,他的儿子跟着妈妈来(盼望 看望)爸爸。儿子在爸爸住的院子里(裁 载 栽)了好些花籽,不久,就回国去了。
后来,鲜花盛开了。高尔基看着(zháo zhuó zhe)窗前怒(lù nù)放的鲜花,心里很高兴,就给儿子写了一封信。信是这样写的:
要是你不管在什么地方 什么时候 留给人们的都是美好的东西 像鲜花啦 好的思想啦 还有对你的非常好的回忆啦 那么 你的生活该是多么愉快啊
‚那时侯,你会感到所有的人都(需 须)要你。要知道,‘给’永远比‘拿’愉快!‛是啊,‚给‛永远比‚拿‛愉快!
1.根据上下文,在括号里划去不正确的音、字、词。(6分)2.短文中“怒放”这个词的近义词是。(2分)3.在第3节的空处里加上标点符号。(4分)
4.“‘给’永远比‘拿’愉快!”这句话中“给”的意思是 ; “拿”的意思是。这句话的意思是:
。(5分)
美丽的晚霞 红红的太阳落山了,它收起余(辉 晖),只剩下一个柔和、鲜艳的火球,颜色金黄透亮,就是技艺再高的画家也难以描绘。太阳的身影消失了,只剩下一片神奇的、美丽的云,令人想到仙境,想到梦幻的世界。3 我出神地望着,眼睛朦胧起来了,天空仿佛出现了一条龙。金色的龙。它上游下(窜 串),吞云吐雾,喷吐出鲜艳美丽的水花,随着云彩移动,飞龙仿佛进入一片原始森林,看不见了。森林里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树上,飞起一只洁白如玉,顶冠赤色的仙鹤。鹤背上,坐着一个头顶光亮,胡子洁白的老头儿,拄着拐杖,这不是动画片《哪叱闹海》的师傅──太乙真人吗?那么哪叱呢,他在哪里?哦,看到了,这不!一个坚实强健、系着红兜兜的小男孩,正张开双手,向他师傅飘去。我从幻境中看到了一个又一个好看的故事,一幅又一幅如画的美景。6 当我回到现实中来时,晚霞已经消失。
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1.为短文中两处词语选择正确的字,打上√。(2分)
2.写出下列词语的反义词。(4分)
朦胧──
梦幻──
3.用“──”划出表示时间的变化的句子后给短文分段,并写出段意。(3+6分)
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4.“我”在梦幻里看到了哪些东西?(3分)
____________________________________________________
5.判断下列句子是否正确,在正确的句子后面打“√”。(3分)
(1)文中的“出神”,表示看傻了的意思。()
(2)“飞龙仿佛进入一片原始森林。”中的“仿佛”一词改为“好像”句意不变。()
(3)神奇”就是“神秘”的意思。()
三个和尚
‚三个和尚‛的故事在我国流传得很广很广。
一个活泼伶俐的小和尚来到山上一座庙宇,他勤快地挑水,不但自己喝个够,还往菩萨手中的瓶里灌水,瓶里枯萎的柳枝又活了。
不久来了一个瘦和尚,他与小和尚两人为喝水和挑水发生了争执,谁也不愿意吃亏。后来又来了一个胖和尚,三个和尚都要喝水,但都不愿意多挑水,没过两天,水缸露了底,菩萨手中瓶里的水也没有了,柳枝又枯萎了。
一天夜里,三个和尚都在打盹,一支正在燃烧的蜡烛被一只老鼠几口咬断了。半截蜡烛掉在香案上,庙宇起火了。危急之中,三个和尚一齐争先恐后挑水救火。小和尚的眼被熏出了眼泪,瘦和尚的手被火烧伤了,胖和尚的衣服烧成了几条片片。可是谁也不吭一声。
大火过后,三个和尚似乎都明白了些什么。从此,水缸里的水又满了,三个和尚高高兴兴地捧着大碗圣水解渴,菩萨手中瓶里的柳枝也发芽了。
1.起初,三个和尚的表现说明他们当时 _____________(2分)
2.大火中,三个和尚的表现说明他们当时____________(2分)
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3.大火后,三个和尚明白了_____________________(2分)
4.用“∥”给短文分段并概括段落大意。(3+6分)
5.用横线划出三个和尚奋力救火的句子。(2分)
6.联系上下文解释下列词语。(4分)
(1)争先恐后──
(2)争执──
参考答案
一、课内阅读,完成练习。
1.划去bó,nán,shì,tén 2.比喻;湖泊,沟谷;宝石,彩带
3.湖水清澈见底,湖底石块色彩斑斓,构成了一幅幅五彩缤纷的画面
二、阅读短文,回答问题。
1.(1)短文分三段
第一段:第一自然段。抗日时期,医疗队经过杨家庄。白求恩看见有个孩子下颏上长个大瘤子,抱起孩子走进村。
第二段:第二、三自然段。白求恩说服孩子的妈妈,给孩子做了手术,在医疗队转移时还留下一些药品。
第三段:第四自然段。后来白求恩又去看望孩子,孩子好了,孩子的妈妈感谢白求恩。白求恩说不要谢我,应感谢八路军。
(2)因为这瘤子不割掉是危险的,所以白求恩要给孩子割掉瘤子。(3)发散题。符合短文内容即可。
(4)发散题,可以写猛子妈感谢党和八路军,鼓励孩子长大踊跃参军,保家卫国等。2.(1)形容花儿盛开,竞相斗美。欢欢喜喜的样子.,形容心情好(2)第2~3自然段是重点段。
第一段:第1自然段,一天之内,不同的花开花时间并不相同。
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第二段:第2-3自然段,这是花的祖先长期适应生活环境的结果,也与花的传粉方式有关。
第三段:第4自然段,把不同时间开放的花朵排列在一起,花开了,就知道是几点钟。
(3)有趣的“花钟”
三、阅读短文,完成练习。
“给”永远比“拿”愉快
1.根据上下文,在括号里划去不正确的音、字、词。(保留:休养、看望、栽、zhe、nù、需)2.短文中“怒放”这个词的近义词是 绽放。3.在第3节的 里加上标点符号。(“,,,„„,!”)
4.“给’永远比‘拿’愉快!”这句话中“给”的意思是 给予、奉献 ;“拿”的意思是 索求。这句话的意思是: 要以奉献为乐,不要只想着自己的个人利益;要为大众谋幸福,为社会作贡献。
美丽的晚霞
1.(1)清楚。(2)现实。
2.“红红的太阳落山了,它收起了余晖。”“太阳的身影消失了,只剩下一片神奇的、美丽的云。”“晚霞已经消失了。”
第一段:第一节,第二段:第二节到第五节,第三段:第六节;
段意:(1)太阳落山后,剩下一个柔和、鲜艳的火球。
(2)太阳的身影消失后,“我”望着云彩,产生了幻觉。
(3)当“我”回到了现实时,晚霞也已消失。
3.“我”在梦幻中看到了:吞云吐雾的龙;森林中一只洁白如玉、顶冠赤色的仙鹤;哪吒的师傅;系着红兜兜的哪吒。
4.(1)×。(2)√。(3)×。三个和尚
1.不团结,不愿意为别人付出劳动,怕吃亏。
2.一心想扑灭大火,没有想到自己的得失。
3.只有团结友爱,多为别人着想,才能把事情做好。
4.第一段:第1节,流传“三个和尚”的故事。
第二段:第2─4节,争执的起因和转变。
第三段:第5节,三个和尚的醒悟。
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6.(1)抢在前面,生怕落后
(2)争论中各持已见,不肯相让。
①父亲感觉到胸口疼痛难忍,到医院检查时,已是肝癌晚期。医生告诉我们,癌细胞已经大面积扩散,只能保守治疗。
②一段时间的化疗之后,效果并不理想。父亲好像心中有数,坚持要出院。我们只好答应,希望家庭的温暖能减轻他的病痛。回到家后,父亲开始做离世前的一些准备。
③他先把朋友的电话号码工工整整地抄写了一遍,再把日常生活中常用到的那些号码,如送水电话、电路维修电话等,用大号字写了下来。父亲怕母亲在他离去之后不能很快地找到这些电话,母亲没有念过几天书,有些字父亲怕母亲不认识,还特意注了读音。
④父亲又把缴费的银行卡、煤气卡、水卡、医疗卡等,整整齐齐地放在一个专用的抽屉里,把使用的规则和各自的密码详细地告诉母亲。
⑤有一天,父亲把别人欠他钱的欠条也交给了母亲,其中数额最大的一张为五千元,父亲说不要着急要,等对方宽裕了,一定会还的。还有一张两千元的,父亲说,这个能要回来就要,要不回来就算了,他家的日子很艰难。父亲给母亲交代事情的细节我都看在眼里,我心里五味杂陈。
⑥出院后半个月,父亲的身体状况越来越糟,止痛的药片从一天吃一次增加到一天三次。止痛药吃过后,由于药物的刺激,父亲喝点水就呕吐,呼吸困难,咳嗽不止。我们眼睁睁地目睹病痛对父亲的折磨,却又束手无策。癌细胞就像一些看不见的小蚂蚁,在他的身上无情地吞噬。
⑦稍缓解一点时,父亲会斜躺着望着窗户发呆,我不知道父亲在想什么。他遥望的会不会是故乡?他是不是想他的母亲了?老家的祖母已九十高龄,父亲患病的消息,他要我们瞒着祖母,我们也只好顺着父亲。
⑨几天后的`一个晚上,父亲静静地走了。他甚至没有叫醒我们,选择了无言离去。想来,父亲是为了不让我们太悲痛吧。父亲生前常说的一句话是:“人死如灯灭,活着有活样。”现在咀嚼起来,我更懂得了什么是责任。是的,人活着就要有活样,有责任,有担当,有亲情,有气度。父亲是这样说的,也是这样做的,他虽只是一介平民,却也坦荡地走完了他的一生。
1.文章第①段和第②段能否删去?为什么?
2.阅读文章③-⑤段,用简洁的语言概括父亲回家后,做了哪些离世前的准备?
3.文章第⑥段的画线语句有什么表达效果?
4.文章第⑦段写“父亲会斜躺着望着窗户发呆”,第⑧段写“父亲在用手轻轻地抚摸我的头”,作者写这些细节的用意是什么?
5.文章中哪句话是对“活着有活样”内涵的最好诠释?
参考答案:
1.不能删去。因为这是故事发生的背景:点明父亲出院回家的原因和做离世准备的原因。
2.①抄写电话号码,并特意注了读音;②把缴费卡和生活用卡整理好,放在一个专用抽屉里,并把使用规则和密码告诉母亲;③将欠条交给母亲,并交代相关事项。
3.作者运用比喻的修辞手法,生动形象地写出了癌细胞对父亲的摧残和折磨。
4.第⑦段的细节描写写出了父亲对故乡和对自己母亲的思念和牵挂;第⑧段的细节描写,写出了对儿子的不舍和留恋。(若答两处都写出了对亲人的不舍和留恋也可)
高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案(1)
In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is.That is what ‘keeping up with the Joneses’ is about, It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand.He told this story about himself.He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23.That was a lot of money in those days.He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City.When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day.When he saw that rich people had servants.Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life.They moved back to an apartment(公寓房间)in New York City.Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich life--style of their neighbours.He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series(系列)of short stories, He called it ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ because ‘Jones’ is a very common name in the United States.’ Keeping up with the Joneses’ came to mean keeping up with rich
学校网址: http://tygdedu.keaedu.com/
C.an area near the place referred to D.an area in another town or city
4.Arthur Momand used the name ‘Jones’ in his series of short stories because’ Jones’ is ________.A.an important name B.a popular name in the United States
C.his neighbour’s name D.not a good name
5.According to the writer, it is to keep up with the Joneses.A.correct B.interesting C.impossible D.good
答案:
1B 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 C
一、怪人
1、选DB。(答D给3分,答B给2分,答E给1分,答A、C不给分)本题考查筛选并整合文中信息的能力。解答本题要注意分析人物形象,把握作者情感。A项,属于强加因果,小牛神色愤怒,眼冒火光,无法忍受,不是因为即将被拖出去烙印,而是因为被囚禁在用横木和立柱建造的畜栏里。C项,“歧视”一说原文无据,原文只说“几分敬畏”;至于“强盗经历”,那只是人们的猜想。E项,舍己救人只是一个方面,这一英雄壮举和主人公身上那种加乌乔式的强悍而狂放的性格共同展示了人物的人性之美。(提示:应注意作品下面的注解)2.【解析】本题考查欣赏作品人物形象的能力。把握人物形象,要从人物外貌、语言、举动、他人的反应以及作品主旨等几个方面来分析总结。解答本题,概括主人公在相貌、性格方面的与众不同之处比较容易,文中有一些明确的概括性的语句,品行方面就容易被忽视。
答案:①形象上,他高大粗壮,有点驼背,发乱面丑,脑袋、鼻子硕大,目光凶狠,嗓音嘶哑;②性情上,他暴躁,冷淡,粗鲁,不太合群;③品行上,危急关头,别人四处奔逃,他挺身而出,舍己救人。(每答出一点给2分。意思答对即可)3.【解析】本题考查分析作品写作手法的能力。情节的详与略、露与藏,都是出于塑造人物、凸显主旨的需要。解答本题一要瞻前顾后,看看前后情节,二要考虑表现手法,三要注意情节的气氛与节奏。
答案:①前文已对如何“烙牛”作了详尽细致的描写,此处不必重复;②塑造马乌罗形象的重心是后文“救童”一段,其“烙牛”仅是铺垫,应该略写;③可腾出笔墨来写平日的马乌罗,与前后文的紧张叙述形成对比,舒缓了节奏,使行文张弛有致。(每答出一点给2分。意思答对即可)4.小说主要由加乌乔“烙牛”和马乌罗“救童”两个片段构成。你认为哪个片段更精彩?请谈谈你的观点,并从内容和形式两方面陈述理由。
【解析】本题考查对小说文本探究的能力。这是一道开放性试题。探究的要求是“从不同的角度和层面发掘作品的意蕴、民族心理和人文精神”,“探讨作者的创作背景和创作意图”,“对作品进行个性化阅读和有创意的解读”。做开放性试题不能超出文本这一基础,否则极易乱下判断,乱作分析,犯误解文意的方向性错误。探究时要紧扣问题要求,在文本中寻找依据;作者的意图和艺术表现的效果应得到尊重。解答本题要注意题干要求,内容方面可在把握作品主题和地域文化特色的基础上进行分析,形式方面要重点分析作品的描写手法和表现手法。
答案:观点一:加乌乔“烙牛”的片段更精彩。
①展示了加乌乔们的生活风情,凸显了其强悍、乐天的性格,强化了作品的地域文化内涵;②构成了理解主人公马乌罗的性情和英雄壮举的氛围和基础;③艺术表现上,运用细节描写、烘托手法等,逼真呈现了烙牛过程,感染力极强。观点二:马乌罗“救童”的片段更精彩。
①展示了马乌罗勇于牺牲的英雄壮举,完成了主人公的形象塑造;②作为小说的点睛之笔,表达了作品讴歌人性之美的主题;③艺术表现上,运用细节描写、对比手法等,一步步推向高潮后戛然而止,有震撼人心的力量。观点三:两个片段同样精彩。
①都是小说的华彩段落,前者是铺垫,后者是高潮,共同完成了主人公的塑造;②二者相辅相成,通过“烙牛”的加乌乔们和“救童”的马乌罗形象的相互衬托,丰富并深化了主题;
③艺术表现上,运用细节描写、对比和烘托等多种手法,精细传神,画面感极强,一头一尾,交相辉映。(不要求面面俱到,只要能就以上任何一种观点或其他观点进行探究,即可根据观点是否明确、论述是否合理、理由是否充分酌情给分。观点明确,给2分;论述合理、理由充分,给6分。)
二、上班的诀窍
1.【解析】选BA。(选B给3分,选A给2分,选E给1分)A项是小说内容的基本概括,但未点明主旨,答此项给2分;B项分析准确而深刻,答此项给3分;E项诺伊鲍尔的感谢更多是因为哈姆森让他了解了各种“诀窍”,答此项给1分。C项对原文主旨理解错误;D项“上下同心”“互相信任”“气氛和谐”的理解错误,答这两项不得分。
2.答案:①引领下文故事情节的发展;②和下文哈姆森的言行构成鲜明对照,为解读哈姆森的形象提供了一个角度(或刻画了哈姆森性格中的一个方面);③暗示了诺伊鲍尔特殊的身份,为故事发展提供了丰富多样的可能。
【特别提醒】对“作用分析题”的回答,考生往往会失于宽泛,不能很好地和文本结合起来,此问要和下文的情节联系起来作答,否则,文空意远,难以得分。
3.答案:①散漫懒惰,敷衍塞责,耍滑头,只是混日子;②言行不一,表面上诚惶诚恐,热情认真,实际上欺瞒上司,误导同事,败坏了工作风气。【方法技巧】
分析鉴赏人物形象可从以下几个角度入手:
(1)从分析人物描写的方法及作用入手,赏析人物形象。如人物做了哪些事,说了哪些话,有什么表情,有什么心理活动,有什么不一般的细节,穿着外貌有什么特点。
(2)从分析人物活动的环境入手,探究人物命运与思想性格形成的原因。
(3)从分析情节入手把握人物的性格特征。人物的性格形成与命运紧紧相连,而命运往往在情节中展示出来。
(4)从人物间的关系入手,分析人物性格。待人接物是展示人物性格的方式。
(5)从分析小说的主题入手,揣摩作者的评价,把握人物形象。小说的最终目的是反映社会生活,所以也可以逆向推知人物形象。
4.答案:观点一:以“偷懒的诀窍”为题不合适。①小说讲究故事含意的丰富性,用“偷懒的诀窍”为题指向明确、单一,削弱了小说多义性的艺术魅力;②原题目有反讽意味,改为“偷懒的诀窍”后,这种暗讽就不存在了。
观点二:以“偷懒的诀窍”为题合适。①小说叙述的是主人公哈姆森工作中如何偷懒耍滑的故事,以“偷懒的诀窍”为题正可以准确概括小说的主要内容;②“偷懒”是小说主人公最突出的形象特征,以“偷懒的诀窍”为题正可以揭示主人公的本质,使主人公的形象更鲜明;③以“偷懒的诀窍”为题,更突出地揭示了小说的主旨,点明了作者的写作意图。
三、仰
望
1.【解析】选AE。(选A给3分,选E给2分,选D给1分)B项,原因分析不对,他不快乐来自于人们对他微笑实际上是看重他的钱而不是对他的尊重;C项,满足主要是他从别人对他的施舍的感激中,虚荣心得到满足;D项,除了表现他自私胆怯外,还有无奈、恐惧、求生的欲望等。E项,“人和狗都有同样的期待”说法不恰当。2.答案:①富有同情心(收留同样是不被牵挂的小狗,救济其他乞丐,一直不忘给小狗喂食);②对生活充满着渴望(每天购买彩票,希望过上有尊严的生活);③有虚荣心(因小狗卑贱的出身丢弃小狗,广散钱财看到人们的感激涕零产生的满足)。
【误区警示】本题答案不止一点。但很多同学缺乏分点作答的意识,只是笼统地分析人物形象,导致丢分较多。
3.答案:小说中的“小狗”和乞丐的生活、遭遇、情感联系紧密,它推动了情节的发展,使得情节安排自然合理、起伏巧妙,人物的命运和小说的主题也得到了一个真实而深刻的展
现:①乞丐收留小狗,逐渐有了好运,这是情节的开端;②富裕起来的乞丐嫌弃小狗,把它关到井里,但并未找到真正的快乐,这是情节的发展;③找回小狗的乞丐也找回了新的生活和新的快乐,使情节发生了转机;④疯狂的人们抢劫乞丐家,乞丐没有来得及把小狗带上,就摔到了井底,使情节发展到高潮合理自然;⑤当乞丐陷入绝境时,忠诚的小狗用自己的生命挽救了他,使情节结尾巧妙合理。
4.答案:观点一:使主题思想更突出、深刻。①“仰望”是指小狗在危险中对主人投食的期盼,乞丐在绝境中求生的渴望,表现了作者对关爱、忠诚、报恩等美好感情和美好的社会生活的期盼;②“仰望”的小狗死了,“仰望”的乞丐也消失了,反映了社会弱势群体生存的艰辛,体现作者对这一社会现象的思考;③揭露了社会现实的冷酷无情,讽刺人们对钱财与荣耀的追逐,反映金钱给人们带来的心理扭曲。
观点二:使人物形象更加鲜明、突出。①通过写小狗在枯井中仰望着期盼主人投食,乞丐也一直不忘给小狗喂食更好地表现了他是一个有同情心的人;②通过写乞丐在绝境中仰望求生的期盼,表现乞丐对生存的渴望和对美好生活的渴望,揭示人物的命运;③结尾写乞丐眼睛直盯盯地仰望着天空,表现了他面对现实生活和命运的无奈无助,充分体现小说的讽刺特色。
观点三:使情节结构更合理、完整。①围绕“仰望”所写的人和狗的故事是情节发展的主体,使结构主干突出,不蔓不枝;②以人的仰望呼应狗的仰望,使结构层次分明,情节平中见奇;③以仰望作为结尾,情节完整,富有戏剧性,留给读者想象空间,深化了主题。
四、骑自行车去拉萨
1.【解析】选CE。(答C给3分,答E给2分,答A给1分)A项,“广泛存在”这一观点有失偏颇;B项,强加因果;D项,“已经在拉萨获得野性,回归了本原”不合文意。
2.解析】本题考查鉴赏作品人物形象的能力。这些人在文中都是次要人物,其作用都是衬托主要人物。
答案:用次要人物衬托主人公。驴友作为支持者,记者作为接续者,读者作为关注者,儿子作为赞赏者,从不同方面突出主人公“骑自行车去拉萨”的主张和行为所具有的代表性,从而深化小说主题,表现出我们这个民族有越来越多的人内心充满挑战的渴望。
3.【解析】本题考查鉴赏作品人物形象的能力。先在文中找出描写罗西的句子,然后加以概括。
答案:①具有冒险和探索的精神;②具有挑战精神;③具有倔强的性格;④具有坚强的品质。4.答案:略。(答题要点:先表明观点,再结合文本内容分析,最后联系现实分析。不管持哪一种观点,都要话题集中,言之成理。)
五、特别的礼物
1.【解析】选AE。(答对一项得3分,全答对得5分)A项,“他妻子捐献给他的”,“捐献”的说法不妥。E项,这些人物如果不写,对情节没有什么影响,但对小说的主题会有一定的影响。这些次要人物的作用主要有三点:①增强情节的真实感;②丰富人物形象,使人物形象更饱满;③从侧面表现阿尔琼和玛洛比一家生活的幸福,反衬出玛洛比出车祸去世给阿尔琼造成的悲痛。
2.【解析】作用类题一般就是从内容和结构两方面作答。内容上表现玛洛比对丈夫的关爱,这一点很容易看出,结构上的作用要联系下文内容作答。
答案:①从内容来看,这句话表现了玛洛比对丈夫无微不至的关心和夫妻二人相濡以沫的爱;②从结构来看,这句话为后文写阿尔琼有心脏病、需要做心脏移植手术这一情节作了铺垫。3.【解析】这句话有多重内涵,既表达了当初阿尔琼希望得到玛洛比真心的爱的心理,又体现了如今的巧合。结合文本内容分析。【答案】:①这是阿尔琼向玛洛比求爱时说的,在当时表达了阿尔琼希望得到玛洛比真心的爱的心理。②如今,玛洛比的心脏已经移植进了阿尔琼的胸腔,“真正”得到了她的“心”,但她人已离去,令人不胜伤感。③这句话联结了过去与现在,沟通了物质与情感,融合了虚与实,对表现中心主题涵蕴无穷,体现出小说高超的艺术技巧。(每条2分,意思对即可)4.【解析】偶然性是一种巧合,是意料之外的;必然性是情理之中的,情理主要体现在前面的伏笔上。
答案:偶然性:①玛洛比在赶回家为丈夫过生日的路上出了车祸,这是偶然发生的意外事故;②阿尔琼移植的心脏碰巧是妻子的而不是别人的,这也是意想不到的。
必然性:①阿尔琼有心脏病,需要做心脏移植手术,而且已经等了两年,这就为后文作了铺垫,使他做心脏移植手术的情节成为必然;②第七段最后一句“很久以前,在一个要好的朋友因肾脏衰竭而死亡后,他和玛洛比就签约死后将器官捐献出来”,也就为后文写玛洛比在出车祸后献出器官(心脏)的必然性埋下了伏笔。(每条2分,意思对即可)六、一直在等待
1.【解析】选BD。(选D得3分,选B得2分,选C得1分)A项理解错误,从小说的故事来看,等的只能是曾救过崔咏命的人;C项说“首尾照应”牵强;E项小说主要采用的不是“误会法”,对母亲的离开,崔晓柯是不理解的,对父亲也不存在误会,而且,崔晓柯的母亲对她的父亲也不存在误会。
2.答案:①知恩图报。事例:一直等救命恩人的电话。
②忍耐宽容。事例:母亲离开,没有对崔晓柯说指责母亲的话。③见义勇为。事例:救助姥姥一事。3.【解析】“母亲”是小说的次要人物,次要人物一般起衬托主要人物、突出主旨的作用。答案:①侧面表现出主人公的见义勇为、忍耐宽容,使主人公形象丰满。②母亲离开父亲,打破了传统报恩观念的束缚,使读者更好地认识了“百味的人生”的内涵,突出主旨。4.【解析】本题考查探究小说主旨的能力。分别从崔晓柯的父母、崔晓柯对人生生存方式和生活的理解来分析。答案(示例):“百味的人生”指的是人生情味,是人们的各种生存方式和对生活的理解。父亲多年开着手机只为等待报救命之恩,这是父亲的人生情味;崔晓柯的母亲因姥姥的知恩图报而嫁给了她父亲,因不爱而离开,这是母亲的人生情味;因为不知道父母怎样结合,而对母亲为什么离开知恩图报的父亲充满不解,这是崔晓柯的人生情味。(结合文本分析两例即可,注意联系现实论述)
七、逃
兵
1.【解析】选AC。本题主要考查对小说有关内容分析和概括的能力。A项,“每个人的选择都有其合理性,都会实现其不同的人生价值”错;C项,“感情因素占了上风”错,他亲手放开逃兵的同时,又派人监视着他们的动向。而且此处的形象刻画是正面描写。
2.答案:从为家人报仇而临阵脱逃可以看出向二狗性情冲动;从情报处长的书面报告中可以看出向二狗的勇敢;从爬了三天送回血衣可以看出向二狗性格中的重情义、有血性。3.【解析】本题主要考查赏析作品的内涵和分析小说表现手法的能力。结合向二狗等九人的所作所为分析内涵。这句话在文章的结尾,文章结尾的作用一般是升华主旨。
【答案】内涵:少将旅长不仅仅是给向二狗一个人守灵,他也是给衬衣上用生命写下名字的“逃兵”守灵,更是为千千万万个为了保家卫国勇于牺牲的战士们守灵。
作用:这处描写,是对向二狗等九人不是逃兵的证明,是对英雄的认可。升华了主旨,表达了作者的崇敬之情。
4.【解析】本题主要考查对文学作品的探究能力。不要求面面俱到,只要能就一种观点进
行探究,即可根据观点是否明确,论述是否合理,理由是否充分酌情给分。
答案(示例):不是败笔。①这正是文章的精髓所在。作者的这种写法,打破了人们圣化、神话了的“英雄偶像”,代之以活生生的、有血有肉的普通士兵的形象。他们有家,有妻老儿女,在家破人亡的时刻,他们也会悲恸,会失去理智,这才符合人之常情。②作者把他们放在战争的背景下,战争的残酷不容许他们做出这样的举动,他们用不怕牺牲,勇于杀敌,用血衣来印证誓言,洗刷清白,在暂时的迷失后同样实现了自身的人生价值,展现了他们“即使只是一根火柴,也要在关键时刻有一次闪耀”的英雄形象。(观点明确,给2分;论述合理、理由充分,给6分。)
八、有一种爱像海绵
1.【解析】选AC。本题考查分析作品结构,概括作品主题及分析作品主要表现手法的能力。(答A项给3分,答C项给2分,答D项给1分)B项中“父亲成功地骗过了家人”有误,妻儿了解实情。D项中儿子在作文中这么说是为了不让父亲尴尬。他不忍心父亲送水受累,但也希望父亲能找到事做而少背负些心理负担。E项中儿子对于父亲去做送水工并没有不高兴,流下的是感动的泪水。
2.【解析】本题考查赏析作品的形象的能力。解答此类题目关键要把握小说的情节。就本题而言,作答时要找出展现父亲言行、心理以及他对家人的态度的情节,将这些情节与人物性格结合起来,然后用概括性的语言表达出来。
答案:①有责任心,他下岗后首先想到的是要找工作支撑困难的家;②慈爱,关注孩子的成长,再困难也要给孩子买书;③吃苦耐劳,做送水工,后来通过辛勤的创业使家境殷实起来;④坚忍,将苦难和悲痛默默承受,把快乐和爱带给家人。(任答三点给6分,每点概括、分析各1分)3.【解析】本题考查分析作品表达技巧的能力。作答时,一般可从内容和结构两方面展开。在内容上,可从表现人物形象与表达主旨方面考虑;在结构上,一般可从线索、推动情节发展方面考虑,也可以从呼应标题、前后照应等方面考虑。
答案:内容上:丰富人物形象,表现了父亲的慈爱、妻儿的善解人意;“作文”是家庭和谐幸福的见证,凸显了小说主题。
结构上:是小说的线索,推动了小说情节的发展。4.【解析】本题考查对作品进行个性化阅读和有创意的解读的能力。解答第一问时,要从理解文章内容切入,结合文章内容分析“有一种爱像海绵”的具体内涵。解答第二问时,要善于选择分析的角度,并能结合生活实际作具体分析。答案(示例):“有一种爱像海绵”指的是父亲将苦难和悲痛默默承受,把快乐和爱献给了家庭,家人为了家庭的幸福,相互包容、理解。小说中父亲下岗后为了不让妻儿伤心,将此事独自扛了起来,而妻子和孩子用善意的谎言避免了父亲的尴尬,一家人虽然生活困苦,但是很幸福,很温馨。
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移…注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support―financial aid,material resources, and needed services―that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
1. Interpersonal relationships are important because ________.
A) they are indispensable to people’s social well-being
B) they awaken people’s desire to exchange resources
C) they help people to cope with life in the information era
D) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc
2. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________.
A) relies on the social welfare systems which support them
B) has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C) depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D) is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Line 1, Para. 2)?
A) Adds up to. B) Does away with. C) Lessens the effect of.D) Lays the foundation for.
4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ________.
A) instrumental support
B) informational support
C) social companionship
D) the strengthening of self-respect
5. Social companionship is beneficial in that ________.
A) it helps strengthen our ties with relatives
B) it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes
C) it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable
D) it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles
答案解析:
Questioned Educational Function of TV
Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author- Cardiac Cullingford confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs after 9 p.m. all 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight. Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Children dont pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. Recall was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched. It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them. On the other hand, they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, not because of their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. They are perfectly clear about the functions of advertisements; by the age of 12, only one in 10 children believes what even favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.
练习: 1. The study of children and television shows that
A) it is useless for television companies to delay adult viewing to the later hours.
B) It is a waste of time for children to watch adult programs on TV.
C) Children should not watch television programs late into the night.
D) Children are supposed to learn a lot from television programs.
2. Recall was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched has almost the same meaning as A) the more they watch the less they remember.
B) Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked.
C) They see them as short programs in their own right.
D) educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the new study of children and television?
A) Some children stay up late to watch the programs they like
B) Children enjoy watching challenging programs.
C) Children dont like serious messages and high-pressured ads.
D) Though children like watching ads, most of them dont believe what ads say about the product.
4. Cullingford concludes that
A) children are excited when they watch TV.
B) Watching TV has little real effect on children.
C) Parents should spend less time watching TV.
D) Parents should be worried about the effect of TV on children.
5. Whom would the result of the new study upset?
A) the advertisers.
B) The children viewers.
C) The movie stars.
D) The educators.
A) the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will be
B) rest after vigorous training improves an athlete’s performance
C) strict systematic training is essential to an athlete’s top performance
D) improvement of an athlete’s performance occurs in the course of training
37. By “overtraining” the author means ________.
A) a series of physical symptoms that occur after training
B) undue emphasis on the importance of physical exertion
C) training that is not adequately compensated for by rest
D) training that has exceeded an athlete’s emotional limits
38. What does the passage tell us about the “overtraining” syndrome?
A) It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports.
B) It appears right after a hard training session.
C) The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athlete’s training process.
D) It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period
39. What does the phrase “level off” (Line 5, Para. 4) most probably mean?
A) Slow down.
B) Become dull.
C) Stop improving.
D) Be on the decline
40. The author advises at the end of the passage that ________.
A) overtraining syndrome should be treated as a serious illness
B) overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occurs
C) an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy rest
It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the statistics,” she said. “But putting a face to those figures broughtthe reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”
The Princess concluded with a simple message: “We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.
But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused tosupport a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack On the Princess in the press. They described her as “very ill-informed” and a “loose cannon (乱放炮的人)
The Princess responded by brushing aside the Criticisms: ”This is a distraction (干扰) we do not need. AllI’m trying to do is help.“
Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their Support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.
To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkidnd, claimed that the Princess views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was ”working towards“ a worldwide ban.The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was ”a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.“ -
For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.
练习题:
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 _____
A. to clarify the British governments stand on landmines
B. to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
C. to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims there
D. to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
2. What did Diana mean when she said ”... putting a face to those figures brought the realityhome to me" (Line 5, Para. 1)?
A. Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
B. She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
C. The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.
D. Seeing the pain of the victims made realize the seriousness of the situation.
3. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because _____
A. she had not consulted the government before the visit
B. she was ill-informed of the governments policy
C. they were actually opposed to banning landmines
D. they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
4. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A. She made more :appearances on TV.
B. She paid no attention to them.
C. She rose to argue with her opponents.
D. She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.
5. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A. It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B. It had greatly promoted her popularity.
C. It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
D. It had affected her relations with the British government.
参考答案
1.[A] 根据题干中的时间、人名可以马上找到信息源为文章第1句,其中的不定式正好与选项的形式一致,表示目的,只要将选项内容与原文第1句中的不定式结构内容相对照即可得出答案为A。
2.[D] 此题考查语义及逻辑推理能力,关键在于理解brought the reality home to sb. (使某人了解到现实)及I knew the statistics, but...的`隐含义“我知道统计数字,但是(没想到会这么严重)”。再结合上文可知D的表述正确。C错在黛安娜不是亲身看到那些受害者之后才相信该统计数字的。
3.[B] 第3段第1句指出,回到伦敦,她的观点并没有得到英国政府的一些官员的认可。黛安娜是支持banning landmines(禁止地雷)的,故英国政府的一些官员是反对禁止地雷,因此答案选B。而从第5段第2句“……黛安娜王妃出访已获英国外交部批准,而且事实上她对安哥拉的形势和英国政府有关地雷的政策都很了解。’’可知A、C、D的说法均不正确。
4.[A] 此题关键在于理解第4段第1句中brush aside“无视,不顾,漠视”这个短语,A的paid no attention与brush aside同义,故选A。
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