英语语法没有进行时动词讲解

英语语法没有进行时动词讲解

英语语法没有进行时动词讲解 篇1

【考点分析】

1.对下列十种时态的考查：

一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来时

2.既考查时态又考查语态;

3.考查动词的及物与不及物;

4.考查主动形式表示被动意义;

5.考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题;

6.对被动语态习惯句型的考查。

【知识点归纳】

I.动词时态和语态的构成形式

主动语态的构成

一般现在时一般过去时

do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)

现在进行时过去进行时

is/am/are doingwas/were doing

现在完成时过去完成时

has/have donehad done

现在完成进行时过去完成进行时

has/have been doinghad been doing

一般将来时过去将来时

will/shall do

is/am/are going to do

is/am/are(about)to dowould/should do

was/were going to do

was/were(about)to do

被动语态的构成

一般现在时一般过去时

is/am/are donewas/were done

现在进行时过去进行时

is/am/are being donewas/were being done

现在完成时过去完成时

has/have been donehad been done

一般将来时过去将来时

will/shall be done

is/am/are going to be done

is/am/are(about)to be donewould/should be done

was/were going to be done

was/were(about)to be done

II.动词时态的用法

1.一般现在时

①一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等;

②主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来;

I’ll go there after I finish my work.

If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.

③在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作;

There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

注意：近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰

Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.

A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

虽然航海发生在过去，但是，海洋的名称不会因此而变化，所以要用一般现在时。

2.现在进行时

①表示正在进行的动作;

②表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

③代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。

The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。

The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

④与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行;

He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。

She is always forgetting something.她老是忘记某些事情。

⑤大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。

常见的有：

▲感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear

▲情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear

▲心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt

▲所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。

3.现在完成时

①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作;

I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.

②表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用;

He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.

③表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”;

表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。

―Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.

―She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.

④在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。

When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.

We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.

注意：这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时;试比较：

I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.

She will call you when she gets home.

⑤短暂动词(即瞬间动词)，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,

break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说：He has joined the army three years.可采用：

▲“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.

▲“延续法”：He has been in the army for three years.

▲“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

注意：没有包括“现在”在内或不是截至“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用, 但“in(over) the

情态动词语法讲解及练习题 篇2

At that time we thought the story could not be true.

那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。

Father said I could swim in the river.

爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。

2)表过去的能力

I could swim when I was only six.

我刚六岁就能游泳。

Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时，常表抽象的一般的能力。

He could be very naughty when he was a child.

他小时候会是很顽皮的。

3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法

Could I use your bike?

Yes, you can.

他会记得那时吗?

I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.

恐怕我今天不能回答你。

The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.

老师说你可以去商店买糖。

3)Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。

Can they have won the basketball match?

他们赢了那场篮球赛吗?

What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.

你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。

You could have completed the task a little earlier.

你本来能早点完成任务的。(但事实上并没有提前完成任务)

I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.

我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。

如表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用 be able to .

He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.

他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。

Can表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力

I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.

The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out

英语动词时态讲解教案 篇3

一：总述：动词的构成（5种）与时态（8种）二：分述：

动词的构成 1.be 动词

1)be动词的几种形式: am is are

was were

being

Been 2)与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用 1)I am a doctor.2)He is ten.3)They are tired.4)The cat is under the table.3)There be 句型

用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前

There is a pen on the desk.There is some water in the glass.用于复数名词之前 There are some sheep in the hill.用于一般将来时 There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.用于一般过去时 There was a book on the desk yesterday.注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。4)Be 动词在时态中的运用

在现在进行时中 We are talking.在过去进行时中 We were talking at this time yesterday 2.助动词

1)几种形式

1.do /don’t 2.Does/ doesn’t 3.Did/ didn’t 4.will /won’t

5.have haven’t /has hasn’t/had hadn’t 2)对句子进行否定和疑问

1)Do you get up early every day? 2)I didn’t have lunch yesterday.3)Will you be back soon? 4)He hasn’t finished the work yet.在反意疑问句中

5)He works in a school, doesn’t he? 6)She has never been there,has she? 在倒装句中

7)They helped the farmers , so did we.8)I won’t visit the famous singer,neither will he.3.情态动词共同特点: 情态动词后面跟动词原型，无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词 1 只有时态变化，没有人称变化。解释: can / could 在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，could比can语气更委婉。

Can I help you?

Could you open the window? 在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。I can swim.I could swim at the age of five.Must /have to

Must 表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustn’t，否定回答用needn’t

I must go now.You mustn’t play in the street.Must I clean the room now?

No,you needn’t.have to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。I don’t have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.May

表示请求别人允许。May I use your bike? 表示可能性。

He may be a teacher.He may live in this building.4.系动词

我们所学过的系动词是

1.Get，turn，be come，be动词

2.感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel 系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构

3.I feel hungry.4.The day gets longer and longer.5.He looked happy.5.实义动词

实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。

实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。做谓语动词的用法：

动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词 注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律 1)He works in the office.2)We are dancing together.3)I caught a cold last week.4)She has watered the flower.做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）动词会有三种形式：

1)原型(do)2)动名词(doing)3)不定式(to do)1）用原型：let sb.do

make sb.do

help sb.(to)do

had better do 2）用动名词：like doing

enjoy doing

finish doing 介词之后用动名词 be good at doing

what about doing

thank you for doing

3）用不定式：want to do

decide to do

plan to do

would like to do learn to do

tell sb.(not)to do

ask sb.(not)to do  注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:

remember doing/to do

forget doing/to do

stop doing/to do

go on doing/to do

动词的时态 一．一般现在时

表示一般情况和经常发生的动作。时间状语为

1.every day 或 every 引导的时间状语

2.often，always，usually 3.动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加 “s” work-> works 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-> carries 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash-> washes go-> goes

do-> does

have-> has 4.例句：

He goes to school on foot every day.We often have supper at home.She doesn’t do her work every Sunday.二．一般将来时

1.表示将来发生的动作。2.时间状语：

5.next 引导的词组

6.tomorrow 引导的词组 7.the day after tomorrow 3.动词变化：will + 动词原型 4.例句

I will visit you tomorrow.He won’t come back next week.三．一般过去时

1.指过去发生的动作或事情 2.时间状语：

动词变化：动词变成过去式，动词加“ed”

Play-> played 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-> carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed

stop-> stopped 不规则动词见书后动词表 4.例句

1)He bought a book yesterday.2)I watched a match last week.3)He left here two days ago.四．现在进行时：

1.表示正在发生的动作。

2.时间状语：now /Look… /Listen… 3.由be动词＋动词ing构成

4.动词变化加ing

clean-> cleaning 3.1）2）3）4）yesterday 引导的词组 ago 引导的词组 last 引导的词组

the day before yesterday 3 以不发音“e”结尾的，去掉字母“e”，再加ing

make-> making 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ing

swim-> swimming 5.例句

1)The boys are playing now.2)Look!They are planting trees.3)Listen!He is singing.五．现在完成时

1.动词变化 动词变成过去分词加ed

Play-> played 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-> carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed

stop-> stopped 不规则动词见书后动词表

2.动词由have（has）+ 过去分词 构成

表示动作已经完成 He has left.I have already had a rest.表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用）He has been away for two days.I have already taught in this school since 1990.The bird has been dead for a month.We have made lots of friends since we came here.六．过去进行时

1.指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。2.时间状语

1)at this time yesterday 2)at five o’clock yesterday afternoon 3.动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成

4.例句：He was watching TV at this time yesterday.七．过去将来时

1.指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作。2.动词由would+动词原型构成。3.例句：

He would go to the park the next day.He said he would work hard next term.八．过去完成时

1.指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。2.动词由had+过去分词构成。3.例句：

小学英语语法：动词 篇4

动词是表示动作或行为的词。

按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为：

连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词。

be动词(am，is，are)

be动词做谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。

用法口诀:

我用am，

你用are，

is 用在他、她、它，

复数全用are。

如：I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese.

be动词的否定形式：

am not(无缩写形式)

is not=isn’t

are not=aren’t

助动词(do，does，did)

do，does用于一般现在时，does用于第三人称单数，其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。

如：Do you like this film?

Does she like playing football?

I didn’t go to school yesterday.

否定形式：

do not = don’t

does not =doesn’t

did not=didn’t

情态动词(can,may,must,should,will,would,shall 等)

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“可能”，“可以”，“需要”，“必须”，“应当”等意思。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面的动词要用原形。

can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许，但may比can更正式，更客气些。

如：

Can I use your pen?

May I come in?

must和should

must意为“必须，应当”，含有一种命令的语气，比较生硬，不容商量。

should意为“应当，应该”，表示建议或劝告，语气比较委婉，客气。

如：

You must finish your homework before you go to bed.

You should stay in bed and have a good rest.

will和would

用于疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问，用would比will更委婉，更客气。

如：

Will you please open the window?

Would you like some coffee?

注意区别

I’d like… 我想要…(接名词)

如：I’d like some tea.

I’d like to… 我想要做…(接动词原形)

如：I’d like to go with you.

I like… 我喜欢…(接名词或动名词)

如：I like monkeys. I like reading.

行为动词

行为动词也叫实意动词，是具有实际意义的动词。

如:

run(跑), jump(跳)，listen(听),

sing(唱),eat(吃),think(想)等。

行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。

在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表现，这就叫时态。

一 般 现 在 时

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初中英语语法名词与动词 篇5

名词

一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.

普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange;

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .

二、英语可数名词的单复数：

英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：

①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

三、名词所有格：

1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如：

today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),

China’s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：

a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]：

① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

四、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题

1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) /Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况：What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

五、部分名词用法辨析：

1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the leaguematch(联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai TelevisionFestival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?) /Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)

4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)

5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同;fishes指许多种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)

接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词

feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做了某事

have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事

let sb. do sth.让某人做某事

listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事

look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做了某事

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做了某事

observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做了某事

see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事

watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做了某事

接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词

like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事

hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事

prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事

begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事

continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事

can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事

bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事

intend to do sth / intend doing sth. 打算做某事

attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事

cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事

接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词

(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事

remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事

(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事

(3) regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事

regret doing sth. 后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事

(4) try to do sth. 努力去做某事

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事

高中英语语法 动词的语气 篇6

一.概念

语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.二.相关知识点精讲

1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表

if条件句中的谓与动词 主句的谓与动词

与现在的事实相反

1.行为动词用did 形式

2.be动词用were should

would

could + 动词原形

might

与过去的事实相反

had + done should

would

could + have + done

might

与将来的事实相反 1.行为动词用did

2.should + 动词原形

3.were to + 动词原形 should

would

could + 动词原形

might

3.混合时间的虚拟语气

如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做” needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”

5.虚拟语气中的倒装句

如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不该…； 但愿…。” 主句谓语 从句谓语

wish 时态 谓语动词的形式

现在时

表示与wish同时发生 动词用过去时

be动词用were

过去时

表示在wish之前发生的动作 动词用had done

be用had been

将来时

表示在wish之后发生的动作 动词用would do;should do

be 用 would be;should be

1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.2)I wish I were ten years younger.3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.7.表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用would 来替代;主句所使用的动词时态不限。

8.suggest 为“建议去做…;命令…”从句用should + do

为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。

1)The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2)The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.9.insist “坚持要去做…，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”，从句用过去时或过去完成时。

10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。

11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型，或should 省略。

三.巩固练习

1.If there were no subjunctive mood, English _________ much easier.A.will be B.would have been

C.could have been D.would be

2.If I _____ you, I’d join the army.A.am B.was C.were D.would be

3.If he _______ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A.comes B.will come C.should come D.come

4.If it _______ next week , the crops would be saved.A.rains B.will rains C.would rain D.should rain

5.If I _______ it, I would do it in a different way.A.were to do B.do C.had done D.was to do

6.Supposing the weather ________ bad, where would you go ?

A.is B.will be C.were D.be

7.If he had worked harder, he _________.A.would succeed B.had succeeded

C.should succeed D.would have succeeded

8.If he ________, he _________ that food.A.was warned;would not take

B.had been warned;would not have taken

C.would be warned;had not taken

D.would have been warned;had not taken

9.If my lawyer _________ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.A.had been;would have prevented

B.had been;would prevent

C.were;would prevent

D.were;would have prevented

10.If he ______ it, he _______ it.A.had seen;could have believed B.saw;couldn’t believe

C.saw;couldn’t have believed D.has seen;had believed

11.—Do you think the thief entered through the window?

—No, if he had, I don’t believe, _______ broken the living-room’s window.A.he would have B.he must have

C.he had D.should he have

12.—Did you go swimming last Sunday?

—No.We would have gone ______ nicer.A.if the weather was

B.would the weather have been

C.had the weather been

D.should the weather be

13.______ it ______ for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.A.Had;not been B.Should;not been

C.Did;not been D.Not;been您正在阅读的文章来自2xxyy.com

14._______ today, he would get there by Friday.A.Would have left B.Was he leaving

C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves

15.It is ordered that a new bridge ______ over the wide river.A.should be built B.would built

C.will be built D.built

四.答案

英语语法讲解 篇7

修饰可数名词

(a) few / fewer / fewest

many / more / most

a great (good) many

many a

a number of

the number of

既可修饰可数名词 也可修饰不可数名词

a lot of / lots of

plenty of (time, money, people)

修饰不可数名词

(a) little / less / least

much / more / most

a great (good) deal of

an amount of / amounts of

the amount of

量词使用中应注意的几个问题：

1) 分清可数名词和不可数名词是前提;

2) 不要把量词的形式搞混淆了：下面哪个表达形式是对的?

A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.

B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.

C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.

D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.

E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.

F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.

以上六个表达方式中只有F 是对的。为什么?

A. a lot students → a lot of students

B. a few of the students → a few students

C. a great many of students → a great many students

D. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.

E. The number of 表示数目，如：The number of the students in our class is 50.

A number of 表示“一些”，“不少”，认真对比一下，看出问题来了吗?

问多少钱、多少重量时用：How much…?问距离时用：How far is it from…to…?

★ 英语语法讲解学习：过去进行时

★ 英语语法知识

★ 高一英语语法

★ 英语语法练习题

★ 英语语法字典推荐

★ 讲解作文

★ 讲解导游词

★ 钢铁是怎样炼成的讲解

★ 诗经全文讲解

中考英语名词语法讲解 篇8

First, 名词复数的特殊变化。

普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：

a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es;

b. story, factory 等以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;

c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es;

d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是“元音字母+o” 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是“辅音字母+o”的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。

e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans;

f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。

注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国)，the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。

别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。

a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。

b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。

名词所有格：

表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，.则表示“分别有”。.如：Johns and Marys room(约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间);两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”。如：John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。

高中英语语法讲解 篇9

二.倒装主要用于以下情形之下:

1.含有否定含义的连词或副词或词组(如: not, not only, never, little, seldom, hardly, hardly...when..., no sooner... than... , at no time, neither, nor, never before, not until等)位于句首时, 常用部分倒装的语序

a. Not a single mistake did he make in the exam.

b. Never shall I forget day when I was with her.

c. Not only can he play the piano, but he also can write songs.

d. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.

e. Little does she know what may happen.

f. Seldom have I met her recently.

g. Not until after the war did he return home.

h. No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily.

not only...but also...连接两个主语时, not only即使是在句首, 也不用倒装语序

a. Not only the students but also the teachers went there to listen to the lecture.

2.由于主语太长或为了强调而将地点状语(多为介词短语)或表语前置时, 多用全部倒装的语序

a. In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.

b. Outside the classroom stood a boy.

c. Behind the farmhouse was a big tree.

d. On the blackboard were the words written in English: “Welcome to our class !”

e. Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer.

f. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.

3.only修饰的状语位于句首时, 用部分倒装的语序

a. Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

b. Only in this way can you learn it by heart.

c. Only after the country was liberated in 1949 was he able to live a happy life.

4.有时为强调或表达生动, 将now, here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副词前置, 句子用全部倒装的语序

a. Now comes your turn.

b. Here comes the taxi.

c. There goes the bell.

d. Out rushed the school boys.

e. Away flew the birds.

f. Down came the rain.

g. The door burst open and in rushed a stranger.

在以上情况下, 当主语为代词时, 主谓不倒装

a. There it is.

b. Away he went.

5.用于以so开头表示 “也…”, 以neither / nor开头表示 “也不…”的句型

①.句型 “so+不完全动词+主语”表示 “也…”, 即上文所述的肯定情况对于本句的主语来说也是如此

a. They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday. So did we.

b. He has been to the Great Wall. So have I.

②.句型 “neither / nor+不完全动词+主语”表示 “也不…”, 即上文所述的否定情况对于本句的主语来说也不如此

a. I didn’t do my homework yesterday evening. Neither / Nor did he.

b. The students are not in the classroom. Neither / Nor was the teacher.

6.直接引语前置时, 如果主语是名词, 常用全部倒装的语序; 如果主语是代词, 往往不用倒装语序

a. “You all did well in the exam.” said the teacher.

b. “Who are you looking for?” she asked / asked Mary.

c. “That is unfair !” shouted the man / he shouted.

7.用于以were, had, should等词开头的虚拟条件句(参看 “虚拟语气”部分)

a. Had you asked me, I would have told you everything. =If you had asked me, I would have told you everything.

b. Were he here, we would be able to solve the problem. =If he were here, we would be able to solve the problem.

c. Should you change your mind, let me know. =If you should change your mind, let me know.

8.在so…that…和such…as…的句型中, so / such前置时, 句子要用部分倒装的语序

a. So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it. =The lake is so shallow that no fish can live in it.

b. Such a good student was he that everyone liked him. =He was such a good student that everyone liked him.

三.应注意的问题: 注意倒装句中的主谓一致问题. 因为在倒装句中, 主语不在句首, 因此首先要弄清句子的主语是什么, 再确定谓语的形式

a. On the wall hangs a large picture.

b. Here are some books about English language learning.

c. Such were his words.

a. There it is.

b. Away he went.

5.用于以so开头表示 “也…”, 以neither / nor开头表示 “也不…”的句型

①.句型 “so+不完全动词+主语”表示 “也…”, 即上文所述的肯定情况对于本句的主语来说也是如此

a. They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday. So did we.

b. He has been to the Great Wall. So have I.

②.句型 “neither / nor+不完全动词+主语”表示 “也不…”, 即上文所述的否定情况对于本句的主语来说也不如此

a. I didn’t do my homework yesterday evening. Neither / Nor did he.

b. The students are not in the classroom. Neither / Nor was the teacher.

6.直接引语前置时, 如果主语是名词, 常用全部倒装的语序; 如果主语是代词, 往往不用倒装语序

a. “You all did well in the exam.” said the teacher.

b. “Who are you looking for?” she asked / asked Mary.

c. “That is unfair !” shouted the man / he shouted.

7.用于以were, had, should等词开头的虚拟条件句(参看 “虚拟语气”部分)

a. Had you asked me, I would have told you everything. =If you had asked me, I would have told you everything.

b. Were he here, we would be able to solve the problem. =If he were here, we would be able to solve the problem.

c. Should you change your mind, let me know. =If you should change your mind, let me know.

8.在so…that…和such…as…的句型中, so / such前置时, 句子要用部分倒装的语序

a. So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it. =The lake is so shallow that no fish can live in it.

b. Such a good student was he that everyone liked him. =He was such a good student that everyone liked him.

三.应注意的问题: 注意倒装句中的主谓一致问题. 因为在倒装句中, 主语不在句首, 因此首先要弄清句子的主语是什么, 再确定谓语的形式

a. On the wall hangs a large picture.

b. Here are some books about English language learning.