导游英语导游词

导游英语导游词（推荐8篇）

导游英语导游词 篇1

Overview of Quanzhou TouristryQuanzhou is a well-known hometown for overseas Chinese and a majority of the Han population in Taiwanese.The total population in the municipality is over 6.7 million.About 9 million of Han nationality in Taiwan are originally from Quanzhou.In recent years, the number of visitors from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao has been increasing.They come back for pilgrimage to their visit ancestors’ graves, visit their families and friends, make investments and conduct business and sightseeing.This has greatly promoted the social and economic development in Quanzhou.Quanzhou is one of first 24 important national historic and cultural cities announced by the State Council.From Tang Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, “Citong Port” in Quanzhou was one of the major ports for foreign trade.It was the departure point of “marine silk route” and enjoyed the grand reputation of “largest oriental port”.The city has numerous famous scenic spots, cultural and historic relics.Among 399 protected cultural relics in the city, 12 are of state level and 37 are of province level.1.Chongwu Ancient Town “natural film studio” and “Beidaihe in the South”.It is located at Chongwu Township, the coastal jag in the east of Hui-an County.The site covers an area of 300 Mu, winding along the coastline, composed of Chongwu ancient town, Hui-an women glamour, the granite carving museum, and Earth Art.The well-preserved T-shaped city wall of Chongwu ancient town is located on just the opposite of the scenic spot.It is regarded as “case of the ancient systematic civil work due to its unique architecture.The area has been listed by provincial tourism Bureau as the key construction project for tourism and announced by Quanzhou Municipal Government as the first batch of famous scenic spots, receiving over one million tourists each year.2.Qingyuan Mountain Quanzhou is 2 km from the down town and directly accessible by bus.The sight is known as “No.1 Penglai Mountain in Fujian Province” and the “Back garden of Quanzhou”.The scenic sight covers a total area of 62 km2, consisting Qingyuan Mountain, Jiuri Mountain, Lingshan secret tomb, and Xibeiyang.Qingyuan Mountain has three national key culture relics located on 8 sites.The most attractive site is the giant granite statue of an old gentleman, which is 5.63 meters high, 6.85 meters thick and 8.01 meters wide.Covering an area of 55 m2, it is the largest Taoist granite statue existing at present in China.In addition, there are also Islamic tombs in Song Dynasty, Qifeng rock calligraphy group on Jiuri Mountain, the granite statue of “Sanshifu(Three-generation Buddha)”of Tibetan Buddhism of Yuan Dynasty, the giant granite statue of “Amituofu”, and the Buddhist relics of Hongyi master, the senior monk in modern history, and the Buddhist relics of Hui-an native Guanqin master monk which is brought back from Taiwan.The mountain has gathered rock calligraphies of Taoism, Confucius, Buddhism, Muslim, Muni, as well as many fine calligraphy since Tang and Song Dynasties, hence the name of “Museum of Stone Carving”.3.Ling Mountain Sacred Tomb

Fengze District Forest Park.It is the best protected Muslim relics existing in China.Covers an area of 300 m2, the existing tomb is a pagoda shaped Islamic tomb, located in the north and facing the south.The tomb, measuring 2.15 meter long, 1.1 meters wide and 0.6 meters tall, is structured in three layers.On the east, west and north of the tomb are horse-shoe shaped protection cloisters for 9 chambers which are 11 meters wide and 1.04 meters deep.Inside the cloisters, there are 5 monument stones of different dynasties.In front there is a shining-green monument stone carved with Arabic language.On the right it is the monument stone which was laid when Zhenghe came to burn joss sticks before he started the 5th voyage expedition.To the Arab world, the tomb on the Ling Mountain is the third important sacred tomb, next to Muhammad’s tomb in Mecca and Ari Tomb in Iraq.4.Qingjing Mosque National key culture relics, it is located in the middle section of Tumen Street, Licheng District, covering an area of 2500 m2.Qingjing Mosque faces the street in the South, with a pointed dome roof.The dome has three layers: inside, middle and outside.On the external wall, there is a statue on the top, which is carved with “Alcoran” in Arabic.The back wall of the mosque is carved with ancient Arabic script, recording the time of construction and repair and the builders.In the mosque, there is a stone carving of the emperor’s instruction about the protection of the Islamic mosque in Yongle Year 5 of Ming Dynasty(1407).On top of the mosque gate, there is a platform named “platform looking at the moon” which is built with bricks in the shape of dual-square.5.Kaiyuan Temple National key culture relics, it is a 1000-year old temple, famous in China and overseas.Build in Wuzetian Chuigong Year 2 of Tang Dynasty(Year 686), the temple is Located in the west street of Lincheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province.The temple has a history of over 1300 years, covering an area of 78,000 m2.Kaiyuan Temple is evenly laid in structure.Starting from the gate, there are the Hall of Heaven King, Praying Pavilion, east and west Corridors, the Precious Hall of Great Hero, Ganlujietan, and scripture store-room.The buildings are laid spectacularly and neatly in a line.Inside Kaiyuan Temple, there stood the east pagoda and the west pagoda, which are also called Ziyun couple pagodas.The east pagoda is named Zhenguo Pagoda, which was made from the wood initially and later replaced by the brick at the height of 48.24 meters.The west pagoda is named Renshou pagoda, which was built from the timber sent by Wang Shenzhi, the king of Fujian.It was named “emotal pagoda”.It was replaced by brick structure in the northern Song Dynasty and changed again to stone pagoda in the Southern Song Dynasty at the height of 44.06 meters.The west pagoda was built 10 years earlier than the east pagoda

6.Luoyang Bridge

A National cultural relics located over Luoyang River, 20 km northeast off Quanzhou.The construction of the bridge started in 1053 and was completed in 1059.Its length is 834 meters and width, 7 meters, with 31 piers.On the two sides of the bridge, there are fences, on top of which there stand delicately carved lion stone statues.The bridge is also decorated with 7 pavilions, 9 pagodas and knight statues standing at each end.With the unique architecture, the bridge is famous both at home and abroad and has gained the reputation of “No.1 bridge across the sea”.On the outside of the bridge, there are 500 carved stone railings and 28 carved stone lions, symbolizing 28 famous craftsmen;and 81 Buddha statues, including the Moon Buddha.On the north of the bridge, there is a courtyard, which is known as the No.1 courtyard in the south of Fujian Province.7、Anping Bridge A national key culture relic located at Anhai Town of Jingjiang City, Fujian Province, access to the highway between Fuzhou and Xiamen and the national road No 324.Anping Bridge extends over the bay between Anhai Township of Jingjiang and Shuitou Township of Anhai.The construction of the bridge started in Shaoxing Year 8 of Song Dynasty(1138)and completed in Shaoxing Year 22(1152).Made of granite piers, the bridge is 2700 meters long and it was the longest bridge in the ancient times, known as “no bridge would be longer than this bridge”.The construction of Anping Bridge is unique, because the original piers were designed in three different shapes: square, semi-boat, and raft.The foundation of the bridge adopted “sunken foundation covered by wood” and wooden piles respectively according to the different earth layer.The surface of the bridge was laid with granite slates of 5-11 meters long and 4.5-25 tons each.The bridge surface was laid by utilizing the rising and falling of the tide.8.Shiniu Mountain the territory of Dehua, in the middle of Fujian Province and the southeast part of mid Daiyun Mountain range.Shiniu Mountain is famous for its vicious cliff, strange-shaped rocks, strange-looked trees and mysterious caves.In the park, there are high mountains and a dense forest, with humid climate, excellent natural environment, and bio-diversity.It is a kingdom of plants and paradise of animals.The major tourism attractions include the main peak of Niushi Mountain, Daixian double water falls, bamboo raft drifting on Taoxian Stream, rubber boat drifting on Shilong Stream, Tadou hot spring, Peach-flower Island, the relics of Fujian Provincial Committee building.9.Niumu Forest Ecological Sightseeing Zone As a National AAAA scenic spot and provincial natural reserve, it is located at Xiayang town, the west of Yongchun County, Quanzhou of Fujian Province.Niumu forest is the extension of Daiyun Mountain with an attitude of 1,105 meters.It is the largest and best preserved primary forest at present in South China.The main sightseeing area in Niumu forest ecological zone covers 1,000 ha, consisting over 40 scenic spots.The most famous sites are the ecological and scientific popularization museum, orchid garden, Yongchun Tangerine orchard, Qingqian Liule Garden, Cuckoo Castle, board root, strangled killing, parasitic cauline flower, Fujian phoebe trees, yew, foliage, Woniutan, Zhonglidizhu, Konggulaifeng.The entertainment activities offered for tourists include cable sliding at high altitude, grass ski fashion, mock hunting, standard shooting, archery, and jungle field operation.10.Anxi Qingshui Crag

As National AAAA scenic spot and provincial-level culture relics, it is a tourist attraction and religious shrine, located on Penglai Mountain, 15 km northwest from the Anxi County suburb, the hometown of the Iron Buddha Tea.Covering a total area of 11.1 km2 with the peak reaching the altitude of 767 meters, it consists of the temple and pilgrimage zone, Qiyu(praying for rain)ecological zone, Qinshan Recreation zone and memorial zone.With convenience of transportation, it is about 70 km from Quanzhou, 100 km from Xiamen and 120 km from Zhangzhou.The existing temple was built after 1966 and Qingshui Crag is the burial place of Qingshui master monk, a famous monk in Song Dynasty.There is a belief of Qingshui master monk has a wide influence in the Southern Fujian province, Taiwan and Southeast Asian countries.In Taiwan alone, there are over 200 temples named Qingshui Crag.Quanzhou Delicacies and Specialities

1.Quanzhou Glutinous Rice Dumpling of Meat Stuffing

The glutinous rice dumplings of meat stuffing are made in a dainty procedure.The ingredients are mainly glutinous rice, together with half-fat pork and other ingredients, such as taro, chestnut, bran shrimp, lotus seed, chicken, ham and bamboo shoots.2.Quanzhou Yuanhetang Preserved Fruits and Vegetables

Quanzhou Yuanhetang preserved fruits and vegetables are traditional foods, made from different varieties of fruit and vegetables.They enjoy a great reputation all over the world for their sweet and pleasant taste.“Yuanhetang” is a 80-year-old firm processing preserved fruits and vegetables.Having the function of nourishing the stomach and spleen;promoting appetite, Yuanhetang products are regarded as the best selection for entertaining guests while drinking tea.Overseas Chinese originally from the Southern Fujian Province like to take Yuanhetang preserved fruits and vegetables back to their residential country while people in China like to choose “Yuanhetang” products as souvenirs for their overseas relatives and friends.3.Anxi Tie Kuan-yin Tea

Anxi Iron Kuanyin Tea also known as heart Kuanyin tea and red shape Kuanyin tea.It is the top quality Wulong Tea, the famous tea produced in Fujian Province.The iron Kuanyin tea produced in Anxi County, Quanzhou Municipality contains a number of biological alkaline, vitamins and tannin, protein and aromatic oil.It has the special function of easing anxiety, improving eyesight, preventing arteriosclerosis and cancer, extending youth and mitigating radiation.4.Quanzhou Puppet Head

Quanzhou puppets have a complete image in structure.The figures are widely selected from the figures and roles in the folk operas and legends, roughly divided into 5 major types: Sheng(male), Dan(young female), Jing(painted face, male), Mo(middle aged male), Chou(clown, male or female).There are over 300 puppet masks, which display beautiful shapes, vivid drawings, clear characters, unique artistic styles and local images.5.Hui-an Granite Sculpture

Hui-an granite sculpture is a folk carving craftwork, made from top quality granite(shining-green rock)and carved finely into different sizes of delicate handicrafts, such as round carving, floating carving, line carving, and shadow carving.The granite sculptures produced in Hui-an can be either large as the size which should be lifted and installed by cranes or can be small as the size which can float on the surface of the water.They are beautiful in shape, fine in workmanship, unique in artistic style and strong in local characteristics.Hui-an granite sculpture has a history of 1600 years, well-known as the “home of granite sculptures”.6.Hui-an Bear Gall

Fujian Guizhentang Pharmacy Development Co.Ltd utilizes the rich resource of bear gall from Qianshan Group and has developed Qianshan brand bear gall products, such as bear gall powder, bear gall health tea and bear gall capsules.The company uses the extracted substances from bear galls with other valuable Chinese herb medicine to develop different varieties of new medicines.Bear galls are bitter in taste and cold in nature, having the function of clearing the heat, relieving spasm, improving eye-sight, and killing worms.According to the Chinese medicine, bear gall is effective in curing red eye disease, sore throat, infantile convulsion of children, indigestion and pain caused by worms.7.Laofanzhi Panacea Leaven

Laofanzhi Panacea Leaven is a processed traditional Chinese medicine, which is a light grey coloured block in aromatic smell and slightly sweet taste.Having the functioned in adjusting the stomach, nourishing the spleen, expelling wind-evil, settling indigestion, and promoting appetite, resolving wetness, it can be applied to treat flue and cold, heat exhaustion in summer, stomach-ache caused by indigestion and vomiting and diarrhoea.8.Quanzhou Rice sculpture

“Zhauggaoren(rice figure)” is made of ground rice(glutinous rice), wheat flour and pigment.The skill of making the rice figures mainly relies on the dexterous fingers.The tools needed are also simple: small scissors, fine comb, gold paper, feathers, bamboo strap and iron thread.The figures made from the dough are generally taken from the stories in four famous major Chinese works, such as “The master travels to the west with his apprentice to obtain scriptures”, “Three brothers in the Peach Orchard”, “Twelve Golden hairpins” and “Wusong kills tiger”.The figures are vivid.After they are made, it takes several days for them to dry under the sunlight, and then paint with a coat of oil to make them shine and to preserve them for a long time.9.Quanzhou Folk Colour cotta

Quanzhou Folk Colour Cottas are made from paper as figures of ancient operas.The work of making colour cotta is divided into standing work and sitting work.The standing work generally refers to making large scale works, such as “Giant Mountain” “Lingcuo” and “Colour Building while sitting work refers to making fine works, including famous figures, birds and animals.In modern colour cotta techniques, the material is earth, wax, plastics, cloth and silk to enhance the expressive force.The folk colour cotta in Quanzhou has a broad influence in China and overseas.The works of “56 ethnic groups”, “Hui-an maidens”, “Maidens form tea producing area”, “Girls from Fishermen Family”, “Lady of Southern Music” designed by Quanzhou JIngxiu Firm have won excellence prizes on the First China Tourism Souvenir Competition, and the prize of the best commodity on the First Fujian Provincial Tourism Fair.10.Yongchun Painted Bamboo Baskets

Yonghcun painted bamboo baskets are unique traditional handicrafts produced locally.They are made from over 20 raw materials, including gold foil, fine bamboo skin, raw paint, Chinese wood oil, Xiabu, dongfen through over 30 procedures of moulding, boiling, lining, and painting for over two months.There are over 100 varieties of products including flat baskets, patterned baskets and full baskets, shaped in round, ridged, hexagon, oval, as well as fruit boxes and painted plates.11Yogchun Paper Woven Picture

Yongchun paper woven pictures are a special traditional handicraft, initiated at the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, with a history of over 1400 years.The pictures have been sent to over 40 countries for exhibition, presented to the foreign friends as souvenirs, and have become the “friendship envoy” for the promotion of the diplomatic ties.Yongchun County has been granted by the Ministry of Culture the title “Home of China Paper Woven Pictures” and listed for the protection under the “Folk Art Protection Project”.12.Dehua Ceramics

Dehua ceramics is the traditional craftwork.It was started in the Tang Dynasty, developed in Song and Yuan Dynasty and made a breakthrough in Ming Dynasty.The white ceramics produced in Dehua have the reputation of being “white as snow, thin as paper, smooth as jade”.Dehua ceramics is famous especially for its statue of Kuanyin which was made by the senior master He Chaosong and named “Helai Kuan” after his name.The “Ivory White” ceramic statue developed by him is a valuable object unparallel in the world, known as the “crown jewel in the international ceramic sector”.Quanzhou Folk Culture

1.Quanzhou Ceramic culture

“Dehua has many beautiful ceramics”, is how the Italian traveller Marko Polo described Dehua.Porcelain manufacture has a long history in Dehua.Well-known both in China and overseas for its top quality, fine workmanship, the porcelain industry in Dehua is regarded as one of the three major porcelain capitals in China, together with Jingde town of Jiangxi Province and Lilin of Hunan Province.In Ming Dynasty, the “Ivory White” ceramics developed by the great master He Chaozong surprised the world and was named “China White” by the westerners.People describe Dehua top white porcelain as “white as snow, thin as paper, bright as mirror” and describe Dehua Jianbai porcelain as “smooth and transparent as condensed lipid and frozen jade”.The porcelain Kuanyin made in Dehua is called “Oriental Venus”.2.Culture of Hui-an women costumes

The costume culture of Hui-an women dates back into the ancient China.They wore a yellow scarf, a blue short blouse, silver chain and large trousers, which are unique in the national costume culture.The blue short blouse displays the colour of sea and sky, the yellow bamboo hats symbol the land and beach;the flowery scarf indicates the movement of mountain flowers and sea waves.The blouses are tight and short, exposing the navel, displays their characters of being bold, flexible, but extravert.The costume of Hui-an women is always focused on the body above the waist, especially on the head decoration which differs in patterns, occasions and ages.When Hui-an women attend weddings or ceremonies, the head decoration should be bright and colourful to display the “happiness”.The old women of Hui-an usually have a bob on the back of the head and wear a black scarf with pins decorated with beads and flowers, which displays a unique style.4.Quanzhou Opera Culture

Dacheng Play

Dacheng play is also named Fashi Play, Monk Play, Douist play and originated from the religion and folk activities in Quanzhou.Formed by combining Buddhist and Taoist activities, it is a religious play, rarely seen in China.The play provides religious services for both Buddhism and Taoism.Dacheng Play was born in Quanzhou and nourished by Quanzhou folk arts, and is especially deeply influenced by thread controlled puppet plays.After emerging as a new play, it has displayed its uniqueness in Southern Fujian folk operas due to its super Kongfu and technique.Dacheng play is known for its kongfu which applies Quanzhou South Shaolin boxing.The opera has preserved lots of folk stunts, acrobatics and dances.By adopting Taoist and Buddhist music, and “Puppet melody” of thread controlled puppets, the music of the opera displays a unique religious charm.Liyuan Opera

Quanzhou Liyuan opera is a rare and valuable opera in China, because it still preserves the characteristics of Southern opera from Tang and Song Dynasties.Originating in Quanzhou, it has spread to Taiwan and the Southeast Asian Countries in the footsteps of the emigrants from Quanzhou.Having preserved a large repertoire of southern opera from Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Liyuan opera has been called the “living fossil” of opera and is one of the oldest operas existing in China.Liyuan opera is sung by Quan melody.It has preserved a lot of important music from Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty and is closely related with the ancient music--Southern Tone.The music of Liyuan opera is mainly played by the bamboo flute and string music instruments.Nanyin(Southern Tone)

导游英语导游词 篇2

一、英语导游素质的基本要求

1. 品德素质

英语导游人员应具有爱国主义意识, 在为旅游者提供热情有效服务的同时, 要自觉维护国家利益和民族尊严, 遵纪守法。具有良好的社会公德、职业道德、爱岗敬业, 积极投身市场经济建设。

2. 文化素质

随着我国旅游业的不断发展, 海外客源市场不断扩大, 一些国家 (地区) 成为我国较为稳定的客源国 (地区) , 其中一些重要的客源国 (地区) 也成为我国出境旅游的主要目的地。因此, 英语导游人员应该掌握旅游目的地国家及客源国的文化背景知识;熟悉景点的历史背景及历史人物;地理知识及人文习俗。

3. 语言能力

中国成为世界第三大入境旅游目的地国和出境旅游消费国以后, 来自世界上以英语为母语以及能使用英语进行交流的游客来到中国旅行。英语是英语导游向游客传递信息和进行交流的工具。英语导游不仅要用准确流利的英语向游客准确传递景点信息而且还要具备与游客进行有效沟通的能力。因此, 对英语导游语言表达能力的基本要求为流利、准确、无跨文化交际障碍。

二、英语导游实务教学内容的创新

1. 良好的个性修养的培养

良好的个性修养是完成导游任务的重要前提。良好的个性修养主要包括爱国主义情感和职业道德感两方面。在教学过程中, 应该让学生将自己的爱国主义情感体现在导游讲解中, 在带团的过程中除了对中国旅游资源进行描述外, 还应该对自己的祖国满怀自豪感和尊严感。例如, 深圳是我国最早成立的经济特区之一, 英语导游在讲解深圳概况的时候, 应该将我国的改革开放政策设定为讲解的亮点, 从而提升国家形象。在职业道德方面, 课堂上教师要让学生意识到一定要在工作过程中杜绝不当行为, 如果导游在接待中强买强卖, 收取回扣, 索要小费或者与经营者串通欺骗、胁迫旅游者消费, 那么, 游客蒙受多少损失, 旅游业就会相应受到同量的声誉损失。发展旅游业必须坚决反对和阻止违反爱国主义情感、职业道德感的行为。

2. 跨文化交际能力的培养

英语导游的工作属性之一就是文化性, 传播本民族的传统文化和现代文明, 同时又吸收各国民族的优秀文化。英语导游实务是跨文化性很强的课程, 这就要求教师一改传统教学中把文化知识作为补充材料的教学模式, 应在传授必要的语言和专业知识的同时, 要加大对跨文化知识的传授, 把西方文化知识的传授作为重点。教师要将英语导游在实际工作中遇到的文化冲突方面的案例在课堂上与学生共同讨论并找出解决的方法。学生必须熟知客源国和目的地国家的概况, 了解其习俗, 才能处理好中西文化传统的差异。

3. 语言能力的培养

英语导游除了掌握英语语言本身的语音、语调、语法、词汇外, 还要掌握大量的专业术语。这就要求教师在课堂上帮助学生理解和运用教学内容中的专业术语。并鼓励学生阅读英文原版读物, 例如《旅游学概论》、《人文地理》等。

语言的准确性也是课堂教学强调的重点, 英语导游在使用英语时很容易受到母语的干扰, 这样会造成理解上的错误。例如, 一个导游在接机时很热心的想要帮助游客提行李, 他说“Please give me your bag”, 结果游客很纳闷的问了一句“Why?”。因为中文我们通常会说把你的行李给我吧, 我帮您拿, 而在英语中的理解是把你的行李归我所有。所以, 英语导游人员不但要有丰厚的英语知识还要在合适的场合, 准确地使用语言。

英语导游的实际交际能力也是重中之重。语言表达能力需要在实践中得以提高。教师可以通过模拟情景和导游比赛等形式来提高英语导游的英语语言表达能力。

三、结语

只有在教学中加强对学生的各项基本素质的训练, 才能培养出更多的高素质人才, 做到教育与社会需求的统一。只有高素质的英语导游人员才能给入境游游客提供高质量的旅游服务, 才能提升中国旅游市场在世界旅游行业中的形象。

摘要：随着旅游业的发展, 游客、旅行社对英语导游的语言能力和职业能力都提出了较高的要求。所以, 在英语导游实务课程的教学中, 全面提高英语导游的素质是该课程教学的重中之重。

关键词：英语导游实务,英语导游素质,教学内容创新

参考文献

[1]黄松山.导游服务学概论[M].中国旅游出版社, 2003

[2]徐婷.旅游英语教学改革初探[J].江苏经贸职业技术学院学报, 2008 (1)

浅析英语导游口译技巧 篇3

【关键词】英语导游；口译；技巧；思考

【中图分类号】H315.9【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1001-4128（2011）04-0069-02

1 概念

1.1 口译（Interpretation）:口译即口头翻译。是口译人员把听到的话经过自己头脑加工精制重新组织以后, 再通过口头的形式，把一种语言表达的思想内容用另一种语言来再现的一个过程，口译是一种特殊的口头交际手段，其任务是在不同语言、不同文化的交谈者之间发挥桥梁和纽带作用，使交谈双方感觉不到语言障碍而自由地进行思想交流。口译就其工作方式一般可分为即席翻译（consecutive interpretation）和同声传译（simultaneous interpretation）两大类。就工作性质而言，口译可以划分为外事翻译、军事翻译、商贸翻译、医学翻译、联络翻译、会议翻译、法庭翻译、技术翻译、展览翻译、导游翻译、生活翻译等。

1.2 导游:导游即引导游览，让游客感受山水之美，并且在这个过程中给予游客食、宿、行等各方面帮助，并解决旅游途中可能出现问题的人。导游分为中文导游和外语导游，英文叫Tour Guide或Guide。按照具体工作内容不同，可以分为领队、全陪、地陪。景点讲解员是也属于导游人员范畴的。本文是指英文导游。

2 英语导游的口译特点及其素质

2.1 口译特点

（1）即时性。 即时性即在场性。在旅游过程中，导游员要边听边分析整理、边组织、边表达。口译的即时性要求导游员在过程中注意力集中、思维敏捷、仔细观察游客。口译即时性特点需要导游员提前熟悉此次景点的导游词和相关的知识背景，提前预计外国游客所要提出的问题并准备好答案，也可以根据自己以往的经验结合现场情况对游客的问题进行即时回答。

（2）准确性。准确性是口译一项最基本的要求。对数字，人名，地名等的翻译尤其需要准确性。一个小小的失误将造成麻烦。旅游景点的详细描述，背景知识的介绍，相关文化的解说都是外国游客了解中国的直接途径，一旦口译中出了差错，中国的形象将会受到影响。

（3）复杂性。导游不仅要熟悉导游业务，而且要具备良好的自身素质，包括知识水平，心理素质，与人沟通的能力等。导游口译涉及的知识面广，覆盖面宽，“既包括历史文化知识和相关的理论知识，又包括与旅行游览相关方面的旅游常识，还包括广泛的国际知识等。”外语导游员还应掌握一些地方方言，在偏远山区能听懂当地人方言，进行翻译。在这些知识决定了导游员必须是上知天文、下知地理的通才，而且还要在导游过程中灵活运用这些知识。

（4）灵活性。由于旅游是以休闲为目的的活动，所以整个旅游过程中的口译也应该是轻松活泼的。在口译用词方面应尽量做到生活化，亲近化，以便游客和导游员之间愉快轻松地相处。而在面对来自不同国家、不同年龄、不同身份的游客时，英语导游也应该以灵活的方式来把握旅途过程中的气氛并合理安排行程。

2.2 英语导游素质

（1）思维敏捷、反映迅速、语言表达能力强。英语导游应在最短的时间内将话语经过记忆、贮存、理解、加工、归纳、总结等一系列过程，最终表达出来。英语导游必须思维敏捷、反映迅速、口齿伶俐、吐字清晰，用精确的语言把信息传递出去。

（2）记忆力出众。受时间的限制，英语导游不可能去查阅资料翻字典，这就要求英语导游在现场要有一个出众的记忆力。平时要大量地记忆词汇，成语、俚俗语和惯用语等，需要时才能信手拈来。特别是当陪同客人参观游览时，边走边说的客观条件使导游无法记录，导游从开始讲话到讲话结束就得运用记忆机制，全凭大脑的记忆力进行工作。如果英语导游没有一个出众的记忆力是无法胜任工作的。

（3）心理素质良好。在现场工作，紧张的气氛使得英语导游始终处在高度紧张的工作状态之中，英语导游工作时间长，连续几个小时的工作使得大脑疲惫不堪，又不能得到充分的休息。在这种情况下，英语导游要学会适应这种高强度的工作，学会调节自己的心态，能够边工作边休息，使大脑一直能在一个轻松的状态下工作。

3 英语导游的口译技巧

3.1 词汇的处理

（1）名称翻译。国内地名的译法很不统一。专家认为,旅游景点名称属单名最好照顾韵节和外国人的习惯读法, 把 “湖”、“山”、“园”等也同音译出。如岷江和漓江译做 Minjiang River, Lijiang River.旅游景点名称的比较可取的译法通常采用音译与意译相结合,一是汉语拼音名加意译名,意译名放在括弧里,即 Xiangbishan Hill（the Elephant-Trunk Hill）另一种就是在音译与意译名之间加一个or。例如, Xiangbishan or the Elephant-Trunk Hill, 九寨沟译为Jiuzhaigou Valley or Nine Villages Valley。但要注意,像峨眉山这样的名山,早已有公认的译名 Emei Mountain 或 Mt.Emei,所以不应译为 Emeishan Mountain。对于景点名的翻译,英语导游应尽量采用已有的、被广泛接受的译法。

（2）术语简化。尽量少用过于专业化的的词语。以故宫中的太和殿为例,英文翻译有 the hall of Supreme、Harmony、Supreme Harmony Hall等多种复杂而不容易为外国游客理解的术语。最近的the Throne Hall翻译就不错，简单易懂。但一味地讲究简洁而不能做到准确是不可取的，有人介绍秦始皇陵墓用了“tomb”,而不是“mausoleum”，虽然做到了简化，却不准确。因为普通百姓死后所葬之地为“tomb”，而帝王葬身之地是“mausoleum”。

3.2 句子的运用。

（1）疑問句和祈使句的使用。疑问句的使用是提出问题,增加游兴。例如:

A. Do you know how many steps there are from here to the top of the mountain？ I will tell you when we reach there.

B. Why is Cloisonné also called in Chinese“Jingtai Blue”？

祈使句有请求、命令、叮嘱、号召人们做某事的含义。导游员是旅游团队的指引者和保护者,他在提醒游客注意人身、财产安全时、在指引游客欣赏人文和自然风光时、在敦促或规劝游客行为时都会大量使用祈使句。如:

A. Please remember the bus number.

B. Do not drink unboiled water here because it might make you sick. C.Let`s head for the hotel. It`s about an hour`s ride. So please sit back and relax.

（2）简化复杂句子。在实际工作中，英语导游同国外游客是同处在特定的场景中的对话，要求以能被听懂、理解、无误解为准则。因此，导游语言应力图简明扼要、准确易懂。要尽量把冗长的各类从句分成一个个简单句，这样既简洁又易懂，不会引起游客的困惑。

（3）主干分清, 重点突出。在介绍旅游点时,常常要说明所处的位置,历史、人口、占地面积。一般而言,英语句子主从关系较多,层次极分明,次要成分多用分词短语或介词短语表示, 而汉语句子多用并列动词或并列成分,层次不很明显。例如:重庆位于中国西南部,面积8.24万平方公里,人口3107万,是国内外旅游胜地之一。Located in the southwest of China, Chongqing is one of the famous tourist attractions both at home and abroad, with an area of 82,400 square kilometers and a population of 3,107 million people.这样翻译就符合英语的行文习惯,主要信息用谓语动词表达,次要信息用非谓语形式表示。

3.3 修辞的使用。拟人，夸张，对比，重复等修辞手法的使用，其目的就是要使旅游活动生动活跃。常运用解释或对比的方法简化讲解内容。例如在介绍中国景泰蓝的一段文字，“It was developed during the reign of Emperor Chingtai of Ming dynasty ”外国人对中国的朝代大多不熟悉，因此加上解释 it was from 1450-1456 A.D.就会让讲解更易懂。

3.4 文化差异。由于中外文化差异很大,外国游客往往对中国老百姓人人皆知的情况不一定很了解。因此,讲解时要作一些解释,提供一些人文历史、风土人情等方面背景的知识,一是帮助他们理解,二是以唤起他们的兴趣。例如,把“三月三节”翻译成 San Yue San Festival 还不够,应该加上适当的解释,比如译成 The festival usually takes place on the third day of the lunar third month, when minority people, especially the young get together for folksong contest or making friends with each other.

导游口译是一门艺术，英语导游一定要下一番苦功练好它。一方面，必须自始自终以旅游者为出发点，立足传播中国文化，弘扬华夏千古文明；另一方面，导游还得加强翻译方面的理论素养，养成严谨的科学态度和具备坚韧的探索精神，多思勤问，多查各种资料，全方位提高自己的业务能力，只有这样，才能在口译工作中做到表达严谨、生动，用语准确，提高导游的服务质量。

参考文献

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英语导游词 篇4

¡¡¡¡Lijiang is a beautiful shining jewel on the Northwest Yunnan Plateau neighboring the southeast side of the Tibetan Plateau which is considered to be the “Roof of the World”.It is impressive because of its scenery and lush vegetation.±¾ÎÄÀ´Ô´:¿¼ÊÔ´óÍø ¡¡¡¡Lijiang boasts of breath-taking wonderful sights such as Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and its modern maritime glacier, the only one of its kind in the southern end of the Northern Hemisphere;Tiger Leaping Gorge;the world-famous grand canyon;Lugu Lake, the cultural cradle of the “Matriarchy” of the Yongning Mosuo people in Ninglang.Lijiang Town is officially called “Dayan Town”¡ª¡ª “Dayan” literally means a “great inkstab”, a graphic description of the town¡¯s location on a piece of rich flatland fed by a river and surrounded by green mountains.¡¡There is no other town in China like Dayan which incorporates the folkways of so many people and the architectural styles of both north and south China.¡¡¡¡The people of Naxi, while developing their land of snow-clad mountains and turbulent rivers since ancient times, have to their credit the “Dong Ba Culture” seen as one of the world wonders, a culture all-embracing while unique.¡¡¡¡All these natural sceneries and these cultural treasures of the minority peoples have been continuously drawing tourists from all over the world and have recently vote Lijiang as one of the favorite destinations in China.¡¡¡¡Notes: ¡¡¡¡1.Lijiang Àö½-2.Roof of the World ÊÀ½çÎݼ¹ 3.Jade Dragon Snow Mountain ÓñÁúѩɽ ¡¡¡¡4.Tiger-leaping Gorge »¢ÌøÏ¿ 5.Lugu Lake ãò¹Áºþ 6.Dayan Town ´óÑÐÕò ¡¡¡¡ ¡¡¡¡ ¡¡¡¡ ¡¡¡¡ ¡¡¡¡ladies and gentlemen , welcome to Fenghuang, the place where we“re arriving is ”one of the two most beautiful town in China“----the old town of fenghuang, ¡¡¡¡it”s a very important point that connects huaihua hunan and tongren guizhou together.and it“s the hometown of mr shengcongwen.¡¡¡¡ fenghuang has wonderful natural landscapes,it”s very hot for travelling since the old time.even a lot of teleplays were produced here.fenghuang is also a dradle for famous people ,shencongwen and xiongxiling are both spent their childhood here.¡¡¡¡now, let“s set out to enjoy these fantastic good views.¡¡¡¡ THE FORMER RESIDENCE OF SHENCONGWEN ¡¡¡¡This is the former residence of shencongwen,a very famous auther, archaeologist and historian in china.¡¡¡¡lined in the zhongying street in the south part of the fenghuang old town, the residence is a typical spacious ancient countryard with special tectonic style of ming and qing dynasty.walk into the yard, you can find that there is a small patio in the center of the countryard.which is built with red rock.around the patio , there are about 10 rooms which are small but decorated by special carved wooden windows.it”s so beautiful.¡¡¡¡ his countryard is built by mr shen“s grandfather in 1866 on dec.28,1902.shencongwen was born in the old countyard.and spent his childhood here.in 1917,when he was 15 years old, mr shen left family and joined the army.from 1917 to 1922, mr shen had lived with soildiers, farmers, workers and some other ¡¡¡¡ common people,and know their tragic lives.this special experience stunned up his enthusiasm of writhing.so in 1919, mr shen went to beijing alone, and began his hard writing.after his series of works WEST OF HUNAN &FRINGE TOWN were punished, mr shen became nation-wide well-known.at that time, he was even ¡¡¡¡as famous as luxun, another famous auther in chiese literature area.it”s said that shencongwen is the one who is the most possible to win the prize.¡¡¡¡mr shen devoted all his life to writing,his 5-million word works are though as the precious legacy to the world literature.meanwhile, these works are also very ¡¡¡¡veluable date for researching the history of hunan province and even china.¡¡¡¡this 100-years-old countyard was renovated in 1989.the 1st room on the right hane is for displaying mr shen“s photos.and what displayed in the 2nd room are mr shen”s handwritingarticles.at the left side,you “ll find a list of mr shen”s ¡¡¡¡work of different additions.in the center of the middle room.there is a mr shen“s line drawing hanging on the wall.the left fringle room is mr shen”s bedroom and another one on the right is full of marble desks and chairs.

导游英语导游词 篇5

五四广场

The May 4th Square is located.The May Fourth Square is backed by the City Hall building, south to Fushan Bay, 700 meters long from north to south, with a total area of 10 hectares.It is a modern style square full of lawns, fountains and sculptures.1919 Qingdao raised the issue of sovereignty “May Fourth” movement.In 1914, Japan replaced the German, and then proposed “The Twenty-one ” attempting to take long-term occupation of Qingdao, which caused strong oppositions from people across the country.In January, 1919, at the Paris Peace, when China attended as victors and claimed the sovereign of Qingdao, they were rejected by Western powers, and Qingdao was forciblytransferred to Japan.The news came out, the students in Beijing burst out protesting in May 4th.The government was forced refuse signing at Paris Peace, which smashing Japanese conspiracy of permanent occupation.In 1922, the sovereignty of Qingdao was recovered.Across the square is the City Hall, a tall and majestic building, facing south, simple and neat, serious and solemn.The south is square-mesh-shaped, meaning the rigorous style for the government.It has become a landmark building of Qingdao.Dryland lattice fountain is an underground fountain, hiding 8 rows 9 columns, a total of 72 dots, which can jet in different shapes and heights.Right in the center of the squar ,the red torch-shaped sculpture “ May Fourth Wind ” is the heaviest steel sculpture in the country.It weighs 700 tons, and is about 30 meters high, 27 meters in diameter.As a high wind arousing from land, this sculpture promotes the “May Fourth” patriotism spirit and encourages people to work hard.At the south sea of the sculpture is the first offshore 100-meter fountain in China.Adopting advanced high-pressure pumps, spewing water is up to 100 meters.Because the water is extracted directly from the sea, avoiding the corrosion and salinization of shore facilities and lawn fountain, it is designed at the 160 meters away offshore.West to the square is the Music Square.The center landscape the “Sail of Music, ” is a white tapered software sculpture tent, drawn by imported membrane structure, divided into two pieces, about 5 meters high, fixed by 15 anchor dots.The huge piano under the tent is commonly known as “The Piano King”.It must be played by two people at the same time.Every festival , the sound of music will haunt everywhere.The Fushan Bay in the front, is the place where held the Olympic Sailing Competition.Because of the exceptional conditions, this place was the first getting through audit of all single events.

桂林英语导游词 篇6

Everybody is good! I am the guide from guilin lijiang river, my last name is zhang, everyone call me xiao zhang. First of all, on behalf of our travel agency, I wish you all in this short day swim, can have fun, enjoy more beautiful scenery.

First well go to lijiang, small sit played li river bamboo raft. When you sit on board, to see a lot of small bamboo raft, is our customs of zhuang sang folk songs, I led, you follow me, there will be a lot of people to sing together. You know what the mountain people less myopia? Because ah, mountain far and high, often see the distant scenery, eyes wont myopia. Believe that watching the film liu sanjie must have a lot of friends, that is taken here, the clear water of the blue, blue, green, can clearly see the bottom of the stone.

The second stop: were going to the big banyan tree. The banyan tree it was said that there are hundreds of years old, and its wide spreading, tree a few dozen meters high, with dozens of meters long, roots and tree trunks were confused, with the title king of the banyan tree. On the way to the big banyan tree, and we are passing the moon mountain, distance, rain or shine of the moon waxing, nature is really amazing.

In the big banyan tree scenic area, we all go to the village for dinner. At noon, after dinner we went to play the last leg of today, the famous scenic spot elephant trunk hill. Why that name? Because the mountains look like an elephant, in front of the rocks stretching down, bent into a hole, like the nose, so it is called elephant trunk hill. We sat on the bamboo raft, you can enter the elephants nose hole, the inside is decorated with famous of guilin - osmanthus wine!

英语导游辞语体特征探析 篇7

一导游语言和语体

导游语言是旅游活动的交际工具。狭义意义上, 人们通常把导游语言解释为导游辞, 是导游人员引导旅游者游览参观时运用的讲解语言, ①是导游员同游客交流思想、向游客传播文化知识的工具, 也是吸引和招揽游客的重要手段。导游辞创作的宗旨是通过对旅游景观绘声绘色的讲解、指点、评说, 帮助旅游者欣赏景观, 以达到游览的最佳效果。从功能上看, 游客可以通过导游辞了解旅游目的地及景区的历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗、古迹名胜、风景特色等内容, 使自己在旅游活动中增长知识。此外, 导游辞语言的应用要言之有理、有物、有神……通过语言艺术和技巧, 给游客勾勒出一幅幅立体的画面, 构成生动的视觉形象, 把旅游者引入一种特定的意境。所以, 导游辞除了引导游客鉴赏、传播文化知识外, 还有陶冶游客情操的作用。因此, 导游辞在语言特征上应该具备口语化、知识性、逻辑性、美感性和现场感等一系列特点。②

在现代修辞学中, 有一个重要分支是语体学。“语体是在特定的交际领域, 通过有目的地选择语言材料而历史地形成的、全社会接受的言语功能变体。”③人们在运用语言进行交流交际时, 在表达方式上必然遵循某一表达规律。不同环境、不同对象、不同目的的差别决定了不同的表达方式。各种语体的不同特点和不同语体色彩, 都是通过语音、词汇、语法、修辞方式、篇章结构等语言因素以及一些伴随语言的非语言因素具体表现出来的。语体分为口头语体和书面语体, 其中口头语体包括谈话语体和演讲语体, 书面语体又分为法律语体、事务语体、科技语体、政论语体、文艺语体、新闻语体、网络语体等。作为导游语言的导游辞兼具口头语体和书面语体的特性, 表现出二重性的特征。

二书面英语导游辞和口语导游辞

导游辞包含书面导游辞和口语导游辞。书面导游辞一般是根据实际的游览景观、遵循一定的游览线路、模拟游览活动而创作的。④书面导游辞遵循书面语遣词用句的规范, 具有表达周密严谨、准确精练等特点。口语导游辞是以书面导游辞为基础, 在实际讲解中根据游客的实际情况, 对书面导游辞稍加调整与修饰后用于口头讲解的导游辞, 具有通俗易懂、朴实平易、亲切自然等特点。书面导游辞的创作初衷大多是为现场导游讲解用的, 因此往往从口语表达的角度出发, 而口语导游辞也是以一定的书面语言为基础。因此, 导游语言既有口语语体的特点, 又有书面语语体的特点, 导游语言和语体表现出二重性的特征。导游辞, 只有兼备口语和书面语两种风格, 才能满足导游的语用需要。⑤

书面导游辞在创作时与讲解对象无直接交际, 有充分的时间进行斟字凿句, 选择词语、调整句式、安排结构、运用修辞等, 使得导游辞在行文上协调顺畅、生动贴切。口语导游辞适宜现场讲解, 往往节奏和谐, 少用术语、文言词语、方言等生僻艰涩的词语, 多使用易于被大众接受又便于上口的常用词汇、口语词汇以及歇后语、成语、谚语等, 在句式上也避免使用长句、文言句式。在大多数情况下, 旅游者在听讲解的过程中没有参考文字资料, 所以只有讲解的语言浅显易懂, 才便于旅游者理解和接受。例如下面两段对桂林象鼻山的导游辞:

(1) Elephant Trunk Hill stands in the city of Guilin at the confluence of the Peach Blossom River and the Lijiang.When viewed from the southern bank of the Peach Blossom River, the hill looks like a giant elephant extending its trunk into the river.The trunk, eye, body and tail of the elephant are all perfectly outlined.Elephant Trunk Hill has been regarded as a symbol of Guilin.Many Guilin products use Elephant Trunk Hill as their trade mark.

(2) Please look at the whole hill, this is the elephant hill, our city symbol, the representative of Guilin’s mountain and water scenery, and the pride of Guilinese.It’s our“statue of liberty”, it is our“triumphal arch”.….Now please look at the whole hill, you will find a huge elephant standing at the confluence of Lijiang River and Peach Blossom River.It is drinking.Between the trunk and the body there is a huge arch…on half way up the hill, there is a hole, just like an elephant eye.⑥

第一段导游辞是书面导游辞, 第二段是导游员在具体讲解中的口语导游辞, 可以看出两者在词句使用上的差别。第一段书面导游辞用词更为准确形象, 如perfectly, outlined;句法上长句、复合句、简单句并用, 主动态、被动态共存, 句式多样, 可读性强。此外还用到了一些修辞手法, 例如比喻句the hill looks like a giant elephant, 拟人stands, extending its trunk into the river。从遣词造句和行文规范上, 可以看出作者对讲解景物做了较为客观和正式的描写和评价。第二段口语导游辞为即时讲解, 用词造句体现的是口语化的特征, 并突出现场感, 如please look at, it is..., there is...等指引性和描述性的表达, 句式以简单句、并列句为主, 将象鼻山比作“自由女神像”和“凯旋门”, 体现了导游员个人对讲解景物的热爱, 也明显表现出主观性和灵活性的特点。同时, 这样的对比也体现了导游辞的跨文化交际的特点, 从游客的知识背景和文化背景出发, 选择最易于他们接受和认可的角度。虽然两段导游辞在句法和用词以及语气上存在差别, 但可以看出第二段的口语导游辞是基于第一段的书面导游辞为蓝本和基础的。两者都传达了象鼻山的位置、外观形象、重要地位等信息。

在功能上, 导游辞一方面可供旅游者阅读, 另一方面可供导游人员讲解时使用。为使意义传达更有效, 口语导游辞在讲解过程中除了使用口语化、现场感的表达之外, 还有些书面导游辞无法呈现的语言特征: (1) 导游员需要使用“副语言”来完成讲解, 如根据讲解内容和讲解对象、讲解环境来调整音量、音调、语速、语气, 使导游人员讲解得绘声绘色, 对游客产生较强的感染力。 (2) 导游人员还需要调动态势语来辅助讲解。导游人员对面部表情、身体语言、服饰化妆等装饰语恰到好处的运用可以使导游人员讲解得更具体形象。 (3) 在导游员讲解中, 导游员恰当使用“方位语言”也很重要, 导游员的位置、与游客的距离等都传递着信息。这些都是在书面导游辞中不能体现但在口语导游辞讲解中需要运用的语言因素。

三英语导游辞语体的词汇特征

英语导游辞通常语言简单且信息丰富, 表达生动且忠实贴切。在词汇特征上通常表现为使用较多的简单词、形容词、形容词最高级、褒义词, 以及采用数字修饰等。

因为游客来自不同的文化背景和语言环境, 导游辞在创作和讲解过程中应尽量使用简单词汇, 即日常常用和容易理解的单词, 以最大限度地满足游客群体的需要。当涉及某些术语时, 适当的解释或换用简单词汇也有助于游客清楚无误地接收信息和感受导游辞承载的景物之美。如讲到云南石林景区时, 不得不提到Karst Landform (喀斯特地貌) , 为减少游客对Karst一词的迷惑, 通常会说到它的来历以及limestone (石灰石) 等相关词汇, 以使游客尽快明白讲解的内容。

导游辞的另一个特征就是大量使用形容词, 用精练生动的语言形象地呈现景物特征, 使口语导游辞的讲解对象在审美上得到升华, 使书面导游辞的阅读者身临其境。例如, 下面一句描写夏威夷的导游辞:Natural beauty, soothing clear waters, gentle warm winds, fragrant flowers and sparkling waterfalls define the landscape in Hawaii and draw you into a realm of peace and relaxation.⑦共用了7个形容词来描写夏威夷的自然之美。再如, 这一句描写云南的导游辞:Yunnan is a piece of enchanting and mysterious land with comfortable climate, charming landscapes, abundant resources, rich products, and colorful ethnic cultures.⑧此句中也包含大量的形容词, 并呈现出云南特有的神秘富饶和多彩多姿的形象, 其他常用的形容词还包含exotic, great, fresh, delicious, historic, old, unique, breathtaking, picturesque, famous, spectacular, popular, beautiful, excellent, exciting, scenic and magnificent等等。以上形容词都属于褒义词。导游辞中使用褒义词可以比较积极和正面地呈现景物的特征, 以满足游客旅行时的审美需求, 增强旅游目的地的吸引力, 以便吸引更多的旅游者前来参观游览。

导游辞中使用形容词最高级和数字修饰, 目的也在于最大化地呈现景物的特别之处, 使游客加深印象, 并起到强化景物形象的作用。例如介绍故宫时, 会突出其最大、保存最完好的宫殿特征。其他如the oldest, the highest, the biggest等表达也会在景物介绍中运用以突出其与众不同之处, 传达其观赏价值。数字修饰的采用也是为了使信息传达更加有效, 如Four Uniqueness of Huangshan (黄山四绝, 指的是奇松、怪石、云海和温泉) , 用four uniqueness概括了黄山的特色, 简洁精辟。

四英语导游辞语体的结构

一篇导游辞通常包含称谓语、开场白、正文、结束语四个基本部分, 这也是构成导游语言和语体的基本结构。

称谓语一般表示社交双方的关系, 表达一方对另一方的敬意。在运用时要符合得体原则、尊重原则、通用原则。⑨在这三个原则下, 称谓语大致可归为三个类型:交际关系型, 体现导游人员与游客的角色关系, 如dear group members, dear guests, 此类称谓角色定位准确, 宾主关系明确, 在导游辞称谓中使用较多;套用尊称型, 适用于各种场合, 对不同身份的游客都适用, 如ladies and gentlemen;亲密关系型, 体现导游与游客之间的亲近关系, 表现热情友好, 拉近双方的距离, 如dear friends。

开场白, 用在称谓语之后, 起表达问候、明确游览目的等作用。开场白形式多样, 或简略或抒情, 或引经据典或幽默风趣, 最终目的在于引起游客对游览对象的兴趣。

正文是导游辞的主体部分, 导游员要对讲解内容做主题分类, 如自然景观 (包括地质地貌景观、水体景观、生物景观、气象景观) 、人文景观 (包括历史类、民俗类、宗教类、园林类、文化娱乐类等) , 在讲解中要侧重突出景物的价值, 并引导游客进行审美体验, 要保证知识性和审美性兼具。例如, 如果是一篇介绍文物古迹的导游辞, 就要注意强调其历史内容, 突出其历史价值, 采用说明、论证等手法, 语言上既要有较强的知识性, 又要通俗易懂, 使游客易于理解。此外, 导游辞创作一定要讲究技巧, 特别是语言运用的技巧。一般要求根据导游辞语体特点, 充分考虑导游交际语境的特点, 依据具体讲解内容与主题, 巧妙地使用叙说法、缩距法、点化法等一系列技巧, 使导游的讲解收到最佳效果。⑩同时, 在英语导游辞中, 要充分考虑到游客的文化背景和知识背景, 采用他们易于接受的讲解角度和审美角度, 不能忽略导游讲解中跨文化交际的意义。

结束语是总结游览内容, 感谢游客合作, 征求游客意见和建议, 表达惜别之情, 表达祝愿的话语。虽然在实际操作中视情况表达重点、表现风格会有所不同, 但真挚的感情传达是结束语在导游辞构成中不可缺少的因素。

五结论

导游语言兼具书面语体和口语语体的特征。英语口语导游辞是基于书面导游辞加工而成的, 但两者在句法、词汇、修辞、篇章结构上存在一些差异。导游辞在语体结构上包含称谓语、开场白、正文、结束语等, 在导游辞写作和讲解过程中要根据讲解对象和讲解内容灵活调整语言和讲解技巧, 以使导游辞的信息传达和审美过程更有效果。

注释

115910韩荔华主编.导游语言概论 (第二版) [M].北京:旅游教育出版社, 2005:3、196、205、215

22 丁大刚主编.旅游英语的语言特点与翻译[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社, 2008:114

33 王德春.语言学概论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1997:241

44 云南省旅游发展委员会.导游业务[M].昆明:云南大学出版社, 2014:173

567 陈凌燕.导游英语语言特征及文体研究[D].广西师范大学, 2005:10、34

导游英语网络课程教学设计的分析 篇8

【关键词】任务型教学 网络课程 教学设计

随着天津经济的快速发展和国际影响力的不断提升，越来越多的外国留学生到天津各大院校来学习。为了全面提升天津市来华留学教育教学质量，打造我市留学生教育的国际品牌，我市高职院校正在启动一个重要教学改革项目——天津市来华留学英语授课品牌课程建设。信息时代的到来，计算机和网络技术所创造的学习环境的开放性、资源丰富性、交互性等优势日益受到教育领域的青睐。网络课程已成为职业教育的重要手段，互联网上丰富的资源和真实便捷的交际平台为英语教学开辟了新的方向。传统的课堂教学已远远不能满足教育国际化和信息化的要求，开发建设全英文英语网络课程是目前我市高职院校课程改革的重要课题，而教学设计是保证英语网络课程质量的重要因素。

一、网络英语课程建设的现状

网络课程是指通过网络表现出来的某门学科的教学内容和实施的教学活动的总和，它主要由教学内容和网络教学支撑环境两部分组成。随着英语学习需求的日益增长，国内外的许多教育机构纷纷开始建设网络英语课程和英语学习网站。目前，各种网络英语课程和英语学习网站数量浩如烟海，形式多样，为不同层次和不同需求的英语学习者提供了学习英语的各种的途径和丰富的资源。这些网络英语课程中有涵盖英语学习的听说读写译等各个方面，有具有针对性特点的学习资源，也有综合性的学习课程。以“英语学习网站”在搜索引擎上搜索到的学习网站中有综合的学习网站或学习社区，如；沪江英语网、可可英语网等。有只关注某一方面的英语网站，如普特听力网、英语写作网等；有各大培训机构开设的网络课堂，如新东方在线、英孚教育等。也有各大高职院校精品打造的网络英语精品课程，自建或者购买的英语教学系统等。从一定程度上反映出英语网络课程建设显现出蓬勃发展的趋势。

但是，这些网络英语课程和英语学习网站主要面向以英语为第一外语的中国学生，多采用中英两种语言呈现，课程学习内容主要为了迎合中国学生的英语学习需求，旨在提高中国学生的英语语言运用能力。然而，适合来华留学生的英语网络课程甚少。来华留学生的汉语基础薄弱，英语则成为课程网站的重要的语言工具，作为网络英语教学研究者，为我市来华留学生建设英语精品课程，开发全英文英语课程网站，推进我市英语教学的国际化发展是我们义不容辞的责任和使命。

二、导游英语网络课程建设的意义

围绕我校以就业为导向，以“培养具有创新能力、创业能力、创造能力，并同时具有国际意识、国际视野、国际标准的市场抢手的实用人才”的办学定位为要求，我校旅游管理专业主要培养专业基础扎实，实践能力强、思想素质高，具有较高技能和创新能力的从事国际旅游服务与管理的技术技能人才。导游英语课程是我校旅游管理专业的一门核心技能课程，是一门培养并强化“导游服务核心技能”专业必修课。导游英语网络课程是以计算机网络为媒介，更直观、更多样、更形象、更立体地呈现知识信息，能够给学习者创造更真实的学习环境，带来更愉快的学习体验，能够较为轻松地掌握知识与技能。它具有较强的实践性、交互性、丰富性和真实性。互联网作为庞大的信息资源库，具有更新快、容量大、易获取等特点，学习者能夠便捷获取到丰富的学习材料。网络课程中的学习材料主要来自真实的工作场景，具有形象化、立体化和生动化的特点，更接近真实情境。在网络环境下，学习者可以参与到更多的学习实践活动中，激发他们主动学习的积极性。导游英语网络课程的建设将会极大推进该课程的信息化教学进程，成为教师与学生课堂教学与课外自学的重要手段，提升信息技术环境下导游英语课程的教学效果。

三、基于任务型教学的导游英语网络课程教学设计

1.教学目标。导游英语网络课程的定位是“在计算机网络环境下开展的教与学的活动，为来华留学生和我国高职旅游相关专业学生和广大导游职业从业者和英语爱好者，提供一个教师教学、学生学习、教师与学生、学生与学生交互的导游英语课程全英文网络教学平台，培养学习者的个性化学习和自主学习能力。”导游英语网络课程基于任务型语言进行教学设计，学生通过完成任务来学习语言和技能。该课程是以中国文化为背景，依托天津旅游资源，以导游服务工作任务为导向组织教学过程，将中国文化、导游基础知识与导游实践紧密结合，培养学生掌握导游业务操作技能及语言运用技能，强调培养学生在旅游行业情境下的英语语言运用及语言技巧，提高英文导游讲解能力、独立带团、组织、管理旅游团队的能力。

2.设计思想。任务型语言教学是一种基于任务或是以任务为基础的语言教学途径。任务型语言教学强调“做中学，用中学”，强调学习活动和学习材料的真实性，学习活动以表达意义为主，强调以学生为中心。任务型语言教学注重真实且贴近实际的语言输入，强调创造语言习得必要的环境和条件，重视师生互动，更强调语言输出，通过完成任务的方式促进学生对于有关语言知识、语言技能和语言学习机制的掌握。因此，教师应该为学习者创造更多的机会去接触语言输入，能够有机会以口头或笔头的形式进行语言交际，促进他们更好地学习语言，促进学习者导游英语语用能力的培养与提高。该网络课程采用情境教学，在教学设计上依据导游带团服务流程开展各项能力训练，培养学生在导游活动中的职业能力和职业素养，从开始由接团准备、机场接团、沿途讲解、入店服务、协商行程、餐饮服务、景点讲解服务、购物服务、娱乐服务、处理各类突发事件，到顺利送团等一系列导游服务工作任务。在学习技能的同时，加深中国历史、旅游、美食、语言、戏剧、节日、习俗、艺术等文化的了解。

3.教学内容。该网络课程的内容表现方式和信息呈现形式上，以文本为主，加入图片、视频、音频、动画等多媒体构成学习内容，在模块设计上，该课程的网络课程设计涉及到学习管理、内容学习、课后练习、学习评价、学习资源、人际交互、课外拓展等各个方面，力求做到网络教学设计的系统性和完整性。在教学资源内容上，包括课程介绍、课程标准、教学进度、教学设计、教学课件、课堂录像、教学微课、实训录像、实训工作页、学生作品、电子教材、媒体素材、虚拟动画、考证指导等。在具体设计中，本着适用、简洁、高效的原则进行选择和组合。例如，对于导游服务教学情境的创设来说，使用图片、视频和动画更直观形象，对学习的刺激效果较为明显。教学任务的说明主要通过文本来实现，要对任务目标、要求、要点、步骤、预期效果等做出详细的说明；在背景知识中，利用视频配以简洁的文字介绍，降低学习者的认知难度；在任务完成过程中，要文本、视频、音频都有，以便学习者能够从多角度认识导游服务任务中的工作要领。该网络教学平台中的所有文本、视频、音频、虚拟动画教学资源均用英文表达，这就要求课程设计者有过硬的英语基本功和导游业务能力。

四、结语

天津市来华留学英语授课品牌课程建设是目前我市高职教学改革中的重要课题，而网络课程建设是核心任务，教学设计则是建设高质量网络课程的重要保证， 因此运用任务型教学指导导游英语网络课程教学设计对于整个网络课程的设计开发有着十分重要的意义。

参考文献：

[1]范佩芳.高职英语网络课程的教学设计分析[J].科教文汇，2007.

[2]魏肖鱼.大学英语网络课程中的任务教学设计研究[D].上海：上海外国语大学，2011.

[3]周化伟.多媒体与网络环境下的大学英语任务型教学法研究[D].吉林：黑龙江大学教育科学研究院，2010.