可爱的中国课文

2024-12-31 版权声明 我要投稿

可爱的中国课文(精选10篇)

可爱的中国课文 篇1

初到北大荒,我感到一切都不习惯。带去的几本书看完了,时间一长,觉得没意思。小丽好像看出了我的心思,笑嘻嘻地问我:“姐夫,呆腻了吧?我领你去散散心好吗?”

“上哪儿去?”

“到野地里去。不过你得紧跟着我走,俺这儿狼可多啦!”

我说:“去就去,你不怕,我还能怕?”

说走就走。小丽挎着个篮子蹦蹦跳跳地在前边引路,不多时就来到草塘边上。这么大这么美的草塘,我还是第一次看到,走了进去就像置身于大海中一样。浪花翠绿翠绿的,绿得发光,绿得鲜亮,欢笑着,翻滚着,一层赶着一层涌向远方。仔细瞧那浪花,近处的呈现鲜绿色,远一点儿的呈翠绿色,再远的呈墨绿色,一层又一层,最后连成一片,茫茫的跟蓝天相接。

我情不自禁地说:“这草塘真美啊!”

“那当然!”‘棒打狍子瓢舀鱼,野鸡飞到饭锅里’,你听说过吧。可惜你来的不是时候。要是春天,小草刚发芽,河水刚开化,藏了一冬的鱼都从水底游上来了。开河的鱼,下蛋的鸡,肉最香不过了!今年春天给你们邮的鱼干,一点儿不掺假,都是我用瓢舀的.。“

乍着小丽那自豪的模样,我故意逗她:“别光说美的,若是冬天呢,天天刮大风,冻得人出不去屋……”

“冬天?冬天更好玩啦!穿得像个棉花包似的,戴上皮帽子、皮手套,提着根棍子到草塘里去逮野鸡,追狍子。天越冷越好,冻得野鸡连眼睛都睁不开。它冷极了就把头往雪里扎,你走到它跟前,像拔萝卜似的,一下就把它拔出来了。别看狍子跑得快,在雪地就不行了,腿陷在雪坑里再也拔不出来,眼睁睁地让人逮!”

“哦,你这么一说,北大荒好得哪儿也比不上啦?”

“就是哪儿也比不上!”

“那你说说,现在怎么个好法?”

“你自己看嘛!给你一说就没意思了。”小丽知道我又逗她,故意关上了话匣子。

往前没走多远,就听到小丽喊:“快来呀,姐夫。”我跑到跟前,扒开草丛一看,是个不大的水泡子,水面上波光粼粼,仔细一看,挤挤挨挨的都是鱼。我不禁惊叫起来:“啊,这么多鱼!”连忙脱掉鞋袜,跳进没膝盖深的水里逮起来。筷子长的鲇鱼,手掌宽的鲫鱼,一条又一条不住地往岸上抛。小丽不住地往篮子里拾。我逮着逮着,忽然哗啦啦一阵水点儿落在我的脸上和身上。下雨了吗?我抬头一看,是小丽捣的鬼!她淘气地笑着:“你真是贪心不足哇,篮子都满了,再往哪儿装呀?”

我恋恋不舍地上了岸。小丽问我:“你知道这鱼是哪儿来的吗?”

“那还用问,有水就有鱼嘛!”

“我是问你这里有河没有?”

我举目四望,茫茫的一片草塘,哪里有什么河呀?小丽紧走几步,拨开眼前的芦苇。啊,一条清澈的小河奇迹般地出现在我的眼前,芦苇和蒲草倒映在清凌凌的河水里,显得更绿了;天空倒映在清凌凌的河水里,显得更蓝了;云朵倒映在清凌凌的河水里,显得更白了。

从课文中赏析中国古代女子形象 篇2

从诗三百中的《氓》到《汉乐府》中的《孔雀东南飞》,到三言二拍中的《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》,再到《红楼梦》中所节选的《林黛玉进贾府》,这些诗文中所塑造的女子形象都聪明、美丽、勤劳、善良、忠于爱情、反抗礼教……,为追求自己的幸福和人格的独立而努力抗争,她们不幸的人生留给人们的不仅仅是欷歔叹息,更多的是人性的光辉在这些女性身上闪耀。

《氓》中的弃妇“三岁为妇,靡室劳矣。夙兴夜寐,靡有朝矣。”可谓是贤妻的典范。《孔雀东南飞》中的刘兰芝勤劳、善良、能干,“十三能织素,十四学裁衣,十五弹箜篌,十六诵诗书”,十七岁嫁给焦仲卿为妻,夫妻情深意笃。在焦家,刘兰芝一面“奉事循公姥,进止敢自专”,一面“鸡鸣入机织,夜夜不得息”,称得上焦门有福。《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》中的杜十娘,生的花容月貌,与李甲 “一双俩好”,“久有从良之志”,希望“归见父母,或怜妾有心,收佐中馈,得终委托,生死无憾”,可惜抛却了她的一片真心。《红楼梦)中的林黛玉,是一个纯真美丽、才情服人的女子,她孤高自许、毫无矫饰、不慕名利、崇尚自然天真、追求自由、向往美好的爱情。有人赞言:“其爱情之诚挚,心底之之诚挚,心底之光明,品行之诚悫,胸怀之浩洁,真正不愧情界中人,抢恨而死,所以可伤(季新.《红楼梦新注》)。这些奇女子, 她们个个纯情至性,让人爱怜,使人尊敬。按理说,她们都应有幸福美好的生活,可为什么都遭遇不幸呢?在几千年的封建社会中,妇女被打入社会的最底层,把“三纲五常”作为封建社会的秩序法则,“在家从父,既嫁从夫,夫死从子”以及“妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功”的“四德”,是封建统治者为奴役妇女制定的道德规范,这些看不見的绳索成了摧残扼杀她们的罪魁祸首 。《氓》中的弃妇,虽生活在上古时代,家长制对青年男女婚姻的破坏性还未形成,然而,在恋爱和婚姻中男女的不平等已初见端倪。男子情感的不专一,是当时社会的默许,男权社会已经显现;刘兰芝的不幸,则是封建家长制的作祟,婆婆的好恶葬送了焦刘的幸福;杜十娘的不幸在于,没看对人是其不幸之一,但她低贱的 社会地位,决定了她与官宦子弟间的爱情终是浮云,门第观念是杀死她的最终筹码;林黛玉的不幸,证明了封建社会两情相悦的神话,不可能实现,也证明了女子的才华在当时社会得无用,封建门第观念根深蒂固,即使嫡亲外甥女,也被拒之于封建社会最高法则之外。所以梁祝化蝶的故事,只能是当时人们的一种美好愿望罢了。

《氓》中的弃妇也曾后悔“士之耽兮,犹可说也。女之耽兮,不可说也!”刘兰芝面对蛮横无理的婆婆,也曾忍辱负重二三年,杜十娘也曾等到最后一刻,觑见李甲面露喜色,才彻底绝望。林黛玉虽自怨自艾,但也希望那个疼她的贾母能成全她和宝玉,而不是利用“偷梁换柱”之计把她赶尽杀绝。倔强和不屈最终成为她们生命的主体,使她们的形象闪耀出夺目的光辉。《氓》中的弃妇终于愤而揭露丈夫的虚伪:当初“信誓旦旦”,现在竟然变心。“反是不思,亦已焉哉!"表示与氓一刀两断的决绝态度,毫无乞求与留恋之态。刘兰芝 “昔作女儿时‘生小出野里,本自无教训,兼愧贵家子。受母钱帛多,不堪母驱使”,这告别婆婆时的话语,柔中带刚,不卑不亢,从容镇定。“我命绝今日,魂去尸长留!揽裙脱丝履,举身赴清池”,更是义无反顾地以死向封建礼教和封建家长专制提出了强烈的控 诉,表现出“在天愿为比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝”的至死不渝的爱情观,杜十娘“宁为玉碎,不为瓦全,当她确知李甲把她卖与孙富之后,大骂李甲负心薄幸,“妾椟中有玉,恨郎眼内无珠”,怒沉百宝,身葬鱼腹。林黛玉明知爱情可能毁灭却执着坚守,虽多愁善感却坚强 不屈。“一年三百六十日,风刀霜剑严相逼”,就是她对冷酷无情的社会现实的控诉。“质本洁来还洁去”,表现出她不愿受辱被污、不甘屈服的孤傲不阿的性格。,以死捍卫了自己人格的尊严和爱情的纯洁,以死表示对压迫她的恶势力的反抗。

关汉卿在《窦娥冤》中,窦娥因蒙冤赴刑而发出对天地的怨恨,她指天斥地:“天地也!只合把清浊分辨,可怎生糊涂了盗跖、颜渊?为善的受贫穷更命短,造恶享福贵又寿延。天地也!做得个怕硬欺软,却原来也这般顺水推船!地也,你不分好歹何为地!天也你错勘贤愚枉做夭!”窦娥在绝望中愤然抗议,对天地鬼神的指斥,实际上是对当时黑暗社会的控诉、抗议,对封建法制、封建秩序的否定。窦娥临刑时的三桩誓愿,更是表现了她对自己蒙冤受刑的强烈愤怒和坚决抗争。关汉卿借窦娥之口喊出了对黑暗社会的 控诉,也表现了对封建社会女子的深切同情。 这些柔弱的女子,她们本可以苟且偷生,可她们没有,但她们却奋起反抗,在那个想做稳奴隶而不得的年代,女子 的命运又岂是把握在自己手中?

可我还是想借鲁迅先生在《记念刘和珍君》中的一句话——“我目睹中国女子的办事,是始于去年的,虽然是少数,但看那千练坚 决,百折不回的气概,曾经屡次为之感叹。至于这一回在弹雨中互相救助,虽殒身不恤的事实,则更足为中国女子的勇毅,虽遭阴谋秘计,压抑至数千年,而终于没有消亡的明证了”——为中国女性作了最好的诠释 。

可爱的地球课文教学设计 篇3

教学目标

1.理解地球的可爱之处,培养对地球的热爱之情

2.学会善意地看待事物,客观地评价事物

3.体会全文简练的结构和精炼的语言

教学过程

一.通过交流课前预习情况,导入课文

学生对地球、火星和金星介绍

二.齐读课文,理解文章内容

1.读课文,思考:为什么说地球是可爱的?它的可爱体现在哪里?

2.交流明确

从气温、四季的变更,昼夜的更替,重力的适中,气候的变化等方面阐明地球是适宜人类居住的乐土

三.再读课文,体会作者的感情

1.找出课文中相关语句,感受作者对地球的热爱之情

2.理解“虽然这个乐土不是全无**,优点却不容抹煞”“**”指什么?

3.齐读第一节和最后一节

四.学生质疑,师生答疑

五.课文总结

1.结构简练,思路清晰

2.语言精练,幽默

六.布置作业

体会地球是“微小、美丽而脆弱的星球”这句话,用一段话说说自己的理解。

少年中国说是几年级课文 篇4

呜呼!我中国其果老大矣乎?

梁启超曰:恶!是何言!是何言!吾心目中有一少年中国在。 欲言国之老少,请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往,少年人常思将来。惟思既往也,故生留恋心;惟思将来也,故生希望心。惟留恋也,故保守;惟希望也,故进取。惟保守也,故永旧;惟进取也,故日新。惟思既往也,事事皆其所已经者,故惟知照例;惟思将来也,事事皆其所未经者,故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑,少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也,故灰心;惟行乐也,故盛气。惟灰心也,故怯懦;惟盛气也,故豪壮。惟怯懦也,故苟且;惟豪壮也,故冒险。惟苟且也,故能灭世界;惟冒险也,故能造世界。老年人常厌事,少年人常喜事。

惟厌事也,故常觉一切事无可为者;惟好事也,故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照,少年人如朝阳。老年人如瘠牛,少年人如乳虎。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。梁启超曰:人固有之,国亦宜然。 造成今日之老大中国者,则中国老朽之冤业也;制出将来之少年中国者,则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道?彼与此世界作别之日不远矣,而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。使举国之少年而果为少年也,则吾中国为未来之国,其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也,则吾中国为过去之国,其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任,不在他人,而全在我少年。

八年级上册课文中国石拱桥读后感 篇5

又是“中国制造”,又是中华民族!这些普普通通却又不平凡的中国人,这些在天地万物面前显得微小却不渺小的中国人,将自己百击不倒的毅力,将自己千锤百炼的勤奋,将自己博大精深的智慧,将自己无坚不摧的力量,将自己坚定不移的信念……化作一颗明亮的星辰,永现于历史的天空!化作一篇宏伟的章节,永垂于历史的诗篇!

苏州园林、故宫博物院、万里长城、敦煌石窑……这些独特的建筑伟大而不可思议,它们凝聚了中华民族的智慧与力量。我们不能仅凭这些建筑来衡量一个民族,但是这些伟大而不思议的建筑却折射出中华民族的自强自爱,视角独特,坚忍不拔!

“长虹大桥”“武汉大桥”“鸟巢会馆”……世界人民又一次被中国现代技术和创造力所深深折服。从古至今,中华儿女用自己特有的性格,追求、气魄创造出无与伦比的宏伟 篇章,中华民族将永远屹立在世界民族之林!

另眼看课文 篇6

课文插图的准确性

“挑山工走路的姿势画对了吗?”

学《挑山工》这篇课文时,学生发现:课文介绍挑山工登山时为减缓坡度和避免物件触到台阶,要走折尺形路线。可插图上画的是—个挑山工挑着担子走直线登山的背影。

我表扬他观察很细致,是个伟大的发现!通过查阅资料,知道课文中的插图是幅水粉画,学过画画的人都知道,要是把水粉或者水彩画画得过于真实,那就会失去画本身的味道。插图只展示了挑山工朝着目标不断奋力登攀的形象。让读者更形象更真切地感知挑山工的艰辛、执着,才没有很好地兼顾图文的一致性。

孩子们对我的答复很满意。

思考:教材的绘画与装帧设计都要追求审美品位,配画应该色彩鲜亮而不刺眼,图文并茂,为儿童喜闻乐见。目前优质的绘本书便讲究图画的美感与视角上的效果,比如,如果图书是从左往右翻页,那么人物离开的方向也便是往右,以顺应人看事物的习惯。

表述的正确性

“落花生是花落了才钻进土里的吗?”

对照课文插图,学生质疑课文“预习”提示中的句子:“落花生这种植物有个有趣的特点,它的花落了,能钻进地里结出果实。”学生说这句话表达不准确,不是花落了钻进土里,而是它的子房特别大,像一根管子插入地里,把果实结在泥土里。相关资料是这样说的:花生开花受精三四次,子房柄就开始迅速生长。向上长到5至10毫米时,即向下弯曲,使尖锐的子房插入土中。通常开花、受精后的10天至15天,子房柄深入土中5至10厘米处就停止生长。这时,平卧土中的子房就开始胀大,最后形成荚果。因为它是地上开花、花落以后在地下结果的作物,所以也叫“落花生”。

思考:学生观察仔细,质疑有理有据。不仅课文介绍事物特点、性质的说明性文字,应该科学、严谨,反映科学的真实,不给读者产生误导,除课文以外的其他文字材料或编者所写的文字,教材中的每个词、每句话、哪怕是每个标点,都要准确无误,使其真正成为学生学习语文的范例。

文章逻辑的合理性

“海力布之前怎么能听到小白蛇的救命声?”

学习《猎人海力布》,有孩子发现了这样一个问题:海力布是在救了小白蛇以后,龙王为了报答他才送给他宝石的,然后他才能听懂动物们的语言啊。为什么还没有得到宝石就先听到了小白蛇的呼救呢?这不符合逻辑。

我的处理:孩子们,我发现你们越来越聪明,越来越善于推理啦!这确实是故事不符合逻辑的地方。在没有宝石之前,如何具备听懂动物语言的特异功能呢?但是显然,它并不影响我们对这个故事的喜爱,对吗?我们依然爱海力布的勇敢,佩服他自我牺牲的精神,是不是?这让我想到了你们都熟悉的故事《灰姑娘》。大家想一想在这个故事中有什么不合理的地方吗?(学生议论了一会)一个学生站起来说:“老师,我知道了,午夜12点以后所有的东西都要变回原样,可是,灰姑娘的水晶鞋没有变回去。”是啊,你们看,伟大的作家忽略了这个小小的细节,但是这个故事依然是那么经典,依然流传于世。

同样存在类似质疑的还有课文《鹬蚌相争》,课文插图显示鹬的嘴正被蚌紧夹着,这时鹬怎么能生气地说:“今天不下雨,明天不下雨,让太阳晒死你!”呢?还有,蚌正夹着鹬的嘴,怎么能毫不示弱地说:“今天不放你,明天不放你,我看你也活不成!”呢?这一开口不就像《乌鸦和狐狸》那样,自动放走了口中的“肉”吗?

我高度赞扬这位同学后,和孩子们兴致勃勃地讨论,最后得出结论,鹬和蚌说的这些话应该是他们心里想的,得把教材改一改。

思考:一方面,课文在追求艺术性和教育性的同时,还应该注意图文表述的严谨性和逻辑性。但语文是形象的思维,所以即使发现逻辑上有不周全的地方,人物形象也不会被弱化。教师要引导学生将注意力放在对人物形象的关注上。肯定学生的发现,肯定读书细致的习惯和思维的周密!不同的课文可以采取不同的处理办法,比如第二个案例,我和孩子们一起讨论得出结论,教材应该改一改,将鹬和蚌说的这些话改成他们心里想的,就更合理了

“敌人闻不到邱少云身上燃烧发出的浓重的棉布焦味吗?”

学习《我的战友邱少云》,学生问:“战士离敌人这么近,而邱少云身上燃烧发出的浓重的棉布焦味,不会使敌人起疑心吗?”;还提出“火势这么猛,作者与邱少云又这么近,这火为什么只烧在邱少云身上呢?”。在这样的情况下,我不但表扬提问的同学,还让学生通过思考明白:战场上硝烟四起本来就不是气味4t--的场所,或者枯树枝燃烧的气味掩盖了棉布的焦味和人体燃烧的气味;火势受风势的影响,没有烧到作者身上。在质疑一明理的过程中,学生的思维被激活,不仅深入理解了课文,还点燃了智慧的火花。

文章的立意

“讣猴子拣好的东西拿,这也没有错呀!”

《小猴子下山》讲小猴子下山拿玉米,见到桃子,便丢了玉米摘桃子,见了西瓜。又丢了桃子抱西瓜,见了野兔,再丢了西瓜追野兔。结果,兔子没抓着,只好空着手回家去。我引导学生揣摩:“如果你是这只小猴子,你会怎么想?”目的是说明三心二意,会什么事也做不成,这也是课文的主旨。但是,有的小朋友感受却不一样,他们说:“小猴子拣好的东西拿,这也没有错呀!”

我没有批评小朋友说得不对,反而觉得时代发展了,这样的评赏符合“择优”的现代价值规律,我在赞扬小朋友说得有道理的同时,提醒他:得到的东西应该珍惜。

思考:“教师要有与时俱进把握文章主旨的意识,不要用统一的主旨去固定学生思维,教师要做的是引导学生思考。培养学生哪怕是一丁点儿的哲学思考的意识。

课文中的是非观

“更赢不爱护小鸟好残酷!”

《惊弓之鸟》这篇课文最后一节是更赢对魏王说的话,说明了能射下大雁的原因。教学时,我让学生反复诵读,鼓励学生大胆说出自己对更赢这个人物的看法。学生各抒己见,有学生提出了独特的感受:“我觉得更赢的所作所为不值得称赞,因为他缺少人道主义。他明明知道那只受伤的鸟不能再受惊吓了,但为了在国王面前显示自己的高明,又故意拉动弓弦,使那只可怜的鸟又一次遭受精神上的打击,摔落在地上。鸟是人类的好朋友,更赢的做法有点残酷无情。”

这样的感受课文上是没有的,但他能大胆地说出自己的独特见解,且言之有理,我欣喜万分,在充分肯定他的同时,这样向他解释:“时代发展了,人们的观念也发生了很大的变化,现在我们

是很注意保护小动物。但是这是发生在几千年前的事,当时的人们可能还没有认识到人与动物相互依存的关系,没有形成保护环境,爱护小动物的意识,是受时代的局限,我们只能原谅他噢!”

“渔夫的胜利不是建立在对魔鬼的欺骗之上吗?”

《渔夫和魔鬼》中的渔夫勇敢镇定,充满智慧,是正义力量的代表;魔鬼凶残狡猾,卑鄙愚蠢,是邪恶势力的化身。故事通过渔夫这个形象,歌颂了劳动人民的智慧和力量;通过魔鬼这个形象,揭露了敌人的残暴和愚蠢。这是作者选编这篇课文的意图所在。

但有学生提出渔夫用智慧战胜了魔鬼,但渔夫的胜利是建立在对魔鬼的欺骗之上的,是不诚信的。对魔鬼还用得着讲诚信吗?有老师肯定会这样反驳。但我没有这样简单地扼杀孩子的独特见解。

我的处理:渔夫的“欺骗”发生在什么样的环境之下?如果不采取这样的办法,后果会是怎么样?在作恶多端的坏人面前,我们应该讲诚信吗?渔夫还有没有更好的办法?学生的思维空前活跃,他们都在积极开动脑筋给渔夫想办法……

“刘备用得着隔那么远就下马步行吗?”

在教学时,学生对“刘备三人第三次到隆中时,离诸葛亮的草屋还有半里多地,刘备就下马步行”这一做法提出了不同的意见,有的认为这样做很不值得,因为他们这样做,诸葛亮是不会知道的,何必走那么多的冤枉路:有的认为这样做很值得,因为他们这样做并不一定要诸葛亮知道,他们是在表达自己的诚意。学生经过一番争辩,明白:社会在发展变化,人们看待事物的标准也有所不同。现代人讲究办事效率,而“三顾茅庐,刘备离诸葛亮草屋还有半里多地就下马步行”的做法。恰恰是刘备求贤若渴的表现,恰恰体现了诸葛亮在刘备心中的地位,“千军易得,一将难求”嘛!学生在争辩的过程中,既深刻领会了文章的中心,又锻炼了求异思维。

最后我补充说:“古时候很多人为成就大业,往往会不惜一切代价找寻贤才名士,他们为了体现诚意,特别讲究礼仪以示尊重。历史上留下了很多这样的佳话,比如“周公一沐三握发,一饭三吐哺”?曹操在诗中吟唱“我有嘉宾,鼓瑟吹笙。”孩子们兴味盎然,一致要求我讲这些故事给他们听……

听完故事,孩子们对课文的立意理解更为透彻。

思考:教材选文大多洋溢着浓郁的时代气息,饱含着现代人应有的价值观,反映时代的进步和时代的精神;让学生逐步形成符合时代精神的价值观念。但选文也仍然保留了中国几千年来的优秀传统文化故事,其中的某些精神价值是随着时间的流逝也不会退步的,传统中的精髓应该“继承”。

叶圣陶先生说过“课文无非是个例子”,是教师实现培养目标、促进学生发展的凭借。当前的语文教材在时代性、趣味性、人性化上都不断在做调整,但仍存有瑕疵。学生会用他们特有的目光去发现和解读课文,我们教师在遵循高效的课堂教学规律的同时,也要鼓励学生对课文大胆质疑,大胆的批判,以另一种眼光来看待课文,就必然会祈祷源于文本而又高于文本,凭借文本而又超越文本的效果,使课堂教学充满生命活力和创造激情,从而提高课堂教学的效率。

英语(二)课文辅导:课文译文 篇7

20英语(二)课文辅导:课文译文

课文译文

采用机器人技术提高工业效率

机器人在所有发达国家的工厂和其他工业生产部门日益普遍得到应用;机器人通过编

制程序和策划在无人干预的条件下完成工业生产任务。

目前多数机器人用于汽车工业,它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆

这一类的工作。机器人还可以用来装卸用于铸造轿车和卡车框架的机械中的炽热、笨重

的金属铸模。

除了已在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外,机器人也开始出现在别的工业部门,虽然应

用的程度低一些。在那里机器人制造电机、小型器具、袖珍计算机甚至手表等。在核电站

使用的机器人处理放射性材料,避免人员接触放射性物质。这样的机器人在这一新工业中

用来减少职业性伤害。

是什么东西决定一个自控装置是机器人而不是一个自动化机器呢?机器人与自动化机

器不同之处在于机器人完成某一特定任务后,可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。

例如,做电焊工作1个月后,可以重新编制程序而转成下个月做喷漆工作。反之,自动化机

器不能有多种不同的用途,它只是被制造成执行一项任务。

下一代机器人将有视觉和触觉功能,并且能够做出关键性的决策。在微电子学和计算机

技术上有专长的工程技术人员正研制机器人的人工视觉。机器人有了“看”的能力便能

在一堆不同类别的物体中辨别和检查出某一特定物体。有一种机器人的视觉系统使用多

排光敏材料的数字电子摄像机当一个物体(如机器零件)上的光线照射到摄像机上时,

光敏材料能测量光的强度并将光线转变为一系列数字。这些数字是灰度系统的一部分,

该系统以数值表示亮度。有的灰度范围为0一15,有的灰度范围为0一255。0代表黑色,

而最大的数值代表白色。中间的.数字代表不同的灰色程度。然后由计算机计算,并将数

字转换成一幅表示该物体形态的图像。迄今尚不清楚机器人会不会有朝一日具有人眼那

样的视力。技术人员相信机器人会做到这一点的,但需要若干年的研究。

从事其他先进技术研究的工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型金属手与手指,赋予机器

人以触觉。还有的工程技术人员编制新的程序使机器人能确定诸如是否要报废成品中有缺

陷的零件。要做到这一点,机器人还应能识别哪些零件有缺陷。

具有触觉、视觉并能决策的未来机器人将要做许多工作。它们可用来海底探矿或进入

对人危险的矿井深区。机器人还可充当汽车加油站的服务员、消防员、勤杂工以及保安人

员等。任何想要了解未来工业的人必须要了解机器人。

四. Text B Predicting Earthquakes

New Words

earthquake n. 地震

warning n. 警告;警报

a. 警告的

forecast vt. 1.预测,预报;2.预示

giant n. 1.巨人;2.巨物,巨大的动物

a. 巨大的

shift vt./vi. 替换;转移

n. 1.转换,转移;2.轮班

fault n. 1.缺点,毛病;2.错误,过失;3.[地]断层

seismic a. 地震的

precede vt. 先于…,比…优先

vi. 在前面,居前,领先

radon n. 氡

decay vi. 1.腐朽,腐烂;2.衰败;3.[原]衰变

vt. 使腐朽,使腐烂

n. 1.腐朽,腐烂;2.衰败

radium n. 镭

underground a. 1.地下的;2.秘密的,隐蔽的

ad. 1.在地下;2.秘密地,隐蔽地

speculate vi. 思索;推测(on / upon, about)

vt. 1.投机;2.思索,推测

subside vi. 1.沉淀;2.沉降,下沉;3.平静下来,

平息,减退

datum([复]data) n. 1.资料,材料;2.数据

reliability n. 可靠性

partial a. 1.偏袒的,偏心的,对…偏袒(to);2.部分的,不完全的

up-to-date a. 1.最新的,现代化的;2.直至目前的

analyze vt. 分析

eastern a. 1.东方的,东部的;2.向东方的,来自东方的

Phrases and Expressions

to work on 1.从事…;2.对…有影响

to set up 1.设立,建立;2.建立,提出

on the alert 警戒,处于戒备状态

(以下重点词汇与词组分别与上面标蓝单词及词组链接)

可爱的中国课文 篇8

第一单元

一二三四五,金木水火土,天地分上下,日月照今古。

云对雨,雪对风。花对树,鸟对虫。ft清对水秀,柳绿对桃红。

(《对韵歌》)

第四单元

天气凉了,树叶黄了,一片片叶子从树上落下来。天空那么蓝,那么高。一群大雁往南飞,一会排成个“人”字,一会排成个“一” 字。啊!秋天来了!(《秋天》)

弯弯的月儿小小的船。小小的船儿两头尖。我在小小的船里坐,只看见闪闪的星星蓝蓝的天。(《小小的船》)

江南可采莲,莲叶何田田。鱼戏莲叶间,鱼戏莲叶东,鱼戏莲叶西,鱼戏莲叶南,鱼戏莲叶北。(《江南》)

草芽尖尖,他对小鸟说:“我是春天。” 荷叶圆圆,他对青蛙说:“我是夏天。” 谷穗弯弯,他鞠着躬说:“我是秋天。”

雪人大肚子一挺,他顽皮地说:“我就是冬天。”(《四季》)第五单元

远看ft有色,近听水无声。春去花还在,人来鸟不惊。(《画》

【唐】王维)

一个大,一个小,一只黄牛一只猫。一边多,一边少,一群鸭子一只鸟。一个大,一个小,一个苹果一颗枣。一边多,一边少,一堆杏子一个桃。(《大小多少》)

五星红旗,我们的国旗。国歌声中,徐徐升起。迎风飘扬,多么美丽。向着国旗,我们立正;望着国旗,我们敬礼。(《升国旗》)

第六单元

谁的尾巴长? 谁的尾巴短? 谁的尾巴好象一把伞? 猴子的尾巴长。兔子的尾巴短。松鼠的尾巴好象一把伞。谁的谁的尾巴弯? 谁的尾扁? 谁的尾巴最好看? 公鸡的尾巴弯。鸭子的尾巴扁。孔雀的尾巴最好看。(《比尾巴》)

第八单元

下雪啦,下雪啦!雪地里来了一群小画家。小鸡画竹叶,小狗画梅花,小鸭画枫叶,小马画月牙。不用颜料不用笔,几步就成一幅画。青蛙为什么没参加?他在洞里睡着啦。(《雪地里的小画家》)

日积月累

一片两片三四片,五片六片七八片。九片十片无数片,飞入水中都不见。

鹅鹅鹅,曲项向天歌。白毛浮绿水,红掌拨清波。(《咏鹅》骆宾王(唐代))

一年之计在于春,一日之计在于晨。一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。

锄禾日当午,汗滴禾下土。谁念盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。(《悯农诗》其二 唐李绅)

早晨起来,面向太阳。前面是东,后面是西。左面是北,右面是南。

小时不识月,呼作白玉盘。又疑瑶台镜,飞在青云端。(《古朗月行》〔唐〕李白)

种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。前人栽树,后人乘凉。千里之行,始于足下。百尺竿头,更进一步。

解落三秋叶,能开二月花。过江千尺浪,入竹万竿斜。(《风》唐·李峤)

课文原文填空

1、(()()()()(),金木水()()()。())分()()。()照今古。

2、()对(),雪对风。花对树,()对()。()清对()秀,柳绿对桃红。

3、()气凉(),树叶黄(树(),一片片叶()())落()来。天空那么蓝,那么高。一群大雁往南飞,)字。啊!秋天()一会儿排成个()字,一会儿排成个(()。

4、弯弯的((()两()()()()的船,()()()。)()的船)坐,)尖。我()的船()看见闪闪的星星蓝蓝的(5、江南()采莲,莲叶何(莲叶()()。鱼戏莲叶间。鱼戏),鱼戏莲叶()。

6、远看(()()()色,近听()()()无声。春()花还(),)惊。

7、草芽尖尖,他()()()说:“()()春()。”

8、一个(边(),一个(),一()黄牛一()猫。一),)一边(),一群鸭子()()()。一个(一个(),一个苹果一颗枣。一边(),一边(),一堆杏子一个桃。

9、我的()()包,宝贝真()()。课本作业本,铅笔转笔()。()课静悄悄,()课()乱跑。()()起得(),陪我()学校。

10、()()明,(尘。((()()男。()()尖,()())人(),()()众。双木()不成众,独(),三()森。)()条)()不成林。众(),黄()变成金。

11、()星红旗,()()()国旗。国歌声(),徐徐升起;迎风飘扬,()么美丽。向着国旗,我们()()。

“略读课文”教学策略 篇9

教学这三类课文,首先要明确教材的编排意图。例如略读课文的设置,主要是在学习精读课文的基础上,培养学生“快速阅读”的能力。课程标准明确要求第二学段开始“学习略读,粗知文章大意”,到第三学段对阅读速度就提出了具体的数量规定,要求每分钟不少于300字。

笔者在听课中发现,目前“略读课文”教学中存在的问题比较突出,主要表现为“两个极端”:一个极端是“大包大揽”,把略读课文当成了精读课文来教,从整体感知到精读体会,从学习字词到体会句子,从分析内容到总结写法,面面俱到,结果“略读、速读”的能力没有得到很好地培养。另一个极端就是“大放手”,只是让学生把课文简单地读一下就算完成教学任务了,结果学生学得怎么样老师心中无数,无法促进学生读书能力的提高。

笔者认为,“略读课文”的教学最好的策略就是“略而不虚,引而不牵”。所说的“略”主要有“三略”:一是识字上要略。略读课文中的生字都属于“二类字”,这些字大多在文中标有拼音,学生会读、不影响阅读就行了,不必把这些字拿出来反复地识记。二是词语的处理上要略。比较起精读类课文来说,略读课文对词语的理解就要相对淡化一些。例如三年级下册《秦兵马俑》一课有大量的生僻词语,如“惟妙惟肖、规模宏大、鸟瞰、享誉、铠甲、所向披靡、统率、颔首低眉”等等,这些词语要是一一地去精确理解并说出它们的意思,读书的时间又会大大减少。略读课文中出现的新词学生只要能够正确地读下来并在心里“粗略”地领会它们的意思就可以了。譬如“惟妙惟肖”这个词语,学生一般都能联系上下文知道是“很像”的意思,没必要让他们记住“指描写、绘画或雕塑等艺术形象非常逼真”这样一个准确的解释。三是思想感情的体会与表达方法的研究要略。对精读课文来说,抓住重点句段深入体会作者的思想感情并学习其中的写作方法是非常重要的,但是作为略读课文来说就不必在这方面过于细腻,学生只要大板块、粗线条地“了解”课文的思想内容和篇章结构就可以了。

我们说的“不虚”,就是要避免把略读搞成“草草了事读”,略读课文依然要体现扎扎实实的语文基本功训练,使学生在阅读、表达、应用等方面有实实在在的收获和提高。譬如《秦兵马俑》一课的教学,可以安排几个回合的略读、速读,每一回合的略读都要提出具体的学习要求,每一个要求都要尽量面向全体学生扎实训练。第一回合可以让学生快速阅读,说一说自己了解了秦兵马俑的哪些情况,主要着眼于粗略了解兵马俑的位置、规模、种类、数量、背景史料等方面的情况,培养学生快速摄取、过目不忘的能力。第二回合可以让学生快速阅读,说说课文介绍了秦兵马俑的哪几方面特点,主要着眼于迅速感知课文思想的能力。课文中有一个过渡段集中概括了秦兵马俑的三个特点,即“规模宏大、类型众多、个性鲜明”,学生抓住了这一段中的三个关键词语,也就抓住了作者所要表达的主要思想情感,这也是快速阅读的一种好方法。第三个回合可以让学生快速阅读,找出自己最感兴趣的部分,着眼于促进学生的个性化阅读。在此基础上以小组合作的形式朗读展示自己最喜欢的段落,尽情享受读书的快乐。除此之外,还可以鼓励学生提出自己的疑难问题,并在小组内讨论交流,从而培养学生自主探究能力。当然,略读课文的教学不应该仅仅局限于读,也可以结合课文内容设计一些小练习,拓展学生的思维,培养学生的创造能力。如《秦兵马俑》第八自然段中细致描写了四种兵马俑的不同神态,而这一段的前面讲这些兵马俑“仔细端详,神态各异”,因此可以启发学生想像再写一种兵马俑的神态,以此培养学生的想像力和创造力。

可爱的中国课文 篇10

Writing Three Thank-You Letters I.1.2.3.4.Teaching objectives Students will be able to : understand the main idea and the structure of the text;learn to memorize words in association;grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.II.Text Summary

This passage tells a story about Thanksgiving Day.Alex Haley served in the Coast Guard and began to make serious thoughts to the Thanksgiving Day that would become.At last, Haley decided to write three very special letters in order to express his thanks.The replies made Haley not only excited but more humbled than before.At the same time he came to realize something important about life.课文概述:课文讲述了一个关于感恩节的故事。亚历克斯〃黑利在海岸警卫队服役,在感恩节来临之时,他开始认真思考这个节目。最终,他决定写三封特别的信来表达他的谢意。回信让黑利既感动又深感谦卑,同时,也让他感悟出了一些生活的真谛。

III.Text Analysis

We all want to expand our English vocabulary.An effective and efficient way is to memorize English words and phrases through association maps.Experiments have proved that it is much easier for human being to memorize things in meaningful groups than isolated items.First of all, we put a central idea or a key word in the middle of the map, e.g.“ship”.Then we draw a cobweb structure around “ ship”.One branch may be the names of different parts of a boat, like “hold”, “cabin”, “afterdeck”, “deck”.Another branch may be the various types of people on board the ship, like “ coastguardsman”, “sailor”, “seaman”, “shipmate”.Still another branch may be verbal phrases related to a ship, like “ put to see”, “be under way”, “be at sea”.This cobweb can keep growing.Everyone once in a while we redraw it , and we may find that it has grown in size, because we are better at association and our word power is stronger.Of course , there are other methods of improving vocabulary memorization.For example, when you see a new vocabulary item, you’d better read it aloud, pronounce it correctly, and spell it on a sheet of paper.By using eyes, mouth,ears , and hands together, we mobilize parts of our brain , thus keeping a longer memory.1.Thanksgiving : Thanksgiving is celebrated in the US on the fourth Thursday in November.For many Americans it is the most important holiday apart from Christmas.Schools , offices and most businesses close for Thanksgiving, and many people make the whole weekend a vacation.Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to North America.In 1620 the ship the Mayflower arrived, bringing about 150 people who today are usually called Pilgrims.They arrived at the beginning of a very hard winter and could not find enough to eat, so many of them died.But in the following summer Native Americans showed them what foods were safe to eat, so that they could save food for the next winter.They held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans for the fact that they had survived.Today people celebrate Thanksgiving to remember these early days.The most important part of the celebration is a traditional dinner with foods that come from North America.The meal includes turkey, sweet potatoes(also called yams)and cranberries, which are make into a kind of sauce or jelly.The turkey is filled with stuffing or dressing ,and many families have their own special recipe.Dessert is pumpkin made into a pie.On Thanksgiving there are special television programmes and sports events.In New York there is the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade, when a long line of people wearing fancy costumes march through the streets with large balloons in the shape of imaginary characters.Thanksgiving is considered the beginning of the Christmas period, and the next day many people go out to shop for Christmas presents.感恩节:

在11月的第四个星期四这一天,美国会庆祝感恩节,这一节目被认为是除了圣诞节以外最重要的节日。感恩节可追溯到年欧洲人首次来到北美洲。“五月花”号轮船载着大约人在一个严寒的初冬来到北美。他们找不到可以吃的东西,有些人饿死了,由于当地美洲人告诉他们哪些是安全的食物,他们储藏这些食物到来年才得以幸存。因此,他们用盛大的庆祝活动感谢上帝和本土美洲人。在感恩节这天,人们准备一些传统食物,包括火鸡、红薯和南瓜饼,而且,人们可以欣赏特别的电视节目和体育运动。

2.the Pilgrims: the 102 English people who sailed to America on the Mayflower in 1620.Their group included 35 Puritans whose aim was to create a safe religious community in the New World.The Pilgrims probably landed at Plymouth Rock, and they established Plymouth Colony.3.Native Americans: Native Americans were living in North America for many hundreds of years before Europeans reached the continent.For a long time white people called them Indians.Today many people do not like this name since it is based on a mistake: it was giving to the people living in the Americas by Christopher Columbus who, when he arrived there, thought he had landed in India.Instead , people prefer to us to use the term Native Americans.4.the United States Coast Guard: the US military service that is controlled by the US Department of Transportation but becomes part of the US Navy during a war.drugs and other illegal goods, and can make arrests.It also keeps watch to see that other laws of the sea are obeyed, rescues ships in danger and has a weather service.VI.Language Study

1.under way:in motion or operation, having started and making progress 航行中;进行中;起步,启动(常写成underway)e.g.The nationwide medical reform is now under way.Economic recovery in our country is already under way.我国经济已经开始复苏.The film festival gets under way on 11th July.电影节将于7月11日开幕.Preparation for the 100th anniversary celebration are now well under way.2.see: be the time when an event happens(时代等)以……为特点;经历

e.g.The last two years have seen dramatic changes in this city.这座城市在过去两年发生了巨大的变化.These islands have seen a lot of history.这座岛屿是许多历史事件的见证.比较: witness v.见证

e.g.The 1980s witnessed a breakthrough in East-West relations.东西方关系在20世纪80年代有了突破.The period 1880-1914 witnessed a revolution in American education.1880年到1914年美国教育发生了变革.3.put away: remove(sth.)to a place where it is usually stored e.g.The kids are asked to put all the toys away before they leave.You wash the dishes and I’ll put them away in the cupboard.4.get to sth./ doing sth.: begin to give serious attention to or deal with开始思考(做)e.g.Recently I’ve got to wondering why I am doing the part-time job.I’ll get to the accounts as soon as I can.He got to thinking that she perhaps wouldn’t come after all.5.and the rest: and so on e.g.The patient can have apples, apple juice, apple sauce, and the rest.The citizens are interested in the government’s polices on such important issues as health , education, tax, and the rest.6.in quest of: seeking;trying to find 试图找到; 寻求

e.g.She had come in quest on advice.她前来寻求帮助.He went to the school library in quest of Mark Twain’s novels.He said that he was going to the countryside in quest of peace.7.reserve: v.turn around to the opposite direction;exchange the position of

反转;交换…的位置

e.g.Now that you have a job and I don’t , our situations are reversed., 我们的情况正好反过来了.Why don’t you reverse the order so that I play first and she plays second? 你为什么不能换一下顺序, 让我先来,她排第二? Attention please, this vehicle is reversing.倒车,请注意.The breakthroughs in biotechnology will enable medical science to reverse the aging process.adj.反向的, 相反的;颠倒的;背面的 e.g.in the reverse order 朝着相反的方向

the reverse side of a fabric 织物的反面

8.turn over:1)think about, consider 考虑;思考

e.g.Even when she didn’t say anything you could see her turning things over in her mind.I sat quietly , turning over the problem.2)change or cause to change position or direction 翻转 Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously.3)change the position of one’s body so as to face in a different direction翻身

Ann turned over in her bed once more.4)deliver someone or something to the care or custody(of)上交;移交 They turned the man over to the police.The king may turn over some of his official posts to his son.9.repay: pay back, reward e.g.Peter’s previous work with us has played an important role in our success, and we will repay him for his efforts some day.The graduate failed to repay the loan and the finance company decided to take legal action.10.so much as(do sth.):(not)even 甚至(一般用于否定句)

e.g.I didn’t so much as catch sight of him all day long.一整天我甚至都没看到他一眼.Laura had not reproached him, never so much as mentioned it.劳拉没有责备他,甚至都没提这事.11.sincere: not pretending , honest e.g.Any readers who feel annoyed please accept my sincere apologies.I’d like to express my sincere thanks and love to my family for all their help and support.12.swallowing hard:

If you swallow , you make a movement in your throat as if your are swallowing sth., often because you are nervous or frightened.Here the author tried to control his sad emotions by doing it.(因紧张, 害怕做)吞咽动作

e.g.Nancy swallowed hard and shock her head.南希紧张地咽了口唾沫,摇了摇头.He swallowed hard as he turned over the examination paper and looked at the first question.他紧张地翻开试卷,看着第一道题.beyond: prep.to a degree that is past the understanding , reach, or scope of超出,超过

e.g.Their five-year relationship was strained beyond breaking point.他们持续五年的关系快要崩溃了

It seems to that he’s beyond caring about what anybody does.在我看来他并不关心别人做什么.14.gratitude : being thankful , thankfulness(followed by to sb./ for sth.)e.g.I should like to express my gratitude to all members of the laboratory past and present for their contribution to the breakthrough.What she felt for David was not love but gratitude.It is my great pleasure to be here this morning to express my sincere gratitude to you, my fellow members, for electing me as your president.15.statement: sth.that is said or written, esp.formally and officially e.g.The trade union issued a statement opposing racial discrimination.In his newly-published book, Williams made a number of statements about modern life.16.specific: relating to one thing and not others;particular e.g.The new system made it easier for employers to recruit workers based on specific needs.Do you have any specific skills that will be of use to you in the job you are applying for? 17.on one’s behalf/ on the behalf of sb.: for sb.;in the interests of sb.;as the representative

of sb.代表;为了某人的利益

e.g.On the behalf of my parents, I would like to express my gratitude to you for your help.He delivered a speech on the behalf of all the graduates on Graduation Day.Don’t be uneasy on my behalf.不要为我担心.18.impress: 1)fix in sb’s mind make the importance of(sth)very clear to sb.(used in the patterns : impress upon./on sb.that;impress upon/on sb.sth)e.g.I have always impressed upon my students that if they work hard they will succeed in life.The teacher tried to impress on his students the necessity of being honest.2)cause(sb)to feel admiration or respect e.g.Most students liked to talk a lot because they thought it would impress the professors.Wanting to impress his girl friend, Dustin bought a suit for their first date.You managed to get both items for under $50? I’m impressed.你花了不到50美元就买到这两样东西? 我好佩服你。impress on/ upon 使…明白(某事)的重要性或价值

e.g.He’s always trying to impress on me how much easier life is if you’re well-organized.他总是想让我明白只要合理安排,生活会轻松很多.Trying to impress on my brother the importance of personal hygiene was never

要让我弟弟认识到个人卫生的重要性可不是件容易的事.impressive a.给人以深刻印象的;感人的;激动人心的;让人钦佩的

e.g.They’ve got a very impressive collection of modern paintings.他们对现代绘画的收藏让人惊叹.She’s a very impressive public speaker.她是位出色的演说家.18.diminish: make or become smaller or less(使)变小;(使)减少

e.g.There is nothing you can say that will diminish her resolve。

你说什么都不能动摇她的决心

We have seen the value of our house diminish greatly/ sharply/substantially in value

over the last six months 过去半年里我们眼睁睁看着我们的房子急剧贬值.Her patience with the children diminished as the hours went by.Time will not diminish our friendship.19.expose: leave uncovered;make accessible to(often used in the pattern: be exposed to)

使暴露; 使接触(常与to连用)

e.g.He hurt his leg so badly in the accident that the bone was exposed.他的腿在事故中伤的很厉害,骨头都露出来了 The soldiers were exposed to considerable danger.士兵面临很大的危险.The newspaper story exposed him as a liar.When she went to college, Kate was exposed to a lot of new ideas.凯特进入大学后接触到很多新思想.The immigrants’ children exposed to American pop culture often rebel when their parents try to impose the conservative values they brought with them.It is feared that people living near the power station may have been exposed to radiation.exposure 暴露;接触(常与to 连用)e.g.You need always limit your exposure to the sun.你要尽量避免暴晒

Spielberg’s new film is getting a lot of exposure in the media at the moment.媒体正大量报道斯皮尔伯格的新电影.His parents are worried about his exposure to the kind of people they don’t approve of while he’s at college.他的父母很担心他在大学接触他们不赞成他交往的人.19.immerse: cover completely in a liquid;absorb deeply 使淹没;使沉迷(常与in连用)e.g.The shells should be immersed in boiling water for two minutes.She got some books out of the library and immersed herself in Jewish history and culture.她从图书馆借些书, 一头扎进犹太历史和文化中.I held my breath and completely immersed myself in the water, trying to stay

John was so immersed in playing the computer games that he was unaware of things happening round him.20.I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town’s grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students.我和纳尔逊牧师提及他每天清晨是如何招集学生祈祷,开始我们那乡镇小学校的一天.注意:would h和used to 都可以指过去常常发生的事,但只有used to 能表示过去的状态.e.g.When we were children we would/ used to go skating every winter.I used to have an old Rolls-Royce.grammar school 在美国指小学或初级中学;英国称文法学校(旧指建立于16世纪前后的注重拉丁语的学校, 后来成为教授语言、历史、科学等的中学,现也指大学预科。

20.assemble: 1)bring or call together into a group集合,装配

e.g.The members of the tour group assembled at the airport for departure.Delegate were assembling in Geneva for the conference.2)fit together the parts or pieces of

e.g.It took me less than an hour to assemble the bookcase.It’s one of those beds that you have to assemble yourself.3)get and put together sth.such as proof or information in an organized way e.g.We will let you have the report as soon as we have assembled all the data.The lawyer is assembling evidence concerning a murder case.21.considerate: thoughtful of the rights and feelings of others;marked by careful thought(followed by of)体贴的

e.g.Friendly and considerate, he invariably consult with people around him before taking decisions.Management should be considerate of the well-being and interests of employees.It wasn’t very considerate of you to drink all the milk when you know I need some for the baby.22.I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking , the equal of which I had not found since.: …since then I hadn’t found any cooking as good as hers.此句中定语从句的先行词是cooking。类似的定语从句还有:

e.g.The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff, eighty percent of whom are women.The newspaper reported another boat-sinking, from which seven people are missing.22.sprinkle: scatter(drops or particles of sth)on(sth.);scatter in small drops e.g.Sprinkle the meat with salt and place it in the pan.Unfortunately , the textbook is sprinkled with errors.Cheese can be sprinkled on egg or vegetable dishes.23.unload: remove(the load or cargo)from a ship, car,etc.: remove the load or cargo

e.g.Unload everything from the boat and clean it thoroughly.My son helped me unload the shopping from the car.They were reported to be unloading trucks filled with looted furniture.24.put : v.travel in a boat or ship across the sea 出发;航行

e.g.Our mast broke, so we had to put about and return to port.桅杆断了,我们不得不回头,回到港口。

25.recede:v.become or seem to become faint or more distant 变模糊;减退

e.g.As the boat picked up speed, the coastline receded into the distance until finally it became invisible.船渐渐加速,海岸想远处退区直到消失。

The painful memories gradually receded in her mind。痛苦的记忆在她脑海里慢慢减退。

26.accord: 1)grant, esp.as being due or appropriate 给予; 授予

e.g.Certainly in our society teachers don’t enjoy the respect that is accord to doctors and lawyers.在我们的社会,教师肯定没有得到医生和律师所得到的那种尊重.The headmaster accorded me permission to attend the seminar.2)cause to conform or agree 使符合;使同意

e.g.His violent actions do not accord with his peaceful words.他的暴力行为同他平和的言辞不相符合.His version of events doesn’t accord with witnesses’ statements 27….two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen……

注意: odd 用于数字后,表示具体数字有多,有零头.e.g.---How many people do you think were there last night?

你想昨晚有多少人?

---Oh, I’d say about forty-odd----maybe forty-five.哦,我认为有40多个人---也许有45人.This firm owns 200-odd acres of the best land.这个公司拥有200多亩最好的土地.27.cluster: v.gather or grow into bunches 群集;簇拥

e.g.The girls clustered around their teacher.学生们集聚在老师周围.They clustered together for warmth.他们挤在一起取暖.n.a group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely together 群,簇,丛

e.g.a cluster of fans/ tourists 一群歌迷/游客 28.successive: following one after the other 连续的

e.g.After four successive election defeats, the Labor Party once again faces the painful task of reconstruction.The Brazilian men’s soccer team has won three successive games so far.successively 连续地 e.g.Since the championship began in 1987, they have finished successively in ninth, seventh and fifth position.1987年锦标赛开赛以来,他们连续获得了第九,第七和第五名.succession

n.连续

e.g.A succession of schools has undermined the government over the past year.过去的一年,一系列的丑闻破坏了政府的形象.29.in turn: in succession;one after another 依次地;轮流地

e.g.Peter passed the diary to the clerk of the court , who in turn passed it to the judge.For years he struggled in turn as a farmer, an agent, and a accountant.by turns 轮流地;交替地

e.g.The teachers were on duty by turns.30.amid : in the middle of , among e.g.The children were changing classrooms amid laughter and shouts.Amid the confusion, the two men slipped away quietly without being noticed.31.humble: v.If someone or something humbles you , they make you realize that you are not as important , capable, or valuable as you thought you are.使卑谦;使卑下

e.g.The examination result humbled him.考试成绩让他丢脸.a.1)not arrogant or prideful 谦虚的

e.g.He gave a great performance , but he was very humble.尽管他做的出色,但仍然很谦虚.He came from a fairly humble, poor background.他出身贫穷,卑微.3)of modest pretensions or dimensions平常的,一般的 e.g.We live in a humble little village.我们住在一个偏远的小村庄.Welcome to our humble adobe.欢迎光临寒舍.32.undergo: v.experience(something that is unpleasant or that involves a change)经过;经历

e.g.She underwent an operation on a tumor in her left lung last year.去年她做了左肺肿瘤切除手术.Cinema in Britain is undergoing a revival of popularity.英国的电影院正在恢复往日的繁荣.No one can force you to undergo a medical examination.Two designers from the Shenzhou III project said that 12 astronauts now are undergoing intensive training.32.swift: rapid, prompt e.g.Because of the swift, enormous growth of the urban areas many farmers left their villages in quest of work.The Olympic motto is Citius-Altius-Fortius.These words mean “ Swifter, Higher, Stronger.” The country seems to have made a swift and successful transition to a market economy.该国迅速而又成功地完成了向市场经济的过渡.Swift reaction/ reply/ response/ denial 快速的反应/回答/回应/否认 33.appreciate: recognize the quality of significance of, value e.g.Professor Smith’s general comments may help students to appreciate the theories in the textbook.I like and appreciate foreign literature in translation.34.bring back: cause to return to the mind 回想起

e.g.Your article brought back sad memories for me.你的文章带给我悲伤的记忆.Few politicians are in favor of bringing back hanging.没有政治家赞成恢复绞刑.The lyric always brought back good memories of my childhood.The old photographs brought many pleasant memories of my college life.35.In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.mightily: to a great extent or degree;merely : only, just.这两个词强调人们都是相似的.这句话补充完整的意思是: 尽管人们看似有着不同的需求,其实都是相似的,都需要得到别人对自己的肯定.36.in a flash: instantly e.g.The answer to the math question came to him in a flash.The ceremony was all over in a flash.37….representing my Grandma’s recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me.: being proof that my Grandma has spent hours recently in expressing her loving gratefulness to me.38.go about : move around;believe in society;keep busy doing(sth);set about e.g.Some people go about telling untrue stories.It’s unprofessional to go about criticizing your colleagues.Despite the thread of war , people went about their work as usual.You are not going about the job in the right way.39.in a secret: secretly

e.g.The negotiators were meeting in secret for several months before the peace agreement was reached.We found that Mary had been meeting her boyfriend in secret.40.quote : repeat or copy the words of(another)e.g.To close, I would like to quote Benjamin Franklin, “ One should eat to live, not live to eat.”

Nothing gives an author greater pleasure than to find his works respectful quoted by other authors.41.common sense: 常识(由实际生活经验得来的)判断力

e.g.Though he wasn’t schooled , his common sense guided him through life.尽管他没上过学,但他对人情事理的了解使他顺利地度过一生。

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