限制性定语从句的语法学习（精选6篇）
限制性定语从句是对先行词的内容进行严格、明确限定的定语从句，与先行词的意思关系非常紧密。
此时如果把限制性从句移除，先行词的意思就会受影响，意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的变化。
所以，限制性定语从句是不能移除的。
例如：
Give me the article that tells our company.
把讲述我们公司的文章给我。
(限定的是“讲述我们公司的那篇文章”，而不是别的文章)
Which is the motorb ike that you fixed on the 12th?
哪辆是你12号修理的摩托车?
(限定的是“你12号修的那辆摩托车”，不是别的或者其他日子修的摩托车)
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定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，两者之间有如下区别:
1.限制性定语从句在意义上与先行词关系密切，是不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开，关系代词有时可以省略。例如:
That is the girl who came to see you this morning.
那就是今天上午来看你的女孩。
The Great Wall is a place (that) I’ve always wanted to travel.
长城是我一直想参观的一个地方。
2.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚;从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。用来引导非限制性定语从句的有关系代词which， who， whom， whose和关系副词where， when这些，而that一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句。例如:
Yesterday I visited Mr Wang， who looked very tired.
昨天我拜访了王先生，他看上去很疲倦。
Mum bought me a computer as my birthday present， which was just what I longed for.
妈妈给我买了台电脑作为生日礼物，这正是我所渴望的。
3.比较:
He has two sisters who are studying abroad.(限制性定语从句:He has more than two sisters.) 他有两个在国外留学的姐姐。
He has two sisters， who are studying abroad.(非限制性定语从句:He has only two sisters.) 他有两个姐姐，她们在国外留学。
She will wear no clothes which will make her different from others.
她不会穿一些与众不同的衣服。
She will wear no clothes， which will make her different from others.
她不穿衣服，这会使她显得与众不同。
二､非限制性定语从句引导词的选择
1.关系代词的选择
(1)非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。指人的，如引导词作主语用who，作宾语用whom;指物时要用which。即使引导词作宾语也不能省略。例如:
Mr Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of my
father’s. 昨天来看我的张先生，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。(作主语)
(2)as和which的选择
as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末且as或which在从句中作主语､宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。例如:
He failed in the exam， which/as was natural.
他考试没及格，这很自然。(作主语)
He is an honest boy， which/as anybody can see.
任何人都能看得出来，他是个诚实的孩子。(作宾语)
The man seemed a German， which/as in fact he was.
那个人似乎是个德国人，事实上他就是德国人。(作表语)
但要注意以下区别:
①如果非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中时，只能用as。例如:
As we have seen， oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
我们已经看到，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十多。
This kind of computer， as is well-known， is out of date.
众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。
②as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式;which在从句中作主语，后常跟行为动词的主动式。例如:
She has been late again， as was expected.
她又迟到了，这是预料之中的。
It rained hard yesterday， which prevented me from going to the park.
昨天雨下得很大，使我无法去公园。
③当从句和主句语意一致时用as，表“正如”;反之用which。例如:
The thief came again， as was expected.
小偷又一次来了，这是预料之中的。(语意一致)
The elephant is like a snake， which is not right.
大象像一条蛇， 这是不对的。(语意不一致)
④as常用在 as often happens， as was pointed out， as was said above， as I remember， as I understand等结构中。例如:
Jack has won the first prize， as often happens.
像往常一样，杰克获得了一等奖。
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择
在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样:引导词在从句中作主语､宾语､表语､定语时，用关系代词;作状语时用关系副词。例如:
I want to buy the house， which has a garden.
我想买那个房子，那个房子有一个花园。(作主语)
The place， which I visited before， has changed greatly.
这地方我以前来过，现在变化很大。(作宾语)
The story in the book takes place in Canada， where Doctor Bethune was born.
书中故事发生在加拿大， 白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。(作状语)
3.关系代词､人称代词和指示代词的选择
选关系代词还是人称代词，关键是分清句子结构。如果是非限制性定语从句(两句中间用逗号隔开，且无连词)，用关系代词; 如果是并列句(全句中有连词，两句中间用句号或分号)，用人称代词或指示代词。例如:
He has three sons， none of whom is a doctor.
He has three sons， who are doctors.
He has three sons， but none of them is a doctor.
He has three sons; they are doctors.
一、定语从句的基本概念：
定语从句即在句中有一个具有主谓结构的完整的句子来充当定语，修饰前面的名词短语或者代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party？
I still remember the night when I first came to the village.This is the place where Lily once lived.二、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
三、关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可以做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。
1.关系代词：主要有that, which, who, whom, whose等，它们在句子中可用作主语（如that, which, who等）、宾语（如that, which, whom等）和定语（如which, whose）。例句：I found the book which I was looking for.我找到了我要找的书。（做宾语）
She is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽车被盗的那个女人。（做定语）She is the woman whom I gave the money to.她就是我给她钱的那位妇女。（做宾语）Is he the man that sells dogs? 他就是卖狗的人吗?（做主语）She is the girl who won the prize.她就是获奖的姑娘。（做主语）
注意：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。2.关系副词：主要有where, when, why等，它们在句子中主要用作状语。（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
四、关系代词的用法
1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
注意：关系词只能用that，不能用which的情况：
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
例：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
d.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that 例：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。注意：关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例：What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例：Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3、who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。
例：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语，可省略）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例：his is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
五、关系副词的用法
1、When的用法：
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词；在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含义与搭配来确定。例：1988 was the year when he was born.1988是他的出生年。
句子分析：句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in 1988, in 2008等，所以此处用in which。
例：I’ll never forget the day when I first met you.我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。句子分析：句中的when I first met you为修饰the day的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on，如on that day, on Friday等，所以此处用on which。
例：Don’t forget the time when the wedding will start.不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。句子分析：句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻，英语习惯上用介词at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此处用at which。
2、where的用法：
关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。
例：What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字? 句子分析：句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示住在某城市，英语习惯上说 live in a city，所以此处用 in which。例：This cross marks the spot where she died.这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。句子分析：句中的 where she died 为修饰 the spot 的定语从句，关系副词 where 在此相当于 at which。表示在某一地点，英语习惯上说 at a spot，所以此处用 at which。
3、why的用法：
关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是the reason；在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。例：These are the reasons why we do it.这些就是我们这样做的理由。
句子分析：句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
例：Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗? 句子分析：句中的why she doesn’t like me为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如：
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。
whose 是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于my，his，her，its，their等修饰人或物。of which 可以代替whose 指物，词序一般是名词＋of which 或of which ＋名词。of whom 可以代替whose 指人，词序是名词＋of whom。
Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常好。
The newly-built cafe，the walls of which are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。1.Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A．what
C．which
B．whose D．that 解析： 句意为：一些不是很活跃，或者他们的饮食中热量太高的孩子会很快长胖。本题考查定语从句。先行词为children，or 连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的引导词为who，第二个引导词为考查点，先行词children在第二个定语从句中与从句中的主语diet形成所属关系：children’s diet，故选择B项。答案： B 2．The old temple________roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.A．where
C．its
B．which D．whose 解析： 句意为：那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在维修当中。本题考查定语从句的用法。此句先行词是the old temple，代入定语从句后为：The_old_temple’s roof was damaged in a storm.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose 引导。答案： D 3．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city.A．whom
C．them
B．which D．those 解析： 句意为：近千人在这一小社区居住，他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的。本题考查定语从句。先行词为1,000 people，代入定语从句为many of 1,000 people left their village homes for a better life in the city，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语且指人，故用whom。
答案： A[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] 1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。
The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.在会议中我与他谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。
注意： 但是在下面一句中for 不可以提前，因为look for 是动词词组。
This is the person(who/whom/that)you are looking for.[来源:Zxxk.Com][来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K] 这就是你找的那个人。
2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。
He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.他架起一架望远镜，通过它他可以研究天空。
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
3．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
1.(2011·龙岩检测)At 13，Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，________he got a good opportunity for further development.A．after that
C．after it
B．after which D．after this 解析： 考查定语从句。after which he got a good opportunity for further development 是非限制性定语从句。答案： B 2．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.A．on which
C．to which
B．by which D．from which 解析： 句意为：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。考查定语从句。return to重新利用，属于固定搭配。故排除含有介词on，by 和from 的A、B、D项。答案： C 3．(2011·东北三校一模)There are 51 students in Class Three，________failed in the test.A．all of which
B．all of them
C．none of whom
D．none of them 解析： 考查定语从句。后半句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，应用whom引导。因为前后两句之间没有并列连词，所以B、D两项不正确。答案： C point，situation，case等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，那么这个引导词要用where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where 作状语)把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。
Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that 作宾语)现在只有一点我希望你弄清楚。
1.(2011·云南检测)—Do you have anything to say for yourselves? —Yes，there’s one point________we must insist on.A．why
C．how
B．where D．/ 解析： the point 作介词on的宾语，因此应选用关系代词或者省略。答案： D 2． I have reached a point in my life________I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A．which
C．how
B．where D．why 解析： 句意为：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。where 引导定语从句修饰先行词point。答案： B 3． The doctor said that the treatment would continue until the patient reached the point________he could walk correctly and safely.A．where
C．which
B．when D．that 解析： point 为先行词，后面为定语从句，在定语从句中walk 为不及物动词，从句不缺少宾语，且表时间故用when引导。句意为：医生说，病人的治疗要持续到他能够安全稳当地行走为止。答案： B 1．as 与which 都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。He married her，as(which)was natural.很自然地，他和她结婚了。
(2009·山东卷)Whenever I met her，which was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。2．但在下列情况下一般只能用as。
(1)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which 则不能。
As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.正如我们所知，地球表面的70%以上被水覆盖。
(2)as 表示“正如，正像”，而which 无此意。
此时，as从句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest 等单词或短语。He came back home late，as we expected.正如我们所料，他回家晚了。
(3)当先行词被the same，such 修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。I bought the same book as you have.我买了一本跟你一样的书。
I’ll give you such things as you may need.我将给你你需要的东西。
He’ll marry as pretty a girl as he can find.他将与他能发现的最漂亮的女孩结婚。
(4)但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that 也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。the same...as(指同样或同类的)，the same...that(指同一个)This is the same watch as I lost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块表。
1.(2011·山东潍坊质量抽样)Her books were all over the dining table，________meant we had to eat in the kitchen.A．which
C．that
B．what D．it 解析： 句意为：她的书摆满了餐桌，这就意味着我们必须在厨房吃饭了。which 引导的是非限制性定语从句，代替主句所表达的整个内容。
答案： A 2．(2011·浙江金华一中月考)Mrs Black took the police back to ________ place________she witnessed the robbery.A．the same；that
B．the same；as C．the same；where
D．as the same；is 解析： 句意为：Black 夫人把警察带到她目睹抢劫案的那个地方。可见在以the same place 为先行词的定语从句中，从句缺少的是地点状语，因此用where。A、B两项中的引导词that，as均为关系代词，要在从句中作主语或宾语，故错误。答案： C 3．(2011·银川实验中学第一次月考)________is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.A．Which
C．That
B．As D．It 解析： as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首，which引导的定语从句不能放在主句的前面；that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。it 可以作形式主语，如果把句子中的逗号改为that，D项也正确。句意为：正像上文提到的那样，高中生的数量在增长。答案： B 4． After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________turned out to be a wise decision.A．that
B．which D．where C．when
解析： 句意为：大学毕业之后，我休息了一段时间去旅游，结果证明这是一个明智的决定。本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知第二个逗号后是一非限制性定语从句，排除A项；定语从句缺主语，排除C、D两项，先行词是逗号前的整个句子，所以B为正确答案。答案： B 5．(2011·黄冈检测)Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm ________few residents had ever experienced before.A．as
B．which D．that C．and it was
解析： 考查定语从句。as在此处为关系代词，作experienced 的宾语。答案： A
6． In China，the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.A．where
C．whose
B．which D．that 解析： 句意为：在中国，城市的数量在快速地增加，其发展被世界所公认。考查定语从句。先行词为cities，代入定语从句后为：The cities’ development is recognized across the world.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。答案： C 7． I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school________I met in the English speech contest last year.A．who
B．where D．which C．when
解析： 代入定语从句后为：I met several of the students in the English speech contest last year.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，故用who/whom/that引导，故答案为A。答案： A 8 That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.A．that
B．which D．what C．whose
解析： 句意为：那台新机器的部件太小了，以至于都看不见。考查定语从句。先行词为the new machine，代入定语从句后为：the new machine’s parts are too small to be seen，可以看出the new machine 在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。答案： C 9． As a child，Jack studied in a village school，________is named after his grandfather.A．which
C．what
B．where D．that 解析： 句意为：小时候，杰克在一所乡村学校读书，那所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是a village school，代入定语从句后为：The village school is named after his grandfather.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且该从句为非限制性定语从句，故用which引导。答案： A 10． The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.A．where
C．which
B．who[来源:学,科,网] D．what 解析： 句意为：这个女孩准备在培训中心和她姐姐一起上钢琴课。在那里她将待一小时。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the training centre，从句中缺少地点状语，故选where。答案： A 11． I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.A．who
B．that C．as
D．what 解析： 句意为：我拒绝接受因为别人的错误而遭受的责备。本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。先行词在从句中作主语，而且为不定代词something，关系词只能用that。答案： B 12． The house I grew up________has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A．in it
B．in D．in which C．in that
解析： 分析句子结构可知house后面有一个限制性定语从句，而且定语从句的引导词已经省略，那么该引导词一定在定语从句中作宾语，所以此空中要填介词in，且其后不能再有宾语。答案： B 13． Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.A．of which
B．with which C．about which
D．into which 解析： 句意为：枪支的控制是在美国争论了很长时间的一个话题。此题考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。答案： C 14．A person________email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails.A．who
B．whom C．whose
D．whoever 解析： 句意为：一个人的电子邮件账户满了，就不能收发任何邮件了。此题考查定语从句。先行词为a person，代入定语从句后为：whose e-mail account is full.由此可见，whose在定语从句中作定语，是形容词性的，修饰名词。who作主语；whom作宾语；whoever连接代词，“无论谁”，用来引导名词性从句或状语
从句。答案： C 15． She brought with her three friends，none of ________I had ever met before.A．them
B．who D．these C．whom
解析：
句意为：她带了3个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是her three friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met none of her three friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。
答案： C 关系代词that与which的用法区别
(1)关系代词指代物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况： ①关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候：
This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。
②关系代词指前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时： He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。
(2)that和which都指物时，在下列四种情况下只能用that而不能用which：
①当先行词是all，everything，something，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。There was little that I could do for you.我不能为你做什么。That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的。②当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
③当先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K] 这正是我要买的词典。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
④当人和物同时作先行词时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ ⑤当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the bike that you lost？哪一辆是你丢失的自行车？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal？获金牌的小男孩是谁？ 介词＋关系代词
(1)介词＋关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whom。
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。In the dark street，there wasn’t single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
(2)当复合介词短语＋which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。(3)介词＋which/who＋不定式结构。The poor man has no house in which to live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。
(4)of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。关系代词as引导的定语从句
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：
其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)
注意：(1)such...as...(定语从句)像…… 那样[来源:学科网ZXXK] such...that...(状语从句)如此……以至于…… This is such an easy question as I can answer.(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.(状语从句)这是个简单的问题，我能回答。(2)the same...as...表示相似的东西 the same...that...表示同一人或物
This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。This is the same knife that I lost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。关系代词as，which的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.＝The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.＝It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.后两句属名词性从句范畴。[来源:Z§xx§k.Com](3)as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。
As is known to all，Edison invented the telephone.＝Edison invented the telephone，as is known to all.使用定语从句应注意的几个问题
(1)当先行词是way，意为“方式，方法”，在从句中作状语，则引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种： 我不喜欢他说话的方式。(2)注意区别先行词和引导词。①Is this＋名词＋the one ＋that从句 ②Is this the＋名词＋that从句
(3)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句中的成分。
Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao？你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？ Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？
(4)当先行词为case，point，position，situation等词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。
(1)one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词
He is one of the students who pass the exam.(2)the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词 He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.他是唯一通过考试的学生。
(3)其他情况
I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，将尽力帮你。
Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about？你听说过正在被谈论的这些人和事吗？ 1． It’s helpful to put children in a situation________they can see themselves differently.A．that B．when D．where C．which
【解析】 句意为：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句，先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：They can see themselves differently in_the_situation.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表“时间”，不合本题要求，只有where符合本题要求。【答案】 D 2． Whenever I met her，________was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.A．who B．which D．that C．when
【解析】 此处考查which引导非限制性定语从句。句意为：无论何时我遇见她，她都会一如既往地向我 微笑。【答案】 B 3． The house I grew up________has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A．in it B．in D．in which C．in that
【解析】 分析句子结构可知house后面有一个限制性定语从句，而且定语从句的引导词已经省略，那么该引导词一定在定语从句中作宾语，所以此空中要填介词in，且其后不能再有宾语。【答案】 B 4． Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.A．of which B．with which C．about which
D．into which 【解析】 句意为：枪支的控制是在美国争论了很长时间的一个话题。此题考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。【答案】 C 5． A person________email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A．who
C．whose
B．whom D．whoever 【解析】 句意为：一个人的电子邮件账户满了，就不能收发任何邮件了。此题考查定语从句。先行词为a person，代入定语从句后为：whose e-mail account is full.由此可见，whose在定语从句中作定语，是形容词性的，修饰名词。who作主语；whom作宾语；whoever连接代词，“无论谁”，用来引导名词性从句或状语从句。【答案】 C 6． She brought with her three friends，none of________I had ever met before.A．them B．who D．these C．whom
【解析】
句意为：她带了3个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是her three friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met none of her three friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。
【答案】 C
7． My friend showed me round the town，________was very kind of him.A．which
C．where
B．that D．it 【解析】 句意为：我的朋友真不错，他带我绕城转了一圈。本题was缺少主语，排除where；it不能引导定语从句，排除it；that不引导非限制性定语从句，排除that。[来源:学科网] 【答案】 A 8．I have reached a point in my life________I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A．which
C．how
B．where D．why 【解析】
句意为：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。where引导定语从句修饰先行词point。【答案】 B 9． They’ve won their last three matches，________I find a bit surprising actually.A．that
C．what B．when
D．which 【解析】 句意为：他们已经赢得了最后三场比赛，我发现这确实有点令人惊讶。考查定语从句。先行词是前面整个句子，which引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作find的宾语。【答案】 D 10．Because of the financial crisis，days are gone________local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A．if B．when D．since C．which
【解析】 句意为：由于经济危机，在当地五星级酒店住一个晚上就要6 000元的日子一去不复返了。when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night作days的定语，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。【答案】 B 11． Many youth went to the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum on Nov.16,2009，________US President Barack Obama delivered a speech during his four-day state visit.A．which
C．where
B．in that D．that 【解析】 考查定语从句的用法。where引导的定语从句修饰先行词the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum。【答案】 C
12． “You’ll have to wait for two hours，________is，about 11∶30，________the medical report will come out，” the doctor said to me.A．that；when
C．that；before B．which；that D．which；when 【解析】 考查插入语和定语从句的用法。that is是插入语，意思是“也就是”；when引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的时间11∶30。【答案】 A 13．I don’t like the way________he often uses to speak to me.A．in which
C．which
B．how D．what[来源:Z*xx*k.Com] 【解析】 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，而且which在从句中作uses的宾语。【答案】 C 14． John，________money is no problem，still leads a simple life.A．for whose
C．of whom B．of whose D．for whom 【解析】 考查定语从句。可以把定语从句部分变化成“Money is no problem for John”，这样便不难看出用介词for＋关系代词whom(指代John)来引导定语从句。【答案】 D 15．Nowadays，when people talk about magicians，the first one________comes into their mind is Liu Qian.A．whom C．that
B．which D．what 【解析】 考查定语从句。根据语境可知，空缺处应填一个关系代词且该关系代词在定语从句中充当主语且指人，先行词前有the first修饰，所以选that。【答案】 C 16． He didn’t put the things________they belonged，for________he got his punishment.A．which；that C．that；whose B．what；this D．where；which 【解析】 考查复合句。从句子结构看前半句中的从句是状语从句表示放东西的地方，因此使用where引导；后半句是非限制性定语从句，使用which指代前面整个句子的意思，这是which的典型用法。【答案】 D
17． All the neighbors admire this family，________the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.[来源:学_科_网] A．why B．where D．that C．which
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母和子女建立了和谐的关系。where在此处相当于in which，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为this family。【答案】 B 18．Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations________appear in the working world.A．where C．that
B．when D．what 【解析】 本题考查定语从句。句意为：找到工作的年轻人也许会意识到大学的功课不足以应对工作中的所有情况。先行词是the situation，代入定语从句后为：The situations appear in the working world。【答案】 C 19． This term the students in our province are studying a new course called Life Guidance，________covers possible real life issues.A．whose
C．that
B．which D．what 【解析】 考查定语从句。which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Life Guidance。cover覆盖，涉及。【答案】 B 10． All________is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A．what is needed B．for our needs C．the thing needed
D．that is needed 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为：现在所需要的是基本生活必需品的不断的供应。在该句中，主语部分含有一个定语从句，先行词是all，在主句中作主语，因此要用关系代词that。all that is needed＝what is needed。【答案】 D 11．As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas，________，I am sure，will benefit the people out of work.A．which
C．what B．that D．where 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。which引导的从句修饰前面整个句子，I am sure为插入语。【答案】 A 12． The days are gone________we studied together at college，but I can still remember your lovely voice.A．which C．that
B．in which D．when 【解析】 考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the days，在定语从句中充当状语。【答案】 D
13．________is often the case with elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.A．That C．As B．Which D．It 【解析】 考查定语从句。as此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容。as意为“正如”。【答案】 C 14． Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents________students got injured or killed while in school.A．in which
B．for which C．which
D．when 【解析】 该题考查从句。该句中的which是引导词，引导定语从句修饰先行词accidents。句意为“由于学生在学校受伤或死亡的不断报道，学校安全成为一个重要问题”。【答案】 A 15．Everyone has periods in their lives________everything seems very hard.A．when
C．which
B．where D．that 【解析】 考查定语从句。关系副词when指代先行词periods，且在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于during which。【答案】 A
16．(2011·天津十校联考)Patience，without________you can’t do the work well，is a kind of quality.A．that
B．it
C．which
D．what 解析： 句意为：耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心，你不能做好工作。此处考查了定语从句中“介词＋which”的情况，which指代的是先行词patience。
答案： C 17． The owner wanted to charge $5,000 for his car，________I managed to lower to $3,500.A．since
C．which
B．what D．that 解析： 关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当lower 的宾语，而that不能引导非限性定语从句。
答案： C 18．(2011·安徽合肥第一次质检)I still can’t believe my eyes when I remember the scene________the best player should miss the pass.A．that
C．where
B．which D．how 解析： where 引导定语从句修饰先行词scene，where在从句中作状语。句意为：当我记起当时那个最好的选手没有过关时，我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
答案： C 19．(2011·北京东城期末目标检测)________was reported in the paper，people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.A．It
C．As
B．That D．What 解析： 选择定语从句的引导词的关键是：在主句中找出先行词。该句中定语从句的先行词是后面的整个句子people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.答案： C 20．(2011·青岛联合模拟)China’s new food law provides for a food recall system ________producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards.A．where
C．when
B．that D．which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：中国新的食品法规定了食品召回制度，即如果食品达不到标准，生产者就必须停止生产。先行词为a food recall system，定语从句为producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards(in the food recall system)，故选A。
答案： A 21． Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning，________we think will benefit us in the long term.A．what
B．that
C．which
D．who 解析： 本题考查定语从句。本题属于非限制性定语从句，从句意可知关系代词指代a good habit of learning，在从句中作主语，因此选择which。
答案： C 22．(2011·福建龙岩检测)Remember that there is still one point________we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.A．where
C．when
B．why D．that 解析： 考查定语从句。解定语从句题的关键是：在主句中找出先行词，该句的先行词是one point，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，这里先行词在从句中作make clear的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，据此选D项。
答案： D 23．She’s in a hopeless situation，________we will keep a very close eye on.A．where
C．which
B．when D．that 解析： 考查定语从句。定语从句的解题关键是：在主句中找出先行词，该句的先行词是a hopeless situation，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，此处关系词在从句中作on的宾语，同时这里又是非限制性定语从句，所以应该用关系代词which，选C项。
答案： C 24．I admire my English teacher.I can remember very few occasions ________she stopped working because of ill health.A．that
C．where
B．when D．which 解析： 考查定语从句。根据语意“我记得她很少因生病而停止工作”可知，定语从句引导词在从句中作状语，故用when。
答案： B 25．(2011·海南五校联考)The moment________John will never forget is________Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.A．that；that
C．when；that
B．that；when D．when；when 解析： 考查从句引导词。第一空用that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词The moment；第二空用when引导表语从句，并在从句中作时间状语，故答案为B。
答案： B 26．(2010·福建四地六校第三次联考)I don’t like the way________he often uses to speak to me.A．in which
B．how
C．which
D．what 解析： 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，而且which在从句中作uses的宾语。答案： C 27． John，________money is no problem，still leads a simple life.A．for whose
C．of whom
B．of whose D．for whom 解析： 考查定语从句。可以把定语从句部分变化成“Money is no problem for John”，这样便不难看出用介词for＋关系代词whom(指代John)来引导定语从句。
答案： D 28．(2010·苏州模拟)He didn’t put the things________they belonged，for________he got his punishment.A．which；that
C．that；whose
B．what；this D．where；which 解析： 考查复合句。从句子结构看前半句中的从句是状语从句表示放东西的地方，因此使用where引导；后半句是非限制性定语从句，使用which指代前面整个句子的意思，这是which的典型用法。
答案： D 29．(2010·浙江嘉兴二模)All the neighbors admire this family，________the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.A．why
C．which
B．where D．that 解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母和子女建立了和谐的关系。where在此处相当于in which，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为this family。
答案： B 30．(2010·日照二模)As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas，________，I am sure，will benefit the people out of work.A．which
C．what
张先红 滁州市 全椒县 古河中学
2013-11-6 21:32:32
高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈
我国学生学习英语的环境基本上是一个非母语的环境，目前的学习条件如师资、设备、环境等从总体上说并不令人满意。我并不赞同以往的语法翻译教学法，但一味的淡化语法并不利于学生学好英语。语法好比语言的密码，不懂语法显然是行不通的。高考中写一篇英语作文，这是重视英语语法的考试方法，下面以 定语从句的教学为例谈一下我的具体做法。
一、定语从句的概念及引导词
在（主从）复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词有where,when ,why,在从句中充当状语。
二、定语从句的基本类型
1、限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句一般紧挨先行词，主从复合句之间关系密切，不能用逗号隔开，通常译为一个句子。
e.g.Do you know the girl who is in red? I am the only person who was praised at the meeting.2、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，主从复合句之间关系不很密切，一般可译为两个句子，如果将从句身省去，主句意思仍然清楚。
e.g.He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry.Jack flew to Beijing yesterday,where a conference will be held.三、定语从句使用中的注意事项
1、which 与 that之区别
关系代词that既指人又指物，which只指物，指物时，两者有时可换用，有时则不能换用。
（1）指人或指物只能用 that 的情况 1)当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing„„不定代词时。
e.g.All that can be done has been done.The thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the policeman.2)先行词既指人又指物时
e.g.He spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen abroad.3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时
e.g.This is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever had.The first lesson that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still unforgettable.4)先行词被the very, the only, the last, any,every修饰时
e.g.This is the very book(that)I’m looking for.5）先行词是疑问词who,what,which时
Who that has such a home doesn’t love it.What that is on the table belongs to me.6)关系代词在从句中做表语时
e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情况
1）定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时
e.g.She added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled soup.2)先行词在从句中做介词宾语且介词前置时
e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2、as与which
(1)as和which都能引导非限定性从句代表整个句子的内容，as
引导的从句可为于句首、句中或句末，而which引导的定语从句却只能位于句末。
e.g.As is known to all ,China is a developing country.Jack, as is know ,is a film director.Crusoe went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如„..那样”之意，而which则不含此意。
e.g.He didn’t give us a hand , as had been expected.(3)as在限定性定语从句中多与such, the same,连用，构成such„..as„, the same„.as„形式。
e.g.Such a film as you deseribed should not be shown at all.He told me the story as was told the other day.3、关系代词或关系副词之确定
是用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句，不是取决于先行词，而是看定语从句中需要什么成分，如果需要主语、宾语、表语、定语就用关系代词，如果需要状语就要用关系副词。
e.g.We visited the village which that is famous for its scenery yesterday.The day thatwhich we spent together on the island is pleasant.4、几种特殊形式的非限制性定语从句
一、巧辨区别
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句被分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。具体我们可以从形式、作用、意义及关系词方面去理解其区别。下面试比较一组句子。
①His wife who is a doctor is not at home at the moment.（限制性定语从句）
②His wife， who is a doctor， is not at home at the moment. （非限制性定语从句）
1.形式上的区别。句1中的从句为限制性定语从句，从句与主句不用逗号隔开；句2中的从句为非限制性定语从句，从句与主句用逗号隔开。
2.作用上的区别。句1中的限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，起修饰或限制先行词的作用。从句不可去掉，否则主句不完整或不明确。句子中的他可能有几个妻子，其中做医生的妻子现在不在家中。从句不可去掉，否则不知道指的是哪个妻子。句2中的非限制性定语从句对先行词起附加的补充解释说明。对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使去掉，原句仍有意义。句子中的他只有一个妻子，从句只是补充说明她妻子是做医生的。
3.意义上的区别。限制性定语从句通常翻译为先行词的定语“……的”，非限制性定语从句通常译为与主句并列的分句。因此句1译为“他的那个做医生的妻子现在不在家中。”句2译为“他的妻子是做医生的，她现在不在家中。”
4.关系词上的区别。句1中的限制性定语从句中的关系词who是可以换成that的，句2则不行。也就是说，非限制性定语从句的关系词是不能用that的（先行词是物也不行）。除此之外，大家要注意，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词作宾语时是不可省略的，如One of the friendliest people in our village is Mr. Johnson， whom we all love very much. （whom不能省略）；还有在非限制性定语从句中which可以指代整个主句内容，限制性定语从句中的which却不行。如 “The fire lasted for a whole night， which caused great damage.”（which 指代整个主句内容“The fire lasted for a whole night”）。
二、错误例析
学生在使用定语从句中会出现一些错误，其中就是限制性和非限制性定语从句的误用，以下是一些例子。
1.故宫是很多年前建的，现在闻名于世。
误：The Forbidden City which was built many years ago is known all over the world.
分析：故宫此处并不需要限制性的定语来说明是哪个故宫，因为故宫只有一个，非常明确。所以此处应改为非限制性定语从句，进行补充说明。这个句子应该为“The Forbidden City， which was built many years ago， is known all over the world.”
2.我就读的学校是佛山最好的学校，而且离我家不远。
误：My school which is the best middle school in Foshan is not far away from my home.
分析：此句中的学校有“My”修饰，所指已经非常明确，定语从句只是对其进行补充说明，去掉句意也完整。因此此处应该用非限制性定语从句。这个句子应该为My school， which is the best middle school in Foshan， is not far away from my home.
3.这就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
误：This is the place， where I met her for the first time.
分析：此处去掉定语从句后，句子不完整，“the place”所指的地点不明确，因此应该用限制性定语从句来限定性修饰the place。这个句子应该为This is the place where I met her for the first time.
4.他考试没及格，这让他父母很失望。
误：He failed the exam which made his parents very disappointed.
