译林版8au5知识点讲解
1. sense
a. 感官（可数名词）
People who can’t see often have a fine sense of hearing.
My sense of sight is not so good as it used to be.
b. 感觉（不可数名词），意义
He has no sense of time.
She has a lively sense of humor.
This is a word with several senses.
c. 感到，察觉到（动词）
We sensed the tension in the conference room.
I sensed that I was not welcome.
相关的词组及句型：
in a sense make sense make no sense make sense of
common sense There is no sense in doing sth.
2. affect/effect
The change in climate may affect your health.
She was affected to tears.
The sight affected her to tears.
have an effect on/upon
take effect bring/come/put…into effect
3. fail
1. He had done his best but failed.
2. The news that Tom had failed (in) his exams surprised us.
3. The famous pop star failed to show up at the concert.
failure
After many failures, he succeeded in the end.
He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.
4. confuse
We tried to confuse the enemies.
Don’t give me so much information-you are confusing me.
Don’t confuse the black and the white.
I always confuse you with your sister-you look so alike.
5. more than
The stone weighs more than ten tons.
Bamboo is used for more than building.
She was more than happy to see you.
She more than hesitated to promise that
She was more shy than unfriendly.
Reading
1. wonder
v.想知道，惊讶
I wonder if you’d give me some advice.
I wonder how you came to miss your way.
We wondered at/about the speed, with which it arrived.
n.惊讶（不可数）；奇迹（可数）
He looked at the picture in wonder.
do/work wonders
the seven wonders of the world
It’s a wonder that he is still alive.
(It’s) no wonder you can’t sleep when you eat so much.
2. this/that adv. -----so
Don’t take what she said that seriously.
Can living in a foreign country change a person that much?
Never stay out this late, or you won’t be allowed to go out in the evening any more.
that pron.
The effect teachers have on children is greater than that of parents.
The book I bought yesterday is more interesting than that he has.
3. observe
She has observed the stars all her life. （观察）
Did you observe anything strange in the man’s conduct? （注意）
She observed a man walking in the opposite direction. （注意）
They did not observe Christine come in and go upstairs. （注意）
We must observe the rules of the road. （遵守）
How many holidays do we observe every year? （庆祝）
4. stare at/look at/glare at/glance at
The teacher stared at the class into silence.
He looked sadly at the dying dog.
“Who broke the window?” the teacher said angrily, glaring at the students.
She glanced at the face of the strange man.
5. desert
v. 丢弃，抛弃
He deserted his friends in need.
The country had been at war for many years and the temple was deserted and the houses fell to pieces.
n. 沙漠
Such animals can’t live in the desert.
adj. deserted
类似的(作明词和动词)词语：tear, record, import, increase, progress, produce
6. set off
All the family set off in search of the missing boy.
Our manager will set off for Australia next week.
They will set off on a journey to Africa.
The bomb could set off by the slightest touch. （爆炸）
set out to do sth set about doing sth
7. beat-beat-beaten
敲击，击打，连续不断的跳动
The father beat his son black and blue.
His heart beats very fast.
The rain beat against the windows.
The bird beat its wings and flew away.
The wave beat the shore all the time.
打败
He beat me at chess.
8. wish for
It is no use wishing for things you can’t have.
I wish that he would be well soon.
I wish to finish the job as soon as possible.
I wish him to return the book to me soon.
Wish you a good trip to Hangzhou.
Wish you all well.
9. with 的复合结构
He looked at me up and down with his eyes wide open.
They often go climbing with bags on their backs.
He left hurriedly with his little daughter crying at home.
The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.
I can’t play chess with you with so much homework to do.
10. watch out
“Watch out!” he shouted when he saw the boy standing on top of the chair.
Watch out for a tall man in a black hat.
You have to watch out for fast traffic along here.
11. pay back/pay for/pay off
I am certain that he will pay back every cent he owes you.
The man wanted me to pay him for the damage.
At last the old man paid off his son’s debts.
His efforts paid off.
12. freeze (froze, frozen)
It may freeze tonight.
They almost froze to death.
freezing air frozen chicken be frozen with
13. contact
Finally he managed to get into contact with them.
My job was to make contact with the local people.
I’ll contact Jones and get his reaction.
I shall contact you by telephone on Friday.
Word power
1. go 由好向不好，正常向不正常转化
The fish went bad.
The girl went blind at the age of 10.
Something went wrong with my motorbike.
mad, hard, pale, hungry
2. afford
a. 负担得起（……费用）
Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.
In those days they couldn’t afford to call in a doctor.
b. 抽出时间做
Are you going to afford the time for a holiday?
c. 提供，给予
Music affords me great pleasure.
The trees afford a pleasant shade.
d. 做得到，经得起
He said he really could’t afford to wait another day.
We can’t afford to offend our employer.
afford 通常与can/could/be able to连用
注意以下afford的搭配
afford sth afford to do
afford sb sth afford sth to sb.
3. mostly
a) mainly, in most cases 主要地，大部分 b) most of the time 通常
Most of the Americans use their cars mostly for their jobs.
Our weather has been mostly warm.
4. develop
a. 发展，养成，培养
China is developing very fast.
He has developed the habit of making notes while listening to the lecture.
They provide good materials for developing the students’ reading skill.
b. 发育，成长，形成
Plants develop from seeds.
He developed into a strong leader.
c. 冲洗
I think these photos will look nice when they are developed.
Let’s have these pictures developed.
5. turn to 变成，转向，求助
They had great difficulty in turning desert to green land.
Who can I turn to when I am in trouble?
If you meet with some new words, don’t always turn to the dictionary for help.
Grammar and usage
1. reduce
A. 减少；缩减
He reduced his weight by 5 kilograms.
The price of these shoes has been reduced.
B. 落到某种境地；化为，变为
Hunger reduced them to stealing.
The bombs reduced the city to ruins.
reduce to order 使恢复秩序
reduce to silence 使安静下来
reduce to tears 使哭了起来
2. add
a. Add a few names to the list.
b. If you add 4 to 3, you get 7.
c. I should add that we are very happy to stay with you. （补充）
d. Her arrival added to our pleasure.
e. Add up these figures, please.
f. The bills add up to exactly $100.
add to 增加；扩建 add…to…把…加到…
add up 加起来 add up to 加起来总计
3. make the most of
a. We must make the most of the fine weather.
b. The students are making the most of the time to do the experiment.
make the best of make full use of make good use of
4. ignore 忽视，不管，不注意
They ignored traffic regulations.
Jack completely ignores all these facts as though they never existed.
5. rather than 而不是
a. I think you, rather than Mary, are to be punished.
b. Rather than fish, we’ll have fried eggs and meat for lunch.
c. The color seems green rather than blue.
d. He would rather walk than drive.
e. I’d prefer to stay indoors rather than go out.
Exercise about noun clauses
1. They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
2. The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
3. I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. that
4. The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
5. One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that
6. Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether c. that D. which
7. The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
8. They received orders _____ the work be done at once.
A .which B. when C. / D .that
9. The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because
10. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because
11. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
12. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
13. I have the information ____.
A. of what he’ll come soon B. that he’ll come soon
C. of that he’ll come soon D. his coming soon
16. --- Can I help you?
-- Yes, do you know ____?
A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus
C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes
17. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if
18. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.
A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what
答案：BABAC CCDCA BDBAA DDA
Task
1. This/It is the first/ last time (that) sb. +现在完成时
This/It was the first/ last time (that) sb. +过去完成时
1) 这是我第一次听她唱歌。
This is the first time that I have heard her sing.
2) 这是我们第二次见面了。
This was the second time we had met each other.
2. He was very interesting to listen to.
Your brother is pleasant to work with.
The boy is difficult to teach.
The bed is comfortable to sleep in.
difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome, interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, heavy, important…
3. Suddenly, the lightening came very close and I could hear the
thunder overhead.
come 表示“达到某种条件或状态”
1) The bottle came open in my bag.
2) My family always comes first.
come true come to life come to an end
4. Mr. Liu Weihai is making good progress.
The ship made slow progress through the rough sea.
Jean has made great progress in English.
5. be grateful to sb. /for sth.
我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。
I’m extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help
如能提供信息我们将感激不尽。
We would be grateful for any information you can give us.
He was grateful that she didn’t tell his parents about the incident.
他感到庆幸的是她未将此事告诉他父母。
重要词组
天变黑 grow dark
在远处 in the distance
起航到目的地 set sail for our destination
成功地登上救生艇 manage to get on a lifeboat
消失 go missing
听起来像 sound like
环游世界 travel all around the world
听到头顶的雷声hear the thunder overhead
Project
1. chance 表示“可能性；机会；冒险”
chance/chances of doing sth 做… 的可能
有可能周末弄到票吗？
Is there any chance of getting the tickets at the weekend?
have/stand a chance of (doing sth) 有...的希望；有可能成功
她拿到驾照的希望渺茫.
she has a slim/slight chance of getting the driving license.
chance of sth … 的可能性
手术成功的可能性是很大的。
The operation has a good chance of success.
There is a chance that… 有可能=It is likely that…
There is a chance that I will be chosen for the team.
有可能我被选拔到队里。
市长没有可能改变主意。
There is no chance that the mayor will change his mind.
take a chance (on sth) 冒险
we took a chance on the weather and planned to have the party outside.
我们怀着天气可能会好的侥幸心理筹划到户外聚会。
2. compare… with/to…与…作比较 compare… to…把…比作
Cotton production rose by 30%, compared with last year.
与去年相比，棉花产量增长了30%。
与过去相比，我们的生活要好得多。
Compared with the past, out life is much better.
People often compare teachers to gardeners.
人们经常把老师比作园丁。
这位诗人把他的爱人比作红玫瑰.
The poet compared his lover to a red rose.
3. feed on 表示“以...为食, 以...为能源”
牛主要以草为食 .
Cows mainly feed on grass.
The new car feeding on solar energy is in great demand.
这种新型的以太阳能为能源的汽车需求量极大。
feed 还可表示 “喂…给…吃”，即 feed sth to sb 或 feed sb on/with sth
他的女儿用牛奶喂那只被遗弃的狗。
His daughter fed milk to the deserted dog .
4. be likely to 表示“可能”，常用以下结构:
sb. / sth. be likely to do… It’s (most / very) likely that…
adj. 很可能的，有希望的
She is very likely to ring me tonight.
Tian Liang is the most likely to be the champion.
It is very likely that the government will not support our advice.
adv. 很可能（用在most和very后）
They will very likely come by car.
注意：likely, possible, probable
5. deadly
adj. 极其危险的，致命的，极度的，非常的
The murdered man had many deadly enemies.
Cancer is a deadly disease.
adv. 非常，极其
I was a deadly boring play.
I was deadly sleepy.
die dying dead death deadly
6. jewellery (jewelry) 珠宝，首饰 n.（U）
jewel 宝石, 珠宝首饰 n. (C)
The rich lady has a great deal of gold_____________.
The family_______ are locked away in a safe(保险箱).
7. avoid表示“避开；避免”
通常用于 avoid sth avoid doing sth
In order to avoid failure, we had to work harder.
You should avoid mentioning anything that may embarrass her.
8. panic
n. 惊慌；恐慌
I got into a panic when I found a door was locked.
There was an immediate panic when the alarm sounded.
v. 受惊；惊慌 (panicked, panicked)
Don’t panic.
9. Hit the shark on the nose. 打在鲨鱼的鼻子上。
这是一种动词 + 宾语 + by (on, in) + the + 身体部位等的结构，此种类型常用的动词有：catch, pull, shake, seize, hit, take
He was wounded in the arm.
The ball hit the boy on the head.
He led the cow by the nose.
The old man shook him by the hand.
10. stick
He walks with the help of a walking stick.
Don’t stick your head out of the train window.
Don’t stick paper on the wall.
He got stuck in the mud.
The needle stuck in my finger.
stick to 坚持某种原则
If you stick to it long enough, you can fond the answer to the problem.
11. 倍数的表达方式有三种：
(1) A+ be + 倍数 + the + 长（宽，高）的名词形式+ of +B.
The new building is four times the size of the old one.
The new road is three times the width of the old one.
(2) A+ be（或其他动词） + 倍数 + adj /adv的比较级+ than +B.
The sun is a million times larger than the earth.
This boy runs three times faster than his brother.
(3) A+ be（或其他动词） + 倍数 +as + adj /adv的原级+ as +B.
The car runs three times as fast as I walk.
This factory produced three times as many cars this year as last year.
重要词组
1. 独特的感官 unique senses
2. 长期的进化过程 the long process of evolution
3. 在艰苦的环境中幸存 survive hard environment
4. 400种不同种类的鲨鱼 400 different types of sharks
5. 以人类为食 feed on humans
6. 减少被攻击的可能性 reduce the chances of being attacked
7. 避开大白鲨 avoid the great white shark
8. 在海中溺死 drown in the ocean
9. 一个致命的伤口 a deadly wound
1. review n.
a review of the year’s sporting events
The speaker presented a review of recent developments in the middle East.
This is a report about a review of progress in computer science over the last 20 years.
Nuclear weapons systems are currently under review
come up for review
The ban on whaling came up for review in 1990.
Write reviews for the monthly magazines.
v.
The old man reviewed his life.
You should review your lessons regularly.
President will review the soldiers on parade.
The Spring Festival gala is well reviewed,
2. broadcast n.
A broadcast of a baseball game
v.
The CBS broadcasts the news at 7 am.
The BBC broadcasts day and night
The match will be broadcast live on TV this afternoon.
a broadcasting station
3.uncertain adj.
I’m uncertain whether he will come.
He was uncertain what to do next.
I was uncertain about /of my success.
The old man seemed uncertain about /of his own birthday.
uncertain weather
a man with an uncertain temper
4.altogether adv.
That’s 150 dollars altogether.
He forgot it altogether.
She was not altogether pleased with her new house
5.superior adj.
The carpet is far superior to that one in quality.
In my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior to those made by machines.
His knowledge of French literature is superior to mine.
She is a girl of superior intelligence.
n.
I’ll speak to your superior about this careless work.
We will need a letter of recommendation from one of your superiors.
6. recording n.
Yesterday ,we made a recording of lessons given by three experienced teachers.
We made a recording of the songs.
record v& n
Listen to speaker carefully and record what he says.
She holds /keeps the world record for the 100 meters.
The old teacher kept a record of all his old students
break the record set up / establish a new record
equal / tie the world record
7. wind wound /wound v.
I wind this clock every day.
The nurse wound a bandage around my arm.
The river winds through the jungle.
The road winds up the mountain.
wind up
It was one of those old gramophones that you have to wind up.
Because he often drove carelessly, he wound up dead at last.
8. electric adj
an electric motor/ light/fan /iron
electrical adj.
electrical engineer
electronic adj.
an electronic calculator
9. apply v.
I will apply to the company for the job.
I come here to apply for the job.
Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes.
The teacher is trying to apply the theory to his teaching.
The 20% discount only applies to club members
The school rules apply to us all.
apply oneself to sth/ doing sth =be applied to sth/ doing sth
You would pass the exam if you applied yourself to your study.
Applied to his computer games, the boy didn’t realize that he had his wallet stolen.
10.demand v
The work of a teacher demands great care and patience.
He demanded to see the manager.
He demanded a book of me.
The UN has demanded that all troops should be withdrawn.
The firms are attempting to meet/satisfy their customers’demands.
Good teachers are always in demand.
Feed the baby on demand.
He met a demanding boss, so he decided to quit the job.
11.degree n.
The students show various degrees of skill in doing the experiments.
To what degree is she interested in films?
The teacher drew an angle of ninety degrees on the blackboard.
The temperature today is two degrees higher than yesterday.
He passed the exams and has got a doctor’s degree.
12. spring v&n
A wind suddenly sprang up.
Towns have sprung up in what was a dry desert.
He sprang to his feet .
A strange idea sprang up in my mind.
Supporting groups sprang up all over the country.
hot springs
The springs in this sofa are very nice
13. personally adv.
Personally , I don’t like this painting.
The president personally answered the letter.
I admire his skill but dislike him personally.
14. delight n&v
To my great delight, my son passed the exam.
The child takes delight in playing tricks on others.
She read the book with delight.
Her dancing delighted everyone present.
They were delighted that the date of the conference had been fixed.
15. variety n
a life full of variety
We demanded more variety in our food.
He didn’t come for a variety of reasons.
There is a large variety of patterns to choose form
A variety of books is intended for the children of different ages.
16. assume v
I had assumed him to be a Japanese.
Don’t always assume the worst.
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
Assuming that you are right about this ,what shall we do?
17. convenience n
For convenience , you can pay for everything at once.
The folding chair is a great convenience
Please come at your convenience.
18. accompany v.
Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.
I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.
1.then and now过去和现在
2. sixyears ago六年前
3. domany things做很多事
4.write letters to his friends = write to his friends写信给他的朋友
5. inthe office在办公室里
6. usethe telephone使用电话
7.call people打电话给人们
8. amobile phone一部手机
9.call people anywhere随处打电话给人们
10.write/send an email写/发一封电子邮件
11.listen to the radio听收音机
12.watch news on the Internet在网上看新闻
13.read e-books看电子书
14.make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
15.e-friends from all over the world来自世界各地的网友
16. doshopping = do the shopping = do some shopping = go shopping购物
17.work hard努力工作
18.invent the aeroplane发明飞机
19. anAmerican man一位美国男士
20. aBritish girl一个英国女孩
21.have an English lesson上一节英语课
22.look out of the window朝窗外看
23.listen to me听我说
24. goon继续
25.spell the new words拼写新单词
26.get angry = be angry生气的
27.make a sentence with …用…来造句
28.wait for the answer等待答案
29. aphoto of yourself一张你自己的照片
30.just now刚才
31. amoment ago一会儿以前
32.read newspapers for news看报纸上的新闻
33.buy things from shops从商店买东西
34.use …to… 用…做…
35.readand draw 读和画
36.doshopping on the Internet 在网上购物
37.surfthe Internet 网上冲浪
38.buyme a mobile phone/buy a mobile for me 给我买手机
39.usethe phone to call you 用电话打给你
38.likemaking friends 喜欢交朋友。
二，句型
1. What day is today? = What day is it today? = What’s the day today?
今天星期几?
2. Six years ago, Mike could read and draw, but he could not write.
Now he can do many things. www. xkb1.com
六年前麦克会阅读和画画，但是他不会写。现在他会做许多事情。
3.He wrote letters a week ago.一周前他写了信。
4.They listened to the radiofor news ,yesterday.
昨天他们听录音机里的新闻。
5.The man can call peopleanywhere.这个男人可以在任何地方打电话给人们。
6. My brother could not drawbefore. 我的弟弟以前不会画画。
字母组合ee, ea在单词中的的发音：[ i: ]
例：feet beef meet see feed tea read eat repeat
脚 牛肉 遇见 看见 喂养 茶 阅读 吃 重复
注：1、ee组合绝大部分发长音[ i: ]，只有少部分发短音[ i ]，如：coffee 咖啡
2、ea字母组合除了发[ i: ]，还有可能发[ e ]等发音，如：bread 面包，或者发[ ei ]，如：great 好极了
重点知识及语法
1、 询问做什么事/活动：—What do you do …? —I often play ping-pong…
询问星期几上什么课：—What do you have on…? —We have English class…
2、一般疑问句的问与答：—Do you often read books? —Yes, I do. —No, I don’t.
3、 on+具体某一天(年月日，星期)，如：on Monday/Tuesday…
课外 at+具体时刻(…点钟)，如：at 12 o’clock 在十二点整
补充： in+大致时间(年月，早中晚)，如：in 在 in the morning/afternoon/evening
4、play + 球类、棋类、娱乐活动，如：play football/ping-pong
补充：play + the + 乐器(第四单元知识)，如：play the pipa/piano/violin…
重点作文
1、描写一周的生活，如：My week
思路导引
(1)开头：简单的自我介绍：My name’s…/ I’m…
(2)中间：1) 介绍周一至周五的情况，可以着重介绍自己最喜欢的那一天：
I go to school from Monday to Friday. I like…because I have…
2)介绍自己周六、日的活动：I often watch TV/…on the weekend.
一、单词
T-shirt T恤衫 skirt 裙子 cap帽子 jacket夹克衫
nice好看的 great 好极了 new新的 red 红色的
it它 it’s=it is
二、词组
look at 看 my new skirt我的新裙子
a nice jacket一件漂亮的夹克衫 nice clothes漂亮的衣服
What colour? 什么颜色?
三、句型
1.Look at my T-shirt. 看我的T恤衫。
2.It’s nice. 它很漂亮。
3. How nice! 真好看!
4.It’s great. 它好看极了。
5.What colour is my T-shirt? 我的T恤衫是什么颜色的?
6.They all look great! 他们都看上去很棒!
四、知识点：
1.用It’s ….How …! 对所看到的物品进行赞美。
例如：It’s nice/new/great/neat.
How nice/new/great/neat.
2.Look!...和Look at ….的区别。
look 是一个动词，意思是看啊!如：Look, this is a lovely monkey.
look at 是一个词组，表示看什么东西，后面一定要加看的具体事物，
如：Look at my cap..
练习：
一、选出不同类的词，并将其序号填入括号
( )1. A. cap B. morning C. sweater
( )2. A. am B. are C. an
( )3.A. shirt B. red C. skirt
( )4.A. my B. he C. you
( )5.A. nice B. great C. look
二、中译英
1.look at 2.a nice cap
3.look great 4.my new skirt
一、词汇：
school学校subject科目，学科see 看见
timetable课程表Chinese语文（课）Maths 数学（课）Art 美术（课）PE体育（课）Music 音乐（课）Science 科学（课）fun 乐趣，快乐playground 操场 Monday 星期一lesson 课afternoon 下午
二、短语：
welcome back to欢迎回到……go to去……
new timetable 新的课程表what subject 什么学科
like Chinese 喜欢语文what about…… 怎么样 go to the playground 去操场what lesson 什么课
this morning 今天早上this afternoon 今天下午
三、音标：
Aa/ei/cake 蛋糕grape 葡萄make 做skate 滑冰table 桌子name 名字plate 盘子take 拿，带wake 醒来baby 婴儿
一、词汇：
go 去match比赛today 今天every 每个day 天when 什么时候
Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期日
二、短语：
after school 放学后all right 好的get up 起床play table tennis 打乒乓球what day 星期几at five 在五点钟
a football match一场足球赛a swimming lesson 一节游泳课on Saturday在周六every day 每天
三、音标：
Aa/ æ /bag书包cap 帽子hamburger 汉堡包
sandwich 三明治snack 快餐dad 爸爸
Section 1 A text structure analysis of Appreciating literature
I. Summary of the text
Main idea of the passage Classic literature is worth appreciating.
Main idea of part 1 The definition of classic literature.
Main idea of part 2-3 Classics are not out of fashion.
Main idea of part 4 Brief introduction of Charles Dickens.
Main idea of part 5 One of Dickens’ novels Great Expectations.
II. A tree diagram of the text
III. A retold version of the text
Section A 1.go to the mountains去爬山
2.visit +地点/人
visitor
n.旅游者 3.不定代词：
人：somebody
anybody
nobody everybody
someone
anyone
no one
everyone
物：something
anything
nothing
everything
(1)和every相关的 everybody、everyone、everything可用于各类句子。例：Everything goes well一切顺利
(2)和any 相关的 anyone、anybody、anything用于否定句和疑问句。例：Mary doesn’t know anything about the news(3)和some相关的somebody、someone、something用于肯定句，表示“某人或某物”。例：Someone is singing.(4)Nobody、no one、nothing本身具有否定意义。例：Nobody knows this important secret.(5)形容词与不定代词相连用的位置：
不定代词+形容词 例：something important anything special(6)不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。4.go with+sb 和某人一起去„„ 5.Long time no see 好久不见
6.quite a few相当多=lots of=a lot of=plenty of 接可数名词a few有一些
、few很少（几乎没有、否定概念）接不可数名词 a little有一些、little很少（几乎没有、否定概念）7.take photos拍照
take photos with 和„„合影
take photos of 给„„拍照 8.what about+名词/代词/动名词 9.Most of the time大多数时间
谓语动词的单复数取决于Most of 后面所修饰的名词 例：Most of the students go to the beach.例：Most of the water turns green.10.taste/look/feel/sound/smell+形容词
11.一切顺利：Everything was excellent./ Everything goes well 12.你认为„„怎么样？
How do you like„？=what do you think of „?= how do you feel about„? 13.buy sb sth=buy sth for sb 14.Seem 看起来„„
(1)seem+形容词 例：Tom seems tired.(2)Seem like “好像” 例：It seems like a good idea.(3)Seem to do“似乎” 例：I seem to have a cold.(4)It seems/seemed +从句
“似乎” 例：It seems that I can pass the exam.15.nothing much to do没什么事可做
nothing„but
出了„„之外，什么也没有 16.Bye for now 到这该说再见了 17.feed----fed 喂养 18.Keep a diary 记日记
Section B 1.到达
（1）arrive in+大地点
arrive at+小地点
（2）get to +地点（3）reach+地点 2.decide to do 决定做„„
3.try doing sth 动作已发生，不一定付出太多努力
try to do sth
动作未发生，付出努力 4.（1）feel like+从句
“感受到„„”
例：He feels like he is swimming.（2）feel like “想要„„”+名词/代词/动名词 例：Do you feel like taking a walk with me? 5.wonder “想知道，琢磨”后接who,what,why等疑问词引导的宾语从句。
例：I wonder who the man is.6.in the past 在过去
pass v.通过
pass the exam通过考试
7.(1)want to do
(2)want sb to do
(3)want sb not to do 8.Start to do =start doing sth=begin to do =begin doing sth Start 作“开始”讲时，start 与begin 两者可以互换，但是start表示“出发、机器开动、创办”讲时，不能用begin 9.wait for+某人/某物
wait at+地点
例:I wair for the bus at the bus station.10.Over（1）结束
（2）在„„上方(3)遍及all over the world（4）超过，多余=more than 11.太多（1）too many+可数名词
（2）too much+不可数名词
太
much too+形容词
12.because of +词组/名词/代词/动名词
Because+句子
13.bring 带来，take带走,fetch去取并且拿来 Bring/take
+ 人/物
+ to +地点 14.Enough(1)形容词+enough(2)名词+enough 或者
enough+名词
15.as(1)像„„一样
(2)作为
（3）按照
（4）当„„的时候 16.forget to
未做
, forget doing已做
17.stop doing 停止做„„
Stop to do 开始做„„ 18.dislike =hate 19.why not+动词原形 =why don’t you+动词原形 20.（1）so „ that„ 如此„„以至于„„
（2）so that 为了
He runs quickly so that he can catch up the bus.(3)so +形容词+冠词+名词
such +冠词+形容词+名词 21.Tell sb(not)to do sth 22.Keep doing sth 一直做„„ 23.Jump into跳入
Jump off 跳离
Jump over跳过
Jump out of 跳出
24.come up 出现，发生
25.What +a/an +adj+可数名词单数+主语+谓语
What + adj+可数名词复数+主语+谓语
26.how+adj/adv+主语+谓语
how+主语+谓语
多音字
卷：juǎn(卷曲)juàn(试卷)
载：zǎi(记载)zài(载客)
劲：jìng(苍劲) jìn(有劲)
恶：è(凶恶)ě(恶心)wù(厌恶)
宿：sù(宿舍)xiǔ(一宿)xiù(星宿)
参：cān(参加)shēn(人参)cēn(参差不齐)
近义词
创造——制造 盘踞——占领 险恶——凶恶
选择——抉择 恭敬——尊敬 领悟——领会
劲挺——挺拔 风雨同舟——同舟共济
三番五次——接二连三
反义词
干旱——湿润 险恶——和善 恭敬——傲慢
宏伟——渺小 风雨同舟——过河拆桥
勇敢——胆怯 不紧不慢——心急如焚
理解词语
丈：原市制单位，一丈约等于3.3333米。
肆虐：任意残杀或迫害。文中指西伯利亚大风经常吹刮，给当地造成很大的破坏和损失。
盘踞：非法占据。文中指经常受到干旱、霜冻、沙尘暴的迫害。
归宿：人或事物的最终的着落。文中指青山是老人生命的终结地。
劲挺：坚强有力地挺立着。文中指在山洼、山腰里的杨树、柳树挺立着，生命力非常旺盛。
淤泥：河流、湖沼、水库、池塘中沉积的泥沙。文中指树下堆积的泥土。
荡漾：(水波)一起一伏地动。文中指老人的院子里到处充满着绿色，到处被植被所围绕。
治理：管理，处理、整修。
领悟：领会的意思。
风雨同舟：在狂风暴雨中同乘一条船，一起与风雨搏斗。比喻共同经历患难。
山川共存：与山川融为一体。
日月同辉：日月的光芒交相辉映。
三番五次：形容次数很多，次数频繁。
不紧不慢：形容心情平静，行动从容。
句子解析
1.我们盘腿坐在土炕上，就像坐在船上，四周全是绿色的波浪，风一吹，树梢卷过涛声，叶间闪着粼粼的波光。
窗外满山的杨柳浓密葱郁，在风的吹拂下，高低起伏，犹如海上的波浪。作者用比喻的方法，描写了漫山遍野绿意盎然，林间松涛阵阵、叶间微泛绿波的画面，喻示着老人投身山林、为改造山沟所作出的巨大贡献。
2.他觉得种树是命运的选择，屋后的青山就是生命的归宿。
面临享福与吃苦的抉择，老农毫不犹豫地选择了吃苦，选择了开辟山沟、改造山林的艰苦之路，因为他知道自己还有许多事没有完成，这条山沟还需要他，需要他不断地种树绿化，因此他愿意将自己的一生都奉献给这山沟，将自己的生命都奉献给这青山。
3.是的，保住了这黄土，我们才有这绿树;有了这绿树，我们才守住了这片土。
黄土和绿树是互依互存，不可分割的。黄土提供了绿树成长所需的养料，而绿树的根则扎紧、牵绊着黄土，使之不至于流失。这正如老农与青山是息息相关、不可分离的。这片青山养育了老农，而老农用自己一生的努力，创造了这片绿色的奇迹，作为对青山的回报。其实人与自然又何尝不是如此?
4.他已经将自己的生命转化为另一种东西。他是真正与山川共存、与日月同辉了。
“另一种东西”，表面上指的是老农创造的这片绿洲，事实上还包含着开辟山林、绿化家园的精神和造福后代的情怀。老人用自己的勤劳善良创造了这片绿洲，有限的生命创造了无限的价值，生命的意义在茫茫青山中得到无限扩张，而且将随着青山永垂不朽，这是不会因为年龄的增长而变老的。
5.这位普通老人让我领悟到：青山是不会老的。
这是总结全文的中心句，点明中心，升华主旨。老人留下的不仅是这片青山，还有更宝贵的东西——保护环境的意识，造福后代、造福人类的精神。老人植树造林、保护家园的精神永远流传，青山必将长青。
问题归纳
1.读课文，想一想课文写了什么?
这篇课文讲述了一位山野老农，将毕生的精力用于植树造林工作，用的时间在晋西北创造了一篇绿洲，以此来实现自己的人生价值，造福子孙后代。
2.文中的老人创造了怎样的奇迹?
答：文中的老人用十五年的时间，绿化了八条沟，造了七条防风林带，三千七百亩林网，将原来狂风肆虐、沙暴盘踞的山沟改造成了绿意盎然的青山。
3.作为一个山野老农，他就这样来实现自己的价值。他已经将自己的生命转化为另一种东西。转化为的“另一种东西”指的是什么?
转化为的“另一种东西”是指转化为青山绿水，转化为不屈服于恶劣环境，顽强执著地开辟荒山、绿化家园的精神和造福后代的情怀。
4.老人是在什么样的条件下创造奇迹的?
(1)山沟环境十分险恶。
(2)生活条件艰苦。
(3)老人年老、瘦小。
(4)同伴、老伴相继离世。
5.课文为什么以“青山不老”为题?
老人用自己的勤劳创造了这片绿洲，用自己有限的生命创造了无限的价值。他的生命的意义在这茫茫的绿洲中得到延伸，他的精神与青山共存，永垂不朽。
课文分段
第一段(1)：描写了院子外面绿意浓浓的景观和一幅喜人画卷。
第二段(2-5)：写老人改造山林及绿化山沟所面临的困难以及所取得成绩。
第三段(6-7)：写“我”的感悟：青山是不会老的，点出文章中心意旨。
课文主题
Unit 1
1) 突然大笑起来 burst out laughing; burst into laughter
2) 取笑，拿。。。。。。开玩笑 make fun of
3) 玩得高兴 have fun; enjoy oneself; have a good/wonderful time
4) 对。。。。。。做出反应;答复。。。。。。 in response to…
5) 对。。。。。。的反应 (one’s) response/reaction to…
6) 排队等。。。。。。 queue/line up for…
7) 至关重要 of vital importance; vitally important
8) 对。。。。。热情 be enthusiastic about…
9) 呈现新面貌 take on a new look
10) 承担额外工作 take on extra work
11) 推卸责任 shift the responsibility/blame for sth onto sb
12) 发生;进行 go on
13) 过着舒适安逸的生活 live/lead a cosy life
14) 引起公众对。。。。。。的注意 raise public awareness of…
15) 出洋相 make a fool of oneself
16) 筹集资金 raise/collect money
17) 减肥 lose weight
18) 绊倒 trip over
19) 在电视上直播 be broadcast live on TV; a live broadcast of…on TV
20) 刷牙 brush one’s teeth
21) 打开(电器等) turn on/switch on
22) 虚构，捏造;组成，构成，占;弥补，补偿 make up
23) 受。。。。。。喜爱 be popular with…/popularity with…
24) 效仿 follow in the footsteps of…
25) 对。。。。。。有影响 have an effect/influence on…;
26) 战胜疼痛 fight pain
27) 查生词 look up a new word
28) 被分成。。。。。。 be divided into…
29) 为。。。。。。腾出地方 make room for…
30) 做。。。。。。是某人的责任 it’s one’s responsibility/duty to do…
31) 与。。。。。。相撞 bump/ knock/ run/ crash into…
32) 把。。。。。。一撕为二 tear sth in two; tear sth into halves
33) fool sb. into/out of doing… 哄骗某人干/不干某事
34) sb. be torn between…and… 左右为难
35) tear oneself away from… 依依不舍地离开;把。。。。。。拿走
36) in an emergency 在紧急情况下 40)raise sb to sb’s feet 将某人扶起
37) howl with laughter 狂笑 41)be supposed to …被期望;应该
38) in charge 负责;掌管 42)do fine 干得不错
39) take sb. on 雇佣某人
Unit 2
1) 在。。。。。。方面取得成功 achieve success in…
2) 实现目标 meet/reach/achieve/accomplish one’s goal
3) 以防(万一);如果 in case
4) 把。。。。。。描述成。。。。。。 describe…as…
5) 投身于，献身于 devote/dedicate one’s life/oneself to…
6) 使某人失去。。。。。。 cost sb sth
7) (使某人)振作起来，高兴起来 cheer (sb) up
8) 情绪高涨，兴高采烈 in high/good spirits
9) 以。。。。。。而自豪 be proud of…/take pride in
10) 适应。。。。。。 adjust/adapt (oneself) to…
11) 一系列 a series of…
12) 特别注意。。。。。。 pay special attention to…
13) 只要。。。。。。 so/as long as; if only
14) 充满 be full of; be filled with
15) 对。。。。。。满意 be content/pleased/satisfied with
16) 对。。。。。厌倦 be tired of/be bored with/be fed up with
17) 提高成绩 improve one’s grades
18) 放弃做。。。。。。 quit doing sth; give up doing
19) 回顾 look back on
20) 在阳光下 in the sun/sunshine
21) 保证所有人的健康和快乐guarantee good health and happiness for all
22) 做兼职 do/work part-time jobs
23) 简化生活 simplify one’s life
24) 花最多的时间做。。。。。spend the maximum amount of time doing…
25) 享受生活 enjoy one’s life
26) 为自由而奋斗 struggle/fight for freedom
27) 克服困难 overcome one’s difficulties; smooth away one’s difficulties
28) 令某人失望的是。。。。。。to one’s disappointment
29) 对。。。。。。乐观 be optimistic about…
30) 对。。。。。。表示同情 express/feel/have sympathy for…
31) 安排某人做。。。。。。arrange for sb to do…
32) 生动描述。。。。。。 give a vivid description/account of…
33) 与。。。。。。交流 communicate with sb
34) 做。。。。。。的动机 the motivation to do…
Unit 3
1) 上网 go online; log on
2) 收集信息 accumulate/gather/collect information
3) 一直，始终 all the time
4) 每当涉及到/提到。。。。。。时whenever it comes to…
5) 参与 participate in; take part in; join in
6)习惯于。。。。。。 be used to (doing)sth; be accustomed to (doing) sth
7) 满足几个目的 serve several purposes
8) 燃放爆竹 set off firecrackers
9) 与。。。。。。有联系/有关be connected with/to…; be linked/related to…
10) 在某人年轻时 in one’s youth
11) 尽可能。。。。。。 as…as possible; as…as sb can
12) 领某人参观。。。。。。take sb around; show sb around
13) 相关的人 the people concerned
14) 分发 give out; hand out
15) 与某人握手 shake hands with sb.
16) 与某人联系/接触 in contact/touch with sb
17) 使某人能够做。。。。。。enable sb to do…
18) 与众不同的 with a difference
19) 乐器 musical instruments
20) 是。。。。。。的家园 home to…
21) 属于 belong to…
22) 信仰;信赖 believe in
23) 养成。。。。。。的习惯 form/be in the habit of…; get/fall into the habit of…;
24) 改掉坏习惯 kick/quit/get out of/get rid of the bad habit(s)
25) 一般来说，。。。。。。 generally (speaking); in general
26) log off 关机;下线
27) go through the proper procedure 履行正确的程序
28) hold up 延迟，阻碍;搀扶，支撑;举起，抬起
29) hunt for 追猎;搜寻，寻找
30) make a(no/some)difference有(没有/有一些)关系/影响/区别
31) native speakers of English 英语是其母语的人
32) meet with 偶然遇见/碰见;开会
33) settle down 定居，过安定的生活;安下心来，平静下来
34) adjust (oneself) to…调整，调节;适应
35) settle differences 消除分歧
36) as far as I’m concerned,… 就我而言
37) take sth into account 考虑。。。。。。
38) account for…解释，说明;了解，查明;占(比例)39)in plain clothes穿着便服
Unit 4
1) 生活在贫困中 live in poverty
2) 由。。。。。。组成 be made up of; consist of
3) 解决问题 settle/solve a problem
4) 在。。。。。。方面进行合作 co-operate in…
5) 提升人们对。。。。。。的意识 increase/raise people’s awareness of…
6) 吸引某人对。。。。。。的注意力draw/attract one’s attention to…
7) 一笔钱 a sum of money
8) 缺乏。。。。。。 (a )lack/shortage of…; lack…
9) 让某人可得到。。。。。。 …be available/accessible to sb
10) 使某人意识到。。。。。。 make sb aware of…
11) 帮助需要帮助的人 help people in need
12) 被强迫做。。。。。。 be forced to do…
13) 给。。。。。。捐钱 donate money to…
14) 改善生活条件 improve living conditions
15) 出故障;抛锚; sth break down
16) 患(某种疾病) suffer from…
17) 提出(方案、建议等) put forward; come up with
18) 体重增加 put on weight; gain weight
19) 开展活动 conduct a campaign
20) 使某人想起。。。。。。 remind sb of sth
21) 做自愿者工作 do voluntary work
22) 从。。。。。。中吸取教训 draw lessons from…
23) 代表。。。。。。 on behalf of…
24) 生活舒适 live in comfort; live a comfortable life
25) volunteer for sth/volunteer to do sth自愿做。。。。。。
26) make an urgent request for sth 紧急要求得到。。。。。。
27) if only 只要;但愿，要是。。。。。。就好了
28) by means of/by no means/by all means凭借/决不/当然可以
29) on purpose 故意地 36) at the expense of… 以。。。。。。为代价
30) flood-stricken areas 洪泛区 37) refer to谈及;涉及;指;参考;查阅
31) bring sb. closer together 使。。。更团结 38) apart from…除了……(还有)
32) bring people’s attention to… 使人们注意。。。 39) in chaos/in a mess处于混乱状态
33) bring up children 教育/抚养孩子 40) promote respect for…增进对。。。的尊重
34) fresh water 淡水 41) look out for…留神;提防
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