高考英语作文类型及范文(精选10篇)
9.Opinions on this phenomenon differ from person to person.10.I am here firmly supportive of …
书信:
1.I heard with delight that...2.I am looking forward to your reply
3.I am here firmly supportive of
4.To conclude
5.I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.6.I‟m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about....(一)、对比观点
1、提出主题
(1)The topic of(主题)is becoming more and more popular nowadays.(3)…has attracted extensive(广泛的)attention of the society.(4)There is no consensus(一致)of opinion among people as to the view of…
2、展开
(1)Firstly…secondly(besides)…thirdly(finally)
(2)For one thing…for another…what’s more…
(3)On one hand…on the other hand…moreover…
3、转折
(1)On the contrary…
(2)however, as a coin has two sides…
4、自己的看法
I am here firmly supportive of …
5、喊口号
(1)Only through…can we…
对比观点例文1
There is a widespread concern over the issue that(作文题目)But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from
本卷第1页(共3页)
person
to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一_.In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place,原因一.Furthermore, in the second place, 原因二.So it goes without saying that观点一.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that观点二.In their point of view, on the one
hand,原因一.On the other hand,原因二.Therefore, there is no doubtthat观点二_.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或二.It is not only because ____, but also because ____.The more ____,the more___.对比观点例文2
_____ is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say ____ is their favorite.They hold their viewfor the reason of ____.What is more,_____。Moreover,______.While others think that _____ is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,_____.Secondly(besides),______.Thirdly(finally),___.From my point of view, I think _____.The reason is that _____.As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.3、展开
(2)To begin with,(缺点一).In addition,(缺点二).To make matters worse…
.5、喊口号
(1)Only through…can we have a bright future.看图作文:最后喊口号It’s high time that + 一般过去时
四、书信作文模板
(一)开头部分
(1)How nice to hear from you again.(3)I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr.9th.(4)I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.(5)I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.(二)结尾部分
(1)With best wishes!
(2)I’m looking forward to your early reply.(3)I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.Dear...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you.And I would like to write aletter to tell you that_____.……
I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours,Lihua.五、口头通知常见写作模板
(一)称呼语及开场白部分
(1)Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.(二)正文部分
(1)All the teachers and students are required to attend it.(2)Please take your notebooks and make notes.(3)Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.(4)Please come on time and don’t be late.(三)结束语部分
(1)Please come and join in it.(2)Everybody is welcome to attend it.(3)I hope you’ll have a nice time here.That’s all.Thank you.1.Friends give us …朋友给予我们…。
2.A good friend is someone you can …一位好朋友就是一个我们能够…的人。
3.The first time I met …, he was …当我第一次遇到…的时候,他…。
4.Friendship plays an important part in …友谊在…中扮演一个重要角色。
5.You can … to be a good friend.你可以…来成为别人的好朋友。
6.We can turn to...when we feel down.当我们心情糟糕时,可以求助于…。
7.… makes a good friend.…成就好朋友。
8.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真知。
9....is one of the things people value most in a friend.… 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。
一、短文改错类型分析
笔者通过对2009年全国卷及各省市高考短文改错的分析, 发现其类型可谓多种多样, 但归纳起来可以分为九大方面:
1. 冠词
冠词错误通常是不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的漏用、多用或误用。例如:
Just before I turned corner of park street.I happened to see an accident. (2009全国卷Ⅱ)
分析:漏用定冠词the, 应在turned后面加the。
2. 介词
介词错误主要出现在其与名词、动词等的习惯搭配, 固定短语方面。例如:
I asked my father the money. (2009辽宁卷)
分析:介词与动词的习惯搭配错误, 此结构应为ask sb.for sth.应在father后面加for。
3. 名词
名词错误主要体现在单复数变化上。根据上下文的要求, 该用复数的用了单数, 该用单数的却用了复数, 以及一些可数名词、不可数名词的概念性错误。例如:
The second man pointed to his glass and asked if the angel could cure his poor eyesight. (2009四川卷)
分析:名词单复数错误, 应把glass改为glasses。
4. 形容词/副词
形容词、副词的错误多出现在以下几个方面:形容词、副词往往混用, 比较等级误用, 名词、形容词概念错误等。例如:
The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school are gone. (2009全国卷Ⅰ)
分析:比较等级误用。这里表示老的意思, 不含比较级, 应把older改为old。
5. 代词格
代词主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词等的误用。例如:
The second man pointed to his glasses and asked if the angel could cure her poor eyesight. (2009四川卷)
分析:人称代词的误用, her应改为his。
6. 连接词
连接词的错误主要指表示转折、因果、并列、递进等关系词的误用。例如:
Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there. (2009全国卷Ⅰ)
分析:根据句意, 前、后句是转折关系, 故将besides改为but。
7. 谓语动词
谓语动词方面的错误主要指时态、语态、主谓一致等的误用。例如:
(1) I mean to give it back to you before four in the afternoon, and I was hold up on my way back. (2009全国卷Ⅱ)
分析:谓语动词时态错误, mean应改为meant;谓语动词被动语态中过去分词拼写错误, hold应改为held。
(2) The Sichuan Restaurant and the old fish shop across the street from our middle school were gone. (2009全国卷Ⅰ)
分析:谓语动词时态错误, were应改为are。
8. 非谓语动词
非谓语方面出现的错误主要体现在不定式、现代分词、过去分词及动名词的误用。例如:
My classmate, Joseph, is at present in hospital with a breaking leg. (2009陕西卷)
分析:非谓语动词做定语, 与所修饰词是被动关系, 用过去分词, breaking应改为broken。
9. 固定结构或词
固定结构或词组的错误主要是一些固定句型, 句式或结构错用。例如:
(1) I’m sorry that I wasn’t able to return to your bike on time yesterday. (2009全国卷Ⅱ)
分析:return是及物动词, 不与to连用, 所以把return后的to去掉。
(2) So I helped them going to the nearest hospital. (2009全国卷Ⅱ)
分析:help的固定结构错误, 应为help sb. (to) do sth.所以把going改为go。
二、短文改错解题策略
由以上改错类型分析, 我们可以看出高考改错题考点基础灵活, 覆盖面广。总结起来, 做此题型时应注意以下几个方面的技巧:
1. 通读全文, 整体理解。
粗略的诵读全文, 能对文章获得一种全面的理解。我们的着眼点在于了解短文的大意、文体、时态、行文逻辑方面的概况。
2. 至少以一个句子为单位, 从每一行里找错误。
改错是建立在一定的语境中进行的, 只有根据上下文来把握语言的得体性, 用词的准确性即整个语篇的连贯性, 才能准确无误的找出错误之处, 尤其是一些固定句型、短语搭配和连词方面的错误, 不能只盯某一行。
3. 要有基本的英文常识。
例如:可数名词表达泛指或类型时, 要加冠词, 或用复数, 不可能很突兀的直接出现, 如Lawyer should be talkative. (Lawyer→Lawyers) 再如一些基本的修辞知识应懂得, 形容词修饰名词, 副词修饰形容词、动词等都应该知道。例如:She plays as good as Mary. (good→well)
4. 扎实掌握基础知识。
对于一些基本语法概念, 如定语从句的运用、非谓语动词的综合运用等, 一些重要的课标词、高频词及固定短语、固定句型的用法一定要熟练掌握, 灵活运用。
5. 注意答题要规范, 符合高考要求。
高考为正规考试, 对答题有一定要求, 不按要求答题者, 就不能得分。每年短文改错都有因不按要求答题而白白的丢失了本可以得到的分数的情况。
(1) 不少考生答题时, 未在左边的短文上用规定的符号标明错误的位置和类型, 即未用“/”符号将多余的词划掉, 在少词处未用缺词符号“∧”标明, 在错词处未用横线标明需改动的词。
(2) 有些考生不用规定的符号来标, 而是用文字说明或用箭头表示, 如“将/把......改为......”;“去掉......”;在“......前/后加......”等, 这样答题是不规范的。
(3) 应保持卷面整洁, 同一行中不应出现多个改错符号或多处改动, 让阅卷者感到茫然。
总之, 高考英语短文改错是对学生基础知识和基本技能的考查, 是对中学生英语写作能力的检测。同学们只有勤学多练, 打好基础, 才能面对试题举重若轻, 泰然自若。
摘要:高考英语短文改错题侧重对学生基础知识的考查, 是一个看起来容易但做起来却没把握的题目。本文分析了高考英语短文改错题的类型, 并提出了一些解题策略。
关键词:高考英语,NMET,短文改错,解题策略
参考文献
[1]教育部考试中心.2010高考考试大纲的说明[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2009.
(四)四、议论类
1.请以下面一句话为开头续写文章。
有时一种力量会很可怕,有时看起来很可怕的东西其实没什么力量。要求:标题自拟,立意自定,文体自选,不少于800字。【命题理由】
给出文章的第一句话,然后续写文章,这样的命题会在高考出现吗?实际上,这种题目已经在中考中得到验证了。这种题目的优点在于:一是可以有效地防止抄袭、宿构;二是可以充分考查考生的联想想像„能力;三是可以考查考生迅速审题立意的能力。有这三条,足以让命题人眼前一亮了。所以,在未来的高考中,这种题目完全有可能出现。【命题指导】
一般来说,这种文题的审题重点就是所给出的一句话,这句作为“开头”句的话,往往暗含了文章的关键词,我们需要找出关键词,并对关键词的含义进行分析。比如给出的题目,他的关键词就是“力量”,围绕这一关键词我们可以分析一下,题目的态度是什么(实际上是命题人的态度),这一点同样要从句中寻找。我们看到,这句话前后给了两个观点:“力量很可怕”“看起来可怕的东西没什么力量”。我们可以分析一下,什么样的力量很可怕?什么东西看起来可怕其实没有什么力量?这时候就需要联想了,要联想到生活中的种种现象,历史上的种种事例,以及个人的经历,等等。这样就找到了主题与材料,然后再确定文体与写法,就可以顺利完成写作任务了。2.阅读下列文字,按要求作文。
永恒,是大浪淘沙,留下了真金在那里闪烁。瞬间,是小河的细流,沉下了冲刷的碎石。永恒是绝对的,有如真理是永恒存在的。瞬间只是对事物表面的认识,容易受到感情的冲击。当春暖花开、春风和煦的时候你有好的心情出去游玩。在这时候,你就会发现生命的涌动,时光的轮回。这些永恒存在的东西,往往都必须是在一瞬间产生的。
读了上述文字,你有什么感悟呢?根据下面的要求,开拓你的思路,驰骋你的想像,展示你的才情,写一篇不少于800字的文章。
要求选择一个角度构思作文,自主确定立意,确定文体,确定标题;不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文,不得抄袭。【命题理由】
追求永恒是一个亘古不变的主题,但是世上很多事情都是瞬间即逝,而且在历史的长河中,很多所谓的永恒也只是瞬间,这种思辩其实是对人生的思考,能够让考生重构自己的价值观与人生观。【命题指导】
对于要求考生根据所给的情景和要求写一篇书面材料的题目,同学要注意并非按照“提示”逐句翻译,而是要求考生在充分领会“提示”的前提下,用自己的语言组织成一篇内容充实、语言正确、句子连贯、用词贴切的作文。纵观今年高考英语试题,主要内容是关于记人、叙事、写信和通知或看图作文等内容的记叙文、议论文和应用文。下面就分别根据这几种题材写作的要点做一介绍:
(1)记叙文:要求考生根据试卷中提供的情景,组织语言材料,编写成文。一般说来记叙文有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素,写作时要明白清楚地给予表达。记人时,要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程,叙述事情发生的前因后果等。
(2)议论文:要求考生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己看法。一般说来议论文文由论点、论据、论证三部分构成。
要做到:
1、论点正确无误。
2、论据可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理,也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。
3、论证合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。议论文一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。
(3)英语应用文:主要以写信为主。英文书信由6个部分组成。它们是信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签字。格式一定要正确。信的正文和写文章一样,要分段写,每一段有一个中心思想。
高考英语作文主要是以文章内容、语言、逻辑、字数等作为评分依据。从阅卷的情况来看,教师们更多地从整体上把握整篇文章,比较侧重语言文字的运用,但这并不意味着考生要刻意写一些花哨的东西。只要考生把在课本上出现的(尤其是每一个单元的对话)、老师讲过的、加上自己课外获得的知识真实地反映出来就可以了。那么,英语写作应注意什么问题呢?
无论是记叙文、议论文还是应用文,在具体写作过程中我们不妨按如下顺序进行。
首先,确定写作中心。根据这个中心,能够扩展的材料有哪些。要避免写那些与中心内容无关紧要的细节。要注意审题。考生对写什么(作文内容或要点),怎么写(行文和语言)在头脑里面必须有一个清晰的思路。从阅卷的情况来看,很多考生动笔就写,发现错误后,不得不进行修改。由于不准使用涂改液和胶条,致使卷面多处涂改,严重影响卷面整洁,也影响了考生的实际成绩。
其次,围绕中心,列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景要点,同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。
第三、根据字数多少,扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题,千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。扩展时要注意短文的字数,要写够100个词语,以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分。考生应该从遣词造句角度多下工夫。从词语上,尽可能运用已经学过的而且比较熟悉的词组、短语或成语;从句式上,力求变换各种句式,如强调句、倒装句、各种从句和固定句型等,长句和短句交错使用;英语和汉语中都有一词多义的现象,写作时同样的意思,考生应该尽可能用多种方法翻译,然后找出一个最佳表达。必须注意的是,考生一定不要片面追求花哨文字,拼凑一些错误百出的英语词句,使自己的成绩大打折扣。只要在确保没有错误的前提下作一些适当发挥即可。
例如:
1.He came here at 5 pm.yesterday.(一般句式)
2.He did not come here until 5 pm.yesterday.(否定句)
3.Not until/till 5 pm.did he come here yesterday.(倒装句)
4.It was not until/till 5 pm.that he came here yesterday.(强调句)
并且,行文连贯是阅卷教师比较看重的一个方面。为了使文章结构严密,增强说服力和感染力,考生应该在句与句之间,恰当地使用一些过渡性词语。常见的有:
表列举:for example、for instance、that is to say,etc
表补充:besides、in addition、moreover,etc
表对比:on the one hand…on the other hand、in spite of,etc
表原因:because of、thanks to、due to、owing to,etc
表结果:therefore、thus、as a result、so,etc
表结论:to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up,etc
表转折:however、nevertheless、yet,etc
另外,考生很容易出现句与句之间不使用连接词的错误,这是英语写作中的大忌。我们一定要牢记使用连接词。例如:
We are good friends and we should help each other.(并列连词)
As we are good friends,we should help each other.(从属连词)
Being good friemds,we should help each other.(非谓语动词)
When he was young,his father died in the civil war,but he didn#39;t lose heart.(从属/转折连词)
最后,考生应该把写完的作文阅读两遍,认真检查是否有拼写方面的错误,是否有时态、语态方面的错误,是否存在中式英语等等。
要想在高考英语“书面表达”部分取得高分,就必须在以下几个方面取得突破:
第一,内容要点的识别与表达;
第二,词汇;
第三,句型结构;
(一)语序不当
语序不当常见的情况有:
1、定语和中心语的位置颠倒:
例:我国棉花的生产,长期不能自给。(“棉花的生产”应为“生产的棉花”)
2、把实语放在状语的位置上:
例:广大青年表现出无比的进行改革的热情。(将“无比”的调至“热情”前)
3、把状语放在定语的位置上:
例:应该发挥广大青年的充分的作用。(将“充分”调至“发挥”前,并删掉一个“的”)。
4、多层定语语序不当:
例:展出几千年前刚出土的文物。(应将“几千年前”调至“文物”前后的“的”)
5、多层状语语序不当。
例:我们再也不是任意被列强欺侮的国家了。(应将“任意”调至“欺侮”之前)
6、关联词语位置不当:
例:他如果不能实事求是,事业就会受到损失。(“他”应移到“如果”的后面)
7、主客颠倒:
例:奥斯特洛夫斯基的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》对于中国青年是不陌生的。(应改为:中国青年对奥斯特洛夫斯基的。)
8、分句位置不当:
例:对于自己的路,他们在探索着他们在判断着,他们在寻找着,他们在思考着。(应改为:对于自己的路,他们在思考着,他们在判断着,他们在探索着,他们在寻找着。)
(二)搭配不当
1、主谓搭配不当:
例:他的革命精神时刻浮现在我眼前。(“精神”与“浮现”不能构成主谓关系,可将“精神”改为“形象”)
2、动宾搭配不当:
例:纪念三领先节的到来。(“纪念”的只能是“三八节”,不能是“到来”)
3、修饰语和中心语搭配不当:
例:我们严肃地研究了职工们的建议,又虚心地征求了专家们的意见。(“严肃”不能修饰“研究”,可以改为“认真”、“慎重”等)
4、主宾搭配不当:
例如:我们坚信,有这么一天,中国的农业和农业会成为发达的国家。(应将“国家”改为“行为)
5、关联词语搭配不当:
例:既然你来了,我也该走了。(”既然“和”也“不能搭配使用,应将”也“改为”就“)
(三)成分残缺或赘余
1、成分残缺
(1)缺主语:
例:由于她这样好的成绩,得到了老师和同学们的赞扬。(应改为”由于这样好的成绩,她得到了老师和同学们的赞扬“)
(2)缺谓语
例:旧社会,劳动人民吃不饱,穿不暖的生活。(或去掉”的生活“,或在”吃“前加”过着)
(3)缺宾语:
例:他们胸怀祖国,放眼世界,大力发扬了敢拼敢搏,终于夺得了冠军。(应在“敢搏”后加“精神”)
(4)缺少必要的附加成分:
例:一开春,小麦就长得很好,获得了可喜的收获。(应在“获得”前加“夏季”以限制时间)
(5)关联词语残缺:
例:这次学术会,收获很大,时间并不长。(应在“时间”前加“尽管”一词)
2、成分赘余
(1)主语多余
例:我们的革命前辈,为了人民的利益,他们流了多少血,献出了多少宝贵的生命。(前边有了主语“革命前辈”,因而“他们”不必要有。)
(2)谓语多余:
例:同学们正在努力复习,迎接高考到来。(“迎接”的是“高考”,而不是“到来”,故应删去。)
(3)宾语多余:
例:今天,我来到扬州瘦西湖的地方,游览了白塔、钧鱼台和五亭桥等风景点。(“的地方”多余,应去掉)
(4)附加成份多余:
例:为精简字数,不得不略加删改一些。(“一些”与前“略加”重复,可以删掉一个)
(四)结构混乱
(1)句式杂糅
例:你不认真学习,那怎么可能有好成绩是可想而知。(把反问句和判断句式糅在一起,破坏了句子结构和语气的完整。如果用反问句,应是“那怎么会有好的成绩呢?”如果用判断句,应是“成绩不好是可想而知的”。)
(2)语句杂糅
例:上海文艺出版社会出版的《生存》,作者是一位蜇居海外二十多年的加拿大籍华裔作者之手。(是主谓谓语句和动词谓语句杂糅而成,要去掉句末的“作者之手”)
(五)表意不明
1、指代不明:
例:有人主张接受,有人反对,他同意这种主张。(“这种主张”到底是指“接受”,还是“反对”,交代不清。)
2、句子歧义:
例:妹妹找不到爸爸妈妈心里很着急。(究竟况是“妹妹”心里着急呢?还是“爸爸”“妈妈”心里着急呢。还是“妈妈”心里着急呢?可在“爸爸”和“妈妈”中间加逗号,也可在“爸爸”前加逗号)
(六)不合逻辑
1、自相矛盾:
例如:他是多少个死难者中幸免的一个。(既然“幸免”,自然是没有死,怎么能说是“死难中的一个呢”?应改为:多少人死难了,他是幸免的一个。)
2、范围不清:
例:从事业的发展上看,还缺乏各项科学专家和各项人才。(各项人才包括科学家,不宜并列,应说“各学科的专家和其他人才”)
3、强加因果:
例:我两次看见他从这个工厂走出来,我才知道这个热心帮助病人的老人原来是个工人。(凭两次看见老人从工厂里走出来就断定他是工人,理由不充分。)
4、否定失当:
例:几年来,他无时无刻不忘搜集、整理民歌,积累了大量的资料。(“无时无刻”即“任何时候都”,句子表述刚好相反,可将“忘”改为“在”)
天空尚且留恋些彩霞不曾安睡,脚步终于还是没有融入到初夏的大合唱中,我,怀着我的那颗行走在六月的心,澎湃在涂满希望的金色的道路上!
脚印指引着我走进了梦的欢乐谷,刚想微笑一个永恒,却甘愿为满目的幸福歌唱的小草所驻足。它们,正充满理想;它们,正期盼着后半夜与露珠的亲吻。而我呢?我的心,也一定会有它自己的栖息地!
田野里,到处弥漫着新翻的泥土的气息,淡淡地,和着些许清凉,令我有种说不出来的的惬意;抬眼望去,暮色里,那起伏不平的田野里,那养育一方百姓的黑黝黝的泥土啊,你们,又终将灿烂成五彩的生命之花!
家,对了,心里还装着家的温馨,暖暖地,轻抚着六月的情怀,从来不曾隐喻在梦里。那盏心灯,哪怕在风雨里,也终于不灭!
【经济生活模块】
2月,国务院批准了《注册资本登记制度改革方案》,该方案明确了放宽市场准入规则的总体思路,并提出了一系列措施:放松市场主体准入管制,降低准入门槛;实行注册资本认缴登记制;改革年检制度和简化住所(经营场所)登记手续等。
政府放宽市场准入规则会增加市场活力,最终使消费者受益,结合材料二和所学经济知识,分析放宽市场准入规则是如何通过市场机制的作用使消费者受益的。
(放宽市场准入规则可以降低企业进入市场的成本,提高企业进入市场的积极性和速度,是市场上企业的数量增加,从而导致供给增加和竞争加大;供给增加意味着商品种类的丰富和数量的增加,有利于满足消费者的多样化需求;竞争加大有利于提高商品质量,降低商品价格,最终使消费者受益。)
【启示】
(1)要有大格局,大视野。
立足于当前经济领域的突出问题和新举措-----经济新常态、五大发展理念、有效供给不足、供给侧结构性改革、产能过剩、生产成本高、生产要素不能自由流动、非公有制经济发展滞后、缩小差距,实现公平、发挥市场在资源配置中决定性作用、加强国家科学的宏观调控、全面建成小康社会目标的实现、贯彻落实科学发展观、转方式调结构、发展新产业、新业态,推动产业结构优化升级、实施创新驱动发展战略、资源节约和环境保护、发展农业现代化、培育经济发展新动力、大众创业万众创新、提高开放型经济水平。
(2)要认真审读材料,从材料中提炼出具体的问题或举措。
(3)要根据材料的指向与课本基本知识相对接,多角度认识
(4)要根据设问的具体要求,具体根据指向回答
【政治生活模块】
2月,国务院批准了《注册资本登记制度改革方案》,该方案明确了放宽市场准入规则的总体思路,并提出了一系列措施:放松市场主体准入管制,降低准入门槛;实行注册资本认缴登记制;改革年检制度和简化住所(经营场所)登记手续等。
结合材料,运用政治生活知识,说明我国政府深化行政审批制度改革的重大意义。
(深化行政体制改革,提高政府依法行政水平;加快推进政府职能转变,全面正确履行政府职能;进一步简政放权,激发市场和社会的活力,充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性;创新行政管理方式,提高公共服务能力。)
【启示】
(1)要有大格局、大视野
多元参与,共同治理、政府简政放权、转变职能、建设服务型政府、提高公共服务能力、转变理念,创新行政管理方式和工作方法、人大开门立法民主立法、党加强自身建设、保持党的先进性和纯洁性、提高执政能力和执政水平、构建命运共同体和利益共同体
(2)判断行为主体
根据不同的行为主体,理顺不同知识体系。要注意不同主体之间的关系。
(3)认真审读材料,根据材料中的具体指向与基本理论相对接
(4)要思考除了材料显性材料所揭示的内容外,是否还存在着隐形材料的分析
【文化生活模块】
培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观必须立足中华优秀传统文化。我们要保护和传承优秀传统文化,让居民望得见山,看得见水,记得住乡愁。
记录片《记住乡愁》于元旦在央视首播。该片选取100多个传统村落,围绕中华美德的千百年传承,一集一村落,一村一传奇,采取纪实手法讲述一个个生动感人的故事:有坚守精忠报国、宁死不屈民族气节的,有传承诚信为本、诚实待人村风的,有秉持积善成德、助人为乐精神的,有倡导邻里和睦、守望相助的,有崇尚尊重生命、敬畏自然的……
培育和践行社会主义核心价值观需要记住乡愁、传承中华传统美德。运用文化生活知识对此加以说明。(12分)
(社会主义核心价值观与中华优秀传统文化相承接,中华传统美德是传统文化的精华,是涵养社会主义核心价值观的重要源泉。(4分)乡愁反映了人们对中华传统文化的眷恋之情,体现了当代人对传承中华传统美德的愿望和期盼;(4分)记住乡愁、传承中华传统美德,为培育和践行社会主义核心价值观提供了重要载体和丰厚的历史文化养料。)
【启示】
(1)要有大格局,大视野
当代文艺创作要坚持以人民为中心,以社会主义核心价值观为引领,以中国精神为灵魂,以中国梦为时代主题,以中华优秀传统文化为根脉,以创新为动力。社会主义核心价值观是中国精神的集中体现和时代表达。爱国主义是中国精神最深层、最根本的内容,也是文艺创作的永恒追求。中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的精神命脉,是我们屹立于世界文化之林的坚实根基。
(2)立足全局,理顺知识体系
从文化的作用、文化多样性、文化的继承发展创新、中华文化、民族精神、文化强国建设、思想道德建设的角度广泛地思考所调动的知识。
(3)认真审读材料,根据材料中的具体指向,挑选必要的理论,不要一味罗列基本知识
(4)审读设问,明确答题方向和答题思路
【生活与哲学模块】
《记住乡愁》的播出引发社会强烈反响。古建筑学者将其誉为中国传统文化的“立体的教科书,现成的博物馆”,历史学者认为《记住乡愁》呈现了一幅生动的乡村历史画卷,民俗学者从节目中看到了一个个非物质文化遗产的“活化石”,社会学者强调汲取传统乡村社会治理的智慧和经验……
运用认识论的相关知识并结合材料,分析不同学者从《记住乡愁》中获得不同感受的原因。
(认识是主体对客体的能动反映。认识受到主体状况、客体状况以及认识条件的制约。(4分)不同学者在知识背景、兴趣爱好、思维方式、价值观念等方面存在差异,(3分)纪录片涉及传统村落的自然环境、人文景观、村规民约、民风民俗、社会管理等多方面的内容,导致不同学者感受的差异性。(3分))
【启示】
(1)明确要考查的哲学知识或哲学范围
(2)在规定的范围内,结合材料的指向选取相应的哲学依据
(3)运用所选取的哲学依据结合材料进行具体的分析
(4)反对一味罗列哲学原理方法论,应注重哲理的针对性和分析的透彻性
高考政治重点知识要融会贯通
循环往复,不断重复,加深理解与记忆的一种复习方法。这种方法可用于固定的内容的复习,也适用于累加知识的复习。循环复习法在功效上优于及时复习法,可以弥补其零散、不系统的缺陷,加强知识的内在逻辑性、系统性。
不过,循环复习法又具有一定难度,要求学生从概念、原理的掌握,到应用理论,联系实际,做到每增加一次复习,对于能力培养和知识掌握就是一个提高。循环复习的目的在于熟练。通常,识记材料的性质、学习的程度和学习的方法是影响遗忘的因素。一般说来,熟练的动作,遗忘最慢;学习程度越高,遗忘就越慢;形象的材料比较容易长久保持。政治课的概念、原理,多数是抽象的理性知识,缺乏形象直观性,不易被学生所接受。有效的方法是增加学习强度。据研究,过度学习50%,记忆效果最佳。学习程度提高还会促进学生运用知识的熟练性、准确性和灵活性。
高考政治常考知识点
关于社会保障制度:
①完善社会保障制度是实现社会安定的根本性措施,因此,要千方百计提高社会保障水平(前提正确,结论错误。要遵循既要发展生产,又要保障基本生活的原则)。
②任何社会成员都同等享受社会保障(社会保障制度遵循权利和义务相统一的原则,有能力履行义务而未履行者,不得享有社会保障);
③居民社会保险(改为“商业保险”,社会保险只保障居民基本生活权利)保障水平与缴纳的保费成正比;
关于积累和消费:
①消费(积累)的最高限度是保证人民生活水平有所提高,积累(消费)的最高限度是保证再生产规模有所扩大;
②政府用于劳动者职业技能培训的费用属于个人消费基金(公共消费基金)。
关于财政和税收:
①要发挥财政在促进社会事业的发展的作用,关键是要增加税收收入(关键是发展经济,还要调整分配政策)。
②每个公民的所有收人(按照个人所得税法规定的个人所得)都在个人所得税的纳税范围。
银行存款利率越高,储户的实际收益越多(居民实际收益取决于存款利率和物价涨幅的对比)。
Recently, what amazes us most is_____.
There are many reasons explaining ______.The main reason is_____,What is more, _____,Thirdly, _____.As a result, _____.
Considering all these, _____.For one thing, ____For another, ____.In conclusion, ____.
Reference:
My View on Charity Charity is of utmost importance to us humans.While following a spate of scandals, some individuals and institutions involved in this field have encountered criticism in recent months.There are several reasons for this phenomenon.Above all, compared with those of developed countries, the charity awareness in our country is backward.Some people equal charity with donation, and therefore they believe that charity is the rich’s responsibility and has nothing to do with the middle-class and the poor.The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that a number of individuals and charitable organizations lack a sense of social responsibility, which results in the declining social credibility.For my part, I believe the following steps can address this situation.Firstly, people’s awareness of how profound influence charity can bring to our society should be heightened.Secondly, rigorous supervision must be carried out by the administrations involved, so that the charity activities will become more transparent.2.对比选择型
When it comes to ____, different people hold different views.Some contend that____.For one thing,____.For another,___.In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ____,They point out that____.Another instance often cited is that____.It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ______.Marks or Ability 1.有些学生认为学习成绩是最重要的。2.有些学生认为培养个人能力是最重要的。
3.你的看法。
It is well known that the task of college students is to study, and some students regard that marks are very important.They think that their primary task is to study and learn: from teachers and textbooks.They seldom take part in other activities, for they are afraid that those activities will affect their study.They put marks in the first place, thus neglecting the development of practical abilities.While some other students think it most important to develop their practical ability.They think that college students should not only learn the text knowledge, what’s more, they should also learn from outside the textbook.They think their own practical ability is of primary importance.So they take the chance to develop their own practical ability seriously.In my opinion, we should first study hard, but we should not neglect our own practical abilities, for when we enter the society, we need various abilities.Without practice, it is hard for us to be useful for the society.Should Parents Send Their Kids to Overseas Schools? It has become a popular trend for parents, especially the rich ones, to send their children to overseas schools.To this phenomenon, some people hold a positive view and claim that living and studying abroad benefit the students in various ways.Overseas experience offers students a different perspective of the world.It is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages.And when returning home, it helps greatly in landing ideal jobs.Others, however, hold the opposite view.Living and studying abroad, they say, is no easy matter.Language and cultural barriers, financial pressure and loneliness can easily bring the kids down.Besides, overseas experience by no means guarantees an ideal job.Many companies think working experience more important than educational background.Personally, I think parents, if they can afford it, should send their children to overseas schools since it is worthwhile.In the first place, the students gain precious experience than those who stay at home.Furthermore, overseas experience can be constructive to character building as well as the growth of children.3.问题解决型
With the ____of____,So it is of great importance for us to____.However, we have figured out many ways to _____.Firstly, ____So long as____.Secondly____, Thirdly____.In fact____, That is because ____.In a word,________ .
Irrational Consumption 1.很多大学生有不理性消费的习惯 2.不理性消费的弊端
3.为了解决这一问题,我认为。。
Irrational consumption has always been a common phenomenon existing among the modern people, which is especially true when it comes to college students.Financially supported by their parents, a majority of the students have no clue about their consumption.Usually, they will purchase what they like at the first sight regardless of the necessity and price.As a matter of fact, the irrational consumption habit does great harms.On the one hand, it will directly lead to blind consumption, which means unnecessary stuff will be purchased and money hardly made by our parents will be wasted.On the other hand, as an ill-formed habit, irrational consumption will exert far-reaching influences on our development, making our life lack of planning.In order to get rid of the irrational consumption habit, I believe we should form into the habit of keeping record on our consumption and making plans on what we really need.4.观点论证型
Diligence Helps to Achieve Success As the famous saying goes, “Genius is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration.” If one intends to succeed, he must spare no efforts to strive for his goals with diligence.Diligence plays a very important role in one’s success.As far as we know, at the age of 19 months, Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing, which is a big obstacle to learning.However, instead of bending to her physical disability, she was hardworking and diligent in learning everything.As a result, she became a well-known writer and educator in the nineteenth century who has acquired a large stock of knowledge and mastered English, French, German, Latin as well as Greek.Some people saw wonderful dialogues in David Copperfield and realistic description of the social background in Tale of Two Cities.How did Dickens achieve this? It is due to his diligence.In conclusion, diligence is not only a positive approach toward life but also the most reliable way to guide us toward success.Diligence is a key to success.实用句型 开篇
1)Many nations have been faced with the problem of...2)Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3)Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4)Recently the issue has aroused great concern among...5)Nowadays there is a growing concern over...6)Never in our history has the idea that...been so popular.7)Faced with..., quite a few people argue that...8)According to a recent survey,...9)With the rapid development of...,...比较、对比
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...4.It is reasonable to maintain that...but it would be foolish to claim that...5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10.A and B differ in several ways.11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12.People used to think..., but things are different now.13.The same is true of B.14.Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15.It is true that A..., but the chief faults(obvious defects)are...原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...4.The factors that contribute to this situation include...5.The change in...largely results from the fact that...6.We may blame...,but the real causes are...7.Part of the explanations for it is that...One of the most common factors(causes)is that...Another contributing factor(cause)is...Perhaps the primary factor is that …
But the fundamental cause is that...后果
1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is...3.It will exercise a profound influence upon...4.Its consequence can be so great that...批驳
1)It is true that..., but one vital point is being left out.2)There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3)Some people say..., but it does not hold water.4)Many of us have been under the illusion that...5)A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6)It makes no sense to argue for...7)Too much stress placed on...may lead to...8)Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that...9)Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that...举例
1)A good case in point is...2)As an illustration, we may take...3)Such examples might be given easily.4)...is often cited as an example.证明
1)No one can deny the fact that...2)The idea is hardly supported by facts.3)Unfortunately, none of the available data shows...4)Recent studies indicate that...5)There is sufficient evidence to show that...6)According to statistics proved by..., it can be seen that...结尾
The problem of “white pollution” caused by used plastic is becoming increasingly serious, in which plastic shopping bags play an important role. In China about three billion plastic shopping bags are consumed every day, which results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution. Luckily, The government has put a nationwide ban on the use of free plastic bags, demanding that all stores and supermarkets not provide customers with free plastic bags after June 1. The rule will undoubtedly reduce the use of plastic bags and enhance the awareness of environmental protection. It is highly advocated that we should turn to cloth bags and shopping baskets from now on.
塑料购物袋在塑料购物袋中起着越来越重要的作用,造成了“白色污染”的问题日益严重。在中国大约有三十亿个塑料购物袋每天消耗,这会造成巨大的资源浪费和环境污染。幸运的是,政府已经禁止使用免费塑料袋,要求所有的商店和超市不提供免费的塑料袋后,六月一日。规则无疑将减少塑料袋的使用,提高环保意识。这是高度提倡的,我们应该把布袋和购物篮从现在起。
1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由;
2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
Dear Editor,
When it comes to the selection of the columns for the school English newspaper, opinions vary from one to another. As far as I am concerned, the columns preserved will definitely make a feature of students interest and exert positive effects on their study and life.
Comparatively speaking, I maintain that the value of the columns concerning health and culture far outweighs that of the entertainment. The immediate factor is nothing is more valuable than keeping healthy in that loss of health signifies kissing goodbye to life. Thats why more knowledge of how to keep fit, more effectively one can improve his quality of life. The second point to be mentioned is that progress in the acquisition of cultures contributes to broadening ones horizons, which in turn facilitates ones study and the establishment of philosophy of life.
As for the addition, the career planning constitutes a top priority. For one thing, it concerns ones career development a great deal while for another, it makes a great difference to ones career success in the future.
I am pretty convinced that a wise choice makes perfect. I am writing the e-mail in the hope that my advice will add a brilliant touch to the improved version of our school English newspaper.
Yours sincerely,
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