中国共产党党章新版（精选8篇）
中国共产党是的先锋队，党的最高理想和最终目标是实现共产主义。
中国共产党以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想作为自己的行动指南。十一届三中全会以来，邓小平理论
十三届四中全会以来 “三个代表”。“三个代表”是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源。科学发展观:科学发展观是坚持以人为本，全面、协调、可持续的发展观。
我国社会主义建设的根本任务，是进一步解放生产力，发展生产力，逐步实现社会主义现代化，并且为此而改革生产关系和上层建筑中不适应生产力发展的方面和环节。
发展是我们党执政兴国的第一要务。
中国共产党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线是：领导和团结全国各族人民，以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，自力更生，艰苦创业，为把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗。
坚持社会主义道路、坚持人民民主专政、坚持中国共产党的领导、坚持马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想这四项基本原则，是我们的立国之本。
坚持改革开放，是我们的强国之路。
中国共产党领导人民发展社会主义市场经济。
中国共产党领导人民发展社会主义民主政治。
中国共产党领导人民发展社会主义先进文化。
中国共产党领导人民构建社会主义和谐社会。
中国共产党坚持对人民解放军和其他人民武装力量的领导。
中国共产党坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则的基础
党的建设必须坚决实现以下四项基本要求：
第一，坚持党的基本路线。全党要用邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和党的基本路线统一
思想，统一行动，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，并且毫不动摇地长期坚持下去。
第二，坚持解放思想，实事求是，与时俱进。
第三，坚持全心全意为人民服务。
第四，坚持民主集中制。
党的领导主要是政治、思想和组织的领导。
第一章党员
第三条 党员必须履行下列义务：
（一）认真学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想，学习科学发展观，学习党的路线、方针、政策和决议，学习党的基本知识，学习科学、文化、法律和业务知识，努力提高为人民服务的本领。
（二）贯彻执行党的基本路线和各项方针、政策，带头参加改革开放和社会主义现代化建设，带动群众为经济发展和社会进步艰苦奋斗，在生产、工作、学习和社会生活中起先锋模范作用。
（三）坚持党和人民的利益高于一切，个人利益服从党和人民的利益，吃苦在前，享受在后，克己奉公，多做贡献。
（四）自觉遵守党的纪律，模范遵守国家的法律法规，严格保守党和国家的秘密，执行党的决定，服从组织分配，积极完成党的任务。
（五）维护党的团结和统一，对党忠诚老实，言行一致，坚决反对一切派别组织和小集团活动，反对阳奉阴违的两面派行为和一切阴谋诡计。
（六）切实开展批评和自我批评，勇于揭露和纠正工作中的缺点、错误，坚决同消极腐败现象作斗争。
（七）密切联系群众，向群众宣传党的主张，遇事同群众商量，及时向党反映群众的意见和要求，维护群众的正当利益。
（八）发扬社会主义新风尚，带头实践社会主义荣辱观，提倡共产主义道德，为了保护国家和人民的利益，在一切困难和危险的时刻挺身而出，英勇斗争，不怕牺牲。
第四条 党员享有下列权利：
（一）参加党的有关会议，阅读党的有关文件，接受党的教育和培训。
（二）在党的会议上和党报党刊上，参加关于党的政策问题的讨论。
（三）对党的工作提出建议和倡议。
（四）在党的会议上有根据地批评党的任何组织和任何党员，向党负责地揭发、检举党的任何组
织和任何党员违法乱纪的事实，要求处分违法乱纪的党员，要求罢免或撤换不称职的干部。
（五）行使表决权、选举权，有被选举权。
（六）在党组织讨论决定对党员的党纪处分或作出鉴定时，本人有权参加和进行申辩，其他党员可以为他作证和辩护。
（七）对党的决议和政策如有不同意见，在坚决执行的前提下，可以声明保留，并且可以把自己的意见向党的上级组织直至中央提出。
（八）向党的上级组织直至中央提出请求、申诉和控告，并要求有关组织给以负责的答复。
第五条 发展党员，必须经过党的支部，坚持个别吸收的原则。入党流程
申请入党的人，要填写入党志愿书，要有两名正式党员作介绍人，要经过支部大会通过和上级党组织批准，并且经过预备期的考察，才能成为正式党员。介绍人要认真了解申请人的思想、品质、经历和工作表现，向他解释党的纲领和党的章程，说明党员的条件、义务和权利，并向党组织作出负责的报告。党的支部委员会对申请入党的人，要注意征求党内外有关群众的意见，进行严格的审查，认为合格后再提交支部大会讨论。上级党组织在批准申请人入党以前，要派人同他谈话，作进一步的了解，并帮助他提高对党的认识。预备党员必须面向党旗进行入党宣誓。誓词如下：我志愿加入中国共产党，拥护党的纲领，遵守党的章程，履行党员义务，执行党的决定，严守党的纪律，保守党的秘密，对党忠诚，积极工作，为共产主义奋斗终身，随时准备为党和人民牺牲一切，永不叛党。
第七条 预备党员的预备期为一年。党组织对预备党员应当认真教育和考察。
预备党员的义务同正式党员一样。预备党员的权利，除了没有表决权、选举权和被选举权以外，也同正式党员一样。
预备党员预备期满，党的支部应当及时讨论他能否转为正式党员。认真履行党员义务，具备党员条件的，应当按期转为正式党员；
预备党员的预备期，从支部大会通过他为预备党员之日算起。党员的党龄，从预备期满转为正式党员之日算起。
党员如果没有正当理由，连续六个月不参加党的组织生活，或不交纳党费，或不做党所分配的工作，就被认为是自行脱党。支部大会应当决定把这样的党员除名，并报上级党组织批准。
第二章党的组织制度
党的民主集中制的基本原则是：
（一）党员个人服从党的组织，少数服从多数，下级组织服从上级组织，全党各个组织和全体党员服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会。
（二）党的各级领导机关，除它们派出的代表机关和在非党组织中的党组外，都由选举产生。
（三）党的最高领导机关，是党的全国代表大会和它所产生的中央委员会。党的地方各级领导机关，是党的地方各级代表大会和它们所产生的委员会。党的各级委员会向同级的代表大会负责并报告工作。
（四）党的上级组织要经常听取下级组织和党员群众的意见，及时解决他们提出的问题。党的下级组织既要向上级组织请示和报告工作，又要独立负责地解决自己职责范围内的问题。上下级组织之间要互通情报、互相支持和互相监督。党的各级组织要按规定实行党务公开，使党员对党内事务有更多的了解和参与。
（五）党的各级委员会实行集体领导和个人分工负责相结合的制度。凡属重大问题都要按照集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定的原则，由党的委员会集体讨论，作出决定；委员会成员要根据集体的决定和分工，切实履行自己的职责。
（六）党禁止任何形式的个人崇拜。要保证党的领导人的活动处于党和人民的监督之下，同时维护一切代表党和人民利益的领导人的威信。
党的各级组织的报刊和其他宣传工具，必须宣传党的路线、方针、政策和决议。
第三章党的中央组织
第十八条 党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次，由中央委员会召集。
第十九条 党的全国代表大会的职权是：
（一）听取和审查中央委员会的报告；
（二）听取和审查中央纪律检查委员会的报告；
（三）讨论并决定党的重大问题；
（四）修改党的章程；
（五）选举中央委员会；
（六）选举中央纪律检查委员会。
第二十一条 党的中央委员会每届任期五年。中央委员会委员和候补委员必须有五年以上的党龄。
第五章党的基层组织
第二十九条 企业、农村、机关、学校、科研院所、街道社区、社会组织、人民解放军连队和其他基层单位，凡是有正式党员三人以上的，都应当成立党的基层组织。
第三十条 党的基层委员会每届任期三年至五年，总支部委员会、支部委员会每届任期两年或三年。第三十一条 党的基层组织是党在社会基层组织中的战斗堡垒，是党的全部工作和战斗力的基础。它的基本任务是：
（一）宣传和执行党的路线、方针、政策，宣传和执行党中央、上级组织和本组织的决议，充分发挥党员的先锋模范作用，团结、组织党内外的干部和群众，努力完成本单位所担负的任务。
（二）组织党员认真学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想，学习科学发展观，学习党的路线、方针、政策和决议，学习党的基本知识，学习科学、文化、法律和业务知识。
（三）对党员进行教育、管理、监督和服务，提高党员素质，增强党性，严格党的组织生活，开展批评和自我批评，维护和执行党的纪律，监督党员切实履行义务，保障党员的权利不受侵犯。加强和改进流动党员管理。
（四）密切联系群众，经常了解群众对党员、党的工作的批评和意见，维护群众的正当权利和利益，做好群众的思想政治工作。
（五）充分发挥党员和群众的积极性创造性，发现、培养和推荐他们中间的优秀人才，鼓励和支持他们在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设中贡献自己的聪明才智。
（六）对要求入党的积极分子进行教育和培养，做好经常性的发展党员工作，重视在生产、工作第一线和青年中发展党员。
（七）监督党员干部和其他任何工作人员严格遵守国法政纪，严格遵守国家的财政经济法规和人事制度，不得侵占国家、集体和群众的利益。
（八）教育党员和群众自觉抵制不良倾向，坚决同各种违法犯罪行为作斗争。
第六章党的干部
第三十三条 党的干部是党的事业的骨干，是人民的公仆。
党重视教育、培训、选拔和考核干部，特别是培养、选拔优秀年轻干部。积极推进干部制度改革。第三十四条 党的各级领导干部必须模范地履行本章程第三条所规定的党员的各项义务，并且必须具备以下的基本条件：
（一）具有履行职责所需要的马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的水平，认真实践“三个代表”重要思想，带头贯彻落实科学发展观，努力用马克思主义的立场、观点、方法分析和解决实际问题，坚持讲学习、讲政治、讲正气，经得起各种风浪的考验。
（二）具有共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义坚定信念，坚决执行党的基本路线和各项方针、政策，立志改革开放，献身现代化事业，在社会主义建设中艰苦创业，树立正确政绩观，做出经得起实践、人民、历史检验的实绩。
（三）坚持解放思想，实事求是，与时俱进，开拓创新，认真调查研究，能够把党的方针、政策同本地区、本部门的实际相结合，卓有成效地开展工作，讲实话，办实事，求实效，反对形式主义。
（四）有强烈的革命事业心和政治责任感，有实践经验，有胜任领导工作的组织能力、文化水平和专业知识。
（五）正确行使人民赋予的权力，依法办事，清正廉洁，勤政为民，以身作则，艰苦朴素，密切联系群众，坚持党的群众路线，自觉地接受党和群众的批评和监督，加强道德修养，做到自重、自省、自警、自励，反对官僚主义，反对任何滥用职权、谋求私利的不正之风。
（六）坚持和维护党的民主集中制，有民主作风，有全局观念，善于团结同志，包括团结同自己有不同意见的同志一道工作。
第七章党的纪律
第三十九条 党的纪律处分有五种：警告、严重警告、撤销党内职务、留党察看、开除党籍。
留党察看最长不超过两年。党员在留党察看期间没有表决权、选举权和被选举权。党员经过留党察看，确已改正错误的，应当恢复其党员的权利；坚持错误不改的，应当开除党籍。
开除党籍是党内的最高处分。
第四十一条 党组织对党员作出处分决定，应当实事求是地查清事实。处分决定所依据的事实材料和处分决定必须同本人见面，听取本人说明情况和申辩。如果本人对处分决定不服，可以提出申诉，有关党组织必须负责处理或者迅速转递，不得扣压。
第八章党的纪律检查机关
第四十三条 党的中央纪律检查委员会在党的中央委员会领导下进行工作。
党的各级纪律检查委员会每届任期和同级党的委员会相同。
第四十四条 党的各级纪律检查委员会的主要任务是：维护党的章程和其他党内法规，检查党的路线、方针、政策和决议的执行情况，协助党的委员会加强党风建设和组织协调反腐败工作。
第九章党组
第四十六条 在中央和地方国家机关、人民团体、经济组织、文化组织和其他非党组织的领导机关中，可以成立党组。党组发挥领导核心作用。党组的任务，主要是负责贯彻执行党的路线、方针、政策；讨论和决定本单位的重大问题；做好干部管理工作；团结党外干部和群众，完成党和国家交给的任务。第四十七条 党组的成员，由批准成立党组的党组织决定。党组设书记，必要时还可以设副书记。党组必须服从批准它成立的党组织领导。
第四十八条 对下属单位实行集中统一领导的国家工作部门可以建立党委，党委的产生办法、职权和工作任务，由中央另行规定。
第十章党和共产主义青年团的关系
第四十九条 中国共产主义青年团是中国共产党领导的先进青年的群众组织，是广大青年在实践中学习中国特色社会主义和共产主义的学校，是党的助手和后备军。共青团中央委员会受党中央委员会领导。共青团的地方各级组织受同级党的委员会领导，同时受共青团上级组织领导。
第五十条 党的各级委员会要加强对共青团的领导，注意团的干部的选拔和培训。党要坚决支持共青团根据广大青年的特点和需要，生动活泼地、富于创造性地进行工作，充分发挥团的突击队作用和联系广大青年的桥梁作用。
第十一章党徽党旗
第五十一条 中国共产党党徽为镰刀和锤头组成的图案。
第五十二条 中国共产党党旗为旗面缀有金黄色党徽图案的红旗。
第五十三条 中国共产党的党徽党旗是中国共产党的象征和标志。党的各级组织和每一个党员都要维护党徽党旗的尊严。要按照规定制作和使用党徽党旗。主要内容（八荣八耻）:
1以热爱祖国为荣，以危害祖国为耻；
2以服务人民为荣，以背离人民为耻；
3以崇尚科学为荣，以愚昧无知为耻；
4以辛勤劳动为荣，以好逸恶劳为耻；
5以团结互助为荣，以损人利己为耻；
6以诚实守信为荣，以见利忘义为耻；
7以遵纪守法为荣，以违法乱纪为耻；
党章是党的总章程, 集中体现了党的性质和宗旨、党的理论和路线方针政策、党的重要主张, 规定了党的重要制度和体制机制, 是全党必须共同遵守的根本行为规范。同时党章也不是一成不变的, 现行党章是1982年9月党的十二大修改制定的。后来党的十三大、十四大、十五大、十六大、十七大都对党章做出了不同程度的修改, 此次十八大根据党的理论的与时俱进和不断创新、党和国家事业发展的新要求以及党的建设伟大工程不断有新的创造和新的经验等对党章进行了新的修改是完全必要的和非常及时的, 特别是把科学发展观同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想一道确立为党的指导思想, 同时此次修正案中还完整表述了中国特色社会主义、将生态文明建设纳入总体布局、突出强调了坚持改革开放、充实完善党的建设总体要求及对党员和党的干部、党的基层组织等部分条文作了适当修改, 正如有的十八大代表评价的那样“从党章修正案中, 我们看到了中国共产党十七大以来取得的重大成果, 看到了中国共产党将实事求是、与时俱进精神进一步发扬光大, 看到了中华民族的美好未来”。党章修正案的通过与实施必将在新时期推进党的事业和党的建设中更好发挥根本性规范和指导作用。
习总书记指出“认真学习党章、严格遵守党章, 是学习贯彻党的十八大精神的重要内容”。学习与遵守党的章程是每名共产党员尤其是党员领导干部所必须做到的。结合档案工作实际, 我的主要体会是:
一是要在促进事业发展中始终坚持贯彻落实科学发展观。把科学发展观列入党的指导思想。把科学发展观写在我们党的旗帜上, 这体现了党的指导思想的与时俱进, 有利于把科学发展观贯彻到我国现代化建设全过程、体现到党的建设各方面。同时充实了党的十六大以来党的理论创新特别是科学发展观定位的内容。这有利于全党正确理解科学发展观的理论内涵和精神实质, 进一步把思想和行动统一到科学发展上来。党的十七大已经将科学发展观写入党章, 5年过去了, 科学发展观又经历了一个实践、认识、再实践、再认识的过程, 无数事实证明其理论内涵不断丰富, 实践成效不断显现。把科学发展观列入党的指导思想, 是党的十八大作出的重大决策, 科学发展观是中国特色社会主义理论体系最新成果, 是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶, 是指导党和国家全部工作的强大思想武器。把科学发展观同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想一道, 作为党必须长期坚持的指导思想, 对坚持和发展中国特色社会主义具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义, 符合时代发展要求, 顺应人民共同愿望, 也是这次党章修改的最大亮点和最突出的历史性贡献。
我省档案事业近年来所取得的成就表明, 始终不懈地坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观为指导思想是促进档案事业发展和档案工作水平提高的根本之道和发展之源。在档案工作服务大局上我们坚持以人为本, 对外在延伸与扩展档案工作与服务领域的同时, 利用档案资政等为领导决策主动提供服务、利用民生档案数据库和政府政务公开信息面向百姓服务等方面取得了很好效果, 得到了领导和社会公众的认可。对内我们强化队伍建设, 在提高素质的基础上进一步改善了机构和人员结构, 不断增强适应新时期档案工作需要的能力。在坚持统筹兼顾, 促进档案事业全面协调可持续发展方针指导下, 我们抓住机遇, 在档案馆库建设、重大活动重大项目档案管理、档案法制建设、档案管理现代化、档案宣传出版、档案教育与科研以及各种保障措施等方面也取得新的成效, 促进了我省档案事业整体水平的不断提高。这些都是全省各级档案部门和广大档案工作者扎实贯彻落实科学发展观的结果。通过学习深刻认识到, 学习与遵守党章就是要在实践中坚持贯彻科学发展观, 以科学发展观统领全局, 促进我们所从事的档案事业实现又好又快地持续向前发展。
二是要充分发挥档案资源优势大力宣传社会主义制度和优越性。把中国特色社会主义道路、理论体系和制度一并写入党章是此次党章修改又一亮点之处。中国特色社会主义道路是实现途径, 中国特色社会主义理论体系是行动指南, 中国特色社会主义制度是根本保障, 实现途径、行动指南和根本保障, 这就是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的最重要的核心。此次党章写入“确立了中国特色社会主义制度”将中国特色社会主义道路、理论体系、制度作为一个整体在党章进行完整表述, 对于深化全党同志对中国特色社会主义的认识, 增强坚持中国特色社会主义自觉性和坚定性有着重要意义。
中国特色社会主义制度符合我国国情, 集中体现了中国特色社会主义的特点和优势, 是中国发展进步的根本制度保障, 需要去大力去宣传, 而档案部门及档案工作者要切实负起这个重任, 档案在对历史负责、为现实服务、替未来着想方面有着不可替代的重要作用, 要把宣传社会主义制度纳入到为社会主义文化建设服务中去, 深入挖掘档案信息资源, 通过举办档案展览、出版档案史料、在媒体上公布和发表研究成果, 开放利用档案及政务公开信息服务等向社会和公众广泛宣传我国及本地社会发展历史、新旧社会对比、新中国特别是改革开放以来发展成就和人民的幸福生活等, 使人们从我们提供的档案和资料中看到祖国日新月异的成就及美好未来, 增强对社会主义制度及优越性的认识, 为提高全社会对中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信做出档案部门和档案工作者的应有贡献。
三是要为经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设主动提供优质档案服务。党章修正案对中国特色社会主义事业总体布局的充实和完善, 主要体现在把生态文明建设纳入中国特色社会主义事业总体布局。提出必须把生态文明建设放在突出地位, 融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程, 建设美丽中国, 实现中华民族永续发展。经济发展与生态文明建设不是对立的, 人们富裕了, 就必然要求生活在一个更加美好的环境。生态文明建设的提出, 体现了我们发展观以人为本的要求, 也是小康社会的一个重要内容。加强生态文明建设, 是我们党对自然规律及人与自然关系再认识的重要成果, 是推动我国经济社会实现科学发展的必然要求。
档案工作及档案服务也要适应这种要求, 要像以往重视经济、政治、文化、社会建设档案管理那样重视生态文明建设领域里的档案管理, 包括环保及治理、资源建设、林业生态、食品安全等等, 要及时介入, 坚持以往那些好的作法, 主动为这些领域档案的建档工作提供服务, 并加强指导和监督。要充分利用好现有馆藏中前人留下的关于生态文明建设方面的档案资料, 加快编辑出版《辽宁资政》档案史料, 为建设美丽中国和美丽辽宁服好务。
四是要始终如一地坚持用改革开放来解决事业发展的难题。党章修正案总纲部分对阐述改革开放的自然段作了充实, “只有改革开放才能发展中国、发展社会主义”写入党章, 改革开放是强国之路, 是新时期最鲜明的特点。我国过去30多年的快速发展靠的是改革开放, 未来发展也必须坚定不移依靠改革开放。党的十八大对深化改革开放作出新的部署, 提出新的目标任务。有利于全党更加充分、更加深刻地认识坚持改革开放的重大意义, 更加自觉、更加坚定地推进改革开放。
改革开放对于推进档案事业发展也至关重要。我省档案事业发展实践也有力证明, 坚持改革开放才能促进事业发展, 如档案行政管理向依法行政的转变, 档案馆爱国主义教育基地、政府政务信息查阅场所建立等都是档案部门坚持改革开放的成果, 档案事业上许多发展目标都需要加大改革开放力度才能得以实现。当前随着我国改革开放的深入, 档案工作也遇到许多前所未有的难题, 如档案馆属性定位、非国有档案管理、电子文件档案的大量产生、社会档案中介组织的日益增多等, 有社会发展中新出现的, 也有我们体制上所固有的, 都是摆在面前亟待解决的问题。解决好这些就必须通过改革, 包括体制和工作方式方法的改革, 有些甚至是前人所未走过的道路和采用的作法。各级档案部门和人员要牢固树立改革开放意识, 坚定信念, 把握规律, 更好地促进中国特色社会主义档案事业向前发展。
五是要进一步加强和改进各级档案部门党的建设。党章修正案对总纲部分关于党的建设的总体要求作了适当修改。增写的加强党的纯洁性建设, 整体推进党的思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、反腐倡廉建设、制度建设, 全面提高党的建设科学化水平, 建设学习型、服务型、创新型的马克思主义执政党等新内容, 体现了我们党对马克思主义执政党建设规律认识的深化, 有利于进一步加强和改进党的建设, 应对党面临的考验和风险, 切实提高党的执政能力, 保持和发展党的先进性、纯洁性, 以改革创新精神全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程, 不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力。档案事业是党和国家不可缺少的一项重要事业, 在为加强和改进党的建设提供档案服务的方面我们做了大量的工作, 如我们派人参加了全省保持共产党员先进性教育活动的档案收集整理和归档等, 今后仍要强化主动为党的建设服务。同时档案部门及其人员担负着为党管档、为国守史的重任, 加强和改进档案部门自身党的建设也是长期性的任务, 要按照党章要求继续加强党的思想建设、组织建设、作风建设, 坚持反腐倡廉, 进一步弘扬档案工作者爱岗敬业、无私奉献的精神, 在档案工作这个平凡的岗位上为加强和改进党的建设做出应有的贡献。
六是档案部门党员尤其是领导干部要做学习党章、遵守党章的模范。党章修正案中对党员、党的干部和干部工作提出了一些新要求, 增写了干部选拔监督、党的各级领导干部必须具备的基本条件及在党的基层组织中增写了积极创先争优的内容。习总书记在文章中强调指出认真学习党章、严格遵守党章, 是加强党的建设的一项基础性经常性工作, 也是全党同志的应尽义务和庄严责任, 对强化全党党章意识, 增强党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力具有极为重要的作用。要以党的十八大党章修正案颁布为契机, 在全党兴起学习党章、遵守党章的热潮。同时号召要全面掌握党章基本内容、要严格遵守党章各项规定、党员领导干部要做学习党章、遵守党章的模范。
档案部门要积极响应习总书记的号召, 认真学习贯彻遵守党的章程, 广大党员同志特别是党员领导干部更应走在前头, 做学习党章、遵守党章的模范。要像习总书记提出的那样“凡是党章规定党员必须做到的, 领导干部要首先做到;凡是党章规定党员不能做的, 领导干部要带头不做。要严格按照党章规定的党员领导干部必须具备的六项基本条件, 提高自身素质和能力, 经常检查和弥补自身不足。特别是要在坚定理想信念、坚持实事求是、推动科学发展、密切联系群众、加强道德修养、严守党的纪律等方面为广大党员作出表率”。我作为党组书记、局 (馆) 长更应带头学习党章, 带头执行党的政治纪律, 带头严格执行党章关于党内政治生活的各项规定, 也有决心带领全省档案系统和省档案局 (馆) 完成好党和人民交给的重任。
“中国制造2025”和“高铁时代”的双轮驱动，将会对未来中国城市竞争力的总体格局产生深远影响
在
以“大改革”和“大调整”为基本共识的“新常态”模式下，2014年中国城市的综合经济竞争力、可持续竞争力以及区域空间格局酝酿着变革调整的契机。如何面对第三次工业革命及高铁时代来临所导致的经济转型及空间布局调整，将是未来中国各级政府在谋划可持续发展时必须面对的首要问题。可以预期的是，“中国制造2025”和“高铁时代”的双轮驱动，将会对未来中国城市竞争力的总体格局产生深远影响。那些把握转型发展先机的沿海城市、战略性新兴产业和装备制造业集中地区、高铁枢纽等，将会迎来一个相当长的机会窗口期和战略机遇期。
2014年中国城市竞争力总体格局
根据城市综合经济竞争力指数以及可持续竞争力指数，可以分析包括港澳台在内294个城市的综合经济竞争力的现状与格局，以及港澳与内地共289个城市可持续竞争力的现实状况及其与理想城市的差距。通过各区域的统计描述比较，可以更为清晰地勾勒出中国城市竞争力的总体格局。
1.综合经济竞争力十强。2014年综合经济竞争力指数排名前十的城市依次是：深圳、香港、上海、台北、广州、天津、苏州、北京、澳门、无锡，这些城市主要集中在珠三角、长三角、环渤海和港澳台地区，广大中西部地区无一城市进入综合经济竞争力十强。其中，与2013年相比，变化最大的莫过于深圳取代香港跃居综合经济竞争力榜首，无锡取代佛山进入综合经济竞争力十强。在综合经济竞争力十强城市中，天津的综合增量竞争力最高，而澳门的综合效率竞争力优势明显。
2.可持续竞争力十强。2014年可持续竞争力指数排名前十的城市依次是：香港、上海、北京、澳门、深圳、广州、杭州、苏州、南京、厦门。虽然香港的综合经济竞争力被深圳赶超，但是相对于内地城市而言，香港的可持续竞争力优势仍然十分明显，在知识城市、和谐城市、生态城市、文化城市、全域城市和信息城市等六大分项竞争力方面，香港的等级排名均较为靠前。杭州、南京、厦门等三个未进入综合经济竞争力十强的城市，在可持续竞争力上却具有很大优势。与综合经济竞争力十强城市分布较为相似，可持续竞争力十强仍然主要集中在珠三角、长三角和环渤海地区，表明在当前和今后一个相当长的时期内，上述三大城市群将继续担当中国转型发展的火车头。
3.城市竞争力的区域格局。从全国各大区域的综合经济竞争力指数分布来看，由高到低依次为东南地区（包括香港、澳门）、环渤海地区、中部地区、东北地区、西南地区和西北地区，而可持续竞争力的区域排序依次为东南地区、环渤海地区、东北地区、中部地区、西北地区和西南地区。其中，东部沿海（包括东南地区和环渤海地区）集中了中国当前最具综合经济竞争力和可持续竞争力的城市。随着距海距离的增加，环渤海地区、东南地区、东北地区和西北地区的综合经济竞争力和可持续竞争力均出现单调递减的总体趋势。中部地区和西南地区的综合经济竞争力则随着距海距离的增加出现小幅上升的趋势，可持续竞争力则呈现出正“U”形特征。
问题与挑战
1.区域分化逐步加剧。近几年来，中国城市之间的竞争力分化状况逐渐凸显，并呈现“俱乐部趋同”的阶段特征。2014年，东南地区和环渤海地区城市在综合经济竞争力和可持续竞争力方面均要明显高于其他区域城市，大量生产要素和资源仍然出现“孔雀东南飞”的态势。在2012-2014年间，虽然中国地级及以上城市的综合经济竞争力差距收窄，但是可持续竞争力差距在持续扩大，这与中国城市的空间分布和规模结构不合理、资源环境承载能力不匹配有关。
东部一些城市密集带资源环境约束趋紧，中西部资源环境承载能力较强地区的城市发展潜力有待挖掘；部分特大城市人口压力偏大，与综合承载能力之间的矛盾加剧，而大量中小城市产业和人口集聚不足，潜力没有得到充分发挥。直辖市、省会城市、副省级城市等行政级别较高的城市，由于资源集聚能力较强，其竞争力水平要显著高于其他地级城市。
2.城市转型面临“高端挤压、低端蚕食”压力。中国大多数城市在计划经济向市场经济的转型过程中能够取得成功，主要是由于改革开放所释放出来的政策红利以及以低要素价格为主要特征的后发优势。但是，长期依赖后发优势的产业升级虽能利用较低廉的劳动力和丰富的自然资源，借助于对所引技术的模仿性创新来降低新技术、新产品的开发成本和依靠借鉴先发国家经验大幅度削减制度创新的实验、风险耗费，但易受先发国家或跨国公司的资本、核心技术、规则、专利等的控制与限制，且可能面临较严重的资源、环境问题和付出巨大的资源、环境成本，甚至长此以往可能被锁定于低端技术路径依赖的贫困陷阱和“引进→模仿→再引进→再模仿”的恶性循环之中，最终产业难以获得持续升级，甚至出现停滞与倒退。特别是以佛山、东莞为代表的出口加工业城市，当产业和技术的积累程度日益接近西方国家生产和技术的前沿时，就会引发西方国家和跨国公司的警觉，从而进行技术和价值链的封锁挤压。而与此同时，其他“金砖国家”、“薄荷四国”和东南亚国家以及中国中西部地区的劳动力成本优势和政策优势正在吸引越来越多的FDI向其转移，对长三角、珠三角等地的纺织服装、笔记本电脑及其配套产业等形成了巨大的吸附影响。过去三年内，诸如佛山、东莞等出口加工业城市的综合经济竞争力均出现小幅下降，转型发展正面临阵痛期。
3.知识城市和宜商城市建设非朝夕之功。就目前而言，无论是大城市还是中小城市，在创业氛围和创新环境方面仍然面临很多约束条件。各地通常将精力和优惠政策倾向于大企业集团、知名品牌，而对于草根创业和中小微企业融资问题关注不够。虽然国家在2014年出台了一系列鼓励创业的便利措施，但是创业难、融资难的问题仍未得到根本解决。
在创新驱动的知识城市建设方面，各地主要面临着高等教育质量不高、区域发展不均衡、专业人才供需失衡、知识产权保护不足、产业转化率低、辐射功能相对不足等问题。由于投入绝对值少、人才匮乏、以前的科技投入欠账较多等原因，中小城市专利申请和论文发表数量极低，严重影响中国知识城市的全面转型。而在沿海发达地区，许多城市政府仍希望更强大的产业政策、数量化的转型指标强力推动转型，加大投资，保持增长，这实际上已经不符合发展阶段的内在规律。
4.造城运动和土地财政难以为继。2014年，许多主张大拆大建、大兴土木的地方主政官员相继落马，宣告了以造城运动和土地财政为核心的传统城市发展建设模式的破产。摊大饼式的造城运动，不仅浪费了大量的资金资源，而且引发了巨大的环境问题。根据住建部和中国建筑科学研究院的估算，“十二五”期间中国每年因过早拆除房屋浪费4600亿元，每年由于建筑过早拆除带来的建筑垃圾增量约4亿吨，约占中国垃圾总量的40%。如果考虑建筑再建过程中所需的建筑材料以及拆除时的碳排放量，建筑过早拆除将致中国每年新增碳排放量10%。而这种造城运动的后果极有可能是建设了一批缺乏凝聚力和发展后劲的空壳城市。
5.环境治理刻不容缓。2014年中国城市竞争力指数数据中环境质量的各分项指标得分相对于前两年继续呈现下行趋势。在中央和地方各级政府的重拳治理下，城市环境质量仍未得到很大改善。越来越多的城市居民对当前的城市环境状况不满，改善环境的呼声愈加强烈。2015年1月1日，被称为“史上最严环保法”的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》开始实施，媒体也将2015年寄予厚望地称为中国环保分水岭。但是环境治理的效果仍然取决于各城市政府在多大程度上牺牲经济增长的速度，以及国家层面的生态建设制度框架的设计、生态补偿机制的建立、排污权交易的实现等环境保护和治理的长效机制。
“巨手”托起中国城市新版图
2014年是高铁快速发展和区域空间结构深度调整的节点之年。“四纵四横”快速铁路网主骨架初具规模，全国铁路动车组列车开行范围扩展至28个省区市，通高铁、动车和城际列车的地级以上城市共计146个。高铁的建成和运营将以“时空压缩”效应为特点，通过加速沿线地区和有关区域的人流、物流、资金流，进而对全国范围内的人口流动与分布、企业区位选择和经济活动空间分布、区域和城市的发展机遇、城市之间和区域之间的经济联系与合作，以及国家区域管理机制等，产生系统性、战略性的深刻影响。
1.高铁对城市竞争力格局的影响。“火车一响，黄金万两”。对于铁路对地方经济的带动作用，中央地方各级政府都有清醒的认识。在2015年全国两会期间，许多省份政府组团拜访中国铁路总公司，积极争取对本地区交通基础设施建设的支持。无论是在国家层面，还是在区域层次上，改善交通条件均已成为促进经济增长的重要措施。通过将中国地级和地级以上城市划分为处理组和参照组，可以发现：通高铁的城市，其综合经济竞争力的均值水平要高于未通高铁城市71.15%，其可持续竞争力均值水平要高于未通高铁城市56.91%。伴随着2015年底快速铁路网基本建成，即将来临的高铁时代对中国城市竞争力格局的影响不可估量。
2.中国城市新版图。1999年以来，中国开始对区域发展战略进行调整，逐步形成了由西部大开发战略、振兴东北地区等老工业基地战略、促进中部地区崛起战略和东部地区率先发展战略构成的区域发展总体战略，并由此形成支撑中国区域经济格局的四大战略区域。然而，随着长江中游城市群和长江经济带上升为国家战略，特别是以高铁为代表的快速交通网络在中部地区的大中城市全面覆盖，交通网络化不仅缩短了东、中区域之间的时间距离，更重要的作用是大大提升了城市之间的可达性和便利程度。网络化的交通体系让东部发达省（市）尤其是上海、北京、广州等区域中心城市经济外溢的辐射效应得到有效发挥，中部地区以其天然的区位优势成为东部地区经济腹地的条件。从时间距离收缩地图来看，无论以上海还是北京为中心，以城市为载体的中国经济空间格局的变化趋势均显示出东部和中部地区的空间紧密压缩，尤其是以上海为中心东中15个省（市）空间距离发生明显收缩。而时间距离地图反映出东北、西北、西南目前仍然是群带状的城市体系或点线状的城市体系，城市沿一条主线展开，能够连接的城市节点比较少，可以利用的资源和区域合作范围均受限。
综合来看，快速综合交通体系的建设，加快了东、中合为一体的脚步，共同成为全国经济中心区的趋势逐步增强，而东北地区和西部地区在高铁时代将面临边缘化的压力，成为未来区域均衡发展战略的实施重点。
未来中国城市空间体系将逐步呈现从东中部中心地区到东北和西部外围地区的“一团五线”发展格局：东中部是中心区域，北至京呼线、东南临海、西抵东经110°山区绵延带的群网状城市体系聚合成“一团”，形成“巨掌”，纵横交错的交通网络汇聚于全国性中心城市，犹如经脉交汇于掌心；东北和西部是外围区域，群带状城市体系延伸出“五线”，京哈线、陇海-兰新线、长江下游延伸线、沪昆线和南海沿线形成五根“手指”；京广线作为纵贯南北的大动脉，构成手掌和手指之间的关节线，向东对接东中部的网络体系，向西发散出西部的群带体系，使指掌间收放自如、行动统一；包昆线作为外围的南北大通道，实现西部群带体系的互联互通，构成手指中部的关节线，使指间行动彼此兼顾，纵横联动。
（作者单位为中国社会科学院财经战略研究院）
《中国共产党章程》总纲开宗明义的指出：中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队。这两个先锋队决定了党的性质、宗旨和所肩负的历史使命。特别是在改革开放和进入新世纪全面建设小康社会的新时期，我们党更是代表了先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，真正体现了立党为公，执政为民的执政意愿。
一、什么是党章、如何解读新党章
《党章》，全称为《中国共产党章程》，是中国共产党的核心文件，《党章》的主要内容包括党的性质、指导思想、纲领任务、组织结构、组织制度，党员的条件、权利、义务和纪律等项。
《党章》是衡量一个政党是否成熟的关键因素之一，是一个政党为保证全党在政治上，思想上的一致和组织上，行动上的统一所制定的章程，是政党的宗旨和行为规范。
十八大修改并通过的党章有十一章五十三条（另有总纲部分）。中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会部分修改的党章于2012年11月14日通过，目录如下： 总 纲 第一章 党 员 第二章 党的组织制度 第三章 党的中央组织 第四章 党的地方组织 第五章 党的基层组织 第六章 党的干部 第七章 党的纪律 第八章 党的纪律检查机关 第九章 党 组
第十章 党和共产主义青年团的关系 第十一章 党徽党旗
二、关于对《中国共产党章程》的理解
中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。党的最高理想和最终目标是实现共产主义。中国共产党以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想作为自己的行动指南。
马克思列宁主义揭示了人类社会历史发展的规律，它的基本原理是正确的，具有强大的生命力。中国共产党人追求的共产主义最高理想，只有在社会主义社会充分发展和高度发达的基础上才能实现。社会主义制度的发展和完善是一个长期的历史过程。坚持马克思列宁主义的基本原理，走中国人民自愿选择的适合中国国情的道路，中国的社会主义事业必将取得最终的胜利。
三、党章的修改及意思 十六大通过的党章，对十五大党章做出的修改只有65处，从修改的规模看，只是一些小改，但是在一些核心问题上，十六大党章却做出了一系列重大的改动。
新党章对党的性质是这样表述的：中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，党的最高理想和最终目标是实现共产主义。
十六大党章补充和完善了其它重要内容包括关于依法治国、建设社会主义法制国家、关于党的建设和党的领导的新要求等。此外，十六大党章还增加了一个章节，专门对党徽和党旗的相关内容及使用作出规定。包括上述修改在内的全部65处改动随着十六大党章的公开发行，已经为党内外、国内外关注党章修改的人所了解。要把这部（党内）根本大法，把党章的各项要求落实到各项工作当中去，还有许多环节和工作要做，比如说，依据党章制定出符合实际的各种规定、规章、条例、办法、实施细则，把党章的一些要求具体化。党的十八大修改新党章有以下三个亮点：
1.把科学发展观同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想一道，确立为党的行动指南;2.在党章中完整表述了中国特色社会主义道路、中国特色社会主义理论体系、中国特色社会主义制度，全面揭示了中国特色社会主义的科学内涵;把生态文明建设纳入中国特色社会主义事业总体布局;3.把加强党的执政能力建设、先进性和纯洁性建设，整体推进党的思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、反腐倡廉建设、制度建设，全面提高党的建设科学化水平，建设学习型、服务型、创新型的马克思主义执政党等内容写入党章，并对党员义务、党的基层组织和党的干部的要求作了充实。
通过这次修改，党章更加完善，必将更好发挥根本性规范和指导作用。
四、正确认识共产党员的标准。
随着我们党的理论的不断成熟和实践的不断丰富，随着党员队伍的不断壮大、党员队伍建设的不断加强和党员管理工作经验的不断积累，党员标准的内容也不断充实和完善。
党员标准由三个方面的内容构成。它们互相联系，各有侧重，从不同角度、不同层次规定了党员标准的各个方面，共同构成了党员标准的有机整体。
共产党员特别是领导干部要把全心全意为人民服务作为毕生追求的最高境界，正确对待个人得失，不计名利、不讲价钱、不图虚名、不要张扬、勤勤恳恳、兢兢业业、甘当无名英雄。要清清白白，一身正气，做廉洁自律的表率；踏踏实实，埋头苦干，做艰苦奋斗的表率；勤勤恳恳，恪尽职守，做勤政为民的表率；堂堂正正，敢于碰硬，做坚持原则的表率。在不同历史时期党的任务不同，对党员的具体要求会有变化，但这决不意味着降低标准。
在新的历史时期，对党员提出了体现时代性的更严格的要求，这就是 胸怀共产主义远大理想，带头执行党和国家现阶段的各项政策，勇于开拓，积极进取，不怕困难，不怕挫折；诚心诚意为人民谋利益，吃苦在前，享受在后，克己奉公，多做贡献；刻苦学习马克思主义理论，增强辨别是非的能力，掌握做好本职工作的知识和本领，努力创造一流的成绩；在危急的时刻挺身而出，维护国家和人民的利益，坚决同危害人民、危害社会、危害国家的行为作斗争。
党章对党员的严格要求来自实践，只要经过认真的努力，是完全可以做到的。要求入党的同志绝不应丧失信心和决心。党的大门随时向着忠诚于党的事业的优秀分子敞开的。党对要求入党的积极分子，也必须对其政治觉悟、政治倾向、思想品质等方面有严格的要求。因此，要求入党的同志一定要全面理解和实践党章规定的党员条件，决不能片面地理解，从而放松对自己的严格要求。要求入党的同志，应对照党员标准，找出自己的差距，明确努力方向。
CONSTITUTION OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA
(Amended and adopted at the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on October 21, 2007
General Program
The Communist Party of China is the vanguard both of the Chinese working class and of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation.It is the core of leadership for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and represents the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China’s advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.The realization of communism is the highest ideal and ultimate
goal of the Party.The Communist Party of China takes Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as its guide to action.Marxism-Leninism brings to light the laws governing the development of the history of human society.Its basic tenets are correct and have tremendous vitality.The highest ideal of communism pursued by the Chinese Communists can be realized only when the socialist society is fully developed and highly advanced.The development and improvement of the socialist system is a long historical process.So long as the Chinese Communists uphold the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism and follow the road suited to China’s specific conditions and chosen by the Chinese people of their own accord, the socialist cause in China will be crowned with final victory.The Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, created Mao Zedong Thought by integrating the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution.Mao Zedong Thought is Marxism-Leninism applied and developed in China;it consists of a body of theoretical principles concerning the revolution and construction in China and a summary of experience therein, both of which have been proved correct by practice;and it represents the crystallized, collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China.Under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought, the Communist Party of China led the people of all ethnic groups in the country in their prolonged revolutionary struggle against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, winning victory in the new-democratic revolution and founding the People’s Republic of China, a people’s democratic dictatorship.After the founding of the People’s Republic, it led them in carrying out socialist transformation successfully, completing the transition from New Democracy to socialism, establishing the basic system of socialism and developing socialism economically, politically
and culturally.After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as their chief representative, analyzed their experience, both positive and negative, gained since the founding of the People’s Republic, emancipated their minds, sought truth from facts, shifted the focus of the work of the whole Party onto economic development and carried out reform and opening to the outside world, ushering in a new era of development in the cause of socialism, gradually formulating the line, principles and policies concerning the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics and expounding the basic questions concerning the building, consolidation and development of socialism in China, and thus creating Deng Xiaoping Theory.Deng Xiaoping Theory is the outcome of the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism with the practice of contemporary China and the features of the times, a continuation and development of Mao Zedong Thought under new historical conditions;it represents a new stage of development of Marxism in China, it is Marxism of contemporary China and it is the crystallized, collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China.It is guiding the socialist modernization of China from victory to victory.After the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Party Central Committee and in the practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Jiang Zemin as their chief representative, acquired a deeper understanding of what socialism is, how to build it and what kind of party to build and how to build it, accumulated new valuable experience in running the Party and state and formed the important thought of Three Represents.The important thought of Three Represents is a continuation and development of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory;it reflects new requirements for the work of the Party and state arising from the developments and changes in China and other parts of the world today;it serves as a powerful theoretical weapon for strengthening and improving Party building and for promoting self-improvement and development of socialism in China;and it is the crystallized, collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China.It is a guiding ideology that the Party must uphold for a long time to come.Persistent implementation of the Three Represents is the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its governance and the
source of its strength.Since the Sixteenth National Congress, the Central Committee of the Party has followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and, by pooling the wisdom of the whole Party to meet new requirements of development, formulated the Scientific Outlook on Development, which puts people first and calls for comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.The outlook is a scientific theory that is in the same line as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and keeps up with the times.It is an important guiding principle for China’s economic and social development and a major strategic thought that must be upheld and applied in developing socialism with
Chinese characteristics.The fundamental reason behind all of China’s achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is, in the final analysis, that the Party has blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.All Party members must cherish the path and the system that the Party explored and created after going through all the hardships, keep to the path and uphold the system for a long time to come and constantly develop them.They must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and strive to fulfill the three historical tasks of advancing the modernization drive, achieving national reunification, and safeguarding world peace and promoting
common development.China is in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.This is a historical stage which cannot be skipped in socialist modernization in China which is backward economically and culturally.It will last for over a hundred years.In socialist construction the Party must proceed from China’s specific conditions and take the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.At the present stage, the principal contradiction in Chinese society is one between the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the low level of production.Owing to both domestic circumstances and foreign influences, class struggle will continue to exist within a certain scope for a long time and may possibly grow acute under certain conditions, but it is no longer the principal contradiction.In building socialism, the basic task is to further release and develop the productive forces and achieve socialist modernization step by step by carrying out reform in those aspects and links of the production relations and the superstructure that do not conform to the development of the productive forces.The Party must uphold and improve the basic economic system, with public ownership playing a dominant role and different economic sectors developing side by side, as well as the system of distribution under which distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist, encourage some areas and some people to become rich first, gradually eliminate poverty, achieve common prosperity, continuously meet the people’s ever-growing material and cultural needs on the basis of the growth of production and social wealth and promote people’s all-round development.Development is the Party’s top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country.The general starting point and criterion for judging all the Party’s work should be how it benefits development of the productive forces in China’s socialist society, adds to the overall strength of socialist China and improves the people’s living standards.The Party must respect work, knowledge, talent and creation and ensure that development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing in its fruits.The beginning of the new century marks China’s entry into the new stage of development of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerating socialist modernization.The Party must promote all-round economic, political, cultural and social development in accordance with the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.The strategic objectives of economic and social development at this new stage in the new century are to consolidate and develop the relatively comfortable life initially attained, bring China into a moderately prosperous society of a higher level to the benefit of well over one billion people by the time of the Party’s centenary and bring the per capita GDP up to the level of moderately developed countries and realize modernization in the main by the time of the centenary of the People’s Republic
of China.The basic line of the Communist Party of China in the primary stage of socialism is to lead the people of all ethnic groups in a concerted, self-reliant and pioneering effort to turn China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country by making economic development the central task while upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy.In leading the cause of socialism, the Communist Party of China must persist in taking economic development as the central task, making all other work subordinate to and serve this central task.The Party must lose no time in speeding up development, implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained personnel and the strategy of sustainable development, and give full play to the role of science and technology as the primary productive force.The Party must take advantage of the advancement of science and technology to improve the quality of workers and promote sound and rapid development of the national economy.The Four Cardinal Principles – to keep to the socialist road and to uphold the people’s democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought – are the foundation on which to build the country.Throughout the course of socialist modernization the Party must adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and combat bourgeois liberalization.Reform and opening up are the path to a stronger China.The Party must carry out fundamental reform of the economic structure that hampers the development of the productive forces, and keep to and improve the socialist market economy;it must also carry out corresponding political restructuring and reform in other fields.The Party must adhere to the basic state policy of opening up and assimilate and exploit the achievements of all other cultures.It must be bold in making explorations and breaking new ground in reform and opening up, make its reform decisions more scientific, better coordinate its reform measures and blaze new trails in practice.The Communist Party of China leads the people in developing the socialist market economy.It unwaveringly consolidates and develops the public sector of the economy and unswervingly encourages, supports and guides the development of the non-public sector.It gives play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources and works to set up a sound system of macroeconomic regulation.The Party works to balance urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, relations between man and nature, and domestic development and opening to the outside world, adjust the economic structure, and transform the pattern of economic development.It is dedicated to building a new socialist countryside, taking a new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, and making China an innovative country and a resource-conserving, environment-friendly
society.The Communist Party of China leads the people in promoting socialist democracy.It integrates its leadership, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law, takes the path of political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, expands socialist democracy, improves the socialist legal system, builds a socialist country under the rule of law, consolidates the people’s democratic dictatorship, and builds socialist political civilization.It upholds and improves the system of people’s congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under its leadership, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of self-governance at the primary level of society.It takes effective measures to protect the people’s right to manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural programs.It respects and safeguards human rights.It encourages the free airing of views and works to establish sound systems and procedures of democratic election, decision-making, administration and oversight.It strengthens state legislation and law enforcement so as to bring all work of the state under the rule
of law.The Communist Party of China leads the people in developing an advanced socialist culture.It promotes socialist cultural and ethical progress, combines the rule of law and the rule of virtue in running the country and works to raise the ideological and moral standards and scientific and educational levels of the entire nation so as to provide a powerful ideological guarantee, motivation and intellectual support for reform, opening up and socialist modernization.It adheres to Marxism as its guiding ideology, fosters the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, promotes patriotism-centered national spirit and the spirit of the times centering on reform and innovation and advocates the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace.It works to enhance the people’s sense of national dignity, self-confidence and self-reliance, resist corrosion by decadent capitalist and feudal ideas and wipe out all social evils so that the people will have high ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline.It also needs to imbue its members with the lofty ideal of communism.The Party strives to develop educational, scientific and cultural programs, carry forward the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and develop a thriving socialist culture.The Communist Party of China leads the people in building a harmonious socialist society.In accordance with the general requirements for democracy and the rule of law, equity and justice, honesty and fraternity, vigor and vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature and the principle of all the people building and sharing a harmonious socialist society, the Party focuses its efforts on improving people’s lives by solving the most specific problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people and strives to create a situation in which all people do their best, find their proper places in society and live together in harmony.The Party strictly distinguishes between the two different types of contradictions – those between ourselves and the enemy and those among the people – and works to handle them correctly.It will strengthen comprehensive measures to maintain law and order, and resolutely combat criminal activities that endanger national security and interests, social stability and economic development and bring criminals to justice in accordance with the law, so as to maintain lasting social stability.The Communist Party of China persists in its leadership over the People’s Liberation Army and other armed forces of the people, builds up the strength of the People’s Liberation Army, ensures that it accomplishes its historical missions at this new stage in the new century, and gives full play to its role in consolidating national defense, defending the motherland and participating in the socialist modernization
drive.The Communist Party of China upholds and promotes socialist ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony, actively trains and promotes cadres from among ethnic minorities, helps ethnic minorities and ethnic autonomous areas with their economic, cultural and social development, and ensures that all ethnic groups work together for common prosperity and development.The Party strives to fully implement its basic principle for its work related to religious affairs, and rallies religious believers in making contributions to economic and social development.The Communist Party of China rallies all workers, farmers and intellectuals, and all the democratic parties, personages without party affiliation and the patriotic forces of all ethnic groups in China in further expanding and fortifying the broadest possible patriotic united front embracing all socialist workers, all builders of the cause of socialism and all patriots who support socialism or who support the reunification of the motherland.The Party will constantly strengthen the unity of all the Chinese people, including the compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese.It will promote long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao and complete the great cause of reunifying the motherland in conformity with the principle of “one country, two systems.”
The Communist Party of China adheres to an independent foreign policy of peace, follows the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy of opening up, takes both the domestic and international situations into consideration, and vigorously develops relations with other countries in order to bring about a favorable international environment for China’s reform, opening up and modernization.In international affairs, it safeguards China’s independence and sovereignty, opposes hegemonism and power politics, defends world peace, promotes human progress, and pushes for the building of a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.It develops relations between China and other countries on the basis of the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, noninterference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.It strives for the constant development of good-neighborly relations between China and the surrounding countries and for the strengthening of the unity and cooperation between China and other developing countries.The Communist Party of China develops relations with communist parties and other political parties in other countries in accordance with the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect and noninterference in each
other’s internal affairs.In order to lead the people of all ethnic groups in China in attaining the great goal of socialist modernization, the Communist Party of China must adhere to its basic line, strengthen its governance capability and vanguard nature, and comprehensively carry forward the great new undertaking to build itself in a spirit of reform and innovation.The Party must steadfastly build itself for public interests, exercise governance for the people, practice self-discipline, be strict with its members, and carry forward its fine traditions and style of work.It must constantly improve its art of leadership and governance, raise its ability to resist corruption, prevent degeneration and withstand risks, constantly strengthen its class foundation, expand its mass base and enhance its creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, so that it will stand forever in the forefront of the times and make itself a strong nucleus that can lead all the Chinese people in the unceasing march along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In building itself, the Party must be determined to meet the following four essential requirements:
First, adhering to the Party’s basic line.The whole Party must achieve unity in thinking and in action with Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Party’s basic line, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development and persevere in doing so for a long time to come.The Party must integrate the reform and opening up policy with the Four Cardinal Principles, carry out its basic line in all fields of endeavor, implement in an all-round way its basic program for the primary stage of socialism and combat all “Left” and Right erroneous tendencies, maintaining vigilance against Right tendencies, primarily against “Left” tendencies.The Party must intensify the building of leading bodies at all levels, selecting and promoting cadres who have scored outstanding achievements in their public service and have won the trust of the masses in reform, opening up and the modernization drive, and train and cultivate millions upon millions of successors to the cause of socialism, thus ensuring organizationally the implementation of the Party’s basic theory, line, program and experience.Second, persevering in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and keeping up with the times.The Party’s ideological line is to proceed from reality in handling all matters, to integrate theory with practice, to seek truth from facts, and to verify and develop the truth through practice.All Party members must adhere to this ideological line, promote the truth-seeking and pragmatic spirit, explore new ways, boldly experiment with new methods, go in for innovation, work creatively, constantly study new situations, review new experience and solve new problems, enrich and develop Marxism in practice, and advance the endeavor to adapt Marxism to
Chinese conditions.Third, persevering in serving the people wholeheartedly.The Party has no special interests of its own apart from the interests of the working class and the broadest masses of the people.At all times the Party gives top priority to the interests of the people, shares weal and woe with them, maintains the closest possible ties with them, and persists in exercising power for them, showing concern for them and working for their interests, and it does not allow any member to become divorced from the masses or place himself or herself above them.The Party follows the mass line in its work, doing everything for the masses, relying on them in every task, carrying out the principle of “from the masses, to the masses,” and translating its correct views into action by the masses of their own accord.The biggest political advantage of the Party lies in its close ties with the masses while the biggest potential danger for it as a ruling party comes from its divorce from them.The Party’s style of work and its maintenance of ties with the masses of the people are a matter of vital importance to the Party.The Party will establish a sound system for punishing and preventing corruption by fighting it in a comprehensive way, addressing both its symptoms and root cause and combining punishment with prevention, with the emphasis on prevention.The Party will persistently oppose corruption and step up efforts to improve its style of work and uphold integrity.Fourth, upholding democratic centralism.Democratic centralism is a combination of centralism on the basis of democracy and democracy under centralized guidance.It is the fundamental organizational principle of the Party and is also the mass line applied in the Party’s political activities.The Party must fully expand intra-Party democracy, safeguard the democratic rights of its members, and give play to the initiative and creativity of Party organizations at all levels as well as its members.Correct centralism must be practiced so as to ensure the solidarity, unity and concerted action in the whole Party and prompt and effective implementation of its decisions.The sense of organization and discipline must be strengthened, and all members are equal before Party discipline.Oversight of leading Party organs and of Party members holding leading positions must be strengthened and the system of intra-Party oversight constantly improved.In its internal political activities, the Party conducts criticism and self-criticism in the correct way, waging ideological struggles over matters of principle, upholding truth and rectifying mistakes.Diligent efforts must be made to create a political situation in which there are both centralism and democracy, both discipline and freedom, both unity of will and personal ease of mind and liveliness.Leadership by the Party means mainly political, ideological and organizational leadership.The Party must meet the requirements of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, persist in scientific, democratic and law-based governance, and strengthen and improve its leadership.Acting on the principle that the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters, the Party must play the role as the core of leadership among all other organizations at the corresponding levels.It must concentrate on leading economic development, organize and coordinate all forces in a concerted effort to focus on economic development and promote all-round economic and social development.The Party must practice democratic and scientific decision-making;formulate and implement the correct line, principles and policies;do its organizational, publicity and educational work well and make sure that all Party members play an exemplary and vanguard role.The Party must conduct its activities within the framework of the Constitution and laws of the country.It must see to it that the legislative, judicial and administrative organs of the state and the economic, cultural and people’s organizations work with initiative and independent responsibility and in unison.The Party must strengthen its leadership over trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women’s federations and other mass organizations, and give full scope to their roles.The Party must adapt itself to the march of events and changing circumstances, improving its system and style of leadership and raising its governance capability.Party members must work in close cooperation with non-Party persons in the common endeavor to build socialism with Chinese characteristics.Chapter I Membership
Article 1.Any Chinese worker, farmer, member of the armed forces, intellectual or any advanced element of other social strata who has reached the age of eighteen and who accepts the Party’s program and Constitution and is willing to join and work actively in one of the Party organizations, carry out the Party’s resolutions and pay membership dues regularly may apply for membership in the Communist Party of
China.Article 2.Members of the Communist Party of China are vanguard fighters of the Chinese working class imbued with
communist consciousness.Members of the Communist Party of China must serve the people wholeheartedly, dedicate their whole lives to the realization of communism, and be ready to make any personal
sacrifices.Members of the Communist Party of China are at all times ordinary members of the working people.Communist Party members must not seek any personal gain or privileges, although the relevant laws and policies provide them with personal benefits and job-related functions and powers.Article 3.Party members must fulfill the following
duties:
1)To conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, study the Scientific Outlook on Development, study the Party’s line, principles, policies and resolutions, acquire essential knowledge concerning the Party, obtain general, scientific, legal and professional knowledge and work diligently to enhance their ability to serve the people.2)To implement the Party’s basic line, principles and policies, take the lead in reform, opening up and socialist modernization, encourage the people to work hard for economic development and social progress and play an exemplary and vanguard role in production, work, study and social activities.3)To adhere to the principle that the interests of the Party and the people stand above everything else, subordinating their personal interests to the interests of the Party and the people, being the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts, working selflessly for the public interests and working to
contribute more.4)To conscientiously observe the Party discipline, abide by the laws and regulations of the state in an exemplary way, rigorously guard secrets of the Party and state, execute the Party’s decisions, and accept any job and actively fulfill any task assigned them by the Party.5)To uphold the Party’s solidarity and unity, be loyal to and honest with the Party, match words with deeds, firmly oppose all factions and small-clique activities and oppose double-dealing and scheming of any kind.6)To earnestly engage in criticism and self-criticism, boldly expose and correct shortcomings and mistakes in work and resolutely combat corruption and other negative phenomena.7)To maintain close ties with the masses, disseminate the Party’s views among them, consult with them when problems arise, keep the Party informed of their views and demands in good time and defend their legitimate interests.8)To promote new socialist ways and customs, take the lead in putting into practice the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and advocate communist ethics.To step forward and fight bravely in times of difficulty or danger, daring to make any sacrifice to defend the interests of the country and the
people.Article 4.Party members enjoy the following rights: 1)To attend relevant Party meetings, read relevant Party documents, and benefit from the Party’s education and training.2)To participate in the discussion of questions concerning the Party’s policies at Party meetings and in Party newspapers
and journals.3)To make suggestions and proposals regarding the work of
the Party.4)To make well-grounded criticism of any Party organization or member at Party meetings, to present information or charges against any Party organization or member concerning violations of discipline or the law to the Party in a responsible way, to demand disciplinary measures against such a member, or call for dismissal or replacement of any
incompetent cadre.5)To participate in voting and elections and to stand for
election.6)To attend, with the right of self-defense, discussions held by Party organizations to decide on disciplinary measures to be taken against themselves or to appraise their work and behavior;other Party members may also bear witness or argue
on their behalf.7)In case of disagreement with a Party resolution or policy, to make reservations and present their views to Party organizations at higher levels even up to the Central Committee, provided that they resolutely carry out the resolution or policy while it is in force.8)To put forward any request, appeal, or complaint to higher Party organizations even up to the Central Committee and ask the organizations concerned for a responsible reply.No Party organization, up to and including the Central Committee, has the right to deprive any Party member of the
above-mentioned rights.Article 5.New Party members must be admitted through a Party branch, and the principle of individual admission must
be adhered to.An applicant for Party membership must fill out an application form and be recommended by two full Party members.The application must be accepted at a general membership meeting of the Party branch concerned and approved by the next higher Party organization, and the applicant must undergo observation for a probationary period before being granted full
membership.Party members who recommend an applicant must make genuine efforts to acquaint themselves with the applicant’s ideology, character, personal record and work performance and explain to each applicant the Party’s program and Constitution, qualifications for membership and the duties and rights of members, and must make a responsible report to the Party
organization on the matter.The Party branch committee must canvass the opinions of persons concerned, inside and outside the Party, about an applicant for Party membership and, after establishing the latter’s qualification through rigorous examination, submit the application to a general membership meeting for discussion.Before approving the admission of applicants for Party membership, the next higher Party organization concerned must appoint people to talk with them, in order to get to know them better and help deepen their understanding of the Party.In special circumstances, the Central Committee of the Party or the Party committee of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government may admit
new Party members directly.Article 6.A probationary Party member must take an admission oath in front of the Party flag.The oath reads: It is my will to join the Communist Party of China, uphold the Party’s program, observe the provisions of the Party Constitution, fulfill a Party member’s duties, carry out the Party’s decisions, strictly observe Party discipline, guard Party secrets, be loyal to the Party, work hard, fight for communism throughout my life, be ready at all times to sacrifice my all for the Party and the people, and never betray the Party.Article 7.The probationary period of a probationary member is one year.The Party organization should make serious efforts to educate and observe the probationary members.Probationary members have the same duties as full members.They enjoy the rights of full members except those of participating in voting and elections and standing for
election.Upon the expiration of the probationary period of a probationary member, the Party branch concerned should promptly discuss whether he or she is qualified for full membership.A probationary member who conscientiously performs his or her duties and is qualified for full membership shall be granted full membership as scheduled;if continued observation and education are needed, the probationary period may be extended, but by no more than one year;if a probationary member fails to perform his or her duties and is found to be unqualified for full membership, his or her probationary membership shall be annulled.Any decision to grant a probationary member full membership, extend a probationary period, or annul a probationary membership must be made through discussion held by the general membership meeting of the Party branch concerned and approved by the next higher Party
organization.The probationary period of a probationary member begins from the day the general membership meeting of the Party branch admits him or her as a probationary member.The Party standing of a member begins from the day he or she is granted full membership on the expiration of the probationary period.Article 8.Every Party member, irrespective of position, must be organized into a branch, cell or other specific unit of the Party to participate in the regular activities of the Party organization and accept oversight by the masses inside and outside the Party.Leading Party cadres must attend democratic meetings held by the Party committee or leading Party members’ group.There shall be no privileged Party members who do not participate in the regular activities of the Party organization and do not accept oversight by the masses inside and outside the Party.Article 9.Party members are free to withdraw from the Party.When a Party member asks to withdraw, the Party branch concerned shall, after discussion by its general membership meeting, remove his or her name from the Party rolls, make the removal public and report it to the next higher Party organization for
the record.The Party branch shall try to educate the Party member who lacks revolutionary will, fails to fulfill the duties of a Party member, or is not qualified for membership and require him or her to correct his or her mistakes within a prescribed time.If the member remains incorrigible after education, he or she should be persuaded to withdraw from the Party.The case shall be discussed and decided by the general membership meeting of the Party branch concerned and submitted to the next higher Party organization for approval.If the Party member being persuaded to withdraw refuses to do so, the case shall be submitted to the general membership meeting of the Party branch concerned for discussion to decide on the removal of the said member’s name from the Party rolls, after which the decision shall be submitted to the next higher Party organization for
approval.A Party member who fails to take part in regular Party activities, pay membership dues or do work assigned by the Party for six successive months without good reason is regarded as having given up membership.The general membership meeting of the Party branch concerned shall decide on the removal of such a person’s name from the Party rolls and report it to the next higher Party organization for approval.Chapter II
The Party’s Organizational System
Article 10.The Party is an integral body organized under its program and Constitution and on the basis of democratic centralism.The Party’s basic principles of democratic
centralism are as follows: 1)Individual Party members are subordinate to the Party organization, the minority is subordinate to the majority, the lower Party organizations are subordinate to the higher Party organizations, and all the constituent organizations and members of the Party are subordinate to the National Congress and the Central Committee of the Party.2)The Party’s leading bodies at all levels are elected except for the representative organs dispatched by them and the leading Party members’ groups in non-Party organizations.3)The highest leading body of the Party is the National Congress and the Central Committee elected by it.The leading bodies of local Party organizations are the Party congresses at their respective levels and the Party committees elected by them.Party committees are responsible, and report their work, to the Party congresses at their respective levels.4)Higher Party organizations shall pay constant attention to the views of lower organizations and the rank-and-file Party members, and solve in good time the problems they raise.Lower Party organizations shall report on their work to, and request instructions from, higher Party organizations;at the same time, they shall handle, independently and in a responsible manner, matters within their jurisdiction.Higher and lower Party organizations should exchange information and support and oversee each other.Party organizations at all levels should increase transparency in Party affairs in accordance with regulations to keep Party members better informed of these affairs and to provide them with more opportunities to
participate in them.5)Party committees at all levels function on the principle of combining collective leadership with individual responsibility based on division of work.All major issues shall be decided upon by the Party committees after discussion in accordance with the principle of collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations and decision by meetings.The members of the Party committees should earnestly exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the collective decisions taken and division of work.6)The Party forbids all forms of personality cult.It is necessary to ensure that the activities of the Party leaders are subject to oversight by the Party and the people, and at the same time to uphold the prestige of all the leaders who represent the interests of the Party and the people.Article 11.The election of delegates to Party congresses and of members of Party committees at all levels should reflect the will of the voters.Elections shall be held by secret ballot.The lists of candidates shall be submitted to the Party organizations and voters for full deliberation and discussion.The election procedure in which the number of candidates nominated is greater than the number of persons to be elected may be used directly in a formal election or this procedure may be used first in a preliminary election in order to draw up a list of candidates for the formal election.The voters have the right to inquire about the candidates, demand a change or reject one in favor of another.No organization or individual shall in any way compel voters to elect or not to elect any candidate.If any violation of the Party Constitution occurs in the election of delegates to local Party congresses at all levels or to Party congresses at the primary level, the Party committee at the next higher level, after investigation and verification, should decide to declare the election invalid and take appropriate measures.The decision shall be reported to the Party committee at the next higher level for checking and approval before it is formally announced and implemented.A tenure system is adopted for delegates to Party congresses
at all levels.Article 12.When necessary, the Central Committee of the Party and the local Party committees at all levels will convene conferences of delegates to discuss and decide on major problems that require timely solution.The number of delegates to such conferences and the procedure governing their election shall be determined by the Party committees convening them.Article 13.The formation of a new Party organization or the dissolution of an existing one shall be decided upon by the
higher Party organization.When the congress of a local Party organization at any level or the congress of a Party organization at the primary level is not in session, the next higher Party organization may, when it deems it necessary, transfer or appoint responsible members
of that organization.The Party’s Central Committee and local Party committees at all levels may send out their representative organs.The Party’s Central Committee and committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government implement the system of inspection tours.Article 14.When making decisions on important questions affecting the lower organizations, the leading bodies of the Party at all levels should, under normal circumstances, solicit opinions of the lower organizations.Measures should be taken to ensure that the lower organizations can exercise their functions and powers normally.Except in special circumstances, higher leading bodies should not interfere with matters that ought to be handled by lower organizations.Article 15.Only the Central Committee of the Party has the power to make decisions on major policies of a nationwide character.Party organizations of various departments and localities may make suggestions with regard to such policies to the Central Committee, but shall not make any decisions or publicize their views outside the Party without authorization.Lower Party organizations must firmly implement the decisions of higher Party organizations.If lower organizations consider that any decisions of higher organizations do not suit the specific conditions in their localities or departments, they may demand modification.If the higher organizations insist on their original decisions, the lower organizations must carry out such decisions and refrain from publicly voicing their differences, but retain the right to report to the next higher Party organization.Newspapers, journals and other means of publicity run by Party organizations at all levels must disseminate the line, principles, policies and resolutions of the Party.Article 16.When discussing and making decisions on any matter, Party organizations must keep to the principle of subordination of the minority to the majority.A vote must be taken when major issues are decided on.Serious consideration should be given to the differing views of a minority.In case of controversy over major issues in which supporters of the two opposing views are nearly equal in number, except in emergencies where action must be taken in accordance with the majority view, the decision should be put off to allow for further investigation, study and exchange of opinions followed by another vote.Under special circumstances, the controversy may be reported to the next higher Party organization for a
ruling.When, on behalf of the Party organization, an individual Party member is to express views on major issues beyond the scope of the existing decisions of the Party organization, the content must be referred to the Party organization for prior discussion and decision, or referred to the next higher Party organization for instructions.No Party member, whatever his or her position, is allowed to make decisions on major issues on his or her own.In an emergency, when a decision by an individual is unavoidable, the matter must be reported to the Party organization immediately afterwards.No leader is allowed to take decisions arbitrarily or to place himself or herself above the Party organization.Article 17.The central, local and primary organizations of the Party must all pay great attention to Party building.They shall regularly discuss and examine the Party’s work in publicity, education, organization and discipline inspection, its mass work and united front work.They must carefully study ideological and political developments inside
and outside the Party.Chapter III
Central Organizations of the Party
Article 18.The National Congress of the Party is held once every five years and convened by the Central Committee.It may be convened before the normally scheduled date if the Central Committee deems it necessary or if more than one third of the organizations at the provincial level so request.Except under extraordinary circumstances, the Congress may not be
postponed.The number of delegates to the National Congress of the Party and the procedure governing their election shall be determined by the Central Committee.Article 19.The functions and powers of the National Congress of the Party are as follows:
1)To hear and examine the reports of the Central
Committee;
2)To hear and examine the reports of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection;
3)To discuss and decide on major questions concerning
the Party;
4)To revise the Constitution of the Party;5)To elect the Central Committee;and
6)To elect the Central Commission for Discipline
Inspection.Article 20.The powers and functions of the National Conference of the Party are as follows: to discuss and make decisions on major questions;and to replace members and elect additional members of the Central Committee and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.The number of members and alternate members of the Central Committee to be replaced or newly elected shall not exceed one fifth of the respective totals of members and alternate members of the Central Committee elected by the National Congress of the Party.Article 21.The Central Committee of the Party is elected for a term of five years.However, when the next National Congress is convened before or after its normally scheduled date, the term shall be correspondingly shortened or extended.Members and alternate members of the Central Committee must have a Party standing of five years or more.The number of members and alternate members of the Central Committee shall be determined by the National Congress.Vacancies on the Central Committee shall be filled by its alternate members in the order of the number of votes by which
they were elected.The Central Committee of the Party meets in plenary session at least once a year, and such sessions are convened by its Political Bureau.The Political Bureau reports its work to these sessions and accepts their oversight.When the National Congress is not in session, the Central Committee carries out its resolutions, directs the entire work of the Party and represents the Communist Party of China in its external relations.Article 22.The Political Bureau, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau and the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party are elected by the Central Committee in plenary session.The General Secretary of the Central Committee must be a member of the Standing Committee
of the Political Bureau.When the Central Committee is not in session, the Political Bureau and its Standing Committee exercise the functions and powers of the Central Committee.The Secretariat of the Central Committee is the working body of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee.The members of the Secretariat are nominated by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and are subject to endorsement by the Central Committee in plenary session.The General Secretary of the Central Committee is responsible for convening the meetings of the Political Bureau and its Standing Committee and presides over the work of the
Secretariat.The members of the Military Commission of the Central Committee are decided on by the Central Committee.The central leading bodies and leaders elected by each Central Committee shall, when the next National Congress is in session, continue to preside over the Party’s day-to-day work until the new central leading bodies and leaders are elected by the next Central Committee.Article 23.Party organizations in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army carry on their work in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee.The political work organ of the Military Commission of the Central Committee is the General Political Department of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army;the General Political Department directs Party and political work in the army.The organizational system and organs of the Party in the armed forces are prescribed by the Military Commission of the Central Committee.Chapter IV
Local Organizations of the Party
Article 24.The Party congress of a province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government, city divided into districts, autonomous prefecture, county(banner), autonomous county, city not divided into districts, or municipal district is held once every five years.Local Party congresses are convened by the Party committees at the corresponding levels.Under extraordinary circumstances, they may be held before or after their normally scheduled dates upon approval by the next higher Party
committees.The number of delegates to the local Party congresses at any level and the procedure governing their election are determined by the Party committees at the corresponding levels and should be reported to the next higher Party committees for
approval.Article 25.The functions and powers of the local Party congresses at all levels are as follows:
1)To hear and examine the reports of the Party committees at the corresponding levels;
2)To hear and examine the reports of the commissions for discipline inspection at the corresponding levels;3)To discuss and adopt resolutions on major issues in
the given areas;and
4)To elect the Party committees and commissions for discipline inspection at the corresponding levels.Article 26.The Party committee of a province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government, city divided into districts, or autonomous prefecture is elected for a term of five years.The members and alternate members of such a committee must have a Party standing
of five years or more.The Party committee of a county(banner), autonomous county, city not divided into districts, or municipal district is elected for a term of five years.The members and alternate members of such a committee must have a Party standing of three
years or more.When local Party congresses at all levels are convened before or after their normally scheduled dates, the terms of the committees elected by the previous congresses shall be correspondingly shortened or extended.The number of members and alternate members of the local Party committees at all levels shall be determined by the next higher committees.Vacancies on the local Party committees at all levels shall be filled by their alternate members in the order of the number of votes by which they were elected.The local Party committees at all levels meet in plenary session at least twice a year.The local Party committees at all levels shall, when the Party congresses of the given areas are not in session, carry out the directives of the next higher Party organizations and the resolutions of the Party congresses at the corresponding levels, direct work in their own areas and report on it to the next higher Party committees at regular intervals.Article 27.The local Party committees at all levels elect, at their plenary sessions, their standing committees, secretaries and deputy secretaries and report the results to the higher Party committees for approval.The standing committees of the local Party committees at all levels exercise the functions and powers of local Party committees when the latter are not in session.They continue to handle the day-to-day work when the next Party congresses at their levels are in session, until the new standing committees are elected.The standing committees of the local Party committees at all levels regularly report their work to plenary sessions of local Party committees and accept their oversight.Article 28.A prefectural Party committee, or an organization analogous to it, is the representative organ dispatched by a provincial or an autonomous regional Party committee to a prefecture covering several counties, autonomous counties or cities.It exercises leadership over the work in the given prefecture as authorized by the provincial or autonomous regional Party committee.Chapter V
Primary Organizations of the Party Article 29.Primary Party organizations are formed in enterprises, rural areas, government organs, schools, research institutes, communities, social organizations, companies of the People’s Liberation Army and other basic units, where there are at least three full Party members.In primary organizations, primary Party committees and committees of general Party branches or Party branches are set up as the work requires and according to the number of Party members, subject to approval by the higher Party organizations.A primary Party committee is elected by a general membership meeting or a meeting of delegates, the committee of a general Party branch or a Party branch is elected by a general membership meeting, and candidates for these committees are nominated on the basis of extensively soliciting opinions from Party members and non-Party persons.Article 30.A primary Party committee is elected for a term of three to five years, while a general Party branch committee or a Party branch committee is elected for a term of two or three years.Results of the election of a secretary and deputy secretaries of a primary committee, general branch committee or branch committee of the Party shall be reported to the next higher Party organization for approval.Article 31.The primary Party organizations are militant bastions of the Party in the basic units of society, where all the Party’s work proceeds and they serve as the foundation of its fighting capacity.Their main tasks are:
1)To disseminate and carry out the Party’s line, principles and policies, the resolutions of the Central Committee of the Party and other higher Party organizations, and their own resolutions;to give full play to the exemplary and vanguard role of Party members, and to unite and organize the cadres and the rank and file inside and outside the Party to fulfill the
tasks of their own units.2)To organize Party members to conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, study the Scientific Outlook on Development, study the Party’s line, principles, policies and resolutions, acquire essential knowledge concerning the Party and obtain general, scientific, legal and
professional knowledge.3)To educate, manage, oversee and serve Party members;raise their overall quality;strengthen their Party spirit;ensure that they regularly participate in the activities of Party organizations, make criticism and self-criticism, and maintain and observe Party discipline;see that they truly fulfill their duties;protect their rights from encroachment;and improve management of Party members among the floating
population.4)To maintain close ties with the masses, constantly seek their criticisms and opinions regarding Party members and the Party’s work, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the masses and do effective ideological and political work
among them.5)To give full scope to the initiative and creativity of Party members and the masses and to discover, nurture and recommend fine, talented people from among Party members and the masses and encourage them to contribute their skills and learning to reform, opening up and socialist modernization.6)To educate and train the activists who apply for Party membership, attend to the routine work concerning the recruitment of new members and attach great importance to recruiting Party members from among those in the forefront of production and work and from among young people.7)To see to it that Party and non-Party cadres strictly observe the law and administrative discipline and the financial and economic statutes and personnel regulations of the state and that none of them infringe on the interests of the state, the collective or the masses.8)To encourage Party members and the masses to conscientiously resist unhealthy practices and wage resolute struggles against all illegal and criminal activities.Article 32.The primary Party committees in communities, townships and towns and the Party organizations in villages and communities provide leadership for the work in their localities and assist administrative departments, economic institutions and self-governing mass organizations in fully exercising
their functions and powers.In a state-owned or collective enterprise, the primary Party organization acts as the political nucleus and works for the operation of the enterprise.The primary Party organization guarantees and oversees the implementation of the principles and policies of the Party and the state in its own enterprise and backs the meeting of shareholders, board of directors, board of supervisors and manager(factory director)in the exercise of their functions and powers according to law.It relies wholeheartedly on the workers and office staff, supports the work of the congresses of representatives of workers and office staff and participates in making final decisions on major questions in the enterprise.It works to improve its own organization and provides leadership over ideological and political work, efforts for cultural and ethical progress and the trade unions, the Communist Youth League and other mass
organizations.In a non-public economic institution, the primary Party organization carries out the Party’s principles and policies, provides guidance to and oversees the enterprise in observing the laws and regulations of the state, exercises leadership over the trade union, the Communist Youth League organization and other mass organizations, rallies the workers and office staff around it, safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of all quarters and stimulates the healthy development of the
enterprise.In an institution where the administrative leaders assume full responsibility, the primary Party organization acts as the political nucleus.In an institution where the administrative leaders assume full responsibility under the leadership of the Party committee, the primary Party organization discusses and decides on major issues and at the same time ensures that the administrative leaders are able to fully exercise their
functions and powers.In offices of the Party or the state at all levels, the primary Party organizations assist the chief administrators in fulfilling their tasks and improving their work.They exercise oversight over all Party members, including the chief administrators who are Party members, but do not direct the work
of their units.Chapter VI Party Cadres
Article 33.Party cadres are the backbone of the Party’s cause and public servants of the people.The Party selects its cadres according to the principle that they should possess both political integrity and professional competence, adheres to the practice of appointing people on their merits and opposes favoritism;it exerts genuine efforts to make the ranks of the cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and more professionally competent.The Party attaches great importance to education, training, selection and assessment of cadres, especially to the training and selection of outstanding young cadres.The Party actively promotes the reform of the cadre system.The Party attaches great importance to the training and promotion of women cadres and cadres from among the ethnic
minorities.Article 34.Leading Party cadres at all levels must show exemplary performance in carrying out their duties as Party members prescribed in Article 3 of this Constitution and must meet the following basic requirements:
1)Know Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory well enough to perform their duties, earnestly put the important thought of Three Represents into practice, take the lead in applying the Scientific Outlook on Development, try hard to analyze and solve practical problems with the stand, viewpoint and methods of Marxism, keep stressing study, political awareness and integrity, and be able to stand the test of all trials and tribulations.2)Have the lofty ideal of communism and firm conviction in socialism with Chinese characteristics, firmly implement the Party’s basic line, principles and policies, be determined to carry out reform and opening up, devote themselves to the cause of modernization, work hard to start undertakings in socialist construction, foster a correct view on evaluating their performances and make solid achievements that can stand the test of practice and time to the satisfaction of the people.3)Persist in emancipating their minds, seeking truth from facts, keeping up with the times and blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit;conduct earnest investigations and studies so as to be able to integrate the Party’s principles and policies with the actual conditions in their localities or departments and work efficiently;tell the truth, do practical work, seek tangible results and oppose formalism.4)Be fervently dedicated to the revolutionary cause and imbued with a strong sense of political responsibility, have practical experience, and be qualified for leading posts in organizational ability, general education and vocational
knowledge.5)Properly exercise the power invested in them by the people, handle matters according to law, be upright and clean and work diligently for the people, set an example by their own actions, work hard and live simply, maintain close ties with the masses, uphold the Party’s mass line, conscientiously accept the criticism and oversight by the Party and the masses, improve their moral standards, exercise self-respect, self-examination, self-caution and self-motivation, combat bureaucratism, and fight against malpractices such as abuse of
power for personal gain.6)Uphold the Party’s system of democratic centralism, maintain a democratic style of work, take the overall situation into consideration, and be good at uniting and working with other comrades, including those who hold differing opinions.Article 35.Party cadres should be able to cooperate with non-Party cadres, respect them and be open-minded in learning
from their strong points.Party organizations at all levels must be good at discovering and recommending talented non-Party cadres with practical learning for leading posts, and ensure that the latter enjoy authority commensurate with their posts and can
fully play their roles.Article 36.Leading Party cadres at all levels, whether elected through democratic procedure or appointed by a leading body, are not entitled to lifelong tenure, and they can be transferred from or relieved of their posts.Cadres no longer fit to continue working due to old age or poor health should retire according to the regulations of the
state.Chapter VII Party Discipline
Article 37.Party discipline refers to the rules of conduct that must be observed by Party organizations at all levels and by all Party members.It is the guarantee that the unity and solidarity of the Party are safeguarded and that the tasks of the Party are accomplished.Party organizations must strictly observe and maintain Party discipline.A Communist Party member must conscientiously act within the bounds of Party discipline.Article 38.Party organizations should criticize, educate or take disciplinary measures against members who violate Party discipline, depending on the nature and seriousness of their mistakes and in the spirit of “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones, and curing the sickness to save the patient.”
Party members who have seriously violated the criminal law shall be expelled from the Party.It is strictly forbidden in the Party to take any measures against a member that contravene the Party Constitution or the laws of the state, or to retaliate against or frame a member.Any offending organization or individual must be dealt with according to Party discipline and the laws of the state.Article 39.There are five measures for enforcing Party discipline: warning, serious warning, removal from Party posts, probation within the Party, and expulsion from the Party.The period for which a Party member is placed on probation shall not exceed two years.During that period, the Party member concerned has no right to participate in voting or elections or stand for election.A Party member who during that time truly rectifies his or her mistake shall have his or her rights as a Party member restored.Party members who refuse to mend their ways shall be expelled from the Party.Expulsion is the ultimate Party disciplinary measure.In deciding on or approving an expulsion, Party organizations at all levels should study all the relevant facts and opinions and
exercise extreme caution.Article 40.Any disciplinary measure to be taken against a Party member must be discussed and decided on at a general membership meeting of the Party branch concerned, and reported to the primary Party committee concerned for approval.If the case is relatively important or complicated, or involves the expulsion of a member, it shall be reported to a Party commission for discipline inspection at or above the county level for examination and approval, in accordance with the specific situation.Under special circumstances, a Party committee or a commission for discipline inspection at or above the county level has the authority to decide directly on disciplinary measures to be taken against a Party member.Any decision to remove a member or alternate member of the Central Committee or a local committee at any level from his or her posts within the Party, to place such a person on probation within the Party or to expel such a person from the Party must be approved by a two thirds majority vote at a plenary meeting of the Party committee to which he or she belongs.In special circumstances, the decision may be taken first by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee or the standing committee of a local Party committee, pending confirmation at the plenary meeting of the Party committee.Such a disciplinary measure against a member or alternate member of a local Party committee is subject to approval by the higher Party committee.A member or alternate member of the Central Committee who has seriously violated the criminal law shall be expelled from the Party on decision by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee;a member or alternate member of a local Party committee who has seriously violated the criminal law shall be expelled from the Party on decision by the standing committee of the Party committee at the corresponding level.Article 41.When a Party organization is deciding on a disciplinary measure against a Party member, it should investigate and verify the facts in an objective way.The Party member in question must be informed of a decision regarding any disciplinary measure to be taken and of the facts on which it is based.The person concerned must be given a chance to account for himself or herself and speak in his or her own defense.If the member does not accept the decision, he or she can appeal, and the Party organization concerned must promptly deal with or forward his or her appeal, and must not withhold or suppress it.Those who cling to erroneous views and unjustifiable demands shall be educated by criticism.Article 42.If a Party organization fails to uphold Party discipline, it must be investigated.In case a Party organization seriously violates Party discipline and is unable to rectify the mistake on its own, the next higher Party committee should, after verifying the facts and considering the seriousness of the case, decide on the reorganization or dissolution of the organization, report the decision to the Party committee at the next higher level for examination and approval, and then formally announce and carry
out the decision.Chapter VIII
Party Organs for Discipline Inspection
Article 43.The Party’s Central Commission for Discipline Inspection functions under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party.The Party’s local commissions for discipline inspection at all levels and primary commissions for discipline inspection function under the dual leadership of the Party committees at the corresponding levels and the next higher commissions for discipline inspection.The Party’s commissions for discipline inspection at all levels serve a term of the same duration as the Party committees at the corresponding levels.The Party’s Central Commission for Discipline Inspection elects, in plenary session, its standing committee, secretary and deputy secretaries and reports the results to the Central Committee for approval.Local commissions for discipline inspection at all levels elect, at their plenary sessions, their respective standing committees, secretaries and deputy secretaries.The results of the elections are subject to endorsement by the Party committees at the corresponding levels and should be reported to the next higher Party committees for approval.The question of whether a primary Party committee should set up a commission for discipline inspection or simply appoint a discipline inspection commissioner shall be determined by the next higher Party organization in light of the specific circumstances.The committees of general Party branches and Party branches shall have discipline inspection
commissioners.The Party’s Central Commission for Discipline Inspection shall, when its work so requires, accredit discipline inspection groups or commissioners to Party or state organs at the central level.Leaders of the discipline inspection groups or discipline inspection commissioners may attend relevant meetings of the leading Party organizations in the said organs as non-voting participants.The leading Party organizations in the organs concerned must support their work.Article 44.The main tasks of the Party’s commissions for discipline inspection at all levels are as follows: to uphold the Constitution and other statutes of the Party, to check up on the implementation of the line, principles, policies and resolutions of the Party and to assist the respective Party committees in improving the Party’s style of work and in organizing and coordinating the work against corruption.The commissions for discipline inspection at all levels shall frequently provide education for Party members on their duty to observe Party discipline and adopt decisions for the upholding of Party discipline;they shall oversee Party members holding leading positions in exercising their power;they shall examine and deal with relatively important or complicated cases of violation of the Constitution or other statutes of the Party by Party organizations or Party members and decide on or rescind disciplinary measures against Party members involved in such cases;they shall deal with complaints and appeals made by Party members;and they shall guarantee the rights of Party members.The commissions for discipline inspection at all levels shall report to the Party committees at the corresponding levels on the results of their handling of cases of special importance or complexity, as well as on the problems encountered.The local commissions for discipline inspection at all levels and primary commissions for discipline inspection shall also present such reports to the higher commissions.If a commission for discipline inspection at any level discovers any violation of Party discipline by a member of the Party committee at the corresponding level, it may take the initial step of verifying the facts and, if it is necessary to put a case on file, it should report to the Party committee at the corresponding level for approval, and if a member of the standing committee of the Party committee is involved, it should first report to the Party committee at the corresponding level and then to the commission for discipline inspection at the next higher level for approval.Article 45.Higher commissions for discipline inspection have the power to examine the work of the lower commissions and to approve or modify their decisions on any case.If decisions so modified have already been ratified by the Party committee at the corresponding level, the modification must be approved by the next higher Party committee.If a local commission for discipline inspection or a primary commission for discipline inspection does not agree with a decision made by the Party committee at the corresponding level in dealing with a case, it may demand the commission at the next higher level reexamine the case;if a local or primary commission discovers cases of violation of Party discipline by the Party committee at the corresponding level or by its members, and if that Party committee fails to deal with them properly or at all, it has the right to appeal to the higher commission for assistance in dealing with such cases.Chapter IX
Leading Party Members’ Groups
Article 46.A leading Party members’ group may be formed in the leading body of a central or local state organ, people’s organization, economic or cultural institution or other non-Party unit.The group plays the role of the core of leadership.Its main tasks are: to see to it that the Party’s line, principles and policies are implemented, to discuss and decide on matters of major importance in its unit, to do well in cadre management, to rally the non-Party cadres and the masses in fulfilling the tasks assigned by the Party and the state and to guide the work of the Party organization of the unit and those directly under it.Article 47.The composition of a leading Party members’ group is decided by the Party organization that approves its establishment.The group shall have a secretary and, if necessary, deputy secretaries.A leading Party members’ group must accept the leadership of the Party organization that approves its establishment.Article 48.Party committees may be set up in state organs which exercise centralized leadership over their subordinate units.The Central Committee of the Party shall provide the specific procedure for their establishment and define their functions, powers and tasks.Chapter X
Relationship Between the Party and the Communist Youth League of China
Article 49.The Communist Youth League of China is a mass organization of advanced young people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China;it is a school where a large number of young people learn about socialism with Chinese characteristics and about communism through practice;it is the Party’s assistant and reserve force.The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League functions under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party.The local chapters of the Communist Youth League are under the leadership of the Party committees at the corresponding levels and of the higher organizations of the League itself.Article 50.Party committees at all levels must strengthen their leadership over Communist Youth League organizations and pay attention to selecting and training League cadres.The Party must firmly support the Communist Youth League in the lively and creative performance of its work to suit the characteristics and needs of young people, and give full play to the League’s role as a shock force and as a bridge linking the Party with young people.Those secretaries of League committees at or below the county level or in enterprises and institutions who are Party members may attend meetings of Party committees at the corresponding levels and meetings of their standing committees
as non-voting participants.Chapter XI
Party Emblem and Flag
作为新世纪的大学生，我们肩负着实现全面建设小康社会和实现现代化的历史使命，加入中国共产党，可以说是当代大学生实现历史使命和人生追求的正确选择。那么，中国共产党究竟是一个什么样的政党？它的性质是什么？它的纲领是什么？党的基本路线是什么？这些是每个要求入党的大学生首先应该弄清楚的问题。
带着这些问题，我开始了《中国共产党党章》的学习。
党章总纲中的第一段话写到：“中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。党的最高理想和最终目标是实现共产主义。”这段话共两句，前一句话指的是党的性质，后一句说的是党的纲领。
一、中国共产党的性质
中国共产党从1921年诞生起，就是按照马克思列宁主义建党原则建立的完全新型的工人阶级政党。对此，十六大党章把党的性质概括为：“两个先锋队”、“一个领导核心”、“三个代表”。这个概括全面而深刻地揭示了中国共产党的本质属性，切合党的历史发展和现实状况，符合时代要求。它分别从党的阶级属性、党在社会主义事业中的地位和作用、党的宗旨等方面，阐述了党的性质。
（一）“两个先锋队”（即：中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队）
党的工人阶级先锋队的性质，是党的本质和生命。它决定了建设一个什么样的党的问题，它关系到党的指导思想、宗旨的确定和贯彻，关系到党的纲领、路线的制定和实现，关系到党的领导地位的确定和领导作用的发挥，也关系到党员基本条件的确定。坚持党的这种性质，对于坚持党的阶级性和先进性，坚持党的根本宗旨，坚持党在社会主义建设事业的领导地位和作用，尤其是对于共产党员在新时期加强党性锻炼，充分发挥先锋模范作用，都具有十分重要的意义。
中国共产党是中国工人阶级的政党，说的是它的阶级性。就是说它是以中国工人阶级为基础的，是为工人阶级的根本利益服务的。但是，它不是工人阶级的一般政治组织，而是工人阶级的先锋队，这是马克思主义建党学说的一个重要原则，也是中国共产党的先进性之所在。
首先，中国共产党是由工人阶级中的先进分子组成的。中国共产党是以中国工人阶级为基础的。大家知道，工人阶级与现代化大工业生产相联系，代表着先进生产力和生产关系。工人阶级的阶级地位和生产方式决定了它是革命最坚决彻底、最有组织纪律性和团结精神的阶级。而我们的党又是按照马克思主义建党学说，由工人阶级中具有共产主义觉悟的，对共产主义事业无限忠诚的，为工人阶级和各族人民的根本利益献身的先进分子所组成的，不是说工人阶级的任何一个成员都可以成为党员。所以说它是工人阶级的先锋队。
其次，中国共产党是以无产阶级先进理论武装起来的。这个先进理论就是马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观。中国共产党在长期的革命实践中，始终坚持马克思列宁主义为行动指南，并创造性地把马克思列宁主义的普遍真理同中国革命的具体实践相结合，形成了适合中国国情的科学理论——毛泽东思想；在改革开放的历史时期，我们党又创造性地发展了毛泽东思想，形成了当代中国的马克思主义——邓小平理论；在开创建设有中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中，对马列主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论又作了继承和发展，形成了“三个代表”重要思想。十六大以来，党中央坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，根据新的发展要求，集中全党智慧，提出了以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的科学发展观。科学发展观，是同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想既一脉相承又与时俱进的科学理论，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针，是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想。实践证明，邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观是指导中国人民在改革开放中实现社会主义现代化的唯一正确理论，因此，党的十七大把马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观作为一脉相承的理论体系写入党章，作为自己的行动指南，坚持用先进理论武装全体党员，不仅要求党员在组织上入党，而且要求党员首先在思想上入党，充分体现了党的先进性。
第三，中国共产党是按照民主集中制原则建立起来的。中国共产党不是党员的简单相加，而是根据自己的纲领和章程，按照民主集中制原则组织起来的统一整体。民主集中制是党的根本组织原则和组织制度，也是党的根本的领导制度和工作制度。它是全党必须遵守的组织纪律。它能够保证全党在政治上、思想上的高度一致，使党具有坚强的战斗力，在自己的活动中保持高度的组织性和纪律性；能够从制度上保证党的决策的科学化、民主化，充分调动党的各级组织和全体党员的积极性和创造精神，有效地发挥党在革命和建设事业中的领导作用。
上面说的是中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队。
那么，如何理解中国共产党同时是中国人民和中华民族先锋队呢？
中国共产党是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是党的十六大对党的性质的新概括。它深刻提示了我们党的先进性与人民性、民族性相统一的本质，对于不断增强党的阶级基础和扩大党的群众基础，不断提高党的社会影响力，有着重要的理论意义和实践意义。实际上，中国共产党自成立以来，就一直注意阶级基础和群众基础的结合问题，党的大门是向所有中国人民和中华民族的先进分子敞开的。所以，我们党的党员既有来自工人阶级和其他劳动阶级中的先进分子，又有来自非劳动者阶层的先进分子，它集合了社会各阶层的先进分子，只不过是以工人阶级为基础的。党的十六大根据我国改革开放以来社会阶层构成发生的新变化，以及他们为国家所做的贡献，把能否自觉地为实现党的路线和纲领而奋斗，是否符合党员条件，作为吸收新党员的主要条件。正是因为党把这种先进性和群众性结合起来，代表最广大人民的根本利益党才能把全体人民团结、动员和组织起来，才能当之无愧地成为中国革命、建设和改革的领导核心，成为深受中国人民热爱和拥护执政党。正是从这个意义上说，我们党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队。
（二）“一个领导核心”（即中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心）
“中国共产党是中国社会主义事业的领导核心”，是从党在社会主义建设事业中的地位和作用方面概括了中国共产党的性质。回顾党的历史，可以看到，我们党成为中国社会主义事业的领导核心，不是偶然的，也不是自封的，而是在长期的革命和建设的实践中形成的，是由党的阶级性和先进性决定的，是中国历史的选择，是中国人民的选择。
中国共产党成立之后，领导全国人民为新民主主义而斗争，经历了国共合作的北伐战争、土地革命战争、抗日战争和全国解放战争，其间经受了严重的挫折和考验，但最终取得了民主革命的彻底胜利，建立了人民当家作主的中华人民共和国。历史证明：没有共产党，就没有新中国，这是历史检验了的真理。新中国成立后，我们党成为执政党。党领导全国人民实现了从新民主主义革命到社会主义革命和建设的转变，迅速恢复了国民经济并开展了有计划的经济建设，胜利地完成了对生产资料私有制的社会主义改造，奠定了工业化的基础。之后，我们党又经过多年的探索和努力，取得了社会主义建设的一个又一个胜利，当然也遭受过严重挫折，特别是像“文化大革命”这样的失误。党的十一届三中全会恢复了实事求是、解放思想的思想路线，提出了全党工作重点向以经济建设为中心的转移。改革开放30多年来，我国的经济建设取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就，找到并确立了建设中国特色社会主义道路。历史雄辩地证明：中国共产党是有能力领导中国人民掌握自己的命运，实现国家繁荣昌盛的核心力量。
（三）“三个代表”（即中国共产党代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益）
党的性质、宗旨和奋斗目标，归结起来就是“三个代表”。“三个代表”重要思想是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的继承和发展，是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶，是对党的性质宗旨的新概括。一方面，“三个代表”重要思想突出体现了工人阶级政党的阶级性和群众性。工人阶级是人类历史上最先进、最革命的阶级，是先进生产力代表者，是推动现代生产力发展的决定力量；工人阶级在社会化大生产的过程中，锻造出高度的组织纪律性和团结合作、相互帮助的思想道德品质，体现了先进的世界观和思想意识，代表着人类社会进步的思想道德和科学文化；这一特性决定了工人阶级是最先进的阶级、最有前途的阶级，能够团结广大群众，代表广大群众利益，为实现工人阶级的历史使命而共同奋斗。另一方面，“三个代表”重要思想完整地体现了党的先进性。党的先进性主要体现在能否解放和发展生产力，能否代表和维护广大人民群众的根本利益，能否成为领导全国人民进行中国特色社会主义事业的坚强核心。
通过学习党章，使我对党组织充满了向往，我决心向着成为一名光荣共产党员的目标不断奋斗，为此，在今后的学习和工作中做到以下三点：
1、思想方面
我通过努力学习，将无产阶级的世界观、人生观、价值观内化为个人的思想意识，以增强自己的党性，保证自己的思想行为与党的要求一致，端正自己的入党动机。我坚持正确的政治方向，坚持崇高的理想信念，坚持马克思主义的指导，牢固树立党的宗旨，培养良好的作风，严格遵守党的纪律，培养高尚的道德情操。通过深入学习“xxxx”、科学发展观等党的重要理论，将党关于如何治党、如何治国的思考融入到日常的学习和工作中，加强了理论实践。
2、工作方面
作为一名中国共 产 党的预备党员，我时刻都严格要求自己，努力工作，不等不靠，在工作中严格以共 产 党员的标准来要求自己，牢记入党誓词，牢记党对我的培养和教育，吃苦在前，享受在后，脚踏实地任劳任怨的工作。在教学工作中兢兢业业，注重因材施教，不断总结教学经验，学习好的教学方法，提高执教水平。同时，认真学习数学教学理论，自学有关计算机软、硬件方面的知识，进一步完善自身的知识结构。在学习的过程中，我注意及时与其他同事进行交流，相互促进，共同进步。
3、生活方面
在日常工作和生活中，我一直以一个党员的标准要求自己，主动帮助其他同志干一些力所能及的事，我还注意积极团结同事，热心助人，发挥党员的模范带头作用，遵守国家法律法规，遵守社会公德，遵守单位的规章制度，按时出勤做到不迟到，不早退，树立良好的职业道德观念，做到干一行爱一行，扎扎实实工作，时刻保持积极进取的良好心态。
关键词：新版SNA,GDP,核算体系
前些年, 我国粗放增长模式带来GDP大跃进, 对GDP的疑点和水分问题的争论一直是民众和媒体关注的热点和焦点。为此, GDP统计改革呼声一直很高。当前, 我国国内生产总值 (GDP) 是按照《中国国民经济核算体系 (2002) 》 (CSNA) 的要求进行核算的, 该体系采纳了联合国1993年《国民经济核算体系》 (SNA) 的基本核算原则、内容和方法。国家统计局正在对2008年SNA进行研究, 将逐步按照2008年SNA的要求对我国GDP核算制度方法进行修订, 但是何时能采用目前还没有时间表。
一、中国核算GDP的过程和存在的问题
GDP是一个国家 (或地区) 所有常住单位在一定时期内生产活动的最终成果, 是国民经济核算的核心指标, 也是衡量一个国家或地区经济状况和发展水平的重要指标。GDP核算有三种方法, 即生产法、收入法和支出法, 三种方法从不同的角度反映国民经济生产活动成果。生产法是从生产的角度衡量常住单位在核算期内新创造价值的一种方法, 即从国民经济各个部门在核算期内生产的总产品价值中, 扣除生产过程中投入的中间产品价值, 得到增加值。核算公式为:增加值=总产出-中间投入。收入法是从生产过程创造收入的角度, 根据生产要素在生产过程中应得的收入份额反映最终成果的一种核算方法。按照这种核算方法, 增加值由劳动者报酬、生产税净额、固定资产折旧和营业盈余四部分相加得到。支出法是从最终使用的角度衡量核算期内产品和服务的最终去向, 包括最终消费支出、资本形成总额和货物与服务净出口三个部分。
核算范围包括生产范围和地域范围两块。GDP核算的生产范围包括以下三个部分:第一, 生产者提供或准备提供给其他单位的货物和服务的生产;第二, 生产者用于自身最终消费或资本形成的所有货物的自给性生产;第三, 自有住房拥有者为自己最终消费提供的自有住房服务, 以及付酬的自给性家庭服务生产。地域范围则是指GDP核算范围原则上包含了位于中国经济领土范围内具有经济利益中心的所有常住单位的经济活动。
中国脱胎于前苏联的计划经济体制, 在统计系统仍有计划经济传统色彩, 导致GDP数字体系的诸多疑点。
第一, GDP统计体系受条块分割的行政体系的制约和影响, 难免存在重复统计的问题。如央企的GDP, 往往中央和地方在某些环节上重复统计, 工业项目上也有重复统计之嫌, 导致GDP存在水分而缺乏真实性。
第二, GPD统计受地方政府GDP大跃进的冲动影响, 往往搞形象工程和形式主义, 多报GDP显露政绩。以2012年为例, 31个省区上报中央的GDP总数要比统计局披露的GDP数字多出了3万多亿元。为此, 习主席提出要弱化以GDP论英雄, 才能从根本上回归GDP的准确性和真实性。
第三, 受前苏联产业模式影响, 我国工业战线有重复统计的记录, 但第三产业即现代化服务业漏统的较多, 如旅游业、物流业、文化产业等生产性、生活性服务业, 业态分散, 隐形消费较多, 我国民营经济、私营经济和个体工商户, 这些新经济业态的产值统计上存有漏洞, 比如统称小额纳税人的中小微企业创造的产值, 现在是按照税收额反推出来的产值, 远远低于实际发生的产值约有30%左右。在统计系统反应不足, 存在统计遗漏点, 数字反应不全不实。下一步GDP统计改革要逐一解决上述问题。
二、提高数据准确性、覆盖性, 着力推进四大工程建设
当前中国更关注的是数据的准确性、覆盖性以及可应用性问题。当前国家统计局致力推进的重点工作是四大工程和城乡一体化住户调查。
统计“四大工程”是指, 基本单位名录库、企业一套表制度、数据采集处理软件系统和联网直报系统等互相联系、共为整体的四大工程。其中, 基本单位名录库是指, 建设真实完整、及时更新的基本单位名录库。企业一套表制度是指, 建立统一规范、方便填报的企业 (单位) 一套表制度。统一的数据采集处理软件系统是指, 建设功能完善、统一兼容的数据采集处理软件系统。联网直报系统是指, 建设安全畅通、便捷高效的联网直报系统。在信息化硬件设施、数据采集处理软件系统和原始数据库建设的基础上, 尽快实现调查对象和调查人员通过互联网直接向全国数据管理中心报送原始数据、各级统计机构在线共享的工作模式, 转变基层统计队伍工作重点, 从过去繁重的数据收集汇总、报表填报转向对原始数据的核查和企业基础统计工作的督导, 有效消除可能存在的中间环节对统计数据的干扰, 提高数据汇总效率和生产过程的透明度与可控性。
四大工程是一个有机整体, 基本单位名录库是基础, 企业一套表制度是核心, 统一的数据采集处理软件系统是平台, 联网直报系统是手段。简言之, 四大工程就是统一的基本单位名录库中的法定调查单位, 按照企业一套表制度规定的调查内容, 采用统一的数据采集处理软件, 将原始数据通过互联网直接报送全国统一的数据中心, 实现各级统计机构在线同步接收、审核和共享原始数据, 确保数据的真实准确、完整及时。
三、研究新版SNA推广可行性统计数据将更加完善
从2012年12月1日起, 全国40万户城乡居民按照国家统一的城乡一体化住户调查制度开始记收支账, 城乡一体化住户调查进入正式实施阶段。此前, 由于城镇和农村长期实行不同的住户调查制度, 有着不同的标准和口径, 我国居民收入数据一直是城乡分割的, 没有形成涵盖全国城乡全体居民的统一的收入数据。记者从国家统计局了解到, 城乡一体化住户调查实施后, 能够提供城乡全体居民统一的收入、支出和消费数据, 将为2020年城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番目标的实现提供扎实的数据依据。
在理论研究方面, 有相关人士对记者表示:“国家统计局局长马建堂已经要求统计局核算司等单位对新版的SNA计算方法进行在国内推广的可行性研究, 但是何时能采用目前还没有时间表。”此前国家统计局核算司负责人彭志龙接受新华社记者专访时也表示, 联合国等国际组织已经修订形成了国民经济核算新的国际标准, 即2008年SNA。国家统计局正在对2008年SNA进行研究, 将逐步按照2008年SNA的要求对我国GDP核算制度方法进行修订。
国家统计局在进一步改进和完善GDP数据发布方面的设想, 彭志龙表示, 首先, 提高核算GDP的基础数据质量。今后, 国家统计局将继续推进统计制度方法改革, 提高基础统计数据质量, 为GDP核算提供高质量的资料来源。其次, 进一步完善GDP核算方法。再次, 进一步丰富GDP数据发布内容。今后国家统计局将积极拓宽基础资料来源, 尽可能细化季度GDP数据特别是第三产业增加值数据。
中国标准书号是国际标准书号在中国的具体应用。它作为出版物的唯一标识码，在出版、发行和图书馆管理等各个环节，以及出版物贸易中都发挥了重要的作用。新版《中国标准书号》国家标准规定，中国标准书号的结构发生了技术变化，由10位升为13位，扩充了整个书号编码系统的理论容量，同时可以保证与国际物品编码体系的兼容；明确了中国标准书号与中国标准书号跳马是书号编码的两种识读形式，中国标准书号在出版物上应表示为机读条码；规定了中国标准书号分配和使用原则，其中特别强调出版单位应充分保证中国标准书号分配和使用的唯一性、永久性和专用性：将中国标准书号的使用范围由传统的纸质印刷类出版物扩展到电子出版物等非印刷出版物，特别是互联网出版物；增加了出版单位报送出版物元数据的要求，明确规定及时准确地提供出版物元数据是出版单位的责任之一；明确了国际ISBN中心、中国ISBN中心和初步按单位三级管理模式，以及中国ISBN系统内各级管理者的职责，强调作为终端使用者的出版单位应杜绝“一号多用”和“买卖书号”等现象的发生。
据新闻出版总署条码中心介绍，为了确保升位工作的顺利进行，条码中心已经组织了4期在全国范围内对出版社和发行单位的培训和学习，目前已经进展到第5期。他们还计划与文化部配合，展开对图书馆系统工作人员的培训。
中国标准书号是出版物的标识，每个中国标准书号对应唯一一种专题出版物，中国标准书号的唯一性时出版物信息准确、实用和出版流通、馆藏信息化建设的基础保证。新的13位国际标准书号和条码将以全新的形式为全世界的出版者和其所出版的出版物进行标识，为各种出版物的信息检索、查询和使用提供方便、快捷的服务。
相关链接1
新版《中国标准书号》国家标准的相关规定
1．使用10位中国标准书号、版本记录中出版日期为2007年1月1日以后的图书已进入印装流程的可继续进入图书市场。如重印、再版，须按照《关于实施新版(中国标准书号)国家标准的通知》规定执行。
2．根据我国实际情况，库存出版物(包括在售出版物)上市流通不必更换为13位中国标准书号及条码，但出口的出版物须更换为13位中国标准书号和条码。
3．中国ISBN中心按照国际ISBN中心的要求，建立“中国ISBN出版者数据库”和“出版物元数据数据库”，每年向国际ISBN中心报送相关数据。各出版单位应依照《中国标准书号》国家标准(GB/T 5795-2006)的规定及时向中国ISBN中心报送出版者数据和出版物元数据。
4．《中国标准书号》国家标准(GB/T 5795-2006)的规定，中国标准书号的使用范围已扩展到部分互联网出版物，有关使用规则另行制定。
5．《中国标准书号》国家标准(GB/T 5795-2006)规定的不适用中国标准书号的下列四类出版物，将继续使用“全国统一书号”。
(1)暂时性印刷材料；年画、年历画、挂历、台历、明信片等。
(2)无书名页和正文的美术印刷品及美术折页纸张。
(3)各级技术标准文献。
(4)活页乐谱。
6．新闻出版总署条码中心和中国ISBN中心是中国标准书号系统管理和出版物条码的制作、管理机构，也是《中国标准书号》国家标准(GB/T 5795-2006)的监督实施机构，同时负责该标准的解释工作。
相关链接2
13位ISBN的结构
10位数的ISBN由4部分组成，它分为组号、出版者号、书序号、校验号。比如：ISBN 7-5064-2595－5，“7”是组号，代表中国；“5064”是出版者号，代表出版社，由中国ISBN中心根据出版社预期出版规模的大小分配；“2595”是书序号，“5”是校验码。
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