情态动词高考知识点（精选8篇）
1、表示“必须”，多强调说话人的主观看法。
2、must和have to 的区别：
(1)must表示说话人的义务或说话人主观认为“必须，应当”做某事;have to表示由于某种外界原因而“必须，不得不”做某事。即must侧重说明主观看法，have to强调客观需要。
(2)must只有一种形式，可用于现在、过去或将来时，但have to有不同的形式，可用于不同的时态。
(3)在否定句中，don’t need to, don’t have to, needn’t表示没有义务;mustn’t表示禁止。
3、must的否定形式must not/ mustn’t 意为“不许，禁止”，表示绝对禁止。若表示“没必要，不必”，应使用needn’t或don’t have to。
注意：对must作否定回答时，不用mustn’t，用needn’t或don’t have to。
4、must 表示“偏偏”，指令人不快的事情。
情态动词主要用来表示说话人对某一动作或状态的情感、态度等, 没有人称和数的变化, 不能单独作谓语动词用, 必须和不带to的不定式一起 ( 除ought后接不定式外) 构成谓语动词。近年来高考对情态动词的考查立意坚持不偏不怪的原则, 但情景更加逼真, 设问角度更加综合化和细微化。从历届高考题来看, 对情态动词的考查主要集中在三个方面: 情态动词的基本用法; 情态动词对现在与将来推测性的用法; 情态动词 + have done的用法。
一、情态动词的非推测性用法
1. can, could 与 be able to
can / could与be able to表示“能力”, can指“体力、知识、技能”, 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时 ( could) , 而be able to可表示能力且可用于多种时态, be able to可以与其它情态动词连用, 而can不可以。表示过去一次性的或经过一番努力成功地完成某一具体动作, 只能用was/were able to, 不能用could, was/ wereable to相当于“managed to do sth”; 在否定结构中, 二者可以互换。could只能表示过去一般性的能力, 不能用could表达过去某种具体的能力 ( 即在过去某一特定场合做某事的能力) ; 而can只表示客观情况。
【典例1】过了好几分钟, 我才理解他说的是什么。 ( 完成句子)
It was several minutes before I_______take in what he was saying. ( 2014年湖北卷)
答案: could。此句是由before引导的时间状语从句, 主句用一般过去式, 为了保持主从句时态一致, 所以从句用could表示“能力”, 意为“能, 能够”。
2. must 与 have to
must与have to都可表示“必须”的意思, 但must表示说话人的主观看法, 意为“必须, 一定”, 其否定形式mustn't, 意为“禁止, 不准”, 语气比较强烈; have to则侧重于表示客观情况, 其否定式和疑问式要借助于助动词do, 表示“不必”, 语气较弱。have to有人称和时态的变化, 而must没有, 在意义上must的否定回答应用needn't。此外, must还可表示“偏要, 非要”, 表达对某事的不满或责备等情绪。
【典例2】你偏要现在打扰我吗? 难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗? ( 完成句子)
________you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone?
答案: Must。根据句意, 表示“偏要, 非要”应用“must”。
【典例3】The new law states that people__________drive after drinking alcohol. ( 完成句子)
答案: mustn't。句意是: 新法律规定人们不能酒后驾车。根据句意, 表示“禁止, 不准”, 语气最为强烈, 所以用mustn't。
【典例4】—Is it good to look up every newword when I come across it in reading?
—No. You_________, because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context. ( 完成句子)
答案: needn't/ don't have to。句意是: ———阅读时查我所遇到的每一个生词好吗? ———不, 你没有必要, 因为你可能通过上下文来猜测词义。根据句意, 表示“没有必要”, 所以用“needn't/ don't have to”。
3. shall 与 will
用于一般疑问句, 表示征询对方意见或请求指示时, shall用于第一和第三人称, will常用于第二人称。shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句, 表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁、决心以及法律条文中的规定或要求等。will表示“意志, 愿望和决心”, 可用于各种人称的陈述句, 也可用于条件状语从句; will还可表示一种习惯性的动作或倾向性, 意为“总是, 会要”。此外, will还表示一时的动作或临时的行为。
【典例5】One of our rules is that every student_________wear school uniform whileschool. ( 完成句子)
答案: shall。句意是: 我们其中有一条规章制度是: 在学校里每个学生都必须穿校服。根据句意与词法, shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句, 可以表示法律条文中的要求或规定。
【典例6】—________you go shopping withme tomorrow?
—I'd love to. ( 完成句子)
答案: Will。根据句意, will用于第二人称的疑问句, 用来征求对方意见; 而shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句, 用来征求对方意见。
4. should 与 ought to
should表示主观上有责任, 有义务做某事或处于某种状态; 而ought to通常指客观上有责任、有义务或出于道义、法律条文的约束而应该做某事或处于某种状态, 表示合适性或可能性, 语气较强。should与ought to都可表示“应该, 应当”, 用于表示劝告或建议的目的, 但语气不及ought to强。should还可表示惊讶语气, 意为“居然, 竟然”。ought to的否定式为: oughtnot to或oughtn't to。
【典例7】It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _________bring me food. ( 完成句子)
答案: should。句意是: 使我感到难过的是他们自己这么贫困, 竟然还给 我带来食 物。should用来表示一种惊奇的心情, 意为“居然, 竟然”。
【典例8】One ought to not be punished for what one hasn't done. ( 单句改错)
答案: 把not放在to之前。ought to的否定形式是: ought not to或oughtn't to。
5. used to 与 would
“used to + 动词原形”主要表示与现在时间相比, 意为“过去常常”, 表示过去习惯性的动作或行为状态, 强调现在已不复存在, 可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。would主要表示与过去一段时间相比, 意为“总会, 总是”, 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 且感情色彩较浓。此外, would还可表示过去时间的“意志、意愿、决心”; 在疑问句中用于第二人称, 表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿时, 比用will的语气更加婉转。
【典例9】我还记得快乐的童年, 那时妈妈总会在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。 ( 完成句子)
I still remember my happy childhood when my mother__________take me to Disneyland atweekends.
答案: would。would表示“总会, 总是”, 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 且感情色彩较浓。
【典例10】我过去常常在业余时间打篮球, 但现在我对足球感兴趣了。 ( 完成句子)
I__________play basketball a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.
答案: used to。表示过去习惯性的动作或行为状态, 强调现在已不复存在, 根据题意可知用used to。
6. need
need用作情态动词, 常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。need作实义动词时, 当主语是后接动词动作的承受者时, 后接的动词应用doing或to be done。needn't = don't have to意为“不必”。
【典例11】I've ordered some pizza, so we_________worry about cooking when we get hometired. ( 完成句子)
答案: needn't/ don't have to。句意为: 我已经点了一些比萨饼, 所以我们不必担心累了回到家还要做饭。根据句意, 表示没有必要做某事, 实际也没有做, 所以用“needn't/ don't have to + 动词原形”。
7. 掌握表示征求意见情态动词在含义与人称上的特殊要求, 见下表:
【典例12】我可以和你谈谈吗? 不会花很多时间的。 ( 完成句子)
______I have a word with you? It won't take long.
答案: Can / Could / may / might。根据句意, 表示“请求对方允许”, 可用can / could或may /might, 但用might或could语气更加委婉。
8. 情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答语
1 Can you...? Yes, I can. No, I can't.
2 Could you...? Yes, I can. No, I can't.
3 May I...? Yes, you may / can. ( Yes, please. Certainly. ) No, you mustn't / can't / had better not . ( No, please not. )
4 Must I ...? Yes, you must. No, needn't /don't have to.
5 Need I ...? Yes, you must. No, you needn't.
【解题技巧】解答情态动词试题时, 我们应仔细分析题干, 设身处地理解题干的情景, 准确理解说话人的语气、情感以及不同情态动词的基本用法, 是解题的关键。
二、情态动词的推测性用法
must, may, might, can, could与should都可表示对现在和未来的推测。must所表示的可能性最大、最有把握, 意为“一定”; 其否定式mustn't表示“禁止, 不准”, 不表示推测。may和might表示推测只能用于肯定句或否定句, 意为“也许”, 表示“一半”的可能性; might相对于may来说, 表示的可能性更小些。can和could表示推测主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 表示“不可能”要用can't或couldn't。should用来表示推测, 意为“按理会, 预期会”, 往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据合理的推断, 且所期待的事几乎是事实。
【典例13】不可能有人比他更慷慨; 他有一颗善良的心。 ( 完成句子)
No one_________be more generous; he hasa heart of gold. ( 2013年天津卷)
答案: can / could。根据句中“he has a heart of gold”可知有一定的事实依据, 在否定句中表示可能性, 可用can或could。
【典例14】有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。 ( 完成句子)
Sometimes_________to use examples to explain abstract concepts . ( helpful) ( 2014年湖北卷)
答案: it might/may be helpful。根据句意, may和might表示推测只能用于肯定句或否定句, 意为“也许”, 表示“一半”的可能性。
【注意】can用于肯定句, 表示可能性时, 指理论上的可能, 表示“一时的特征”, 可译为“有时有可能”。
【典例15】尽管你能在伦敦买到便宜货, 但是伦敦通常不是购物便宜的地方。 ( 完成句子)
Although you_____find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop. ( 2014年全国大纲卷)
答案: can。根据句意, 本题can表示可能性时, 用于肯定句, 指理论上的可能, 可译为“有时有可能”。
【解题技巧】情态动词表示对现在或将来情况的猜测时, 首先要清楚被猜测的时间是现在或将来, 其次要看有无事实根据。若有事实根据, 则无论是肯定还是否定的猜测, 猜测语气最强且符合时间要求的为最佳答案;若无事实根据, 纯凭主观臆断, 则猜测语气最弱且符合时间要求的为最佳答案。同时应掌握以下几点:
1在肯定句中表示“可能”, must语气最肯定; may表示事实上的可能性, 与may相比, might表示的可能性更小; can用于肯定句, 表示可能性时, 指理论上的可能。
2在否定句中只能用can和may。表示“不可能”用can't, 在否定句中语气强烈; may not与might not表示“可能不”, 表示“一半”的概念。
3should可以用来表示一种估计的情况, 意为“按理会, 预期会”。
三、“情态动词 + have done”的用法
( 一) 表示对过去情况的推测
1.“must have + 过去分词”只用于肯定句, 表示“过去一定做过某事”, 表示一种最有把握的推测。
【典例16】亨利感觉不舒服, 在昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得太多。 ( 完成句子)
Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He_________at the party last night. ( drink) ( 2013年辽宁卷)
答案: must have drunk too much。对过去发生事情的肯定推测, 有一定的事实依据, 表示“过去一定 做过某事”, 应用“must + have done”。
2.“can't / couldn't have + 过去分词”是对过去发生情况的否定推测, 表示“过去不可能已做了某事”; 疑问句表示“可能/也许已做了某事吗?”。注意: “can / could have + 过去分词”用于疑问句表示对过去情况的猜测, 意为“可能/也许已做了某事”。
【典例17】我的那本名叫“黑尔斯的家”的书不见了, 谁可能把它拿走了呢? ( 完成句子)
My book, The House of Hades, is missing.Who ________taken it? ( 2014年陕西卷)
答案: can / could have。根据句意, 用于疑问句对过去情况的猜测, 表示可能性, 所以用“can / could have + 过去分词”。
【典例18】你的眼睛为什么那么红? 昨晚不可能睡得很好。 ( 完成句子)
Why are your eyes so red? You_________have slept well last night. ( 2013年四川卷)
答案: can't/ couldn't。根据句意, 对过去情况的否定推测, 表示“过去不可能做了 某事”, 应用“can't/ couldn't have + 过去分词”。
3.“may / might have + 过去分词”是对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测, 表示“可能/大概已做了某事”, 否定句表示“可能还没有……”。
【典例19】陆老师没来上课, 我猜可能出什么事了。 ( 完成句子)
Mr. Lu hasn't shown up in class yet. I guess something__________. ( come up)
答案: might/ may have come up。根据句意, 表示过去 可能做过 某事, 所以用“may /might have + 过去分词”, 语气比较婉转或不肯定。
( 二) 表示虚拟语气
1.“should / ought to have + 过去分词”表示过去本应该做而 ( 实际) 没有做的事情, 含有责备或遗憾的语气, 其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have + 过去分词”, 其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
【典例20】你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事, 你本可以会后告诉我。 ( 完成句子)
You_____the meeting to tell me that;you could have come to tell me afterwards ( interrupt)
答案: shouldn't have interrupted / oughtn't to have interrupted。根据句意, 表示过去本来不应该做某事, 而实际却做了, 所以用“shouldn't/oughtn't to have + 过去分词”。
2.“needn't have + 过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。
【典例21】既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭了, 我们本来不必买这么多食物。 ( 完成句子)
We_________have bought so much food nowthat Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
答案: needn't。根据句意, 表示“过去没有必要做某事而实际上做了”, 所以用“needn't have + 过去分词”。
3.“can / could have + 过去分词”表示“过去本来可以做某事而实际上没有做”。
【典例22】我们本来能够一起面对这个困难, 但是为什么你不告诉我呢? ( 完成句子)
We________the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?
答案: could have faced。根据句意, 第一个分句表示与过去的事实相反, 表示“过去本来能够做某事而实际上没有做”, 所以用“can /could have + 过去分词”。
4.“would have + 过去分词”这一结构常用于虚拟语气中, 表示与过去事实相反的情况, 即“过去本来会干某事而实际上没有做到”。
【典例23】大多数人认为, 要不是受了重伤而告别足球, 上周他本 会为英格 兰踢球的。 ( 完成句子)
Most believe he______for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football. ( play) ( 2013年湖北卷)
答案: would have played。此句考查含蓄条件的虚拟语气, but for相当于without。根据句意, 与过去事实相反, 所以用“would have + 过去分词”表示过去本来会干某事而实际上没有做到。
【解题技巧】如果句中时间参照物是表示过去的时间, 无论表示猜测, 还是表示虚拟语气, 都应用“情态动词 + have done”。同时, 同学们应掌握“情态动词完成时”的不同形式与含义。
四、强化训练
( 一) 根据句意与语境, 用情态动词填空
1. S1: Look! Somebody is coming. Who 1_______it be?
S2: It 2______be our English teacher, Mr. Zhang.
S3: No, it 3________be him. He has gone to Shanghai.
S4: Oh, I've got it. It 4_________be Mr.Hu. They look like twins.
2. We_______have hurried all the way to the airport—the flight was called off because of the foggy weather.
3. The sign over there says that no person_______bring drinks into the student computer room.
4. —Where did you get this book?
—I picked it up from a second-hand bookshop if you__________know.
5. I__________thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home
6. —Is Nick coming by train?
—He should, but he_________not. He likes driving his car.
7. For environmental reasons, we, ________as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
8. Looking people in the eye_______sometimes make them nervous and embarrassed.
9. His failure in the exam suggested that he___________ ( follow) the teacher's instructions.
10. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they____________.
11. It__________be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
12. —I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He_______not come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
13. —Must I return the book to Tom now?
—No, You_________.
14.___________you please help me with my English?
15. —Call me when you get home.
—Yes, I___________ .
16.__________you mind my opening the window?
( 二) 单句改错
1. I know Mr. Wang well. He would live here, but he moved away last year.
2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone could get out.
3. —Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you could.
4. Last summer you must have visited the British Museum during your stay in London, mustn't you?
5. Look at the heavy clouds in the sky. May it be rainy tomorrow?
6. —Will you take up teaching as a career after graduation?
—Hard to say. I must go abroad for higher education instead, but it depends.
7. —These grapes look really beautiful.
—They can! See the price $ 3. 99 a pound.Very expensive, aren't they!
8. —A girl is asking to see you. Will she come in or stay outside, waiting?
—Let her in.
9. —She looks rather upset. She can have failed the exam.
—I guess so. It's very difficult after all.
10. —May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No, you mayn't. You read it in here.
11. The door is locked so he mustn't be in the classroom.
12. I played basket yesterday afternoon. I might leave my i-phone on the playground.
13. Catherine is already two hours late. What may have happened to her?
14. Harry must have watched that football match, mustn't he?
15. —Need I hand in my exercise book at once?
—Yes, you need.
( 三) 根据句意, 完成下列句子
1. 万一明天下雨, 我们将不得不推迟游览黄山。
___________it rain tomorrow, We would have to put off the visit to the Yellow Mountain.
2. ———玛丽昨晚开车撞到一棵树上, 但她没事。———她是幸运的, 她本来可能会严重受伤。
—Mary knocked into a tree last night while driving, but she is all right.
—She is lucky. She________herself badly. ( injure)
3. 玛丽本来会按时到达机场, 她却因为送一个老人去医院而错过了最后一班公交车。
Marry________at the airport on time butshe missed the last bus because of taking an oldman to hospital. ( arrive)
4. 我一定减肥了。瞧, 我的裤子多么宽松!
I________some weight. Look, how loose my pants are! ( lose)
5. 这封信不可能是她本人写的, 因为她一字不识。
She__________the letter herself because she doesn't even know one word.
6. 昨晚汤姆本应该在家做作业, 但是他去看电影了。
Tom_______his homework at home last night, but he went to the cinema.
7. 你非常了解这个故事, 你以前可能看过。
You know the story very well. You________it before. ( read)
8. 最后期限快到了, 但是我没能再次挑战这个任务。要我哥哥试一试吗?
The deadline is drawing, but I failed to challenge the task a third time.__________my brother have a try?
9. 现在的一些年轻人就是不愿意走出网吧, 到现实世界中来。
Some young people these days just________go out of the Internet bars into the real world.
10. 他有那么多钱, 竟然为像 5 分钱一样的小事而烦恼!
With all his money, he________worry about a little thing like 5 cents!
11. ———谁又再 次 做 了? ———还 需 问 吗?当然是小汤姆。
—Who has done that again?
— __________you ask? Little Tom, of course!
12. We were looking for you all this morning.You __________office without a word. ( leave)
13. 我们已经有了一个良好的开端, 但接下来为了取得最后的成功, 仍需要做更多的工作。
We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____________to achieve the final success. ( do)
14. 那个小女孩晚上不敢独自外出, 所以那晚她不敢在黑暗中行走。
The little girl is afraid to go out alone at night, so she___________walk in the dark thatnight.
15. 如果你不照我所说的做, 你就得不到晋升的机会, 因为竞争太激烈了。
If you won't do as I tell you, you__________get the chance to be promoted because the competition is just too fierce.
答案与解析:
( 一) 1. 1can /could。在疑问句中表示可能性用can /could。2may / might。在肯定句中表示可能性用may / might。3can't/ couldn't。表示“不可能”用can't/ couldn't。4must。根据句中“They look like twins. ”可知, 有很大的可能性, 用于肯定句, 所以用must。
2. needn't。根据句意可知, 因为大雾天气航班被取消了, 因此我们本不必一路匆忙赶往机场, 表示“过去本不必做某事而实际上做了”, 应用“needn't have + 过去分词”。
3. shall。shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句表示法律条文的要求或规定。
4. must。句意是: ———你在哪儿买到这本书的? ———如果你非要知道的话, 我是从一家二手书店里获得的。根据句意, must在本句中意为“偏要, 非要”, If you must表示无可奈何地同意某人干某事。
5. can't。句意是: 在我们离开家时, 对你给我儿子所提供的所有帮 助感激不 尽。表示“越······越好, 无论怎样也不为过”, 用固定结构“cannot / can't...too /over/ enough...”。
6. may / might。句意是: ———尼克乘火车来吗? ———他应该是乘火车的, 但也不一定。因为他喜欢开车。根据句意, 表示“一半”的可能性, 所以用“may / might not”, 意为“可能不”。
7. might / may。根据语 意, may / might aswell意为“还是······为好”。
8. can。句意为: 注视着别人有时能够让他们感到紧张和尴尬。根据句意以及句中时间状语sometimes可知, can用于肯定句, 指理论上的可能, 表示“一时的特征”。
9. can't / couldn't have followed。句意是: 他这次考试失败, 表明他不可能听从了老师的教导。根据句意, 对过去发生情况的否定推测, 有很大的事实依据, 表示“过去不可能已做了某事”, 所以用“can't/couldn't have + 过去分词”。
10. can。句意是: 警方还没有找到那个失踪的孩子, 但他们正在尽力寻找。根据句意, 表示有能力做某事, 应用can, 构成固定结构“do all / everything one can to do sth”意为“尽力做某事。
11. can't / couldn't。根据句中“because you know a lot of words”可知, 有很大的事实依据, 对现在情况的推测, 所以用表达语气最强的情态动词, 表示“不可能”, 应用“can't/ couldn't”。
12. may / might。根据句中“he wasn't certain what his plans were”可知, 表示不确定性, 所以用“may / might not”, 意为“可能不”。
13. needn't / don't have to。问句“—Must I...?”的否定回 答语要用needn't或don't have to。
14. Will / Would。此句表 示征求对 方意见, 有“愿意”之意, 并且要用于第二人称, 应用will或would。
15. will。在回答对方的请求或命令时, 肯定回答用“Yes, I will. ”, 用will表示临时性决定。
16. Would。表示征求对方意见, 语气比较委婉, 所以应用委婉的表达 方式“would you mind...”来征求对方意见。
( 二) 1. 把would改为used to。根据句意, 王先生过去曾住在这儿, 去年搬走了, 现在不再住在这儿, 故用“used to”表示过去常常, 现在已不复存在; 而would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
2. 把could改为was able to。根据句意, 表示过去经过努力成功地完成某一具体动作, 只能用was/were able to, 而不能用could, 这时was / were able to相当于“managed to do sth”。
3. 把第二个could改为can。在疑问句中, 用could表示委婉的请求, 但在答语中用can表示语气更加强烈与肯定。
4. 把mustn't改为didn't。“must have done sth”用在表示对过去动作推测的句型中, 如果句中有表示过去的时间状语, 反意疑问句应用“didn't sb”, 而不能用“mustn't sb”。
5. 把May改为Can / Could。may表示推测只能用于肯定句或否定句, 不能用于疑问句; 而can / could用于否定句或疑问句可表示推测。
6. 把must改为may / might。根据句 中“but it depends”可知, 此句表示不确定性, 所以用may或might, 用于肯定句或否定句, 表示“一半”的可能性。
7. 把can改为should。句意是: ———这些葡萄真的很好。———它们应该很好! 只要看看价格, 每磅3. 99美元。很贵, 是吗? 根据句意, 有一定的客观根据或根据合理的推断, 且所期待的事几乎是事实, 所以用should来表示“推测”, 意为“按理会, 预期会”, 相当于“be expected to”。
8. 把Will改为Shall。will表示征询对方意见或请求指示时, 只用于第二人称; 而shall用于第一或第三人称的一般疑问句, 用来征询对方意见或请求指示。
9. 把can改为must。根据句中“She looks rather upset. ”可知, 表示一种很有把握的推测, 所以用“must have + 过去分词”, 意为“过去一定做过某事”; 而“can /could have + 过去分词”表示“过去本来可以做某事而实际上没有做”。
10. 把mayn't改为mustn't / can't。may表示“允许, 请求”时, 常用于疑问句, 在答语中, 其肯定回 答用may, 否定回答 用mustn't或can't。
11. 把mustn't改为can't。mustn't意为“禁止, 不准”, 不能表示推测; 表示否定的推测应用“can't”, 意为“不可能”。
12. 把might leave改为may / might have left。根据句中时间状语“yesterday afternoon”可知表示对过去情况的推测, 根据句意, 表示过去一种不太有把握的可能性, 所以用“may /might have + 过去分词”, 意为“可能 / 大概已做了某事”。
13. 把may改为can / could。根据句意, 表示对过去情况的猜测, 用于疑问句应用“can /could have + 过去分词”, 意为“可能 / 也许已做了某事”, 而“may /might have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测, 只能用于肯定句或否定句。
14. 把mustn't改为hasn't。“must have + 过去分词”表示对过去已发生动作的推测, 如果句中没有表示过去的时间状语, 反意疑问句应用“hasn't/ haven't sb”, 主语“Harry”是第三人称单数, 故用“hasn't he”。
15. 把第二个need改为must。问句“—Need I...?”的回答语要用must, 表示“必须”。
( 三) 1. Should。根据句意, should 可以用于较强语气的假设情形中, 表示“万一”。从句是省略if的虚拟条件句, 从句需用倒装。
2. can / could have injured。根据句意, 表示过去玛丽本来可能会严重受伤, 但实际上没有, 所以用“can /could have + 过去分词”, 意为“过去本来能够做某事而实际上没有做”。
3. would have arrived。根据句意可知, 表示“过去本来会干某事而实际上没有做到”, 所以用“would have + 过去分词”。
4. must have lost。根据句意可知, 我一定减肥了这一动作发生在过去, 用于肯定句, 表示“过去一定做过某事”, 是一种很有把握的推测, 所以用“must have + 过去分词”。
5. can't / couldn't have written。根据句意, 表示对过去发生的事很有把握的否定推测, 所以用“can't/couldn't have + 过去分词”, 意为“过去不可能已做了某事”。
6. should / ought to have done。根据句意, 表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做到, 含有责备或遗憾的语气, 所以用“should /ought to have + 过去分词”。
7. may / might have read。根据句意, 表示过去可能做过某事, 是对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测, 所以用“may /might have +过去分词”, 意为“可能/大概已做了某事”。
8. Shall。根据句意, shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句时, 表示说话人征询对方的意见或提出请求。
9. won't。根据句意, 表示意志或意愿, 所以用 will, 句意为否定, 故用 won't。
10. should。根据句意, 表示惊讶, 意为“竟然”, 所以用 should。
11. Need。need 意为“需要”, 用作情态动词, 仅用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中, 符合本句句意与语境。
12. oughtn't to / shouldn't have left。根据句意, 表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了, 所以用“should not/ought not to have + 过去分词”。
13. doing / to be done。句子的主语“morework”是动作承受者时, need在句中作行为动词, 所以need后接动词-ing形式或后接不定式的被动形式充当宾语。
14. dare not / daren't / dared not ( to) / didn't dare ( to) 。dare用作情态动词, 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 一般不用于肯定句中。dare作行为动词, 有时态、人称和数的变化, 在肯定句中, 通常dare后接带to的不定式;在否定句和疑问句中, dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式。根据句意, dare用作情态动词用于否定句, 所以此空 用dare not或缩写为daren't; dare用作实义动词用于否定句, dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式, 根据句中的时间状语“that night”可知, 此句还可用一般过去时, 所以此空还 可用dared not ( to) / didn't dare ( to) 。
15. shan't / shall not。根据句意, 表示说话人给对方的警告, 用于第二、三人称的陈述句, 所以用shall。
下面对在2007年全国各省市高考英语试卷中涉及情态动词的试题进行归纳盘点并加以分析，供同学们学习时参考。
一、2007年高考情态动词考查大盘点
通过对2007年高考情态动词盘点分析，我们发现高考对情态动词的考查侧重于以下几点：
1. 情态动词表推测和可能性的用法；
2. 情态动词 + have done的用法；
3. shall， should， can和must表示特定语气。
二、2007年高考情态动词真题大盘点
1. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
—It ______ be, but it is now heavily polluted. [2007 全国卷I]
A. willB. would
C. should D. must
解析：答案为C。 根据说话者的语气，North Lake本来应该很美丽的，但是现在已经被严重污染了。should表示根据客观情况所作的推断，意为“应该是”。情态动词是高考的一个热点，也是学生学习的难点，要做好此类题，关键要把握好说话人的语气和态度。
2. —Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
—Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it. [2007 上海卷]
A. mustB. should
C. must haveD. should have
解析：答案为C。此处“情态动词+ have”表示对现在造成的影响或结果，即“一定”是在广泛阅读和全心投入之后才有了A等论文的结果。must have表示对过去事情肯定的推测，句中的have got用的是现在完成时，为答案提供了线索。
3. The teacher ______ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose. [2007 安徽卷]
A. should B. can
C. would D. must
解析：答案为D。本题考查情态动词表示对过去动作的判断的用法，根据题中or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him可看出前半句表示对过去的肯定推测，must have done表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测。
4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ______ take care of your luggage. [2007 北京卷]
A. can B. may
C. mustD. will
解析：答案为C。 must表示“必须”，符合语境：在像机场和火车站这样拥挤的场所，你必须看管好自己的行李。此处表示主观上认为“必须”做某事。can表示“能力”，may表示“许可”，will表示“将来”或“意愿”。
5. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where
______ I have put it? [2007 福建卷]
A.canB.must
C.shouldD.would
解析：答案为A。上句说“我的MP4不在我袋子里”，下句应该是一种不太肯定的推测：“我会把它放在哪儿了呢？”因此用can表示一般可能性的推测，往往用于否定句或疑问句中。
6. The biggest problem for most plants, which ______ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. [2007 湖南卷]
A. shan’t B. can’t
C. needn’tD. mustn’t
解析：答案为B。考查的是情态动词的否定用法。“大多数植物在受到威胁时不能起立逃跑……”。shan’t不应该；can’t不能，不可能，指客观上的一种可能性；needn’t没有必要；mustn’t不允许。
7. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. [2007 江苏卷]
—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. shouldB. could
C. mustD. might
解析：答案为C。should have done表示本应该做而实际上并没有做；could have done表示本可以做某事；might have done表示也许做了某事，都不符合语意：她看起来很高兴，她一定通过了考试。
8. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You ______ it in the wrong place. [2007 江西卷]
A.must put B.should have put
C.might put D.might have put
解析：答案为D。考查情态动词表推测用法。should have done表示本应该做而实际上并没有做，有责备的意思；根据句意“你可能（昨天）放错了地方”可知，此处表示对过去情况的推测，且语气不肯定，因此，应用might have put 表示对过去可能性的推测。
9. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I ______ have driven her there. [2007 陕西卷]
A.couldB.must
C.nightD.should
解析：答案为D。后半句的意思是：但也许我本应该开车送她去那儿。用should构成should have done结构，意为：本应该。should have done表示“本应该做某事，而实际上未做”；用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。
10. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we ______ go to work tomorrow. [2007 上海春]
A．can’t B．mustn’t
C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
解析：答案为C。needn’t表示不必。
11. —What does the sign over there read?
—“No person ______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”[2007 四川卷]
A．willB．may
C．shallD.must
解析：答案为C。shall用于法律、法规、公文、公告中，表示必须遵守某事，此外shall可用于第一、二人称，表示征求对方意见，或用于二、三人称，表示警告、允许、强迫、威胁等；must意为必须、一定； may意为也许，表示推测；will 表示意愿或一种习惯倾向等。
12. —My cat’s really fat.
—You ______ have given her so much food. [2007 浙江卷]
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’tD. mustn’t
解析：答案为C。句意为：—我的猫太肥了。—你本不应该给它这么多的食物吃。表示不应该做的事情，却做了，因此用shouldn’t have done表示“本不应该做”，含有责备的意思。其他选项中，wouldn’t have done用在虚拟语气中；couldn’t have done表示本不能做某事；没有mustn’t have done的搭配。
13. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You ______ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. [2007 重庆卷]
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to
C. mustn’t D. can’t
解析：答案为A。句意为：—你认为我们能为年迈的父母做些什么？—只要和他们呆在一起就好，你不必做什么。don’t have to = needn’t不必。
14. —Turn off the TV, Jack.______ your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please. [2007 辽宁卷]
A. Should you be doing
B. Shouldn’t you be doing
C. Couldn’t you be doing
D. Will you be doing
解析：答案为B。用shouldn’t引导问句表示母亲建议他写作业的语气更强烈一些。
三、情态动词类题目解题思路大盘点
解答情态动词类的题目时，一定要细细领会情景特征，不要放过任何细节。只有这样，才能找到足够的有效信息，作出最佳选择。
情态动词
一.情态动词的现在完成式的用法
情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must/mustn‘t，;can/cann’t;need/needn‘t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn‘t;should/shouldn’t;
ougtht等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的
1.表示已经发生的情况。
1)must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“(昨天)一定……”。如：
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room， for the first man I met asked sympathetically：“ Are you feeling all right?”
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be
(答案为C)
2)can‘t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“(昨天)一定没……”。如：
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn‘t have received [B] ought to have received
[C] has received [D] shouldn‘t have received
(答案为A)
3)may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如：
At Florida Power‘s Crystal River plant， a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2.表示虚拟语气。
1) needn‘t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于“didn’t need to do”，译为“其实没必要……”。如：
You needn‘t have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party， we so formally.
[A] needn‘t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up [D] needn‘t have dressed up
(没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是说话者的建议，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定，答案为D)
2)should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。
3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的`完成式含义类似。如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock， which went up in smoke .
4)could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：
What you said is right， but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“(那样)也许会……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
二.几个情态动词常考的句型：
1).may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近;
Since the flight was cancelled， you might as well go by train.
既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train.
2) .cannot / can‘t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .
3) .usedn‘t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。
4).should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didn‘t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。
三.情态动词被动关系的主动表达法
1. want， require， worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2.need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
考点一、考查动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
例Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.
A. hired B. dismissed
C. refused D. employed
【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in ?economy可知，只有B项符合题意。
考点二、考查近义动词辨析
这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。
A. injured B damaged
C. harmed D. destroyed
【解析】 这四个动词都有伤害，损害之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中受伤damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看，答案为A。
考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配
英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.
A. bought B. come
C.
thrown D. appeared
【解析】 题意为由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开。揭露，将曝光是come to light，故答案为B。
考点四、考查同根动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
例How I wish that I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off
C. set in D. set up
【解析】分析题意为我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊。由题意可知，空缺处应该是表达;解释之意，而四个选项中只有set out有此意，故答案为A。
考点五、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
例When I was twenty, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family. A. drop out B. come out
C. leave out D. stay out
【解析】分析题意为在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。从题意可知，空缺处应该是辍学之意，四个选项中，只有A项的drop out有此意，故答案为A。
例Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. contribute to B. relate to
C. attend to D. devote to
【解析】分析题意为节日期间要当心!喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。由题意可知，空缺处应该是导致之意，四个选项中，只有A项contribute to有此意，故答案为A。
考点六、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。
例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.(合肥质检)
A. give out B. take in
C. show off D. carry on
【解析】分析题意为当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。由题意可知，空缺处应该是炫耀;展示之意，故答案为C。
【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1.(高二第一学期期末六校联考，英语，30)How lovely these children are!
Yeah.They______ memories of my childhood.
A. called out B. called for C. called up D. called on
【解析】call out出动, 向叫喊， call for 需要，要求， call up召集, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给， call on号召, 呼吁, 约请, 访问。此句意思是他们引起了我对童年的回忆。因此选C。
【答案】C
2. (2008度高二第一学期期末六校联考，英语，33)Many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their studies.
A. are addicted to; it B. get engaged in; which
C. are related to; what D. are addicted to; which
【解析】be addicted to 意思是对上瘾，符合题意。And 是一个并列连词，后面应该是并列句，而不是从句，因此排除B和D。be related to与有关，不符合题意，因此排除。
【答案】A
3.(山东省莒南一中200820高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评，英语，21)
After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane her job as a doctor
in the countryside.
A.set out B.took over C.took up D.set up
【解析】set out出发, 开始 take over接收, 接管take up从事 set up设立根据题意，应选C。
【答案】C
4. (江苏省扬州中学2008-20度高一第二学期3月月考，英语，34)Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
A. give away B. affect with C. suffer from D. deal with
【解析】give away分发, 放弃, 泄露， affect影响及物动词， suffer from遭受 ，deal with处理。从 we are sure to overcome all difficulties.这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害，因此应选C。
【答案】C
5. (重庆市十二校2OO9年高三第一次质量调研抽测试卷,英语，32) The shop assistant was fired as she was _________ of cheating customers.
A.accused B.charged C.blamed D.caught
【解析】be accused of 被控告 accused与of 搭配，符合题意。 be charged with被控告charge 和with 搭配。 blame 责备。
【答案】A
6.(河南省实验中学08-09学年下期高三第二次月考，24) Asked suddenly about the matter ,he couldnt an answer at once.
A. come up with B. look for C. put up with D. answer for
【解析】come up with得出答案 look for寻找 put up with提出 answer for负责根据题意，应该选A.
【答案】A
7.(吉林市普通中学20082009学年度高中毕业班下学期期中复习检测，英语，18)
My daughter is not sure what to_______ at the university; she cant make up her
mind about her future.
A. take up B. make up C. pick up D. build up
【解析】句意：我的女儿在大学里不知道学什么，对自己的未来他心里还没有底。take up开始学;开始从事。make up组成，构成;编造;pick up拾起;学到;获得;build up逐步建立;增强。
【答案】A
8.(杭州二中高三年级第五次月考，英语，6)His colleagues ______ him though he himself didnt think he had done anything special.
A. thought highly of B. looked up to
C. sing high praise of D. show great respect for
【解析】think highly of 固定搭配，译为对评价高符合题意。Show great respect 后应用介词to, C 说法错误，look up to 向上看，不合题意。
【答案】A
9.(大庆市高三年级第一次教学质量检测试题，英语。33)Hard work and lack of sleep have her beauty and youth in recent years.
A. worn out B.tried out C made out D.sent out
【解析】worn out耗尽，筋疲力尽; tried out试验, 考验, 提炼;make out书写, 填写, 拼凑, 进展, 说明, 设法应付, 理解, 辨认出; sent out发出。
【答案】A
10.(厦门市高中毕业班质量检查，英语，23)Its obvious that the Beijing Olympic Games a great seccess.
A.kept B.showed C proved D.remained
【解析】show sb sth 出示某物给某人看;keep保持;prove证明是;符合题意，remain仍然。
【答案】C
11. Before the war broke out, many people ______in safe places possessions they could not take with them.
A. throw away B.put away C.gave away D.carried away
【解析】 句意：战争爆发前，好多人把一些不能带走的东西存放在安全的地方。put away存储，存放;throw away扔掉;give away 泄露，赠送;carry away拿走。
【答案】B
12. The company is atarting a new advertising campaign to ______new custumers to its stores.
A.join B. attract C.stick D.transfer
【解析】 句意：为了把新的顾客吸引到店内，公司开始了一场新的广告战。Attract吸引;transfer 转让，转移。
【答案】B
13. Modern plastics can ______very high and very low temperatures.
A. stand B.seeking C.finding D.looking for
【解析】 句意：新型的塑料袋能够承受很高和很低的温度。stand承受，经受，经得起。hold支撑,carry 运载 support 支撑，养活。
【答案】A
14. It was already past midnight and only three young men ______in the house.
A.left B.remained C. delayed D. deserted
【解析】 句意：已过午夜，只有三个青年那字还在茶馆里。leave,离开，使保留;desert,抛弃，舍弃。A 项应用被动语态， C 和D不合句意。
【答案】B
15.In this seaside resort，you can __________all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.(山东)
A.enjoy
B.apply
C.receive
D.achieve
【答案】A。
【解析】这几个动词均可以作及物动词，但是意思、含义不一样。enjoy表示.享受之乐，欣赏，喜爱，apply表示运用，应用，专心，致力，receive表示领受，接到，收到，得到(信、命令、请帖等)，achieve表示完成，做到;获得(胜利等);达到(目的)，实现。根据句意只能选A。句意：在这个海滨娱乐场，你可以享受所有现代旅游的舒适与便利。
16.We ________the last bus and didnt have any money for taxi，so we had to walk home.(全国 Ⅰ)
A.reached
B.lost
C.missed
D.caught
【答案】C。
【解析】reach意为到，抵，到达(特定地点，目的地等)，lose意为丢失，丧失，miss意为没赶上(车子等)、错过，catch意为赶(得上)(火车等);追着，捕捉;逮着根据句意只能选C。
17(福建卷，33)The news of the mayors comong to our school for a visit was ______on the radio yesterday.
A. turned out B.found out C. given out D.carried out
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：新市长要求来我校参观的消息已于昨日通过广播公布了。A项意为结果是，制造生产 B项意为查清，弄明C项是分发，散发D项为履行，实施
18(20湖北卷，27)If we can ______our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. cone across B. get over C. come over D. get off
【答案】B
【解析】 句意： 如果我们能克服目前的困难，一切都会很顺利的。come across 偶遇;get over克服，越过;come over 过来，顺便来访;get off 下车，使动身。
19 (2007山东) Its the sort of work that__________a high level of concentration.
A. calls for B. makes up
C. lies in D. stands for
【答案】A
【解析】call for要求make up弥补，编造，组成lie in在于stand for代表。句意是正是这种工作要求精力高度集中。故正确答案为选项A。
20. (2007浙江)We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only__________violence.
A. runs into B.comes from
C. leads to D. begins with
【答案】C
【解析】run into撞上，陷入come from来自于lead to导致，引起begin with以开始。句意是我们坚信战争不会解决任何问题，它只会引起暴力。故正确答案为C。
21. The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her students nervousness when then speak English.
A. breaking down B. going over C. taking off D. giving away
【解析】A 句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。 Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 复习; take off脱下，起飞;give away分发，赠给，泄露(秘密)。
22. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.
A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on
【解析】A 句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。stand by 为不及物短语：to wait and be ready for action if needed 准备行动;待机;turn on 打开;get on进展;run down撞倒。根据句意，B 、C、D 三项均不符合。
23. You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?
A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered
【解析】D句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢?offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出价六万英镑买这所房子。 Charge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价(offer)而后才能药费(spend)或支付(pay)帮A、B两项不合常理。
24. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.
A. switched; on B. kicked; up C. turned; over D. took; on
【解析】C句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔细考虑;switch on把开关打开;kick up引起;take on呈现、雇用、承担。
25. At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled
【解析】C trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑;puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排除;根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的(confused),而不受到了人为的干扰(disturbed),才会导致不可预见的影响。因此选择C项。
26. So, how is your new roommate ?
She really ____. She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude remarks.
A. turns me over B. turns me down C. turns me off D. turns me out
【解析】C turn sb.over :把移交，把交给;turn sb. down:拒绝;turnsb.off :使对(某人)感到厌烦、使不感兴趣;turn sb.out:驱逐，赶走。根据句意她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择C项。
27. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.
A. hold down
B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out
【解析】C hold down压制，限制;hold up推迟，耽搁;hold back阻挡，抑制;hold out提供，提出。句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。由此可知答案为C项。
28. Would you like to go to Paris with us next year ?
Id like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young.
A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains
【解析】C前三项意思相同，都可以表示反对(做)、某事：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为提出异议。前一句邀请对方一起去Paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。D项explain虽然也可执着that 从句，但是它的含义为解释不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。
29. Theres no bear left and the pubs are shut so youll have to _______.
A. go out B. go off C. go without D. go through
【解析】C go out外出，熄灭;go off爆炸，中断;go through通过，完成，经历;go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。
30. The film World without thieves ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema.
A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized
情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完整,不能单独作谓语,需要在其后接动词原形构成复合谓语,情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。情态动词主要表示能力、允许、必须、批评和推测。一个情态动词可能有多种用法。说话人的某一种态度可能用多个情态动词表示。几个情态动词表示说话人的态度,有时意义相同,有时却有区别,互相不能替代。本讲主要通过情态动词的用法比较掌握其区别。现分七个问题讲解。
一.表能力：(ability)
1. can 只表能力,be able to 表最终产生的能力
She can speak EngLish .
By the time she finishes her courses,shell be able to speak EngLish well .
2. can没有将来时和完成时,要用be able to 代替
She will be able to see you tomorrow .
I have not been able to go to work for three days .
3. could不能表过去实际发生的行为,只表示过去一般 的能力
was (were,had been)able to 则能。意思是 succeed in doing或manage to do
Could not =was not able to
When I was five ,I could already swim .
He could swim,but he didn t jump into the water to save the boy .(没有发生行为）
He couldnt(=wasnt able to )go to London yesterday .（否定式相同）
Some of us can use the computer now but we couldn￠t three years ago .
Einstein was able to leave Germany before the war began .
Although the driver was badly hurt ,he was able to explain what had happened .
(实际发生了行为）
二.表允许：(permission)
1. may ,can (might ,could)
You may (can)go now .=I permit you to go .
Can I have a word with you ?
Could you lend me your camera ?
2. 否定式
may not = must not =can not
注意重音：He may not go tomorrow .(表允许）
=I do not permit him to go tomorrow .
He may not go tomorrow .（表推测）
=It is possible that he will not go tomorrow .
You cannot (mustn t,may not )play football in the park on Sundays ,though you may do
so on weekdays .
You mustnt smoke here.
=You cannot smoke here.
=You may not smoke here.
=You are not allowed tosmoke here.Y
=You d better not smoke here
三.表必须
1. must 表主观上的必须
have to + 原形=have got to + 动词原词形表客观上的必须
I must finish this before I go . (主观）
As we missed the last bus ,we had to walk home .（客观）
You have got to do it today .
2. must没有过去时和将来时,可用have to 表主观
I had to go yesterday .
I shall have to go to my hometown some day .
I have had to go three times already .
但间接引语或有间接引语味道的句子里可用must表过去。
Yesterday morning I told my mother that I must call on a frierd at once .
3. 表暂时必要用must,经常的需要用have to
I must go shopping this morning .
Do you have to go shopping every day ?
I don t have to go to school on Sundays .
4. mustn t 和may not， cannot表示禁止某人做事同义。
You mustn t walk on the grass .(may not )
Cars mustn t be parked in front of the house .(cannot)
5. 表示道义上的必要用ought to
I feel I ought to help you .
There ought not to be much noise in a hospital .
四.表批评：
1.表示对现在动作的批评
should (nt) + ( be )doing (肯定形式表否定意思,否定形式表肯定意思)
You should be reviewing your lessons ,why are you palying chess here ?
She should not be working .She is still very weak .
2. 表示对过去动作的批评
Should (nt) + have done (肯定形式表否定意思,否定形式表肯定意思)
I should have answered your letter soorer,but I have been too busy recently .
You should have taken her home .
You ought to have done the work yesterday .
The child ought not to have been allowed to go alone .
五.表推测 (possibility)
1.表对现在事实的推测：
①表示对现在状态的推测
There must be some tea in the pot ,
She must know several foreign langrages .
The teacher may be in the Lab .
Who might the man be ?
This ought to be your notebook .
The worker cannot be over sixty.(否定式用cant)
Can the news be true ?(疑问式)
How could you be so carless ?
注：①might 不表过去,只表婉转,可能性比 may 小。
② ought to表推测,与must相近,must表强调。
(2).表示对现在动作的推测
They must (may)be waiting for us now .lets hurry up .
It must (may) be snowing outside .
She must (may) still be thinking about the questions you raised .
He cant be watching TV now .He must be reviewing his lessons in the library .
What can they be argurning about ?
2. 对过去事实的推测：
①表示从过去对过去的事实的推测：
He was afraid it might rain that evening .
He could be very excited when he heard some good news .
John said the professor must be at least seventy .
②表示从现在对过去事实的推测：
They must have gone home .
She may (might) have gone to hospital .
She cant (couldnt )have done such a thing. (否定式用cant和couldnt均可)
Where can (could)he have gone ?
Can (could)she have forgatten my address?
3. 表示对将来事实的推测：
It must come sooner or later .
=It surely come sooner or later .
He may come or may not ,I don t know .
- Can he be back before May Day ?
- Im afraid he cant (be back before May Day)
情态动词 + 某些动词(go ,leave )的进行时,表对将来的推测
She may be leaving tomorrow .
I might (may)be going back is the fall .(秋季)
六. need与dare
(一).need和dare用于实义动词的特点是：
1.与其他实义动词一样,有词形变化
The leaves of this plant are yellow because it needs water .
Who dares to go ?
He needed help when he was at college .
She dared to be left alone at home when she was a little girl .
2.构成否定式和疑问式用助动词do
It doesnt need to be explained again .
Does he need to repair the machine at once ?
He did not dare to climb that mountain .
Don t you dare to touch me ?!
3.need接动名词作宾语表被动,接不定式表主动
dare接不定式作宾语,肯定式常接带to的不定式,否定式和疑问式带to与不带to均可。
The young trees need watering (to be watered).(如果接不定式则用被动式表示被动)
We need to discuss the matter carefully .
He dares to ask me that .
I dont dare (to) ask the question again .
Do they dare(to)come ?
(二).need 和dare用作情态动的特点是：
1.与其他情态动词一样,用于各人称、没有词形变化
第三人称单数一般现在时,不加“s”。
I dont believe you need go to shanghai .
Need we hand in the composition today ,teacher ?
No ,you neednt ./ Yes ,you must .(不说need)
The little girl said that she dare not go to town alone .
“If you dare speak to me like that again ,Ill give you a good beating(wipping)”
said the mother .
2. need和dare用于情态动词一般不用于肯定句。need只用于否定句和疑问句,dare只用
于否定句,疑问句和条件句
need的否定式 need not 或 neednt, dare的否定式 dare not 或 darent
不说：I need repair my watch today . 而说： I need to repair my watch today .
不说：She dared speak to a stranger . 而说：She dared to speak to a stranger .
He wanted to come to face me ,but he darent .
You neednt run so fast ,little one !
3. need 和dare用于情态动词,后接不带 to的不定式
He neednt be answered for it . She dare not say what she has just seen .
4. need 和dare接不定式的完成式,可表示过去的时间。
You neednt have told them the secret .
The students darent have asked the teacher when they met .
(三)．need 和dare可用作名词
There is no need to start so early .
Mary tried to ride on a cow for a dare .
(四)．need 和dare构成固定短语
We must train more experts to meet the needs of the four modernizations .(满足)
We will give you aids if need be .(有必要的话)
We will take steps at once in case of need (必要时)
We have got a great quantity of daily needs( 日用品) in recent years .
How dare you (he )…?“竟敢”“胆大妄为”
How dare you say I￠m unfair ?
How dare you steal apples from my garden!
I dare say, = I think it is likely , perhaps(我看…可能,大概…)
I dare say it will snow today .
I dare say your invention will greatly benifit the whole world .
I dare say sports and games can be of sreat value to people who work with their
brains most of the day .
I dare say you are thirsty after the game .
Itll rain tomorrow ,I dare say .
(五).didnt need to do 表示过去不必做的事,实际未发生动作。
neednt have done 表示做了不必要做的事,确实发生了。
I didnt need to get up early this morning .
So I stayed in bed until lunch time .
I neednt have got up early ,because I had no classes this morning .
You neednt have written such a long composition .
I didnt need to ring the bell ,because the door opened when I got to it .
You neednt have spent so much money ,now we havent got enough money to buy
the tickets.
She didnt need to read those thick books ,which saved him a lot of time .
You neednt have had your radio repaired ,you could have repaired it yourself .
七.“情态动词 + 不定式的完成式”表示一个过去的概念。
1. must have done (对过去情况的推测）
2. may (might)have done (同上)
3. cant (couldnt )have done (对过去情况推测的否定式)
4. could have done .(过去有能力做到的事,由于某种原因没做到)
5. might have done (过去有可能做到的事,由于某种原因没做到)
6. should(not) have done (对过去动作的批评)
7. ought to have done (同上)
8. needt have done (做了过去没有必要做的事)
9. darent have done ( 过去不敢做某事)
He must have arrived in shijiazhuang yesterday .
He may have missed the train .
He might have gone home .
I cant have taken it home .
You should have given him more help .
The wall shouldnt have been painted blue .
You ought to have handed in your composition yesterday .
You neednt have said that .
I darent have asked him when he was born .
Ⅱ高考试题及练习题
1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning .
she ____ at the meeting .
A.mustnt have spoken B.shouldnt have spoken
C.neednt have spoken D.couldnt have spoken
2. Where is my pen ? I ____ it .
A.might lose B.would have lost C.should have lost D.must have lost
3. I didnt hear the phone .I ____ asleep .
A.must be B.must have been B.should be D.should have been
4. ____they ____ their work so soon ?
A.Can …have completed B.Must…have completed
C.Should…have completed D.Need…have completed
5. -I saw Ann in the library yesterday .
-You _____ her ；she is still aboad .
A.must not see B.cant have seen C.mustnt have seen D.couldnt see
6. The train has gone .You two ____ on time .
A.should come B.must have come
C.ought to have come D.shouldn t have come
7. The little boys eyes are red .He ______.
A.must cry B.may cry C.must be cried D.must have cried
8. ____ she have lost the watch ?
A.Can B.May C.Need D.Must
9. You ____ your radio .Ive brought one .
A.mustnt have brought B.neednt have brought
C.mustnt bring D.neednt to bring
10. ----Did your sister break that window ?
---- ____ .
A.She must do it B.She may have done it
C.She may do it D.She can do it
11. ---- ____ she have lost her way?
---- She might have .
A.Must B.May C.Could D.Should
12. The ground was wet this morning . It ____ last might .
A.might have been rained B.must be raining
C.must have been rained D.must have rained
13. I parked my car right here but now it s gone . It _____ .
A.may be stolen B.must be stolen
C.must have been stolen D.must have stolen
14. ----We should have walked to the station ；it was so near .
--- -Yes .A taxi ___ at all nesessary .
A.wasnt B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wont be
15. He ___ you more help ,even though he was very busy .
A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give
16. ----Look ,someone is coming, guess ____ .
----Jack．Hes always on time .
A.Who can it be B.Who it can be C.Who he can be D.Who can he be
17. There was plenty of time .She ______ .
A.mustnt have hurried B.neednt have hurried
C.must not hurry D.couldnt have hurry
18. The plant is dead .I ___ it more water .
A.will give B.would have given
B.must give D.should have given
19. You ought ___ to stay here .
A.to allow B.to be allowed C.be allowed D.allow
20. We ___ for her because she never came .
A.neednt wait B.shouldnt have waited
C.mustnt wait D.mustnt have waited
21. Jenny ____ have kept her word . I wonder why she changed her mind .
A.must B.should C.need D.would
22. We ___ last night ,but we went to the coucert instead .
A.must have studied B.might study
C.should have studied D.would study
23. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret ,but he meant no harm .
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told
24. The cat ___ hibernate in winter .
A.does not need to B.needn t
C.doesnt have to D.A or B or C
25. Neither of them ___ the snake .
A.dares catch B.dares to catch
C.dare catch D.A or B or C
26. He ____ have come here yesterday ,but he didn￠t .
A. could B.should C.ought to D.A or B or C
27. ----May I borrow your bike ?
----No ,you ____ .
A.mustnt B.may not C.had better not D.A or B or C
28. He was a good swimmer ,so he ___ swim to the river bank when the boat sank .
A.could B.succeeded C.might D.was able to
29. I got up early that morning ,but I ___ so because I had no work to do .
A.mustnt have done B.didnt need to do
C.neednt have done D.cant have done
30. I ___ up early this morning ,so I stayed in bed until 9 oclock a.m .
A.neednt have got B.didnt need to get
C.shouldnt have got D.cant have got
31. What ___ I do for you ,madam ?
A.shall B.can C.may D.will
32. He ___ see a doctor before it is too late .
A.must B.must have to C.need D.need have to
33. -Could I borrow your dictionary ?
-Yes ,of course you ____ .
A.might B.could C.should D.can
34.---- ____ I stop here sir ?
---- ____ No .Go on to the next paragraph ,please .
A.Will B.May C.Would D.Ought
35. I wasn￠t sure whether I ___ offer to help or not .
A.should B.might C.would D.can
36. ---- ____ we finish all the exersises in class ?
---- Yes ,you ____ .
A.Shall；will B.Need；can C.Can；might D.Must；must
37. ----May I put my bike here ?
---- No ,you ____
A.neednt B.cant C.wouldnt D.arent able
38. I ___ go if I had the chance .
A.can B.may C.will D.would
39. You ___ walk for miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone .
A must B.need C.may D.have to
40. Our teachers are at work .You ____ make so much noise .
A.won t B.mustn t C.would not D.needn t
41. Im afraid it ___ rain tonight .
A.can B.could C.may be D.might
42. Dont be worried .The news ____ be true .
A.should not B.mustnt C.neednt D.cant
43. You ___ do what you like this morning .
A.could B.can C.are able to D.can be able .
44. ---- Need I start from the beginning ?
---- Yes ,you _____ .
A.need B.do C.can D.must
45. I wouder how he _____ that to the teacher .
A.dare to say B.dare say C.not dare say D.dare say
46. Some warm-blooded animals _____ biberate.
A.need not B.does not need to
C.needn t to D.do not need
47. Somebody _____ here only this morning .
A.must be B.must have been
C.can be D.should have been
48. I ___ them ,but I wasn t able to
A.ought to have helped B.must have helped
C.might help D.needn t have helped
49. You are wet through .You ___ in the rain .
A.must come B.must have caught
C.may catch D.must have got caught
50. He worked hard ,and ____ pass his examinations .
A.could B.is able to C.can D.was able to
Ⅲ 练习答案
1-5 DDBAB 6-10 CDABB 11-15 CDCAA 16-20 BBDBB 21-25 BCADD
26-30 DDDCB 31-35 BADBB 36-40 DBDCB 41-45 DDBDD 46-50 ABADD
Ⅳ 练习题分析
1. couldnt have spoken是对过去情况推测的否定式,可改成cant have spoken , 其他三项
均不能表示推测。
2. must have lost it 是对过去情况推测的肯定式。must可换成may 或might,但可能性
小。must可能性最大。
3. must have been表示对过去情况的推测。 must可换成may 或might .
4. can…have completed表示对过去情况推测的疑问式, can可换成could ,但不能用must,
may 和might构成推测的疑问句。
5. cant have seen 是对过去情况推测的否定式,cant能被couldnt替换。mustnt have
seen 不能表示对过去情况的否定式。
6. ought to have come 是对过去的批评,肯定形式,否定意思,说明你们俩没赶上火车是因
为来晚了。这里的ought to 与 should 同意,可互相替代。
7. must have cried 是对过去情况推测的肯定式。根据是the boy￠s eyes are red 。must
可以改成may 或might 。
8. can she have lost …?是对过去情况推测的疑问句。can 可改成could , 但不能用must ,
may 或might 。
9. neednt have brought 表示过去没有必要做的事,实际做了,但没有带来负作用。根据是
I have brought one 。
10. “She may have done it .”是对过去情况的肯定式,表示可能性较小。D项的 can只用于
疑问句或否定句。A和C项是对将来动作的推测。
11. “Could she have lost …”表示对过去情况推测的疑问句, could可被can所替换,但不能
用Must或May 。
12. must have rained …是对过去情况推测的肯定式。根据是The grourd was wet this
morning 。
13. “must have been stolen”是对过去情况推测的肯定式。根据是I parked my car right
here but now its gone 。
14. “A taxi wasnt at all necessary .”中的谓语动选了过去时。根据是We should have
walked to the station。“should + have + 过去分词”这一结构表示一个过去的概念。
15. “might have given”表示过去有可能做到的事由于某种情况没做成。本题的意思是“既
使他很忙,他还是可以给予你更多的帮助,但实际上并没有做到,这是肯定形式,否定意
思。”
16. 本题的意思是“看,有人来了。猜一猜是谁?”guess之后的who 从句是宾语从句,故用陈
述句的句式。it是从句的主语,是人称代词。it用于人表示搞不清姓别。C项的主语是he
,显然不合实际情况。
17. “neednt + have + 过去分词”这一结构表示做了过去没有必要做的事。根据是There is
plenty of time 。但这并没有坏影响。neednt不能改成mustnt 和couldnt , 因为它们没
有这种功能。
18. should have given 是对过去的批评。树死了是因为我浇水不多。本题意思是我该给
树多浇水,实际并没有多浇水。肯定形式,否定意思。
19. ought to 是情态动词,应接原形动词,但由于allow一词与逻辑主语You成被动关系,故用
be allowed.这称为含有情态动词的被动语态.
20. Shouldnt have waited 表示对过去动作的批评,是婉转的批评,留有余地的批评。否定
形式,肯定意思。
21. Should have kept her word 表示对过去动作的批评,是婉转的批评,有余地的批评。形
式上肯定,意思上否定。
22. Should have studied 表示对过去动作的批评,用法同21题。
23. Tom ought not to have told me…是对过去动作的批评,ought not等于Shouldnt,用法同
20题。
24. 选项A.does not need to hibernate中的need是实义动词,因为does not帮助它构成否定
式;B项neednt hibernate 中的neednt是情态动词,因为其本身构成否定式;C项doesnt
have to hibernate,意为“没有必要…”和A、B两相同意。故三项全正确。
25. 选项A.dares catch中的dares为实义动词,应接带to的不定式作宾语,但由于句首的
Neither构成这句话的否定句。实义动词,dare在否定句中,不定式宾语可以省to;选项
B。dares to catch 中的dares是实义动词,可接带to 的不定式宾语;选项C。dare catch
中的dare为情态动词,其后只能接原形动词,用于否定式,疑问式或条件句。故三项全正
确。
26. 选项A . could have come … 表示过去有能力做到的事,由于其中原因没做成；选项
B。should have come是对过去动作的批评,是婉转的批评,留有余地的批评,肯定形式,
否定意思;选项C。ought to 等should ,用法同选项B。故三项在语法和意思上全成立。
27. 选项A. mustnt和B. may not 表示禁止某人做某事同意。此外,还可以用cant和had
better not 等。
28. could 和 was able to 都表示过去有能力做某事。但could只表示泛指能力,不表示实施
了一个动作。was (were)able to 才表示过去既有能力,也实施了一个动作。本题表示
他的确游到岸边。
29. neednt have done 表示过去没有必要做的事,实际做了,但无负作用。本题的意思是那
天早晨没有必要早起,因为不上班,但实际早起了。
30. didnt need to do sth 是过去没有必要做的事,实际也没有做。
31. What can I do for you 中的can 表示能力,这是服务行业对顾客的礼貌用语。在不同地
方,翻译也不同。在商店,译成“你买什么货?”。在书店,就是“你买什么书?”。这句话不
能用“what do you want ?”代替。
32. 选项A. must表示“必须”,是主观上的“必须”。选项C. need ,用于肯定句,必须是实义动
词,宾语应是to see ,即带to 的不定式。need用于情态动词,只用于否定句或疑问句,不
能用于肯定句,故C项错。
33. 问句中的could 并非是过去式,而是表示委婉,客气的礼貌用语,但回答不能说yes ,you
could 。正确的答语有两种：Yes ,you can 或Yes ,you may。
34. May I stop here 中的May表示允许,还可以用can,但May较多用.但不能用其他各项。
35. might offer 是对将来的推测。must表示可能性最大,但也不是百分之百,may可能性小,
might可能性最小。这里用might的根据是I wasnt sure 和whether。其他各项均无此用
法。
35. might offer表示对将来动作的推测。情态动词must接原形动词,表示对将来的推测时
可能性最大,may表示可能性小,might最小。
36. must表“必须”用于疑问句时,其肯定回答是Yes ,you must,否定回答是No, you neednt;
need表“必要”用于疑问句,其肯定回答用Yes,you must,否定回答用 No,you neednt。
37. May表示允许用于疑问句时,其肯定回答是Yes,you may,否定回答有三种即No,you
may not;No,you mustnt;和No,you cant。还可以说No,you had better not。
38. 本句的would是情态动词用于虚拟语气,因为条件从句中用的是had,用过去时表示对现
在的虚拟。
39. may walk是情态动词接原形动词,表示对将来的推测,但是可能性比must较小,比might
较大些。must表示可能性较大,又与实际不相附。
40. mustnt make so much noise是不允许某人做某事,原因是Our teacher is at work。禁
止某人做某事还可用may not 和can not。不能用neednt。
41. might rain tonight是对将来的推测,表示可能较小用might,这是由Im afraid所决定的。
42. Cant be true表示对现在状况推测的否定式,其他三项均无此种用法。
43. can do what you like中的can不表能力,而表允许,和may的用法相同。
44. 由need构成的疑问句,其肯定回答是Yes,you must,否定回答是No,you needn t。
45. D为正确答案。dare一词既可以作情态动词,也可以作实义动词。作情态动词,后接原
形动词,作实义动词,后接带 to的不定式。dared say应发生在wonder之前,这就否定了A
和B项。全句的含义是“我不知道他怎么敢跟老师说那话。”
46. need一词既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作情态动词时,后接原形动词,没有人称
和数的变化。作实义动词时,后接带to的不定式作宾语。B项的数不对,C项多了to,D项
少to,故A为正确答案。
47. must have been here是对过去情况的推测,因为this morning为过去时间状语。
48. I ought to have helped them中的ought to 等于should,表示过去动作的批评。用ought
to表示道义上我应帮助他们,但由于某种原因没办成。
49. must have got canght中的got与been同义。be caught in the rain表示被雨淋,原因是
You are wet through。
50. could与was able to都能表示过去能力,但could只泛指有能力,不表示实际发生的行
[焦点一]考查can表示可能、请求、许可及其应答语的用法。
can表示请求许可时,相当于may,但语气没有may“严肃”,即指非正式的请求许可。例如:
Can I get you a drink?——______.I have already gotone.
A.That's very nice of you B.No,you don't have to.
C.Yes,please D.With pleasure.(2009年兰州)
简析:答案是A。此题考查情态动词can表示非正式请求的应答语。B项是情态动词must和need的否定回答,C、D两项是肯定回答,所以排除。
[焦点二]考查may表示可能、许可和请求许可及其应答语的用法。
may表示许可和请求许可时,意思和can相近,但是语气比can“严肃”,即表示正式的许可和请求许可,其应答语有多种。肯定回答有:Yes,please./Help yourself./Certainly./Of course./Sure.否定回答有:No,you can't/mustn't./Sorry,but…等等。例如:
1) A teacher______also make a mistake if he or she is notcareful enough.
A.must B.may C.should D.has to (2009年广州)
2)——______I have your name,please?——Yes,Smith.S—M—I—T—H.
A.Must B.May C.Will D.Need (2009年广东)
3) May I bring my dog onto the bus?No,you______.
A.may B.mustn't C.needn't D.don't (2009年湖南岳阳)
简析:1)答案是B。此题是考查may表示可能性的用法。must是“必须”的意思、should是“应该”的意思、has to是“不得不”的意思,所以排除A、C、D三项。2)答案是B。此题是考查may表示请求许可的用法。A项表示必须,C项表示将要,D项表示需要,所以排除。3)答案是B。此题是考查may表示请求许可的应答语。因为是否定回答,所以排除A项。C项是“不需要”的意思,D项是行为动词一般现在时的一般疑问句的否定答语,所以也排除。
[焦点三]考查could表示过去的可能和非正式的请求许可及其应答语的用法。例如:
1)——Could I look at your pictures?——Yes,of courseyou____.
__
A.could B、can C、will D、might (2009年太原)
2)——Could I call you by the first name?——Yes,you______.
A.will B.could C.might D.may (2009年无锡)
简析:答案1)B。2) D。could表示非正式的请求许可时,应答语要用Yes,you can/may.。
[焦点四]考查should/shouldn't表示应该/不应该的用法。
should表示应该,语气比must委婉、比ought to弱。例如:
We______keep the new traffic law and learn how to pro-tect ourselves.
A.may B.should C.can D.need (2010年上海)
简析:答案是B。此题考查情态动词should的用法。A、C项表示可能,D项表示需要,所以排除。
[焦点五]考查ought to表示应该的用法。例如:
我们理应高度赞扬那些工作在抗非第一线的医务人员。
We______to__________________the doctors and nur-ses fighting SRAS at the front.
简析:答案是:ought,speak highly of。理应是“应该”的意思,与to连用表示“应该”的只有用ought。高度赞扬是固定搭配。(2010年合肥)
[焦点六]考查need/needn't表示需要和不需要的用法。例如:
1)——Where is your umbrella?
——It's fine today.You______take an umbrella withyou.
A.can't B.needn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't (2010年南京)
2) You______to the meeting this afternoon if you havesomething to do.
A.needn't to come B.don't need come
C.don't need coming D.needn't come (2010年银川)
简析:1)答案是B。此题是考查情态动词need的否定用法。A项是不可能的意思,C项是不允许的意思,D项是不应该的意思,所以排除。2)答案是D。所给选项都是否定结构,A、B、C三项是干扰题,所以排除。
[焦点七]考查must表示推测的用法
Must表示推测时,通常用于肯定句中,否定句中通常用can't。例如:
l) Oh,dear!Did you walk such a long way on such a hotday?Sit down and have a drink.You______be tired and thirsty.
A.can B.must C.may D.should (2010年南京)
2) Susan______be here now because she has just gone to New York.
A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.may not (2010年福州)
简析:1)答案是B。2)答案是B。
[焦点八]考查have to表示必要的用法。例如:
have to表示必要时,指主观上的必要,意思是“不得不”。例如:
——I like the party so much,but I______go home.It'stoo late.
——What a pity!
A.mustn't B.have to C.may D.can't (2010年泉州)
A. mustB. shouldC. needD. would
2. ——Could I use your bike?
——Yes, surely you ____.
A. mightB. willC. canD. should
3. It’s nearly eight o’clock. Bruce ____ be here at any moment.
A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can
4. Tommy, you ____ play with the knife; you ____ get hurt.
A. won’t; can’tB. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; mustD. can’t; shouldn’t
5. When he was there, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the corner
after work every day.
A. wouldB. shouldC. had betterD. might
6. ——When can you get the film developed? I need it tomorrow morning.
——It ____ be ready by 8:00.
A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need
7. ——Will you stay for another hour?
——Sorry, ____. One of my best friends is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’tB. I can’tC. I needn’tD. I won’t
8. Jason shouldn’t ____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have toldB. tell
C. be tellingD. having told
9. ——Are you coming for dinner?
——I’m not quite sure. I ____ go to my uncle’s instead.
A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might
10. ——Don’t forget to visit me when you come to Beijing.
——____.
A. I don’tB. I won’tC. I can’tD. I haven’t
11. He ought ____ have done so even though possible.
A. not toB. to notC. notD. never
12. Jane ____ have come to the party, but she ____ not find the exact
time.
A. could; couldB. might; could
C. should; couldD. should; would
13. So many mistakes in your homework!You ____ more careful.
A. may beB. had to
C. would beD. should have been
14. Her brother ____ be at home now, because he was seen playing
basketball in the stadium just now.
A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. shouldn’t
15. ——I can’t understand why our boss is late.
——He ____ the early bus.
A. could missB. may have missed
C. can have missedD. might miss
16. There was plenty of time. We ____.
A. mustn’t have hurriedB. couldn’t have hurried
C. mustn’t hurryD. needn’t have hurried
17. He was so good a swimmer that he ____ swim to the river bank
when the boat sank.
A. couldB. mightC. canD. was able to
18. You ____ go there if you don’t want to.
A. can’tB. needn’tC. haven’tD. mustn’t
19. I have been writing the report for 3 hours. I ____ it half an hour ago.
A. ought finishB. ought to finish
C. ought have finishedD. ought to have finished
20. The Browns went to the country for two weekends as they ____ to the
office on Sunday.
A. needn’t have goneB. mustn’t go
C. mayn’t goD. didn’t have to go
21. Nancy ____ out alone at night.
A. dare not to goB. dares not go
C. doesn’t dare to goD. doesn’t dares go
22. Don’t believe him. What he said ____ be true.
A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. shouldn’tD. may not
23. ——____ I go home now, sir?
——No, you ____. You should finish the composition first.
A. Might; wouldn’tB. May; had better not
C. Must; mustn’tD. Need; mustn’t
24. ——____ Jack be here now?
——He ____ be here, but I’m not too sure.
A. Can; mayB. Must; needn’t
C. May; mustn’t D. Can; can’t
25. One ought ____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not be punishedB. not to be punished
C. to not punishedD. to not be punished
26. I didn’t hear the bell ring; I ____ asleep.
A. must beB. must have been
C. should beD. should have been
27. Powell ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrivedB. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrivedD. need not have arrived
28. ——There were already five people in the car, but they still managed to give me a lift.
——It ____ a comfortable trip.
A. can’t beB. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have beenD. couldn’t have been
29. We needn’t ____ preparations for the meeting, because Mr. Zhang
called it off.
A. have madeB. makeC. to makeD. making
30. It’s strange that they ____ without saying goodbye to us.
A. must have leftB. should have left
C. can have leftD. may have left
31. The doctor did all he could in order that he ____ save the child’s
life.
A. mustB. mightC. had toD. was able to
32. Petty ____ you help, even if she was very busy.
A. might have givenB. might give
C. may have givenD. may give
33. Bruce ____ go to school today, for he has had a bad cold.
A. needn’tB. shouldC. mayD. can’t
34. ——Must I clean the room now?
——No, you ____.
A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. may not
35. ——Little Lily didn’t come to the party yesterday.
——I ____ her last night but I was too busy.
A. should telephoneB. had to telephone
C. should have telephonedD. ought to telephone
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