gre备考八周计划

gre备考八周计划（精选4篇）

gre备考八周计划 篇1

做好GRE填空词汇基础要打牢

如同开头所讲的，考生一定要突破单词障碍，千万不能放松单词的背诵。现在填空题对单词的要求量依然很大，很多单词都是平常没有见到过的。在做题的过程中，我们会遇到这样的情况，题目都看懂了，也知道空格中应该填什么样的词，但是一看选项就傻眼了，选项中的单词大部分都不认识。如果选项中的单词都认识了，那么填空题目也就搞定了。所以突破单词就是打开了填空题的第一道大门，单词是做题的基础，万万不能忽视。

提高审题速度和题目理解能力

除了词汇基础外，考生还需要提高快速阅读和理解的能力。虽然填空题更多的考查的是单词的用法和精确含义，但是有些题目的句子本身也是很长的，例如两空题和三空题，尤其是三空题。做这样的题目时，如果考生具备有一定的阅读技能，就能起到事半功倍的效果，让考生能够快速理解句子的意思，做出适合的选择。

积极训练做题题积累解题经验

无论是词汇还是阅读能力，归根到底还要落到实处，通过练习来检验成果。孰能生巧几乎可以适用于任何的考试。GRE填空的练习题有时候只做一遍是不够的，许多题目往往需要多做两遍，例如陈圣元句子填空，和一些模考中的题目。因为多做几遍这样的题可以帮助我们熟悉GRE填空题的出题思路，总结出一些重复的基本规律。同时许多快速阅读和理解的方法，也需要通过练习来加以熟悉，如此才能顺利运用到考试之中。

GRE填空理清答题顺序

新GRE填空第一需要读题干

此为理解题干内容的关键一步，但是考生往往感觉要么必须彻底弄懂句子意思才能做题，要么觉得无法读懂题干而盲目做答。建议：读题干时，考生应先抓住题目的主干结构，换句话说应先弄清楚句子的主语，谓语和宾语成分，而后找出主干以外的修饰成分，譬如定语短语，定语从句，分词短语，状语从句及插入语等等。阅读句子时可以采用跳跃式的读题方法，即仍掉那些主干以外的部分，但是对于双空格的填空题来说，采用这种方法就未必有效，甚至还会解题思维造成阻碍，因为，双空格的句子往往一个句子中可以分成两个具有一定逻辑关系的分句，且两个分句或起到承前起后，或起到转折，或起到并列的作用。

新GRE填空第二需要分析逻辑关系

当我们顺利完成第一步，弄懂句子的主干结构和分隔成分以后，接下来开始对题干所隐含的逻辑关系进行分析，这是解题的依据所在，也是决定解题正确与否的关键环节。还是让我们对例句1从逻辑角度进行一下分析。本句中有一个词语：vanity(自负，虚荣)，a critic与he 同指一人，而第二个空格后面的内容work against him：对他自己产生不利的作用和影响， 显然vanity 和第二个空格之间可以建立一种同义联系，也就是既然这个批评家爱慕虚荣，那么他的行为和言语必然能够体现出这种虚荣心，所以只能选self-adulation：自吹自擂，正好符合句子的本意。

在实际考试时，第一二步可以同时进行，我们基本在能够推出句子空格处所需填入的词汇的褒贬色彩以及所要表达的意义方向以后，便可以进行选项的排除及定位。另外，在寻找逻辑关系时，建议大家在读句子时，应主动去分辨句子当中所存在的重复部分，照应结构以及主体词等等。

新GRE填空第三需要解题

通过对句子进行结构分析并进行结构简化以后，接下来需要做的就是根据先前确定好的逻辑关系确定选词，如果句子所包含的逻辑关系为转折关系，那基本上双空格内应填入的词汇的关系为对立关系，我们可以视应填入的一组词为反义词，如果根据意群，我们透过分析句子的主干部分与主干以外的修饰语成分，得出其中的逻辑关系为并列关系，那么我们就可以视应填入的两个词之间的关系为同义关系，而当我们试图根据逻辑关系无法得出正确选项时，最后还剩下一个策略，那就是排除法则，只要确定出一个空格的词汇，另外一个空格的词汇我们只要将其代入其中即可。

新GRE填空第四需要检查

当我们完成了填空题，最后一个环节就是检查，通常检查题目的一个优先策略就是看将选项中的词汇代入空格中，看句子从意义上是否通顺，连贯。如果句子不连贯，那么就说明所选的词项是错误的，那么我们就应该进行二次排除，直到句子通顺为止。

GRE填空复习备考资料汇总

新GRE填空备考要点一：逻辑。看到题之后，很快的去思考这道题是在强调一个什么样的逻辑。相等?相反?强调?进一步解释?或者并列?与其反复的去看题目，不如很直接的抓住句子中的逻辑关系，这样就知道了解题的方向了。

新GRE填空备考要点二：关键词。找到了逻辑关系之后，就抓住了解题的方向。在有了大的方向的情况下，找到关键词，便可以很快的解题了。

这个方法对于我自己来说是屡试不爽，大家可以自己做题的时候也尝试着用这种方法，看看有没有效果。

最后，做好GRE填空需要大量的练习与反思。如果没有时间大量的去练习，也至少应该花一部分的时间出来去反思做错的题目，是因为单词不会?还是逻辑没把握住?还是其它的原因。有反思，才有进步。盲目的努力，只是在给自己的失败找借口(我努力“过”了)。

推荐GRE填空练习的资料：

1. 《陈圣元句子填空》。填空的入门资料，每套题后面都有很详细的解释，是最佳的入门练习。

2. 陈琦《填空7套》。有一定的针对性。做完之后一定要反思，反思，再反思。如果能够结合陈琦的录音反思，那么效果就更好了。

3. 《绿皮填空》。这个里面有很多题目是和前面两个资料重复的。不过这也是最接近现在考试题目类型的练习。用来作为后期练习最好。关键还是两个字：反思。

GRE填空中的连词关系

GRE句子填空题型

1.并列关系(等价/递进/因果)

等价，递进，因果和并列关系虽然名称各异，却殊途同归，因为在句意都属于并列关系，很像同义词之间的关系。等价关系通常由定语从句，同位语(或同位语从句)，或解析性从句引出，起着修饰，限制或者补充的作用。而递进和并列结构通常由一些衔接连词连接而成，关系一般都比较明显。所以，我们可以通过这些等价成分得出句子空格应该填入的词，即关键词的同义词。

常见的并列连词有：in that, additionally, again, moreover, further, furthermore, in the same manner, as well as, along with, furthermore, in the same way, just as, also, likewise, in addition to, like, similar to, similarly, for example, for instance, as an example, namely, that is。

常见的因果关系过渡词有：because, because of, as a result, therefore, consequently, in consequence, hence, thus, since, so that, in order to。

2. 转折关系

转折关系正好与并列关系相反。如果说求解并列关系和因果关系句子的关键是寻找同义词的话，那么转折关系就是寻找反义词。只要你能识别这些转折关系词，问题就变得相当简单。转折关系词包括转折连词和负面语气词。

常见的转折连词有：although, but, however, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, rather than, though, otherwise, rather, despite, in spite of,whereas, even if, while.

常见的负面语气词包括：curiously, ironically, paradoxically, far from, in deed, actually, in fact, compared with, unlike.

如何备考GRE阅读 篇2

众所周知长阅读是GRE阅读中的一个难点，文章长已经不是问题了，而是在有限的时间内不仅要读完这么长的一篇文章，还要快速理清文章的脉络和逻辑帮助你作答。

要想提高长阅读的做题能力，就必须要以提高阅读速度为首要目标，从而，提高重要信息的抓取能力，主要逻辑线的整理能力，以及视角功能词，逻辑词等的标记能力。

提高单词的识别能力

提高单词的识别能力并不是说需要你认识文章中的所有单词，比如一些抽象名词，需要根据上下文来推测，不认识也没有关系。

而需要识别的是一些重要的具有态度方向的形容词，负向动词，因为这些词恰恰反映了作者的态度和文章的转折、递进等逻辑结构。

长难句训练

GRE考试的题目句子大都比较长，所以长难句的训练是必要的，每天都看 一点GRE 长难句图解与精练，自己尽量分析，画逻辑图的方式，差不多每天5-10句花费10-20分钟左右的时间即可。

GRE 逻辑框架训练

逻辑框架的训练就是要求同学们在分析文章时，要注重预测下文的行文方向，理清楚文章的框架和主旨，是什么观点，是怎么论证的，有哪些重要的证据。

要多去思考及分析，做到主动阅读而非被动阅读。

限时训练

就如前文所说，咱们的核心就是要提高文章的阅读速度，读文章的时候，把握住文章的逻辑结构和主要观点即可，不需要深究细节，把握阅读及做题的pace，这需要一定时间的练习，所以在备考后期要逐渐开始进行限时训练，考前进行模考练习，专门针对考试的时间分配进行适应性训练。

综合练习

做GRE阅读的时候切忌完全的翻译成中文去理解，而是去分析文章的逻辑结构，可以利用逻辑单项里的题型：

比如：recognizethe assumption，review/evaluate the argument : weaken，strengthen, find the missing but must-be-true informationthat can be inferred and mostly supported by the passages, and apply theprinciples from the authors。

或者，也可以运用Argument作文中的驳论结构去找文章的行文结构。切忌翻译理解哦~~

GRE阅读记忆训练的三个步骤

如何培养考试所需的短期记忆能力呢?下面的小编将为你介绍具体步骤：

步骤一：首先记住文章框架

1.在3.5分钟左右阅读文章。

2.在每一段的结尾，一句话概括了该段的主要思路。

3.读完全文后，浏览每一段主旨，并做一个归纳性的总结。

4. 提炼文章的整体主旨。

上述步骤可以帮助考生熟悉全文并加快解决问题的速度。

步骤二：回顾检查记忆内容

1. 把刚才看过的文章翻过去，暂时不去看。

2. 在纸上写下刚才的每段主旨和文章整体主旨。

检查记忆是测试你在文章中实际记住了多少内容，这实际上也是GRE阅读理解考察的能力。

如果在刚开始练习时没有记住任何内容并不重要，但请不要在此阶段直接阅读该文章。只要尽可能地记下你记得的东西即可。

步骤三：结合记忆答题

1.现在我们可以把刚刚的文章翻回来再看一遍。

2.如果主题涉及到特定的细节，比如在某一行中描述特定的内容，那么立即找到文章的相关部分寻找答案。

3.如果这不是一个细节题，直接回答它。

4.如果能够确定答案，便立刻回答并继续进行下一个问题。

5.如果不能确认答案，再返回文章快速找到。

6.如果前面的步骤无法解决问题，那就做个记号空下，继续跟进下一个问题。

GRE阅读备考真题解析之器官移植

The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens (a usually protein or carbohydrate substance (as a toxin or enzyme) capable of stimulating an immune response) of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these “normal” rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient’s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?

(A) Explicate their main features

(B) Suggest an alternative to them

(C) Examine their virtues and limitations

(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them(E)

(E) Present findings that qualify them

18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the

(A) size of their livers

(B) constitution of their skin

(C) strength of their immune-response reactions

(D) sensitivity of their antigens(C)

(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes

19. According to the hypothesis of the author, after a successful liver transplant, the reason that rats do not reject further transplants of other organs from the same donor is that the

(A) transplantation antigens of the donor and the recipient become matched

(B) lymphocytes of the recipient are weakened by the activity of the transplanted liver

(C) subsequently transplanted organ is able to repair the damage caused by the recipient’s immune-response reaction

(D) transplanted liver continues to be the primary locus for the recipient’s immune-response reaction(D)

(E) recipient is unable to manufacture the lymphocytes necessary for the immune-response reaction

20. Which of the following new findings about strains of rats that do not normally reject liver transplants, if true, would support the authors’ hypothesis?

I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.

II. Increasing the strength of the recipient’s immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.

III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.

IV. Preventing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants.

(A) II only

(B) I and III only

(C) II and IV only

(D) I, II, and III only(A)

(E) I, III, and IV only

GRE双语阅读：五件事加快衰老速度

Your Lunchtime cola

午餐时的可乐

What it ages: Your bones

老化部位：骨骼

The science: Older women who drank a cola every day had significantly lower bone-mineral density than those who consumed less than one cola per month, according to a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. It’s not exactly clear why cola had this effect, but the study researchers believe that it could be the combination of caffeine and phosphoric acid (which most other carbonated drinks don’t have) that causes the problem.

科学研究：《美国临床营养期刊》研究发现，年纪较大的女性如果每天喝一杯可乐，骨密度会远低于那些每月只喝不到一杯可乐的同龄女性。尚不明确可乐为何会产生这种影响，不过许多研究者认为可能是咖啡因与磷酸(其他大多数碳酸饮料不含该成分)结合，造成这个问题。

What you can do: Cut back. Keep in mind that diet cola had similar effects and, to a lesser extent, so did decaf versions. If you need bubbles, try seltzer instead.

解决办法：少饮可乐。记住，健怡可乐也会影响骨密度，不过程度比较轻，脱咖啡因可乐亦如此。如果你想喝碳酸饮料，选择苏打水泡腾片吧。

Your Daily Commute

日常交通

What it ages: Your skin

老化部位：皮肤

The science: The air you’re exposed to on the highway is no friend to your complexion. Traffic-related pollution can lead to age spots, according to a review in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, while another review in Frontiers in Environmental Science found that pollution contributes to overall skin aging, plus other problems like acne, eczema and psoriasis.

科学研究：路上的空气可不是皮肤的好朋友。《皮肤病学研究杂志》表明，交通污染会引发老年斑。《环境科学前沿》还发现，污染会导致皮肤整体老化并产生一系列问题，如粉刺、痤疮和牛皮鲜。

What you can do: Until someone comes up with a way to make a long commute shorter, these tips should help. First, if you drive an older car, roll your windows down instead of up when you’re sitting in traffic. (With an older air-filter system, you’ll just breath in your car’s own exhaust if you keep them up). Second, apply a topical antioxidant product to your face, neck in the morning to help protect your skin from environmental pollution.

解决办法：如果行程不可缩短，那这些方法也许有用。首先，如果你开的是旧车，开车时要把车窗摇下来。因为旧车的空气过滤设备老化，摇起车窗只会吸入车的尾气。其次，在脸和脖子上涂一些抗氧化性产品，减少环境污染带来的伤害。

A Hypercritical Boss

吹毛求疵的老板

What it ages: Your brain

老化部位：大脑

The science: Anxiety and stress can shrink your hippocampus, and in people already experiencing the cognitive decline that can lead to Alzheimer’s, they could potentially speed up the progression of the disease.

科学研究：压力和焦虑会使大脑中的海马体缩小。对于那些认知能力已经开始下降的、可能会得老年痴呆症的人来说，病情可能会加速发展。

Your hippocampus controls memory formation and also plays a role in regulating your emotions. It naturally gets smaller as we age, but a review in Current Opinion in Psychiatry found that stress can cause structural damage and accelerate the shrinking process.

海马体是大脑中负责记忆和感情的部分。随着年龄增加，它会不断缩小。不过，《精神医学最新观点》发现，压力会造成海马体结构性损伤，加速缩小进程。

“Cortisol is released when you’re stressed and cortisol is toxic to the hippocampus,” explains lead study author Linda Mah, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto and clinical scientist at the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care. Before you get anxious about how stress and anxiety are affecting your brain, know this: The researchers concluded that “pathological anxiety and chronic stress” are the real dangers, meaning the kind that’s unrelenting and never seems to go away. If you think that’s what you’re experiencing, talk to your doctor about ways to manage it.

“紧张时会释放出皮质醇，对海马体百害无利，”研究作者Linda Mah表示，同时他还是东京大学的精神学助教、Baycrest老年护理中心的临床科学家。在你焦急的想知道焦虑和紧张是如何影响大脑之前，先弄清楚这些：研究人员认为“病态焦虑和慢性压力”是真正的元凶，这些可是顽固性因子。如果你觉得自己有这些症状，和医生谈谈解决办法。

Dr. Mah led another study in focusing on people with mild cognitive impairment, or MCI. (MCI is considered a precursor to Alzheimer’s. Not everyone with MCI develops Alzheimer’s, but almost all cases of Alzheimer’s start as MCI.) Subjects who experienced anxiety at any time were more likely to progress to Alzheimer’s during the three-year study. The more severe the anxiety, the higher the risk.

Mah医生在做了另一项研究，关注那些患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)的人。MCI是老年痴呆症的早期疾病，不是每一个有MCI的人都会得老年痴呆症，但是大多老年痴呆症的病人都是从患有MCI开始的。在这三年的研究中，容易焦虑的人更容易得老年痴呆症。焦虑程度越高，患病风险也越高。

What you can do: You’ve heard this before, but managing your stress levels is incredibly important. Exercise may be particularly helpful in dealing with work worries, according to a new study in the journal Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, which reported that being physically fit helped protect against the health effects of work-related stress.

解决方法：你之前可能听说过，学会控制压力至关重要。《运动医学与科学》杂志最新研究表明，锻炼也许能帮助减轻工作压力。同时，健康的身体也会帮助我们抵抗工作压力带来的不利影响。

Sleepless Nights

夜间失眠

What they age: Your cells

老化部位：细胞

The science: A startling discovery comes via a study in Biological Psychiatry, which reported that women with five key symptoms of insomnia were almost two years older biologically than women of the same age without sleep issues. (The insomnia symptoms were difficulty falling asleep, restlessness, waking up during the night, trouble dozing off again and waking up too early.) This study didn’t show an obvious cause-and-effect relationship, but study author Steve Horvath, PhD, notes that it’s still good not to let sleep issues linger.

科学研究：生物精神病学研究有一项惊人的发现，有五大失眠症状的女性在生理上要比同龄女性老两岁。五大失眠症包括入睡困难、情绪不安、夜间易醒、午休困难、过早起床。该研究并未显示明显的因果关系，但是研究作者Steve Horvath博士表示还是要解决这些失眠问题。

What you can do: Treat the insomnia. If you’re having trouble sleeping, or notice any of the five symptoms above, ask your doctor for help.

解决方法：治疗失眠。如果你入睡困难，有上述症状，向医生寻求帮助。

An Expanding Waistline

腰围增加

What it ages: Your brain

老化部位：大脑

The science: Our brains naturally lose white matter with age, but researchers from the University of Cambridge found that the brains of overweight and obese people had the same amount of white matter as healthy people 10 years older than them. Being physically unfit in middle age was also linked to smaller brain size, according to research in Neurology.

科学研究：大脑中的白质会随年龄增加而不断损耗。剑桥大学的研究人员发现，体重超重的人大脑中的白质与与比自己大10岁的人含量相当。神经病学研究表明，中年人身体不健康也会导致脑容量减小。

What you can do: Get regular exercise (the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise, or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise, per week) and manage your weight to help keep your brain at a healthy size for your age.

GRE阅读科学备考方法 篇3

Thomas Hardy’s impulses as a writer, all of which he indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony.

TH作为一个作家的impulses的特点是什么?

Numerous and divergent

Did not always work together

很多同学在这里喜欢把impulses翻译出来，比如说翻译成冲动，刺激之类的，

完全没有必要，因为名词在GRE阅读中是最不重要的词汇，尤其这类抽象名词，明确它的作用和特点即可，下文只需要找出对应。不需要明白具体含义。

Hardy was to some degree interested in exploring his characters’ psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy.

那些词跟上文的impulses有关系?

Characters’ psychologies, curiosity, sympathy

Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it.

虽然but在句中，但仍然要找到but的转折关系，哪里转折了?

Occasionally和often

Comedy, farce和tragedy

这句话要读出的关系是Hardy更喜欢的是?

Tragedy

He was also inclined to literary realism in the several senses of that phrase.

Also告诉我们这句话和上句话的关系是?

并列(顺承)

划线部分指代的是?

Literary realism

He wanted to describe ordinary human beings; he wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately, even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe.

这里两个分号引导的并列结构，有可能出细节题，要注意定位

这里的wanted后面跟的内容是否是全新的概念?

不是

如果不是，和前文的什么有关系?

Hardy’s impulses

Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange.

划线部分和非划线部分的关系是?

非划线部分解释说明了划线部分。

Hardy想去做到的是?

To transcend and to express

划线部分的realist可以用那些词进行解释?

Not transcend banality of solely recording things exactly and not express his awareness

总结第一段的大致内容：

Hardy这个人在写作方面的许多想法很多，且有时会不和谐。他比较喜欢非喜剧的东西。他想展现的并非只是呆板的记录的现实主义者，而是比现实主义者更多的展现自己的意识。

以下开始第二段

In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often.

仍然没有出现新的概念，承接上文的impulses

上文对于impulses的特点的描述是?

Numerous and divergent, not always work together

Sacrificed和上文的哪些词对应?

Not always work together

Inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James cared, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared.

两个句子的关系是?

因果关系

为什么?

有标志词because和thus。前一句是因，后一句是果。

出现了两个人名F和J的作用是?

与Hardy进行比较(取不同)

那么F和J的特点是?

Took path of resistance

在Hardy的作品中，impulse会出现什么样的情况?

一个impulse会被新的impulse所取缔，

资料

因此最终的情况不是所有的impulse会互相融合(compromise)而是只会有最新的impulse，之前的impulse都没有了(disappeared)

A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of (on the part of: with regard to the one specified) what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.

本句话中的desire是全新的概念嘛?

不是，和前文的impulse是同一个概念。

这句话的主干是什么?

That a desire might give way abruptly to the desire was never to throw over reality a light.

划线部分的that的作用是?

引导主语从句

划线部分的what的作用是?

引导了一个宾语从句，做of的宾语。

所以这个句子的作用是?

描述了a desire的特点，即impulse的特点

一个desire应该是不会突然让位给另一个(desire)的---比如说一个novelist-scientist需要准确具体的记录一个花的结构和纹理。

这个句子即使翻译了之后，还是觉得很抽象，不妨我们来找一下对应。

Hardy’s impulses的特点是?

新的取代之前的。不能互相融合

而这里我们认为的是什么?

一个desire如果能够被取代，那么那就不能反应事实。

和前文的内容逻辑一致。

In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style.

划线部分的指代是?

The desire on the part of what we might consider novelist-scientist

But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly.

But闪到眼了，要注意的是?

出现转折了。

转折了什么?

前面说，还好新的impulse还不至于导致relaxed style;但是有时Hardy还是会引起relaxing impulse的。

When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style—that sure index of an author’s literary worth—was certain to become verbose.

划线部分的词语和可以用上文的什么词来代替?

Relaxed

所以如果relaxing impulse很多，那么结构就会relaxed

Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.

Hardy’s weakness指代的是什么?

他的relaxing impulse导致的relaxed style

Hardy’s weakness的原因是?

Inability to control and unwillingness to cultivate

无法掌控divergent impulses以及不愿意去坚持那些energetic and risky的impulses

He submitted to first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels.

这句话和上文的关系是?

是上句话的结果。

因为他的无能和不愿意，致使了他的作品都unevenness

这里的unevenness和上文的什么有关系?

Divergent impulses

His most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses—a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a psychologist of love—but the slight interlockings of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splits into two distinct parts.

最后一句话是否有转折?

没有，仍然是在说他的小说结构是divergent

举例子的目的是?(Under the Greenwood Tree)

GRE考试作文备考资料 篇4

Action theory concerned with theories about the processes causing intentional (willful) human bodily movements of more or less complex kind.

Basic action theory typically describes action as behavior caused by an agent in a particular situation. The agent?s desires and beliefs (e.g. my wanting a glass of water and believing the clear liquid in the cup in front of me is water) lead to bodily behavior (e.g. reaching over for the glass). In the simple theory, the desire and belief jointly cause the action. We should take the concept of intention as basic and not analyzable into beliefs and desires.

行为的回报和强化

A reward, tangible or intangible, is presented after the occurrence of an action (i.e. behavior) with the intent to cause the behavior to occur again. This is done by associating positive meaning to the behavior. Studies show that if the person receives the reward immediately, the effect would be greater, and decreases as duration lengthens. Repetitive action-reward combination can cause the action to become habit.

Rewards can also be organized as extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic rewards are external to the person; for example, praise or money. Intrinsic rewards are internal to the person; for example, satisfaction or accomplishment.

Some authors distinguish between two forms of intrinsic motivation: one based on enjoyment, the other on obligation. In this context, obligation refers to motivation based on what an individual thinks ought to be done. For instance, a feeling of responsibility for a mission may lead to helping others beyond what is easily observable, rewarded, or fun.

A reinforcer is different from reward, in that reinforcement is intended to create a measured increase in the rate of a desirable behavior following the addition of something to the environment.

选择的定义