英语应用文常用句型（精选7篇）
一、邀请信
1、I“d like...to come to dinner
非常希望...共进晚餐
2、request the pleasure of
恭请...3、The favor of a reply is requested
敬赐复函
4、May I have the honour of your company at dinner?
敬备菲酌，恭请光临
5、Thank you for inviting us to dinner
谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐
6、I hope you”re not too busy to come.我期望您会在百忙中光临
7、The reception will be held in...,on...招待会定于...在...举行
8、We sincerely hope you can attend
我们期待您的光临
9、We are looking forward to...我们期待着....10、We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion为此我们决定举办一次晚会
11、Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience
是否参加，请早日告之
二、感谢信
1、Thank you very much for....十分感谢...2、Many thanks for your...非常感谢您...3、Please accept my sincere appreciation for...请接受我对...真挚的感谢
4、I am truly grateful to you for...为了...，我真心感激您
5、It was good(thoughtful)of you...承蒙好意（关心）...6、You were so kind to send...承蒙好意送来...7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.再次感谢您的盛情款待，并期待不久见到您
8、I find an ordinary “thank-you” entirely inadequate to tell you how much...我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地...9、I sincerely appreciate...我衷心地感谢...10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for...我对..深表谢意
【真题链接】Sorry, I am too busy now.If Ihad time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
【句型解读】该句型表示与现在、过去, 及将来事实可能相反的假设。其if从句的谓语形式分别为“过去时 (be用were) ”“had+过去分词”和“动词的过去时”/“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”;主句谓语形式分别为“would/should/might/could+动词原形”“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”和“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
【温馨提醒】
●“If it were not for…I/they…would...”句型意为“如果不是……/如果没有……/要不是……, 我/他 (它) 们……就会……”。其中, “If it were not for...”是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句, were不能用was来代替。主句用“would+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
●“If it had not been for…I/they…would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”句型意为“ (过去) 如果不是……/ (过去) 如果没有……/要不是 (过去) ……, 我/他 (它) 们……就 (可能) 会已经……”。其中, “If it had not been for...”是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。主句用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”表示虚拟语气。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.如果不是因为她不会唱歌, 我将会邀请她来参加聚会。
If___________the fact that she can'tsing, I would invite her to the party.
2.如果我的汽车性能更可靠些, 去年夏天我就会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去了。
If my car___________more reliable, I____________to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
Keys:1.it were not for 2.had been;wouldhave driven
句式二、用介词短语表达虚拟条件的句型
【句型解读】在英语中, 除了用if从句表示虚拟的情景外, 还可以用but for“要不是”和without“没有”等介词 (短语) 来表达虚拟的条件, 相当于条件状语从句。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
没有你的慷慨帮忙, 我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。
I couldnt have gone through that bitterperiod_____________your generous help.
Key:without/but for
句式三、宾语从句使用虚拟语气的句型
【句型解读】表示“建议 (suggest, advice, propose, recommend) 、要求 (demand, request, re-quire) 、命令 (order, command) ”等主观意向的动词后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成, 其中的should可以省略。
【温馨提醒】
●动词wish后接宾语从句时, 从句谓语动词可以根据对现在、将来、过去的虚拟愿望分别采用过去式 (be动词用were) 、“would/could+动词原形”“had+动词过去分词或could/would+have+动词过去分词”等形式。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.他们要求给予每个成年男子选举权。
They demanded that the right to vote__________ to every adult man.
2.彼得希望他读大学时学的是法律, 而不是文学。
Peter wishes that he__________lawinstead of literature when he was in college.
Keys:1. (should) be given 2.had studied
句式四、“it be+adj.+for/of sb.+to dosth.”句型
【真题链接】I thought it would be useful forrhim to learn Chinese at an early age.
【句型解读】结构中, 如果不定式前面的形容词说明不定式的特性, 其逻辑主语一般由for引出;若形容词是描写人的品德、素质的, 说明逻辑主语的特征, 如kind, honest, clever, wise, sensible, nice, thoughtful, brave, bold, foolish, stupid, wrong, cruel等, 则不定式的逻辑主语就用of引出。
【温馨提醒】
●有时不定式的动作执行者不是句子的主语, 此时就需要在不定式前面加一个名词或代词来充当其逻辑主语, 构成不定式的复合结构。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.我打算在大学学习艺术史, 因此访问法国对我来说是很重要的。
I plan to study history of art at university soit is important___________France.
2.我们认为他问那位女士的年龄是不礼貌的。
We think it impolite___________thelady her age.
Keys:1.for me to visit 2.of him to ask
句式五、“be+形容词+不定式”句型
【真题链接】Wewere astonished to findthe temple still in its original condition.
【句型解读】该句型中, 不定式位于作表语、表示心理活动或情绪的形容词后面, 作原因状语。
【温馨提醒】
●这样的形容词主要有:happy, kind, surprised, frightened, angry, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed, sorry, anxious, proud, clever, safe, dangerous, lucky, pleased, fortunate, right, astonished等。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
虽然看到我们很惊讶, 但是教授给了我们一个热烈的欢迎。
Though____________us, the professorgave us a warm welcome.
Key:surprised to see
句式六、“动词+it+宾语补足语 (adj./n) . (+for sb.) +不定式 (动名词或从句) ”句型
【真题链接】The fact that she was foreignmade it difficult for her to geta job in thatcountry.
【句型解读】当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时, 通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it, 而将真正的宾语移至句末, 构成该句型。
【温馨提醒】
●该句型中的动词通常是think, find, feel, believe, take, consider, make, suppose等。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.我们觉得让我们的国家成为一个更加美好的地方是我们的责任。
We____________our country a betterrplace.
2.这两个女孩长得很相似, 不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。
The two girls are so alike that strangers_________ one from the other.
Keys:1.feel it our duty to make 2.find itdifficult to tell
句式七、“动词 (have, take, put, like等) +it+that/when (if) 从句”句型
【真题链接】Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. (江苏卷)
【句型解读】“动词 (have, take, put, like等) +it+that从句”“动词 (enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等) +it+when (if) 从句”“动词 (see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for, rely on等) +it+that从句”三类结构中的形式宾语it无实际意义, 由于英文句法结构的需要, 其后没有宾语补足语。
【温馨提醒】
●“动词 (take it for granted, bring it tosb.’s attention, owe it to sb.等) +that从句”结构中的形式宾语it也无实际意义, 其后也没有宾语补足语。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑我将非常感谢。
I’d____________you would like to teachme how to use the computer.
2.你放心, 他会来接你的。
You may____________he’ll come to meetyou.
Keys:1.appreciate it if 2.rely on it that
句式八、“状语 (方向、地点、时间副词或表示方位、地点的介词短语) +不及物动词+主语 (名词) ”句型
【真题链接】There remainsa certain doubtamong the people as to the practical value of theproject.
【句型解读】主语是名词、谓语动词是be, remain, live, come, stand, lie, exist, go, run, rush, flee, walk等不及物动词时, here, there, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then等表示方向、地点、时间的副词放在句子的开头, 引起全部倒装, 描述一个生动的情景。
【温馨提醒】
●当谓语动词为be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等不及物动词, 表示方位、地点的介词短语作状语置于句首时, 或当主系表结构中由表地点的介词短语所作的表语置于句首时, 也使用该句型
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.有一会儿什么也没发生, 接着就有一阵欢呼声。
For a moment nothing happened, ____________all shouting together.
2.山脚下坐落着一个村庄。
_____________a village.
Keys:1.then came voices 2.At the foot of the mountain lies
句式九、以“only+状语”开头的句子使用倒装语序的句型
【句型解读】当only位于句首, 修饰、强调状语 (副词、介词短语、从句) 时, 句子的主体部分要用部分倒装语序, 即把其中的助动词或者情态动词提到主语的前面。
【温馨提醒】
●在强调句中, 被强调部分是only所修饰的状语时, 句子的主体部分不用倒装。例如:
It wasonly when I reread his poems recent-ly thatI began to appreciate their beauty.只是在最近我重读了他的诗, 我才开始欣赏他们的美。
●如果only修饰的是句子的其他成分, 则句子的主体部分也不用倒装。例如:
Only Cinderella’s foot fitperfectly and sothe prince chose to marry her.只有灰姑娘的脚完全吻合, 于是王子娶她。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
只有那时我才真正开始感谢爸爸和他的信仰。
____________I truly begin to appreciate Dad and his faith.
Key:Only then did
句式十、“It is/was+强调部分+who/that+其他成分”句型
【真题链接】It was in New Zealand thatElizabeth first met Mr.Smith.
【句型解读】该句式是强调句型。其中, it, that/who无词汇意义, it为强调词, 引出强调成分, that/who只起语法连接作用。
【温馨提醒】
●如果被强调的部分在句子中作主语且指人时, 用who或that来连接都可以, 如果是其他成分, 则一律用that来连接。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
首先想到骑车从沿湄公河源头到终点旅游的是我的姐姐。
_______________first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
Key:It was my sister that/who
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.事实上, 如果我们今天听到的话, 我们当然不能理解。
2.要不是约翰最近受伤了, 我们昨天就把他的名字填在比赛名单里了。
We would have put Johns name on the racelist yesterday___________his recent injury.
3.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了, 她父母建议她做一次体检。
Janes pale face suggested that she___________ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____________a medical examination.
4.医生认为您最好休个假。
The doctor thought it would be good_________a holiday.
5.我们认为他们在几周内完成生产计划是可能的。
We think it possible__________their production plan within a few weeks.
6.当她1960年来到贡贝时, 对女性来说住进大森林是件罕见的事情。
When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, itwas unusual___________in the forest.
7.我讨厌人们满嘴含着食物说话。
I_________people talk with their mouthsfull.
8.我喜欢秋天清爽明朗的日子。
I__________in the autumn_________theweather is clear and bright.
9.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处是重庆——中国最大的城市之一。
10.重要的不是谁是对的, 而是什么才是对的。
I like your sense of humor. 我喜欢你的幽默感。
I’m glad to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你。
I’ll call you. 我会打电话给你。
I feel like sleeping/taking a walk. 我想睡/散步。
I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西。
I need you help. 我需要你的帮助。
I would like to talk to you for a minute. 我想和你谈一下。
I see what you mean. 我了解你的意思。
I can’t do this. 我不能这么做。
Let me explain why I was late. 让我解释迟到的理由。
Are you sure you can come by at nine? 你肯定你九点能来吗?
Am I allowed to stay out past 10? 我可以十点过后再回家吗?
What is your plan? 你的计划是什么?
Tom’s birthday is this week. 汤姆的生日就在这个星期。
Would you care to see it/sit down for a while? 你要不要看/坐一会呢?
Do you mind if I take tomorrow off? 你介意我明天请假吗?
I enjoy working with you very much. 我很喜欢和你一起工作。
Let’s get together for lunch. 让我们一起吃顿午餐吧。
How did you do on your test? 你这次考试的结果如何?
Do you think you can come? 你认为你能来吗?
How was your weekend? 你周末过得怎么样?
Here is my card. 这是我的名片。
I guess I could come over. 我想我能来。
How about going out for dinner? 出去吃晚餐如何?
I know what you want. 我知道你想要什么。
Is that why you don’t want to go home? 这就是你不想回家的原因吗?
It’s not as cold/hot as it was yesterday. 今天不像昨天那么冷/热。
It looks very nice. 看起来很漂亮。
Thanks for taking me to the movie. 谢谢你带我去看电影。
I am too tired to speak. 我累得说不出话来。
Would you tell me your phone number? 你能告诉我你的电话号码吗?
Where did you learn to speak English? 你从哪里学会说英语的呢?
I was wondering if you were doing anything this weekend.
我想知道这个周末你有什么要做。
May I have your attention please? 请大家注意一下。
I hope our dreams come true. 我希望我们的梦想成真。
How do you like Hong Kong? 你觉得香港怎么样?
How long will it take to get to your house? 到你家要多久?
（一）段首句
1.关于„„人们有不同的观点。一些人认为„„
There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that ____.2.俗话说（常言道）„„，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍
然适用。
There is an old saying______.Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3.现在，„„，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，„„；其次，„„。更为
糟糕的是„„。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.现在，„„很普遍，许多人喜欢„„，因为„„，另外（而且）„„。
Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.5.任何事物都是有两面性，„„也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.关于„„人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）„„，在他们看来，„„
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题„„，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8.„„已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.8.„„在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许 多好处，但同时也
引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.9.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出„„。很显
然„„，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?
英语写作万能公式
1． 开头万能公式一： 经典句型： A proverb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that„
2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型： A recent statistics shows that „写作绝招
结尾万能公式：
1． 结尾万能公式一：
比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that„, Therefore, we can find that„
2． 结尾万能公式二： Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.3． 揭示主题： As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.4．To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一 二 三原则1first, second, third, last（俗）2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（俗）3）the first, the second, the third, the last（俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（俗）5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
用短语，比如： I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the
room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
六、多变句式原则 1）加法（串联）都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角）批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so）昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友„可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away„
5）附加（多此一举）如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。6）排比（排山倒海句）文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our
potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏）要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！
七、挑战极限原则 既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！写作绝招 文章主体段落三大杀手锏：
一、举实例 思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as
sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they film him or her 更多句型： To take„as an example, One example is„,Another example is„, for example
二、做比较 方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的； 世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语： 相似的比较： in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较： on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with „, „ 这个对 compare and contrast 题型很有用
三、换言之 没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have
句子写的好坏，是文章写作成败的关键。以下一些惯用句型，实用性较强。
一。开头句型：
1． As far as…is concerned,… 就……而论
When it comes to sth/doing sth.当谈论到……
1)As far as the role of information in the future is concerned, I believe that information will
play a more and more important part in people’s decision-making.2)As far as what was mentioned above is concerned, how can we ignore the advantages
travelling brings forth?
就前面所提及的而言，我们怎么可以忽视旅游带来的裨益呢？
2． It goes without saying that… 不用说
1)It goes without saying that practice makes perfect.2)It goes without saying that reading makes a full man.3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定的说
1)It can …… that cultivating a hobby can add fun to our life.2)It can ….… that because of the knowledge, we can now enjoy a comfortable life which is
brought about by advanced technology.可以肯定地说，正由于知识我们才能享受科技进步所带来的舒适生活。
4.As the proverb says, … 有句谚语说
As the saying gose, … 俗话说
As the saying puts it, … 俗话说
1)As the proverb says, “Honesty is the best policy.” 诚实为上策。
2)As………goes, “Diligence makes up for deficiencies.” 俗话说：“勤能补拙”。
3)An English proverb says, “Lost time is never found again.”
英国有句谚语说的好：“光阴如流水，一去不复回。”
5.It has to be noticed that …必须注意的是……
1)It has to be noticed that the air we breathe is already seriously polluted by the exhaust
factories and vehicles give off.必须注意的是：我们呼吸的空气已经被工厂和交通工具所释放的废气严重污染了。
2)It has to be noticed that market all over the country are swamped with fake and poor
quality products and this has greatly harmed the state’s interests and people’s health.必须注意的是：假冒伪劣的产品充斥全国市场，这种情况大大损害了国家利益和人民的健康。
6.It’s generally recognized that … 人们普遍认为
1)It’s generally recognized that college students shouldn’t try to reach after what is beyond
their grasp when they choose to find a good job after graduation.人们普遍认为大学生在大学毕业后想找一个好工作时，不应该追求超出他们能力以外的目标。
2)It’s generally recognized that lazy hands makes a man poor, while diligent hands bring1
wealth.人们普遍认为：懒惰招贪，而勤能致富。
7.It’s likely that…很可能
Chances are that … 很可能
1)It’s likely that different people will hold different opinion/views about money.2)Chances are that sooner or later your lie will be found out and it’ll then expose you to
shame.很可能你的谎话迟早会被人发现，使你处于耻辱的境地。
8.It’s hardly too much to say that… 毫不夸大地说
1)It’s ………that timely participation in social practice will benefit college students
throughout their life.毫不夸张的说，大学生适时地参加社会实践将会使他们终身受益。
2)It’s …………that one of the most urgent problems facing the people in the near future
will come form the rapid growth of population.毫不夸张地说，在不远的将来人们所面临的最紧迫的问题将来自于人口的急剧增加。
9.It’s well known that… 众所周知
1)It’s well known that that health is the foundation of one’s future success.健康是一个人未来成功的基础。
2)It’s well known that that Chinese is referred to as “The kingdom of Bicycles”.Wherever
you go, you may see people riding on bicycles.众所周知，中国被称为“自行车王国”，不管你走到哪里，都能看见人们骑着自行车。
10.It must be emphasized that… 必须强调的是。。
It’s………that if you don’t acquire a large vocabulary, you can’t improve your reading ability.11.There is no doubt that …… 毫无疑问；无可否认
There is no denying the fact that… 毫无疑问；无可否认
1)There is …… that countries with undeveloped education will remain poor.无可否认，教育不发达的国家，将仍然是贫困的。
2)There is …… that spoken English is very important in the modern society.12.Nothing is more important than the fact that… 最重要的事实是
Nothing is more important than the fact that we are now faced with the serious problem of unemployment.13.What’s far more important is that… 更重要的是……
1)Regardless of the pay, I think what is far more important is that I can really know a lot about the society from my part-time job.不考虑收入问题，我认为更重要的是，我能从我的业余工作中了解许多社会知识。
2)What’s far more important is that watching TV helps me broaden my mind and adds much
to my knowledge of the world.更重要的是，看电视有助于我扩大眼界，增加对世界的了解。
14.With the development of …随着……的发展
With the development of technology, we may turn to computers to do a lot of creative work.二.衔接转折句型
1.A case in point is… 恰当的例子是……
1）A case in point is that we won’t have pure water or fresh air which are necessary to our lives
because of the pollution.恰当的例子是, 由于污染，我们将无法拥有生命所需要的纯净水和新鲜空气。
2)A case in point is that when you are studying abroad you can’t see your family and friends
when you are missing them, while there will be no such problem when you studying at home.2.As is often the case, …情况往往如此 ……
As is often the case，there are so many temptations in the society that if we have a little carelessness, we may be misled.情况往往如此,稍有不慎，就会误入歧途。
3.As stated in the previous paragraph, …如前段所述……
As has been mentioned above, …如上所述
As has been mentioned above, spoken English is very important, therefore, many people begin to study English again.4.In spite of the fact…尽管……
1)In spite of the fact that there are many wealthy men who have little education, education is vital to the development of an individual in this more and more advanced society.尽管有许多富人没有受过什么教育，但在不断进步的社会中，教育对个人的发展是至关重要的。
2)In spite of the fact that computers are taking over some of the tasks that were once
accomplished by our own brains, they are nothing but machines and they will never take the place of man.尽管计算机正在接替我们一度用大脑完成的工作，但是它们只不过是机器而已，决不会代替人。
5．However, the difficulty lies in …然而问题在于……
1)However, the difficulty lies in how we can bring the rapid population increase under
control.2)However, the difficulty lies in how to dispose of the wastes in a way that will not
endanger the environment.使之不危害环境的方式处理。
6.In view of the present situation, …鉴于目前形势……
In view of the present situation，measures of the following should be taken: pollution standards are made to keep down poisons;killing off certain rare species is prohibited;national parks should be set up as wild life reserves.鉴于目前形势，人们应采取以下措施：制定污染标准以降低有害物质；严禁杀害某些稀有物种；应修建国家公园作为野生动物保护区。
7.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is…
然而我们还要看到事物的另一面，即：……
（Some other people look at the other side of the coin, …）
The development of science and technology will bring great benefit both to our everyday life and to our work.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is, this development is sure to bring about some new problems we have never encounter before.虽然科学的发展对我们的日常生活和工作都将带来巨大的利益，但是我们还需要看到事物的另一面，即: 这一发展一定也会带来一些我们过去未曾遇到过的新问题。
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying that … 最后我要说的是 ……
I will conclude by saying that we must practise more to improve our spoken English.2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that… 因此，我们有理由相信……
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that man will make greater progress in environmental protection after laws have been established to protect our natural resources and to stop the environment pollution.因此我们有理由相信在制定法律保护自然资源和防止环境污染后，人类在环保方面还将取得更大的进步。
3.All things considered, …总而言之
1)All things considered，we college students must learn as many kinds of knowledge as we can during our stay at university, or we can’t meet the future needs and can’t be what we are expected to be.总而言之，我们大学生必须在大学期间尽力学习各种知识，否则，我们将不能满足未来的需要，也不能适应未来对我们的要求。
2)All things considered, the housing problem is very complicated, involving many other problems such as traffic, so you cannot rely on only one way to solve the problem completely.总而言之，住房问题非常复杂，它牵涉到许多其它问题，如交通，你不能只靠一种方法就可以把住房问题完全解决。
4.It may be safely said that…可以有把握的说
It may be safely said that more and more women will play an important role in political, social and economic life.可以有把握的说，越来越多的妇女将在政治，社会和经济生活中起着重要作用。
常用短语类：
1．表示列举：
首先：first, firstly, first of all, in the first place, to begin with, to start with, on the one hand;第二，其次：second, secondly, in the second place, besides, then, next, in addition, at the same
time, on the other hand, furthermore, moreover, what’s more;
e.g.In the first place, tourism enables us the know about the outside world.…
2.表示举例：
for example, for instance, such as, like, and so on, and so forth, take…as an example;
e.g.Let’s take the library on campus as example, the library on campus is often equipped with
computers which store information about different categories of reference books.3.表示原因：
because = in that（接句子）, because of, due to, owing to, as a result of;
e.g.College students should learn about society outside campus, in that it will
broaden our mind.4.表示结果：
so, therefore, as a result, thus, for this reason, so…that…;
5.表示对照，比较：
the same as, be similar to, like, as… as…, similarly, in the same way, just as, more…than,less …than, although, while, be contrary to, on the contrary, in(by)contrast, but, though, however, on the other hand;
6.表示定义：
mean, refer to, according to, be defined as, what I mean by… is that…, in this case;e.g.Luck refers to moments of good fortune that happen in our daily life.According to my understanding, a friend means one who can share our sorrows and double
our joys.7.表示结论（尾）：
to sum up, in sum, all in all, in a word, in brief, in short, in other words, as has been mentioned
1.As far as ...is concerned
2.It goes without saying that...
3.It can be said with certainty that...
4.As the proverb says，
5.It has to be noticed that...
6.It`s generally recognized that...
7.It`s likely that ...
8.It`s hardly that...
9.It’s hardly too much to say that...
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...
13.what’s far more important is that...
二.衔接句型
A case in point is ...
As is often the case...
As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述
But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
But it’s a pity that...
For all that...In spite of the fact that...
Further, we hold opinion that...
? However , the difficulty lies in...
Similarly, we should pay attention to...
? not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是
In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
? As has been mentioned above...
? In this respect, we may as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说
? However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即
三.结尾句型
I will conclude by saying...
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...
All things considered,总而言之
It may be safely said that...
Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...
? From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….
? The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….
? It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
? From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
四.举例句型
Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明
let’s take the above chart as an example to
illustrate this.
语言实践是英语教学的重要组成环节;实践也是产生兴趣的一个重要组成部分, 同时是英语教学的一种方式。英语是一门实践性很强的工具课。应该在课堂中可以采取多种形式的语言交际活动进行教学, 言语练习应体现系统性、科学性和层次性。随着中国外语教学研究的快速发展, 英语学习以及教学法受到越来越多的关注, 尤其是对教学方法的探索更是呈现出多元化的趋势。众多教育学家和英语教师频频将研究的重点聚焦在如何在传统教学法与现代交际教学法之间寻求平衡。而今教育研究者发现单独运用传统教学法或现代教学法都是不适于各种英语教学的。Harvey认为人们所说的传统教学方法和技巧与现代EFL (English as a foreign language) 课堂教学方法在教学中结合未必是不可行的, 如果认为两者互相排斥, 是很荒谬的。事实上研究者们越来越清楚地认识到没有一种单一的教学法可以解决目标语言教学的所有问题。由此可见EFL教师需要做的就是将新旧教学法相结合。在传统教学方法中, 句型练习已经使用了很久, 并一度因其效度受到质疑。然而, 鉴于语言的本质与中国学生的学习特点, 这种传统方法在英语课堂教学中仍然是有用武之地的。听说法的基础是行为学理论认为语言学习主要是在形成一套固定的习惯, 也就是在某种句法框架之下, 环境或言语之类的刺激因素所能引发的一整套反应。另一方面, 正如Chomsky所说的:语言是生成的。存在于每个人大脑中的不是日常交流所需要的每一个表达方式, 而是由一套规则所组成的语言体系。因此语言学习者真正应该习得的是一种语言的规则, 而不完全是日常交流中所需要的所有表达方式。重视语法的生成层面对将其运用于实际交流是非常重要的。在一定程度上, 语法难学是因为其相对抽象, 而句型练习则将理论规则转变成具体的句子表达。当学生完成了句型操练、并在不同的语境中有了充分的机会使用这些句型时, 他们就会准备好进入下一个阶段——在实际交流中使用这些句子结构。
2 英语句型教学中存在的问题
句型就是具有代表性的、常用性的句子模式或模型。英语句型就如同数学中的公式一样, 具有相对稳定的结构和规则。可是, 从教学方面来看, 听说在课堂句型教学中所占课时少, 英语教学中仍然倾向于注重阅读、语法及词汇讲解;对听说教学重视不够, 没有通盘计划, 学期之间没有明确分工。从学生方面来看, 他们的英语基础不好, 习惯于眼睛阅读, 往往把英语当作一种知识来学, 忽视了听说能力的训练;英语听说读写译几项能力发展不平衡, 听说能力很差。
3 听说法在句型教学中的具体应用
言语行为可以贯穿在教学活动中。它能制造一种人人渴望了解信息的心理需求, 使学生带着填补信息空缺的渴望去接受信息。听话人既获得了信息, 又学会了语言;而且渴求获得信息的心态会促进语言的理解和吸收, 有利于语言的学习。从传递信息一方来看, 为了准确完整地表述信息, 讲述者会尽力发挥其语言能力, 在听话人信息反馈的监控下, 不断修正自己的语言, 从而以较高的质量完成交际。这种听说活动有利于培养学生创造性运用语言的能力。教师可以每天安排一定的时间让学生进行“每日一句”的操练, 或进行每日对话练习, 例如学“asking the way”的句型时就可让学生根据所在地, 两人一组编成对话, 一问一答, 这样学生既掌握了句型, 又锻炼了口头表达能力, 也提高了说的兴趣。英语教学中词汇多、语法多、句型多、感觉枯燥, 教师要努力增强语言的新鲜感, 使原本枯燥呆板的语言变成生动活泼的语言。如:在学习句型I prefer?时, 学生说多了会感到乏味, 教师可以让学生猜一猜老师喜欢什么 (You prefer?) , 其他人喜欢什么 (She/He prefers) , 学生的答案会五花八门, 教室里就会活跃起来, 想猜的学生越来越多, 这时又可以让学生结对子猜, 使枯燥乏味的英语变得生动、富有活力, 让学生乐于接受。例如“He was born on December23rd, 1987. (他出生于1987年12月23日。) ”表达的是某人于某年月日出生, 句型结构是“Somebody was/were born on....”, 我们可以通过自由替换, 增或减句子中的任一项来扩大表达的范围, 表示一个特定时间的某一事件。很显然这种替换并没有改变句子的句式结构, 只是其中一些义项的简单变化, 在实际教学中, 可以通过这种替换训练培养学生对句子本身的理解。这样, 不仅同学们学会了句型的灵活变换, 而且极大地激发了他们学习英语的积极性。在学语法句型时, 诗歌形式也很有效, 如在学虚拟语气的句型时, 可以把它写进诗歌中, 化难为易, 变抽象为具体, 给学生充分的想象空间, 这样既操练了句型, 又使学生感到无限的乐趣。由于语言学习是一种双向的活动, 在语言习得中学习者的学习风格与习惯是必须要考虑的。以中国学生为例, 他们在学习外语时, 通常对语言结构与语言细节表现出极大的兴趣。因此, 教授中国学生英语, 适当地语法分析是很有必要的, 尤其适用于初学者。而听说法在句型教学中的应用可以有效地帮助学生熟悉词汇和句型。思想的表达与理解多数情况下是以句子为单位的, 而极少通过单个的词汇来实现。只有在具体的上下文中, 词汇才有意义。赋予句型练习一定的语境。应将句型放在体现其基本应用功能的语境中来进行听说练习。传统的句型练习往往与现实生活中的交际脱节, 句子彼此之间不相关联。因此, 当学习者操练这些句型时, 并不是在进行真实的交流。这种孤立的练习使得学生记住目标语言的语法结构, 却没有提供相关的语境, 因此对学习者来说意义不大。语言学习的过程变得单调而无用。教师需要将听说与句型练习与实际应用结合。这恰恰使传统EFL教学长久以来所忽略的, 即实现语言教学的交际目的。语法教学中, 使教学情景和教学材料尽可能的真实, 是非常重要的。英语教学中听说领先的特点, 贯穿于整个英语教学的会过程中。在句型教学中, 更应如此, 句型要凭借听说来学会, 再通过反复操练, 达到熟练掌握。听说能力同属于口语能力, 初级阶段的句型是按口语要求总结出的, 而口语活动是在具体的交际情景中进行的, 所以操练句型也应紧密结合交际情景进行。这样在句型教学中听说能力及情景对话能力的训练及运用是必不可少的。教师在进行整句听, 整句教, 整句用的同时, 比学生先听, 而后借助情景与上下文联系, 使学生易于理解。学生把句子和它表达的情意直接联系起来, 听到句子就能想到情景;看到情景, 就能很快说出相应的句子。
小结
通过听说法演练句型教学, 对学生不断提高英语会话、交流、表达和写作的能力都具有十分重要的意义。可以说, 听说法就是英语句型教学过程中的一把钥匙, 可以达到举一反三、触类旁通的效果, 对英语教学具有提纲挈领的意义。英语句型是模式化的, 为语言交流和书面表达服务。因此, 掌握和模仿大量的英语句型, 可以逐步培养并形成学生的英语语感, 为其正常的英语会话打好基础。
摘要：英语句型在英语教学中具有十分重要的作用。让学生掌握英语句型并使之成为他们进行英语会话、阅读和写作的工具, 具有十分重要的实践意义。听说法在英语句型教学中的应用为句型教学的发展和完善提供了一定借鉴。
关键词：听说法,英语句型教学,EFL
参考文献
[1]王才仁.英语教学交际论[M].南宁:广西教育出版社, 1996.
[2]王金花.浅谈英语词汇教学[J].大同职业技术学院学报, 2005 (3) .
[3]杨连瑞.英语教学论[M].济南:山东大学出版社, 1993.
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