初中英语现在完成试题(共10篇)
1、现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。
①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为’ve/’s。
e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’s
②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。
③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。
2、现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。(在助动词have/has后+not,可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t)
e.g. I haven’t had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。(将助动词have/has提前,答语一般用have, has回答)
e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
否定回答还可以用:No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。(疑问词+一般疑问句)
e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?
3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。
(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 你吃过午饭没?有,吃过了,我刚刚吃的。(影响及结果:我现在饱了,不需要了)
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。(影响及结果:他人现在不在这里了)
该用法常already(已经), never(从不), ever(曾经), yet(仍然), just(刚刚), before(以前)等副词(作状语)连用。
① already, just, ever, never常用于助动词之后,实义动词之前。 already, just多用于肯定陈述句。
e.g. She has already finished her work. 她早已干完了活。
Would you like to go to see the film? No, I’ve seen it already.不,我已经看过了。(already偶尔会出现于句末)
They have just won a game. 他们刚刚赢了一场比赛。
有时already可以用于疑问句,表示期待肯定回答,或表示惊讶、意外。
e.g. Have you finished reading the book already? 你真的已经读完这本书了?(表示惊讶)
ever多用于疑问句,问初次经历。
e.g. Have you ever spoken to a foreigner? 你跟外国人讲过话吗?(问初次经历)
never多用于否定陈述句(注:本身表示否定意义)
e.g. He has never done such a thing, has he? 他从来没有做过这样的事,不是吗?(否定)
② yet一般用于疑问句(已经)或否定句(还),常位于句末。
e.g. Have you got ready yet? 你已经准备好了吗? He hasn’t finished his homework yet. 他还没完成作业。
③ before一般位于句末。
e.g. I have never seen the film before. 以前我从未看过那部电影。 现在完成时的第一种用法常与以上的副词连用,因此这些词有时可以作为现在完成时的标志词。
(2) 现在完成时的第二个基本用法表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。该用法常和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。
①与for +一段时间连用,表示多久。
e.g. He has learned English for two years. 他已经学习两年英语了。
I have been here for three days. 我在这里已经3天了。
②与since +时间(起点)连用,表示自…以来。
e.g. His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自1991年以来都在这家工厂工作。
I’ve had a cold since last Friday. 自上星期五起我就感冒了。
③与since +一段时间+ ago连用,表示自…以前就…。
e.g. Jim has waited there since half an hour ago. 吉姆自半个小时前就已经在那里等候了。
He has stayed here since three weeks ago. 他在这儿已呆了三个星期。
④与since +从句(从句用一般过去时)连用,表示自某事发生后就一直…。
e.g.The Greens have lived in Beijng since they came to China. 格林一家自从来到中国后就一直住在北京。
I’ve known her since I came to work here. 自从我来这里工作就认识他了。
(3) 现在完成时的第三个基本用法表示到现在为止这一时期中多次动作的总和或所做过的工作的量的积累。
e.g. I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。
We’ve learnt five English songs this year. 今年我们学了五首英语歌曲。
How many pages of the book have you read? 这本书你读了多少页了?
4、延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用。
(1)有一些动词是瞬间动词,也叫非延续性动词,这些动词一发生就结束了,常见的有:come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时(说明某个动作的结果还存在),但由于它们不能延续,因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。(也即现在完成时的第二个基本用法中不能使用非延续性动词)。
e.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已经回来了。
Jim has come back for a month. (误) come back的动作不能延续一个月,因此错误。
(2)瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中,因此,若要解决这一问题,就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语,主要有以下几种:
①用相应的延续性动词
如: buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold ②转换成be+名词
如: join → be a member of go to school → be a student ③转换成be+形容词或副词
如: die → be dead leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over fall asleep — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed ④转换成be+介词短语
如: come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army → be in the army(军队)
e.g. I have borrowed the book. 我已经借了那本书。
I have kept the book for two days. 我已经借那本书两天了。
Jim has joined the band. 吉姆已经加入那乐队了。
Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。
His grandfather has died. 他祖父已经死了。
His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已经死了两年了。
My father has arrived in China. 我父亲已经到达中国了。
My father has been in China for a week. 我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。
(3)在否定句中,非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。
e.g. I haven’t borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。
Jim hasn’t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。
6、现在完成时的几种常见的句型转换。
现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时,还可以转化成“It is/has been +时间段+since从句(用一般过去时)”等句型。
e.g. Jim has been back for a month. 吉姆已经回来一个月了。 = Jim came back a month ago. 吉姆一个月前就回来了
= It is/has been a month since Jim came back. 自吉姆回来已经有一个月了。 = A month has passed since Jim came back. I have kept the book for two days. = I borrowed the book two days ago.
= It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book. = Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.
7、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响,它和现在有密切的联系。现在完成时经常会出现下列的标志词。
如:already, yet, just, ever, never, several times, before, so far, for +时间段, since +时间点或从句等。一般过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点,不涉及对现在的影响,所以凡含有表示过去的时间状语的句子,都必须用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。
初中英语轻松学的方法
闲来无事唱首歌
不管是英语课前还是你准备开始学英语之前,你都可以唱首英文歌来热身。当然要选择那些容易理解的歌。这个简单有意思的活动会帮助你放松自己,迅速使大脑集中在英语上。因为在学习英语的时候,保持放松的心态是非常重要的,它可以帮助你激活你的创造力,而创造力会帮助你在操练英语的时候想起更多的例子。
写一段英语练练笔
如果你马上要开始复习英语了,先别急着翻开书本。而是随意写一段英文,可以是关于你的朋友的,你的一天,你的爱好等等,什么都可以。和唱英文歌一样,练笔可以帮助你很快进入到英语状态,同时也可以巩固你的知识。
读一本好的英文书
小说可以帮助你了解西方文化,杂志可以帮助你接触到最鲜活的语言。不管读什么都可以帮助你提高英语能力。注意,不要选择太难的读物,遇到生词的时候也不要立即停下来查字典,而是设法根据上下文猜测词义。即使你非常想知道某个词的意思,也要等到读完一页或一个章节的时候再查。
激活你的词汇
词汇只有通过使用来巩固,因此无论是口语还是写作的练习中,有意识地使用刚刚学过的词汇是非常重要的。比如你想说说关于度假的话题,就可以先回忆一下上次你是在哪里度假的?你最喜欢的事情是什么?有那些词汇可以描述风景,心情,又有哪些词汇可以把动作描述得更为准确?
激活你的语法
结合学过的语法项目,可以稍微做一下回顾。比如本学期学了哪些句型?当我们回顾定语从句的时候,首先就要知道什么是关系代词,什么是关系副词。当我们学习名词性从句时,也应该懂得哪些从句的陈述句可以省略that,哪些不可以省。当我们学习一般过去时的时候,不仅可以描述一下上周末做过的事情,而且可以思考一下它和现在完成时的区别。如果把学英语的人比喻成建筑师的话,词汇是砖瓦,语法则是架构。由此可见,没有正确的架构,是建不起高楼的。
每天都要学英语
天天接触到英语很重要。不过别误会,我可不是让大家只学英语。每天30分钟比一周一次但持续4个小时要好得多。持续时间短但频率高会帮助你的大脑永远为英语保鲜。
一、初中阶段英语现在完成时教学现状分析
在初中阶段英语语法教学过程当中,现在完成时属于重点以及难点部分,因为此时态涉及到了过去、现在。现在完成时强调过去发生的一个动作,然而,动作对现在产生了影响。从当前实际教学情况来看,学生对一般过去式、现在完成时常常会产生混淆,无法做到正确掌握、理解,极易产生错误。在英语语法教学过程当中,同现在完成时有着密切的联系,学生在学习中常常会产生困惑。因而,教师需要对两种语法进行对比分析,引导学生发现语法差异。
二、初中阶段英语现在完成时教学分析
(1)对时态实际意义做到准确掌握。现在完成时教学过程中,需要让学生明白,这一时态旨在用过去动作说明现在情况。从动作这一角度来看,强调是过去发生的一种动作,但是,并没有对动作发生时间予以说明,也没有强调动作情境。从实际意义这一角度来看,现在完成时强调的是当前情况。例如Ihavealreadycanceledthepictures.这个句子强调了过去某个动作对现在造成的影响。
(2)利用课堂教学情境促使学生进一步理解现在完成时。在初中阶段英语现在完成时教学过程当中,教师可以利用课堂教学情境促使学生进一步理解现在完成时。例如教师走向教室门去关窗户时可以说:“I am going to close the window.”窗户关起后说:“Ihave closed the window.”教师说完这两个句子之后,再将句子板书到黑板上,对句子中的谓语动词进行适当标注,谓语动词标注过后再借助句子形式讲解现在完成时相关的教学知识点。现在完成时态意味着说话前,关窗户这一动作就已完成。学生在有了一定概念认识之后,让学生进行动作演示,将关着的窗户再打开,学生在这一动作进行过程中,教师可以说出相关英语句子:“She hasopenedthewindow.”将所述句子在黑板上进行板书,并且标注谓语动词,hasopened意味着当前窗户是开着的。通过这种教学方式的采用,让学生对现在完成时这一语法知识形成一个直观印象,在此基础之上开展语法教学,促使学生在语法理解上更加简单。
(3)加强学生练习。对于现在完成时相关知识点来说,教师需要适度进行语法练习。因而,这就对教师教学提出了更高的要求。在实际教学过程当中,教师应当让学生做一些模仿练习,通过简单操作练习方式使得学生对语法知识点做到进一步巩固。题目练习可以采用以下几种方式:第一种是开放式练习,开放式练习针对的是一些英语基础较好的学生,这些学生在学习能力方面、知识接受能力方面都比较好,所以教师可以引导学生创造一些富有创新特点的句子。第二种是半开放式练习,这种练习方式需要教师板书出时间短语、过去分词形式动词,通过这种教学方式的采用,学生在基础知识方面、接受知识能力方面、理解能力方面都有积极的推动作用,能促使学生的英语素养有所提高。
(4)教师对课前准备活动引起高度重视。在初中阶段现在完成时教学过程当中,教师应当有意识地为学生布置好学习任务,通过这种方式的采用,使得学生能够依据英语教学内容做好自习工作。教科书中涉及的新单词或者是重点词汇需要在课前给学生指出,促使学生更好地掌握语法结构。在课堂教学中,将班级学生划分成小组进行学习,采用这种方式能够树立学生合作意识,借助分组学习方式进而提高学生责任意识。
(5)教学布置环节应当做到正确、合理。课堂上可以采用小组竞争方式,教学过程前制定好游戏规则,在课堂上运用提问方式使学生掌握现在完成时的相关语法知识点。师生间的互动能够促使学生在知识了解方面更加深入,并且通过这种教学方式的采用能提高教师的课堂教学质量。英语教学过程旨在对学生所掌握知识做到进一步巩固、深化,因而,课堂教学结束之后,教师应当让学生对语法内容做好规律总结工作,从而掌握语法重点、难点,引导学生对课堂问题进行深入思考,问题未能得到高效解决时可以在班级中讨论。
【关键词】现在完成时;英语教学
由于现在学生普遍对语法产生为难情绪,觉得语法枯燥难懂。在初中英语的语法教学中就应当多对语法项目进行总结,使繁杂的语法条目变得清晰,而且易懂易记。
一、 用法(动作或事实发生在过去与现在有联系)
1、影响,结果 (already/yet)
表示动作发生在过去,但对现在造成有一定的影响和结果。常用的时间状语:already,yet等,其中要注意already/yet 的用法区别,already(“已经”用于肯定句的句中或句尾),yet(①“已经”用于疑问句的句尾。②“还”用于否定句的句尾)。
I have finished my work already. 我已经完成了我的工作。
(对现在造成的影响和结果:我已经没事了。)
2、 持续,延续(since/for)
表示动作发生在过去一直持续到现在,并且有可能延续到将来(也可能到此结束)。常和for/since等表示一段时间的状语连用。since+过去的时间点,如since1980, since I went to college; for+时间段, 如for ten years, for five days, for a long time等。
She has taught here since 2003.她自2003年就在这儿教书。(可能还将继续)
另外要注意含有for+时间段或since+过去的时间点这样时间状语的完成时,有延续性与动态的特点,所以使用的动词不可以瞬间完成,如come,arrive,buy等动词不能与for/since表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:leave 变为be away, arrive变为be here, go out 变为be out,begin(start)变为be on, die 变为be dead, come back变为be back, fall ill(sick,asleep) 变为be ill(sick,asleep), get up变为be up, finish变为 be over, begin to study变为study, put on 变为wear/be on, open 变为be open, come to work变为work, close变为 be closed, go to school变为be a student, borrow 变为keep, buy 变为have, catch(a cold) 变为 have(a cold), get to know 变为know等等。
3、经历,经验(ever/never)
表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事或表示曾经发生过一次或多次的动作,现在已经成为一种经验,常与twice(两次), never(“从不”位于句中);ever (“曾经”位于肯定句和疑问句的句中)等时间状语连用。I have been to Shanghai twice. 我曾去过上海两次。
二.注意事项
1、注意区分现在完成时和一般过去时
现在完成时:表示动作发生在过去一直持续到现在,并且有可能延续到将来;强调对现在的影响和结果。一般过去时:表示动作发生的时间在过去。不强调对现在的影响。
试比较:
I’ve lived in Beijing for ten years. 我在北京住了10年了(现在仍住那儿)
I lived in Beijing for ten years. 我在北京住过10年。(现在不住那了)
2、注意区分have been to 和have gone to的用法
两者均可后接地点,have been to表示曾经去过某地,现在已经不在那儿了。前者表示去过某地,通常可与just, ever, never或twice, three times等表示次数的状语连用;have gone to 表示到某地去了还没回来,句子的主语多为第三人称。例如:
I have just been to the bank. 我刚才去银行了。
注:若其后接副词时,则不用to.如:
He has been abroad many times. 他曾多次出国。
3、注意可用和不可用的时间状语
现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去时的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last month, in 2003, two years ago等.。可用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如before, up to now, just, the past few years等。例如:
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
还可用表示现在范畴的时间状语,如now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等
例如:
How many times have you been there this month?
这个月你去过那里几次?
语法是人们从实践中总结出来的规律,英语语法教学一方面要使学生正确理解和掌握语法知识,另一方面要使他们通过听、说、读、写等活动能够自由地运用语法。目前中学很多英语语法课堂的教学活动形式和种类比较单一,学生觉得语法课学习较为乏味,进而课堂学习效率较低。为了提高教学质量和效果,应该将语法课讲出新意,通过各种形式的活动让学生愿意学,能学会,会应用。 “Tell me and I forget; Show me and I’ll remember; Involve me and I understand.” 只有我们在教学中多想办法,让学生参与其中才能使语法教学更有意义。
参考文献:
[1]胡春洞.英语教学法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
[2]国家教育部.英语课程标准.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
In the morning,we taking an early bus to Nanhui.
It is quite a colorful world.There are green trees,orange leaves,red peach blossoms.
At noon,we reaching the place,we sitting by the river bank and taking out a lot of things,such as bread,orange juice,apples,cakes,eggs and so on.
But all of a sudden,it begining to rain.Unluckily there is no shelter nearby.
擂台赛一:两种完成时的主要用法
A现在完成时的主要用法:
1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一对现在造成的影响或结果的动作。列如:-Have you had your lunch yet?
-Yes, I have just had it.
2)表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态。可以表示从过去从某一事可延续到现在(包括”现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用.此时动词多是延续性动词。列如:
I have been at this school for 2 years.
-I am sorry to keep you waiting.
-Oh, not at all.I have been here only few minutes.
B过去完成时的主要用法如下:
1)过去完成时至一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成或结束,即发生在”过去的过去”。列如:
When I woke up,it has stop raining.
2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才能使用。
He told me he had written a new book.
3)过去完成时通常需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 alreadly/yet/still/before/just/never等时间adv及 by/at/before/unti等引导词的组或从句连用。
Before dark yesterday we had repaired all the broken desks.
4)过去完成时某一动作或状态在过去某时间之前已经开始,一直延续到这已过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。
By the end of last year he had taught in this school for 20 years.
5)在wish引导的宾语从句中,若表示过去的一种难以实现的愿望时,常用过去完成时。
I wish had not made a single mistake in last eaxm.
6)动词如hope/expect/think/mean/suppose/want 等后接不定式或宾语从句,若表示过去为实现的愿望,打算或意图,尝使用过去完成时,其后的分句则通常用一般过去时。
I had wanted to see you,butI was too busy to get away.
擂台赛二 两种时态的判断依据
A.现在完成时的判断依据:凡表示过去发生或已经完成且对现在造:凡表示过去发生或已经完成且对现在造成影响或结果的动作;或过去已经开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态,可以用现在完成时。
I have washed my clothes.
B.过去完成时判断的依据:
1)过去完成时的句子中一般都以一个明确的时间或装于从句来表示过去某一个时间点;而在含有宾语从句的句子中,主语的动词就表示过去的某一时间点。也就是说时间点就是过去完成时判断依据.
Jims aid that he had seen the film twice.
注意过去的过去这种逻辑关系有时需要通过上下文体现,而不一定受时间状语的限制.
There had been someone in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigaretted end on the fioor when we opened the front door.
2)过去完成时常用于一些固定的关系中.如 意为”一……就”,其主句多使用过去完成时.
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
3)在没有明确的过去时间状语标志时,位于东磁发生的时间的先后顺序依据上下文来判断;后发生的用一般过去时.
Jim had not stuied hard,so he did not pass the exam.
4)当两个获两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时,安事件发生顺序,可用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 等引导的从句中,由于这些词本身已经表示出时间的先后, 所以也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时.
He entered the room,turned on the light and sat down.
I (had )called him before left here.
第十九周第九单元复习课说课
我主讲的题目是现在完成时,我把整个教学环节分为五部分:教材分析、学生分析、教学准备、设计理念、教学流程.一、教材分析 1语法 现在完成时
2句型: 和have /has+V过去分词 3重点与难点:现在完成时的用法
二、学生分析
我所教的八年级(17,18)两个班的学生,他们的共同的特点是两极分化严重,部分学生自制力差,学习的主动性差,缺乏自信心,见于这种情况,我尽量在教学中,多设置一些情境,使他们都参与到活动中来,在活动中适时的对他们进行思想教育.三、教学准备
1学生课前活动安排:复习已学过的现在完成进行时的用法, 2课前准备:利用精美的图片,制作课件, 来吸引学生,使他们更有积极性.四、教学流程与设计理念 关于现在完成时的构成与用法
(1)现在完成时的构成:have / has + 过去分词
如:work的现在完成时的肯定式为: have / has worked 否定式为: have/ has not worked(2)现在完成时的用法:
下面我们先来做一组习题热热身吧!
1. —I am so tired.
—No wonder. You for a whole day.
A. work
B. are working
C. have been working
D. have worked
2. —We’ve spent too much money recently.
— Well, it isn’t surprising. We _______ around all the time.
A. are shopping
B. have shopped
C. were shopping
D. have been shopping
3. I have to see the doctor because I ______ a lot from headache lately.
A. have been suffering
B. was suffering
C. have suffered
D. suffer
Keys: C D A
以上几个题同学们做对了吗?是不是对于两个时态有点混淆不清呢?下面我就针对两个时态的不同之处做个详尽的讲解。
一、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的核心含义
1. 现在完成进行时的构成形式是have/has been doing sth.,一般译为“一直在做某事”。现在完成进行时没有被动语态,它强调动作在从过去到现在某一段时间内持续进行,强调动作的持续时间,动词必须是延续性动词。现在完成进行时常与all the time, all the afternoon, the whole week等时间状语连用。例如:
The CPI in China has been rising. 中国的居民消费价格指数一直在上升。(强调动作持续)
2.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,其结果或影响仍存在。重点为“已经做过了某事”,但是并不强调这一动作在持续不停地进行。现在完成时常与already, yet, so far, recently等时间状语连用。例如:
Xi Jinping has paid his fifth visit to the USA. 习近平已经完成了他对美国的第五次访问。(强调已经完成)
二、现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较
两者相比较,现在完成进行时往往具有3个特点:
1. 未完结性
一般的现在完成时通常具有结果含义(完结性),而现在完成进行时则常常具有未完结含义。如:
I have cleaned the classroom.我把教室打扫干净了。(教室已经打扫干净)
I’ve been cleaning the classroom.我一直在打扫教室。(可能尚未打扫完教室)
例1(2010江苏卷)—Why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I _______ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting
B. will be painting
C. have painted
D. have been painting
分析 D。 句意:杰克,你为什么看起来如此疲惫?我一直都在粉刷房子,并且我明天必须完成。根据句意可知,杰克一直在粉刷房子,动作未完结,并且杰克会继续粉刷,强调动作持续,故采用现在完成进行时态。C项为现在完成时,强调过去的动作已经完成及对现在的影响,而杰克显然还没有刷完房子,故C项不符合语境。
2. 连续性或重复性
现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。
Jack have been calling Lucy every night for the last week. 上星期,杰克每天晚上都给露西打电话。
I’ve been knocking. I don’t think anybody’s in. 我一直在敲门。我想屋里没人。
例2 (2009四川卷)Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair _______ all day. Could you speak to her now?
A. phones B. has phoned
C. has been phoning D. phoned
分析 C。 句意为:对不起,玛西娅,一位来自Vanity Fair的记者一整天都在打电话,你现在能和她通话吗?时间状语all day表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在,记者一整天肯定是数次打电话,体现了连续性和重复性的特点,故用现在完成进行时。
3. 常带有感情色彩
说话人往往带有赞许、埋怨等明显的感情色彩。
Meng Peijie has been looking after her paralysed adoptive mother with great care for 12 years. We all admire her very much. 孟佩杰12年来一直悉心照顾瘫痪的养母,我们都很钦佩她。(赞许的感情色彩)
I’ve been waiting for an hour, but he still hasn’t turned up. 我都等了一个小时了,但是他还未露面。(抱怨的感情色彩)
例3 (2008北京西城抽样) —I wonder if you could go with me to the cinema.
—Don’t disturb me. I ______ a composition all the morning and haven’t finished it yet.
A. write
B. was writing
C. have written
D. have been writing
分析 D。 根据答语的第二句可知答话人整个上午都在写作文,现在还没有写完,所以用现在完成进行时,体现了未完结性的特点,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续下去。并且由“Don’t disturb me”可以明显感觉到答话人抱怨的感情色彩。而现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响或结果,不表示动作的持续,因此C项不正确。
巩固练习
1. (2010湖南卷) I’m tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped
B. have shopped
C. had shopped
D. have been shopping
2. (2010辽宁卷) Joseph to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say“What’s your name?” in Russian.
A. has been going B. went
C. goes D. has gone
3. I wonder if John has forgotten my number, I _______ him to call me for the past two hours.
A. was expecting
B. have expected
C. have been expecting
D. expected
4. —Sorry for being late. I was held up in the traffic.
—It’s all right. I _______ the newspaper, anyway.
A. am reading
B. read
C. have been reading
D. have read
5. Please stop to have a rest. You _______ the washing machine the whole morning.
A. have repaired
B. were repairing
C. have been repaired
D. have been repairing
1、Have you ever traveled on a plane?
你坐飞机旅行过吗?
2、Have you ever been abroad?
你出国过吗?
3、I’ve just finished reading the book、我刚读完书。
4、I’ve never been there、我从来没去那里。
5、I’ve already been there twice、我只去过那里两次。
6、Who has been to Hawaii? None of us has、谁去过夏威夷?没人去过。
7、Has anybody water-skied before?
有人之前滑过水吗?
8、How long have you been here in Sydney?
你来悉尼多久了?
9、I know you’ve come to see your father、我知道你来看你的爸爸。
10、You’ve learnt surfing from him, haven’t you?
你从他那里学的滑水,不是吗?
11、Have you ever been to Hawaii?
你去过夏威夷吗?
12、He has been in Honolulu ever since、他从那以后就在檀香山。
13、I have already won first prize in the city surfing competition、我已经在城市的冲浪比赛中获得了第一名。
14、I’ve been surfing every day、我每天都冲浪。
15、I’ve been here for two weeks already、我已经在这里呆了两周了。
16、How many songs has he learned so far?
他到目前为止学了多少歌了?
17、How long have you been a member of Greener China?
你成为绿色中国的一员多久了?
18、I’ve been with Greener China for a year、我跟随绿色中国一年了。
19、What have you done since you joined Greener China?
你加入绿色中国后都做了什么?
20、Have you ever thrown any litter onto the ground?
你有没有往地上扔过东西?
21、If your answers are “No”,it means that you have already helped protect our environment、如果你的回答是“否”,它意味着你已经帮助保护了我们的环境。
22、Have I ever picked up some rubbish and thrown it into a dustbin?
我有没有把垃圾捡起来扔进垃圾筒呢?
23、Have I ever collected waste paper or bottles for recycling?
我有没有为回收而收集废旧纸张或瓶子呢?
24、Have I ever planted any trees or flowers in or near my neighbourhood?
我有没有在社区附近种过树或花呢?
25、If your answers are “Yes”,it means that you have already done something useful to improve the environment、如果你的回答是“是”,它意味着你已经为保护环境做了些有用的事。
26、After you have finished the questionnaire, you may decide if your friend is doing very well in protecting the environment、你完成调查问卷后,你可以决定你的朋友是否在保护环境方面做得很好。
27、Has everyone in your class written a letter to a factory to ask them to stop pouring dirty water into the river or lake nearby?
你们班的人有没有给工厂写信让他们停止向附近的河或湖排放污水?
28、How long have you worked in this library?
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
i hear (= have heard) he will go to london.
i forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 “ it is … since…”代替“it has been … since …”
1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ____ what’s happened to him.
A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD. will know
2. He has ____ been to Shanghai, has he?
A. already B. neverC. everD. still
3. Have you met Mr Li ____?
A. justB. agoC. before D. a moment ago
4. The famous writer ____ one new book in the past two years.
A. is writingB. was writing C. wrote D. has written
5. “Our country ____ a lot so far.” “Yes, I hope it will be even ____.”
A. has changed; wellB. changed; good
C. has changed; betterD. changed; better
6. Zhao Lan ____ already ____ in this school for two years.
A. was; studyingB. will; studyC. has; studiedD. are; studying
7. We ____ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew
8. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ____ it twice.
A. will see B. have seenC. sawD. see
9. “These farmers have been to the United States.” “Really? When ____ there?”
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
10. “____ you ____ your homework yet?” “Yes. I ____ it a moment ago.”
A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finished
C. Have; done; have finishedD. Will; do; finish
11. His father ____ the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. was inD. has been in
12. “Do you know him well?” “Sure. We ____ friends since ten years ago.”
A. were B. have been C. have becomeD. have made
13. “How long have you ____ here?” “About two months.”
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14. Hurry up!The play ____ for ten minutes.
A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began
15. It ____ ten years since he left the army.
A. is B. has C. will D. was
二、句型转换。
1. He has never surfed, ____ ____? (完成反意疑问句)
2. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ have they been here?
3. The old man died last year. (同义句转换)
The old man ____ ____ ____ for a year.
4. This factory opened twenty years ago. (同义句转换)
This factory ____ ____ ____ for twenty years.
5. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ____ ____ ____ ____ an hour ago.
6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years. (同义句转换)
Her mother ____ the Party three years ____.
7. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
____ ____ two years ____ the Green Family moved to France.
8. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (合并为一个句子)
____________________________________________
9. John went to see his grandmother once a week. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ____ John ____ to see his grandmother?
10. He has already finished his homework. (改为否定句)
He ____ finished his homework ____.
11. My father came back the day before yesterday. (同义句转换)
My father has ____ ____ for two days.
12. My uncle bought the new car two months ago. (同义句转换)
My uncle has ____ the new car ____ two months ago.
13. They left Changsha an hour ago. (同义句转换)
They have ____ ____ ____ Changsha for an hour.
14. The film began ten minutes ago. (同义句转换)
The film ____ ____ ____ for ten minutes.
15. I knew Sarch three years ago. (同义句转换)
I ____ ____ Sarch for three years.
三、汉译英。
1. 吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。
_________________________________________
2. 他昨天收到一封信。
_________________________________________
3. 我父亲以前到过长城。
_________________________________________
4. 她还没有看过那部新电影。
_________________________________________
5. 他这些天上哪儿去了?
_________________________________________
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