高三英语话题写作练习（精选8篇）
一.教学内容：
话题写作练习
A 人物介绍
参考篇目：Unit 1.Hawking.Einstein
注意：1.表格变为段落
2．按时间顺序
3．根据逻辑关系加上连接词
常用短语和词汇：
be bornwhen he/she was ……years old /at the age of
laterbegin tograduate from
spend time doingdiscover
评价：be considered to be / be regarded as
be rewarded……contribute
devoted oneself to sth.根据以下素材写一篇介绍爱因斯坦的短文
Date of birth: March 14th, 1879Place of birth: Germany
Childhood: curious, slowing in learning
Education background:
1886 : study in Munich, mathematics, religion
1896 : graduated from high school
1900 : become a maths teacher
1905 : receive a doctor’s degree
Achievement:develop the Theory of Relativity by 1915
prove light is bent when passing the sun
won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922
Evaluation: one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born on March 14th,1879 in Germany.When he was a child,he was curious about everything, but he was considered to be slow at learning.In 1886, he began to study in Munich.He studied mathematics as well as religion.In 1896,Einstein graduated from high school at the age of 17.Four years later, Einstein became a maths teacher.In 1905, he received a doctor’s degree.By the year 1915, he had developed the famous Theory of Relativity and became famous in the world.He proved that light is bent as it passes the sun.Because of his great achievement, he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.Einstein was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.Some people say that he was a genius.But I think the main reason why he was so successful was his hard work.B.说明文
参考篇目：Unit2.News Media 不同观点对比。阐述自己观点。
常用短语和词汇：
对比：while, but, however, on the contrary, on the other hand,类比：as well, besides, also, too,表达观点：I think, in my opinion, it seems to me……
1.适当增加与要点有关的语句加以说明；
2.主要陈述自己观点，对对方观点要提及并加以驳斥；
3.在结尾处重申自己的观点
********
你们班上在讨论城市里博物馆的作用。根据以下内容，写一篇120字左右的短文，陈述你自己的观点。开头已给出。
Side A
1.Museums can help understand what happened in the past
2.Museums can educate people
3.Museums are centers for research.4.Museums can attract tourists to the city
Side B
1.Museums use up a great sum of money
2.Museums are usually in old buildings, so they need protection
Most cities have at least one museum, but how important are museums to people living in the 21st century?
Some people think that museums use up the money which could be spent on other things.Besides, museums are usually in old buildings, so they often need protection.In my opinion, museums can help people understand what happened in the past.If we have a better understanding of the past, we may improve our life in the future.Museums play an important role in educating people and they are centers for research.Also, museums are very important for tourism.They attract a lot of tourists to the city each year.To sum up, it seems to me that museums are an important part of our life.They are worth visiting and protecting.C.Safety Rules
参考篇目：Unit8 First Aid
Useful expressions:
You should always…Please don’t ….You ought to …
You should not….You must….Never…..Make sure that ….You must never….Always remember to ….*********
Use the lists of dos and don’ts below to write a passage about safety rules in the chemistry lab.Dos
•wash your hands before & after the experiment
•keep the air fresh
•put on gloves when doing experiments
•be careful with fire and dangerous chemicals
Don’ts
•taste chemicals
•eat anything
•touch anything without teacher’s permission
•run about in the lab
An emergency may happen every day.But if we are careful and follow some safety rules, some can be avoided.Let’s take chemistry lab as an example.First of all, you should wash your hands before and after the experiment.And you should keep the air in the lab fresh.You’d better put on the gloves when doing the experiment.Be careful with fire and dangerous medicine.Never taste chemicals or eat anything in the lab.Always remember not to touch anything without teacher’s permission.You shouldn’t run about in the lab.Only in this way can you keep yourself safe in the lab.D.记叙文
参考篇目：Unit 7 Living with disease / Diagnosed with Cancer
时间、地点、人物、事件、因果关系交待清。
时态：过去时
表示时间的短语：one day, while, when, then, a moment later, as soon as…
因果关系：so, as, as a result……
图示提示要先审图，记要点，列出所需词汇和短语。
*********
根据以下图示（图略），以Naughty Tommy为题，写一篇短文，描述在公园里所发生的事。
Tommy was a naughty boy.One day he saw a girl playing happily under a tree.He decided to play a trick on her.So he picked up a stone and hid himself behind the tree.Then he threw the stone at the girl.Hit on the back, the girl began to cry.Tommy was very happy and went away with a smile.A moment later, he saw a dog sleeping on a bench.He picked up a stone again
and hit the dog.The dog woke up and jumped at him.Tommy was so frightened that
he ran away as fast as he could.E.过程描写
Useful expressions:
While…..as soon as be about to do….when….just as…. suddenly / all of a suddenly
happen to do…/ It happened that…
Tips:
How to write a process paragraph?
1.审题: 文字，图表
2.文体
3.人称
4.时态
5.内容要点
a)时间
b)地点
c)人物
d)事件经过
6.所需词汇及句型：
Practical writing:
NMET 2000
假设你是李华，在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你目击一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。
注意：1 目击者应该准确报告事实；词数100左右；结尾已为你写好。
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________After two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.Possible version:
It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000.I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road.Suddenly the car hit the man while he was crossing the road.He fell with a cry.The car didn’t stop but drove off at great speed heading west.I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864.About two
minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.学生习作
（A）
At 7:15 on the morning of Feb,8th ,2000, I was heading east on the south side of the Park Road, taking my morning walk as usual.I saw an old man on the other side of the road outside the gate of the City Park.He was just crossing the street when a car on the 3rd Street made a sudden right turn at the crossing.The car was so fast that the old man even didn’t have time to dodge and the car hit the elderly hard.I thought the driver would stop to help but she didn’t.Instead, she just drove off, leaving the old man still lying on the ground in pain.Fortunately, I noted down the details: it was a yellow car, the plate number of which was AC864, and the driver was a young lady.After that I went over to check out the old man.（B）
It was 7:15 on the morning of Feb,8,2000.I was walking along the southern side of Park Road.I noticed that an old man coming out of City Park was going to cross the road.There was no car at the moment, so the old man started to cross the road.What happened next really surprised me.A yellow car roared down the 3rd Street, made a right turn and knocked the old man down.It happened in such a short time that the old man had no time to react.Seeing this, I rushed to the place where the old man was hit just in time to see the plate number of the yellow car.It was AC864.F.地点描写
参考篇目：Unit 5 The British Isles
Useful expressions:
be located in / lie in / be situated in
in the west of, to the west of
off the east coast of
cover an area of …… square kilometers
be made up of / consist of
be separated from
be surrounded by
has a population of
******** ***************
Location: north-west of Beijing Area: 3.5 square kilometers
History: built in Qing Dynasty, 150 years of construction
in 1860, Anglo-French Forces invaded Beijing, set fire,took away treasures, ruins,new China, protected, part of it, rebuilt in 1980’s,Yuanmingyuan Park
Yuanmingyuan , which is a ruined park, is located in the north-west of Beijing.It covers an area of
3.5 square kilometers.It was built during the Qing Dynasty.After 150 years of construction, it
became one of the most famous palaces in China as well as in the world.However, when Anglo-French forces invaded Beijing in 1860, the whole palace was set on fire.Treasures were taken away and stones lay in ruins.It was not until the founding of New China that it began to be protected.Part of it was rebuilt in 1980’s.The stones take on a golden color at the sunset, as if they were telling the story of yesterday.文章的检查
时态，词形，人称，数，逻辑关系
It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8,2000.1._________
I was walking along Park Road towards to the east2.________
when a old man came out of the park on the other3.________
side of the street.Then I saw a yellow car drive up 4.________
Third Street and made a right turn into Park Road.5.________
The next moment the car hit a man while he6.________
was acrossing the road.He fell with a cry.The7.________
car not stop but drove off at great speed heading8.________
west.I notice the driver was a young woman,9.________
the plate number was AC 864.About two minutes10._______
later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to
一、句子翻译练习的理论基础-词块理论
词汇组块是“一串作为整体储存在脑中的词, 可被以预置板块的形式提取和使用, 其形式可以原封不动, 或是稍作改动” (Willis, 1990) 。词块的长度并不固定, 一般由多个词构成, 形式介于单个单词和句子之间。Lewis (1997) 把组块分为四种类型: (1) 单词和短语; (2) 句子框架和引语等; (3) 搭配 (较高频率出现的单词组合) ; (4) 惯用话语 (形式固定或半固定、具有固定或半固定语用功能的单词组合) 。其中前三种词块类型在高考英语的书面表达中起着十分重要的作用, 也恰恰是学生的薄弱之处。而句子翻译练习融合了单词短语、句子框架和引语、搭配的练习, 对上文所提到的学生书面表达的薄弱之处进行针对性练习, 能有效帮助学生提高写作能力。
二、句子翻译练习的具体实施及其对写作的促进作用
高三阶段的句子翻译练习主要分为两个部分-基础句型练习和拓展句型练习, 分别安排在一轮和二轮复习中。其中基础句型主要为学生夯实基础, 帮助他们避免写作中出现错误, 适合所有基础的学生;拓展句型练习主要是在基础句型的基础上加大难度, 多为复杂句, 翻译时鼓励学生使用高级句型和词汇。这种复杂句型能帮助学生流利准确地写作, 同时使他们的文章更加优美和原汁原味。
1. 基础句型练习。
基础句型练习主要包括五个基本句型: (1) 主语+不及物动词 (S+Vi) (2) 主语+系动词+表语 (S+Vi+P) (3) 主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+Vt+O) (4) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) (5) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+Vt+O+OC) 教师可将课文内容融入到句子翻译练习中, 尽量在练习中出现近期新授的单词和短语。如在教授Module 9 Unit 1的时候, 教师可编写以下五个基本句型练习: (1) 主语+不及物动词 (S+Vi) 。他不得不让步。He had to compromise. (2) 主语+系动词+表语 (S+Vi+P) 。他在生意上很精明。He is acute in business. (3) 主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+Vt+O) 。救援飞机正努力确定失踪船员的位置。Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors. (4) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) 。由于缺乏人手, 公司会给你派来更多的工作人员。The company will send you more workers owing to the shortage of workforce. (5) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+Vt+O+OC) 。她把窗帘拉向一边。She pulled thecurtain aside.
2. 拓展句型练习。
上述五个基本句型随着教学的深入在不断扩展, 如句型 (1) 的主语+不及物动词 (S+Vi) 可扩展为以下5个句型: (1) There+Vi (be) +S+介词短语动名词。 (2) S+Vi+介词+名词 (介词短语) 。 (3) S+Vi+名词 (充当状语) 。 (4) S+Vi+to+V。 (5) It+Vi+that从句型。 (1) 中的“there be”句型是学生常错的地方。there be句型可以有很多的句子翻译练习。比如:今晚有个会议。There is going to be a meeting tonight.有人敲门。There was a knock at the door.有个女孩一直在等你。There has been a girl waiting for you.“There be”句型中的be也可以替换成其他一些词使意思发生改变, 常见的词包括:appear, come, go, happen, live, occur, remain, seem, sit, stand, lie等。句型 (2) S+Vi+介词+名词 (介词短语) 中, 不及物动词加上介词相当于一个及物动词, 如listen to, look after, go through, come across等, 可改为被动语态, 但一些不及物动词加上介词并不等于及物动词, 不可以改成别动语态, 如happen to, suffer from, belong to, settle down等。句型 (3) S+Vi+名词 (充当状语) 中, 动词一般表示状态、运动、继续等, 如cost, last, weigh, measure, stay等;名词用作副词, 充当状语, 常用来表示程度、数量、时间、方法、方向等。句子翻译练习有:这辆车花了一万美元。This car cost ten thousand dollars.这次会议将持续很久的时间。This meeting will last a long time.句型 (4) S+Vi+to+V中, 不定式做状语, 常用来表示结果、目的或企图等。常见的不及物动词有:happen, prove, call, stop, wait, agree等。可通过句子翻译练习帮助学生掌握这类动词的正确用法。如:我今天碰巧见到了约翰。I happened to meet John today.他所做的最后证明是合理的。What he did proved to be reasonable at las.句型 (5) It+Vi+that从句是学生运用比较多的一个句型。此句型中不及物动词常见的有:seem, happen, appear等。如:明天似乎有一场大雪。It seems that there will be aheavy snow tomorrow.
进过一段时间的练习之后, 学生的书面表达已基本可以避免基本的语法错误, 此时应多进行高级句型的句子翻译练习, 帮助学生学会运用一些使用频率高、表达效果好的高级表达方式, 提高作文的档次, 如with的复合结构、同位语从句、强调句型、感叹句型、分词作定语/状语、主从复合句和反义疑问句等。
参考文献
[1]Lewis, M.Implementing the Lexical Approach:Putting Theory into Practice[M].Hove, England:Language Teaching Publications, 1997
[2]Willis, D.1990.The Lexical Syllabus[M].London:Collins.
[3]傅仲选.实用翻译美学[M].上海:上海外国语大学出版社, 1991.
[4]马广惠, 文秋芳.1999.大学生英语写作能力的影响因素研究[J].外语教学与研究, 1999, (4) .
面对初中生英语写作中存在的诸多问题怎样才能有效地提高他们的写作能力呢？
一、掌握课本
学生写作能力的培养并不是一朝一夕的事情，在平时的课堂上，老师要特别注重抓好学生基本功的训练，重视词汇积累。平时抓好学生英语课文的复述与背诵，尤其是针对每个单元的Reading，我的要求是一定得背，雷打不动。这样既能培养学生地道的语感，又让他们掌握了针对不同素材的英语表达方式等，真是一举多得。中学英语的Reading题材多样，熟记课文就等于初步掌握了各种题材的写作要求。所谓“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”就是这个道理。一旦学生有几十乃至上百篇英语文章作铺垫的话，我们英语老师指导学生的写作就容易得多了。
此外，也可以选定一篇课文或若干段落，要求学生抄写时，逐句默读，然后眼看别处，凭记忆逐句默写。开始练习时，他们可以逐个词组意群或分句进行默写，熟练之后，就可以逐句或数句进行默写。这种方法可以使学生在抄写时注意力比较集中，使他们的短期记忆力得到锻炼。学生只要用这样的方法抄写好的范文，他们的写作能力，也会随之得到提高。
二、范文引路
方法有二：1.听后默写。选定一篇短文，教师从头至尾读材料三遍，然后要求学生凭记忆进行默写，笔述时要鼓励学生适当运用自己的词句。他们记忆的内容往往与原文不尽相同，但只要写出大意就行。为帮助学生较好地听懂材料，教师可以预先把其中的生词告诉学生，念完三遍后，还允许他们作少量的提问。这是一种听写和作文相结合的练习，它比一般听写灵活。这种练习可以和听写交替使用，它既可以锻炼学生的听力和短时记忆能力，又有助于锻炼他们的遣词造句和书面表达能力，以及熟悉作文的逻辑层次关系。它是一种有积极意义的引导性写作形式。2.仿写。它是提高英语书面表达能力的有效途径。在仿写中，格式、构思、表达方式等均可模仿，但必须要求学生灵活变通，切忌死搬硬套，语句要通顺，符合英文表达方式。仿写有两种形式，教材课文体裁广泛，内容涉及面广，难易度适中，适合学生做模仿式写作练习。课文中出现的各类文章，都可以联系生活实际，指导学生进行仿写训练。当然，仿写不是目的，而是练习写作的一种手段。仿写前要从时态预定。句型预设内容选材等方面，对学生加以辅导，让学生明白怎样仿写。笔者采取的措施是，先让学生掌握课文，然后让学生复述，最后作为作业布置给学生。
三、讨论式作文
教师命题后，让学生分小组讨论写法，教师把各小组讨论的结果集中起来，并将作文的要点写在黑板上，然后再让学生分组进行写作，各组可以推荐一名代表执笔，学生可以在组内互相讨论、共同纠正，最后每个学生各自把组内统一的作文抄一遍。讨论式作文既可以练习学生笔语，又练习他们的口语，一举两得。
四、看图作文
选定一张或数张相关的图画，要求学生看图作文，图画可以随带有关的问题或由教师口头提问一些相关的问题，以帮助学生作文。看图作文是看和写相结合的练习，可以与给图片或漫画展览写解说词的活动结合起来。它既能提高学生的写作能力，又能丰富他们的课余生活。可以从报纸杂志、连环画等图片中取材剪辑而成，也可以让学生自己准备，然后互相交换进行写作。
五、摘要
选定一篇课文或短文，将学生分成若干小组阅读材料。读完材料后，各小组讨论内容要点，然后全班讨论，列出一个简明的内容要点提纲，并由教师逐一写到黑板上，最后要求学生各自根据黑板上的要点提纲写摘要。这种摘要练习很有用，是最常见的笔头练习形式之一，学完一篇课文要求学生写摘要，写初稿时如有不清楚的地方，可以翻阅原文，但要尽量用自己的话来表达。初稿完成后，要认真加以修改，并使摘要的词数达到规定的要求。最后抄写时，
要注意字迹清楚，标点正确，末尾要标明摘要确切的词数。
六、短文改错
这项训练主要是针对学生在作业以及书面表达中出现的问题而安排的，笔者专门收集各种错句和病句，然后做成幻灯片，让全班同学一起改正。这种题型的训练既能增强学生的阅读能力又能提高学生的识别能力，加强了基础训练，较好地做到了温故知新，尤其对于一些习惯性错误，集中订正的效果也相当不错。一段时间后，再把各种错句印发给学生，让他们再次书面改正，以循环记忆的形式让知识牢牢地印记在他们的大脑里。
七、鼓励学生大量阅读课外英文读物
我们常年订阅学英语报，对于一些和课文内容同步难度不大的文章，我都推荐给学生阅读，抓住文章中段落的主题句，关键词语，重点短语及句型，然后串说内容；或者和学生一起分析文段，分析文章的层次和主题句，将每层的意思连接起来，这样就对文章进行了高度浓缩。通过缩写训练，培养学生的逻辑思维，找中心句，不仅提高了写作能力，并且培养了他们的概括总结能力。我鼓励他们交流阅读心得，尤其遇到目前教材中还没有出现过的单词和语法，让他们记录下来并认真讲解。
出题方向：
1. 科技创新的作用2. 科技改变生活3. 科技对民族、国家发展的作用
必备词汇：1. innovation 创新
2. science科学
3. technology 技术
4. shopping
5. high-speed railway 高铁
6. artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能
7. big data 大数据
8. ability to innovate 创新能力
9. scientific and technological innovation 科技创新
10. scientific and technological progress 科学技术进步
11. modernization of science and technology 科学技术现代化
(resign)I wanted to resign, but my boss persuaded me to stay.25.许多昆虫已经开始对杀虫剂有了抗药性。
（resistant）
Lots of insects have become resistant to pesticides.26.蓝色是种宁静的颜色而红色却往往让人躁动不安。
(restless)Blue is a peaceful color while red often makes people restless.27.记者应当限制自己只公正诚实地报道发生过的事。
（restrict）
Journalists should try to restrict themselves to reporting fairly and honestly what has really happened.28.人质与他们的妻子在今晨早些时候重逢了。
(reunite)The hostages were reunited with their wives in the early hours of this morning.29.医生没有向他透露真相。(reveal)The doctor did not reveal the truth to him.30.你必须时刻重审和修正自己的计划来迎合不断变化的情形。(revise)You must keep on reviewing and revising your plan to meet the changing situation.31.正是英雄们对祖国的忠诚才给予我们和平与幸福。（loyalty）
It is the heroes’ loyalty to our motherland that brings us peace and happiness.32.人们永远不会忘记张学友在亚洲巡演时的激情演绎。（interpretation）
People would never forget the passionate interpretation by Zhang Xueyou on his Asian tour.33.看来很多学生已经对重复和记忆语法规则失去兴趣了。（It）
It seems that many students have lost interest in repeating and memorizing grammar rules.34.依照最近的一项调查，每年有400万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。（linked）
According to a recent survey, four million people die each year of diseases linked to smoking.35.在演奏结束后，钢琴家喜极而泣，并以自己是一个中国音乐家而感到自豪。（pride）
After the performance, the pianist wept for joy and took pride in being a Chinese musician.36.我从来没有听说过有谁可以不花力气就当公司总裁的——除了富二代。（Never）
Never have I heard that anybody can be a company president without hard work – except the second generation of the rich.37.有些学生说学霸（score bully）的世界学渣（score victim）永远无法理解。（beyond）
Some students say that the world of score bullies is forever beyond the understanding of score victims.38.在《简 爱》（Jane Eyre）中有一句话让我着迷，因为它很好地总结了我的人生。（fascinate）
There is one line in Jane Eyre that fascinates me because it sums up my life nicely.39.一个姓贾的网友说：“我们勉强地在这次危机中幸免于难，但谁可以保证这种事将来不会再发生？”（narrowly）
A netizen surnamed Jia said, “We have narrowly survived this crisis, but who can ensure that this kind of thing will never happen in the future?”
40.尽管有这些难度高的测试，上海戏剧学院的表演系仍然对那些有志于成为明星的年轻人有很大的吸引力。（Despite）
Despite the tough tests, Shanghai Theater Academy’s acting department holds a strong appeal for young aspiring stars.41.考虑到它的实用价值，这本书值得一读。(worth)Considering its practical value, this book is worth doing.42.我建议我们今年夏天到海边去度假。(suggest)I suggest that we should spend the holidays at the seaside this summer.43.应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points / strengths.翻译12 44.为了解决交通问题，政府号召我们每天坐公交车或者地铁去上班。(call)To solve the traffic problem, the government calls on us to go to work by bus or by subway every day.45.尽管天气恶劣，没有什么能阻止这些志愿者们去帮助那些遭受痛苦的人们。(despite)Despite the bad weather, nothing can prevent these volunteers from helping those(who are)suffering.46.这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。(so…that)
The historical novel about World War I/ the First World War is so attractive that I can’t stand parting with it/putting it down/aside/ I can’t bear to part with it.47.博览群书对我们是有益的，因为这有助于开拓我们的视野。(do good)
Reading extensively/widely will do us good/ do good to us, because/for it helps to broaden our mind/horizons.48.是有志者，事竟成的信念帮助他实现了梦想。(It)It was the belief that where there is a will, there is a way that helped(him)to realize his dream/make his dream come true.49.人的一生不可能永远是一帆风顺的。我们应该勇敢地面对一个又一个挑战。(face)A person’s life cannot be always successful/smooth.We should face bravely / face up to one challenge after another.50.政府发起了一次新的运动，旨在通过鼓励人们过返璞归真的生活来提高人们环境保护的意识。(launch, simple)
The government has launched a new campaign, which aims to raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment by encouraging them to live a simple life.51.惨痛的失败让他意识到之前自己错过了多少好机会。（conscious）
The bitter failure made him conscious of how many good opportunities he had missed before.52.他已经讲得很清楚了，只有将理论用于实践，我们才能了解这项研究的实际意义。（make … clear）
He has made it clear that only by applying theory to practice can we understand the practical meaning of the research.53.尽管医生一再劝告他要节食，但他仍然无法抵制美食的诱惑。（Despite）
Despite the doctor’s frequent advice that he(should)go on a diet, he still couldn’t resist the temptation of delicious food.54.他们决定将美术馆免费向青少年开放，并在馆内组织各种活动以满足孩子们对艺术的爱与热情。（satisfy）
They decided to open the gallery to teenagers free of charge and organize all kinds of activities to satisfy children’s love and passion for art.55.科学家们终于证实空气污染促使癌症发生，这使得政府官员们更加重视保护环境。（contribute）
Six female deputies to China’s National People’s Congress(NPC)give a press conference to the second session of the 12th NPC on the protection of women’s rights in Beijing, capital of China, March 12, 2014.[Xinhua/Xiao Yijiu]
The number of female deputies in China’s top legislature has been on the rise, said a deputy to the 12th National People’s Congress(NPC)at a news conference during China’s “two sessions” on the afternoon of March 12, 2014.According to Lin Yinmao, the Deputy Secretary-General of the Standing Committee of Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress, the Chinese government is trying hard to promote the state policy of gender equality.Lin said that the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress persistently highlights therole played by women in political participation, and the local law stipulates that the ratio of women in the all-level People’s Congress should grow exponentially year on year until parity is achieved.Lin pointed out that the ratio of female deputies in the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress has reached a record high of 31.7 percent, and all neighborhood committees and village committees now have at least one female representative.The ratio of female deputies in the 2013 NPC also reached a record high with 23.4 percent– or 699 out of a total of 2,987 –being women.According to a Guangzhou Daily report, the 10th NPC held in 2007 clarified the desired ratio of female deputies for the first time, and stated that the proportion of female deputies to the 11th NPC should be no less than 22 percent, further helping bolster women’s influence on major polices, and reflect women’s rights and interests.The percentage of female deputies in China’s top legislature has remained at around 20 percent since the election of the Fifth NPC deputies in 1978.确定方式演变
1952年12月20日，联合国通过《妇女政治权利公约》，确认女性享有与男子平等的选举权与被选举权等政治权利。自此，女性的参政水平成为衡量女性地位与性别平等发展状况的核心指标之一。我国从《宪法》、《妇女权益保障法》、《全国和地方各级人大代表选举法》（下简称《选举法》）都对妇女参政议政的权利做出明确规定。
性别原来
并非分类标准
在国家法律中规定男女参政比例，被国际公认为是提高妇女参政水平的最有效途径之一。关于女性参政的比例，1995年在北京召开的第四次世界妇女大会上通过的《行动纲领》就树立了明确的目标：女性在各级权力机构中的比例在2000年实现30%。
我国的《选举法》在1995年之前，并未将性别作为代表名额分配的分类标准。1995年和2004年，《选举法》对妇女代表的名额做出原则性规定——“应当有适当数量的妇女代表，并应当逐步提高妇女代表的比例。”到了2010年的修改版，《选举法》把妇女代表的比例问题上升到代表性的高度。
2007年首次
规定不低于22%
历届全国人大代表的名额是怎么确定分配的呢？ 据悉，改革开放以来，在历届人大换届前一年的人大会上，都会就代表名额分配问题做出决定。在上世纪80年代之前，这些决定并没有关于妇女代表名额的内容。
1992年第七届人大五次会议在确定第八届全国人大代表名额分配时，首次涉及妇女名额的分配问题：全国人民代表大会代表中，妇女代表的比例不低于第七届的比例。
1997年第八届人大五次会议上又确定，第九届全国人大代表中妇女代表的比例应高于第八届的比例。
关键词：高三英语,写作教学问题,写作策略
高中英语写作是综合性较强的写作技能, 它与英语语言学习起到了相互促进的作用。然而, 目前高中英语教学往往忽视对“写”这一环节的有效训练, 且缺乏相应的指导, 导致一些学生在英语写作方面困难重重, 不知从何下手, 哪怕最普通的想法也无法准确表达, 习作质量较低。
一、当前英语写作中存在的问题
学生在历次写作练习与考试中的写作分数不尽如人意, 从学生自身因素与英语语言同汉语语言差异来看, 存在以下问题:
1.学生学习态度不端正
强化训练是提升英语写作水平的必然之路。然而, 我在日常教学中发现, 很多高三学生对英语学习仍存在不重视的态度和恐惧的心理, 尤其在书面表达上往往又充满畏难情绪, 缺乏积极主动性。大部分英语教师都有类似的感觉, 在安排书面表达训练时, 很多学生都想逃避, 都想放弃这一锻炼和提升自己的机会。学生为寻找捷径, 同学之间互相抄袭或上网查找相关文章来应付了事, 而不能认真思考、认真对待。
2.英语语言表述不恰当
从历次学生的英语写作情况看, 学生写作分数难以提高的最主要原因是学生英语写作语言不恰当, 具体表现为语言词汇匮乏、语法使用不当、母语干扰等问题。
(1) 词汇匮乏
很多学生不注重词汇的积累, 单词记忆不牢固, 真正能熟练掌握并运用的词汇较少, 能掌握的短语更是少之又少。 在写作时, 只能用简单的词汇拼凑, 有的学生甚至用汉语拼音。 拼写错误、单词混用现象也较为普遍, 很难正确表达自己的思想, 让人觉得不知所云, 如 “parent”写成“pearant”。
(2) 语法不通
学生英语写作中出现的“大错”多半是语法运用不当。学生在写作中, 语法不规范、句子结构混乱, 如词性不分、冠词滥用、时态语态错误等情况屡见不鲜。 如“Have many training class or family teacher in order to obtain much money. ”这句话的语法错误是没有谓语。 很多学生根本不知道谓语是什么, 或者什么词可以作谓语。 还有的学生, 对于名词的单复数搞不清楚, 在many后用了名词的单数形式。
(3) 母语影响较深
汉语是我们的母语。 我们在学习外语时, 受母语影响较深。 一方面受汉语语法和习惯表达方式的影响, 英语中的词性、时态、语气、句式结构等在表达上同母语表达完全不同。 学生在平时写作中容易出现所谓的“中式英语”即Chinese English的现象, 如 “I will very thanks to you.”另一方面受汉语词汇构成和词的字义影响, 如在不知道具体词语的意思时, 参照母语词语意思, 会随意创造一个“新”词。
二、提升高三学生英语写作水平的教学策略
根据新课标对高三英语写作的要求, 结合我的教学实践, 要想提高高三学生的英语写作水平, 主要应从以下五方面入手:
1.激发学生的写作热情, 树立学生的写作信心
英语课程标准强调:从学生的学习兴趣出发, 倡导体验、实践、参与、合作交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径, 发展学生的综合语言运用能力。 为此, 在教学中, 我向学生灌输这样的思想: (1) Self -confidence is the key to success. ( 2 ) Interest is the best teacher . ( 3 ) Practice makes perfect . ( 4 ) Methods are keys to improvement. 教师的责任在于既要激起学生的学习欲望, 帮助学生从“要我写”到“ 我要写” “ 我爱写” 再到 “ 我会写”, 又要想方设法帮助学生积极主动地去学习、去提高, 建立起自信乐观的人格。
2.“读写背”一体的写作教学, 循序渐进提升能力
英语写作能力并非是一蹴而就的。 “不积跬步, 无以至千里”。 为此, 首先, 教师要严格要求学生正确而熟练地书写字母、单词和句子, 同时要注意大小写和标点符号。 其次, 要求学生写最简单的短句, 为以后的英语写作做好铺垫。 最后, 在平时教学中应注重指导学生对基础语法知识的复习与训练:句子的基本结构和五种基本句型;句子成分的分析;词性的分析;时态、语态和主谓一致;并列句和部分简单的复合句;名词的单复数等。
另外, 英语写作要积累一定量的好词与好句。 尝试让学生每天记忆10 个单词, 并让学生运用这些单词进行造句, 达到学以致用。 还可以让学生背诵作业中或试卷中出现的好词、好句, 指导学生如何快速地记忆一句话。 如“Swimming not only benefits our health, but also helps us have a strong will.” 这句话看上去很长, 但经仔细分析, 这句话是一个普通句型, 即 “Doing sth not only...but also does...”弄清了句型再记单词 “benefit”的意思就容易多了, 学生几秒钟就可以记下来。
此外, 对于背诵而言, 学生可以背诵许多题材的范文, 如近几年高考英语作文教材中好的段落以及报刊上各种体裁的优秀文章。 教师可以要求学生一周背两篇文章, 背完后再让学生把较好的句子默写一遍, 如写错了, 应及时更正, 如此反复, 学生头脑中就能储存一定量的句型和写作框架, 写作时就可以信手拈来。
3.适度的限时训练, 多样化训练
在教学时, 给学生一节课的时间来完成规定的任务, 时间到了就必须交卷, 以提高实际应用和应试能力。 根据高考书面表达限时的情况, 文章要自行立意、随意发挥, 它与翻译相似, 但又比翻译灵活。 为此, 在训练的初级阶段, 教师不妨把时间放宽一点, 随着学生写作能力的增强, 时间可以相应缩短, 逐步实现在30 分钟内完成任务, 培养学生养成良好的时间习惯。
当然, 训练的内容也可以多样化。 以多题材、多形式的自由作文训练, 加强意念功能的培养。 以写作来促进词汇、句型和语法的复习。 通过点拨、诱导、启发, 使学生克服对英语写作的恐惧情绪, 从而激发他们写作的乐趣, 提高英语表达能力。 另外, 还应要求学生多做翻译、句型转换、周记、日记等系列化训练。
4.加强小组合作学习, 互评互改, 共同进步
“写作不能仅仅理解成个人的行为, 因此在教学中不宜总是采取学生单独写出作文来让教师批改的模式, 而应该提倡学生开展两人或数人小组活动, 通过讨论合作完成写作”。 因此, 在写作教学中, 教师可以让组员分工协作来完成一项写作任务。 例如, 写一篇和环保有关的作文时, 可以把学生分成两组, 一组讨论环境污染的表现形式, 另一组讨论如何采取措施减少环境污染。 小组内成员可以轮流用英语写一两句话, 完成任务后再由小组讨论、修改, 最后定稿。 学生反复讨论、修改的过程就是一个自我完善、提高写作能力的过程, 各尽所能, 共同努力, 合作完成学习任务。
5.对学生进行有效的方法指导
在高三英语学习中, 繁重的学习任务还需要好的教学指导技巧, 为此, 教师要做到以下几点:
(1) 规范写作批改, 及时反馈
为了调动学生进一步改进作文质量的积极性, 教师可以采取多次修改作文, 逐层提高等级的评价策略。 教师在批改作文时, 可以运用一些具有针对性、启发性、鼓励性的评语, 如“wonderful, well done, great, excellent”。对于写得特别好的文章, 可以通过投影仪投放给学生欣赏品读, 让学生分析出文章好在哪里, 并如何借鉴使用。 这种方法的特点是反馈及时, 人人都是点评人。 同时, 又能对学生进行“改错”的训练, 可谓一举多得。 实践证明, 这种方法能够激发学生的写作兴趣, 充分调动学生的写作积极性, 教学效果显著。
(2) 模板训练, 快速提高写作水平
由于学生对英语写作感到恐惧, 教师可以对学生进行模板训练。 如仿写文章的思路、整体结构、句式、衔接词的应用等。 教师可以把作文模板发给学生, 然后根据每个模板布置一篇作文。 模板主要有八种, 即对比观点、阐述主题、解决方法、举例说明、议论文、图表作文、现象说明文和原因文说明。
三、结语
英语写作有利于培养学生用英语进行思维和综合运用英语进行交际的能力, 教师千万不要因为英语写作教学和批改的艰难而放弃写作训练, 而要培养学生收集和处理信息的能力, 达到英语新课标的要求和教学目标。当然, 写作教学没有绝对正确的方法, 在平时教学中, 教师只要从学生的实际出发, 整体规划, 选用合适的方法来训练和提高学生的写作能力, 激发学生的写作热情, 英语写作教学就一定能取得很大的进步。
参考文献
[1]戴军熔.英语写作常见问题分析及解决途径[J].中小学教材教学, 2002 (14) .
[2]黄文源.英语新课程教学模式与教学策略[M].上海:上海教育出版社, 2004.
高三英语书面表达话题精选句子整理
关于“中国梦想”（Chinese Dream）
My dream is to be enrolled by / admitted into a good university and be a talent who can make contributions to my country.
Its easier and more convenient for urban residents to have access to modern transportation and enjoy a better living environment along with public facilities.
College students dream to have wellpaid jobs where they can bring their potential into full play.
The government should pay attention to food safety and strengthen its supervision over food so that people can have more pollutionfree and green food.
As for farmers， they hope that they can enjoy good and affordable medical care and their children can receive a good education.
As a saying goes， “great hopes make great man”， “where there is a will， there is a way.” The Chinese dream is definitely to make our country powerful in the world， our society safe and harmonious and people happy and cosy.关于“食品安全”（Food Safety）
Food is to us what sun is to nature， so we cant attach great importance to food safety enough and take prompt and strict measures to deal with / address this problem in no time.
The problem of food security has become a hot button across society. This kind of behavior has produced negative impacts on consumers and whole society， which should be severely criticized and penalized.
In the course of the rapid economic evolution， in order to pursue economic interests maximization， food manufacturers ignore the quality and security of the food product.
The lack of adequate regulation and punishment on those illegal producers enforces the trend.
The government should launch a massive moral campaign to educate all citizens and draw up tougher laws to crack down on those irresponsible corporations and prohibit them from entering the food industry.
People should restrain their own behavior in order to be mature and qualified citizens in society.
关于“防病救灾”（Prevent Disease and Disaster）
1. Each of us has different living habits. Healthy lifestyle is conducive to preventing disease and can prolong life.
2. Health education also plays a key role in improving peoples health. By giving people more information about health， countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it.
3. In fact， if we face H7N9 in a right way， it wont terrify us and we will be able to get over it. And we can do some things to keep healthy， such as washing hands more， opening the window to enjoy the fresh air， doing more exercise along with eating more vegetables and fruits.
4. Thousands of people lost their lives and ever more people were left homeless due to the earthquake. However， hand in hand， the Chinese people faced the disaster with great compassion and courage.
5. Were to offer survivors from the earthquake not only relief supplies but psychological comfort.
6. Terrible as the earthquake is， it can never defeat people working together. As a student in the disasterstricken area， Im so moved by everyones selfless devotion and assistance that Ive made up my mind to study hard to reward them.
关于“减压减负”（Burden Relief）
Some students are so worried about exams and academic achievements that they cant fall asleep at night. As a result， they feel sleepy in the day time and cant concentrate in class.
Others cant get along well with their parents or with their classmates. As a consequence， they always feel stressed and easily get angry.
We need to develop a positive attitude towards our studies and our life and turn to our teachers for help， including our teacher of psychology.
Good habits of learning and living do contribute to our success. Once a good habit is formed， it will definitely give us power to control ourselves.
Our parents have been devoting all the energy to making sure of our healthy development. Now it is time for us to do what we can in return for their hard work.
Listening to childrens ideas and encouraging them to think on their own may help the parents and the children improve mutual understanding and respect.
关于“文明举止”（Civilized Behavior）
1. School safety is the cornerstone of a harmonious campus and a civilized society， which is directly related to the healthy growth of young students and the wellbeing of millions of families.
2. Students should be taught to take care of themselves on campus， behave well and act sensibly. And they have to realize that it is better to do well in exams than in arguments and fights because there is no honor in being aggressive.
3. If I have the chance to offer others a hand when they are in need， I will spare no efforts to help them out. Only if everybody devotes their love can we make a better world.
4. We should concentrate more on the education of morality and enforce laws to prevent uncivilized behavior from happening again.
5. To be a good student and a good citizen， we shall not spit or litter things and try to be friendly to others as well as keep away from bad habits， such as speaking loudly in public places or jumping the queue.
6. Im very grateful for the efforts of our parents and teachers. And I am sure that with their encouragement and timely help Ill be able to achieve my goal and be a useful person of our society in the near future.
关于“环保低碳”（Environmental Protection）
1. Living a lowcarbon life is a good way to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases， meaning using less energy in our daily life.
2. China is developing quickly， as Im sure you know， but with that development often comes hardship， such as the conflict between economic growth and environmental protection.
3. Governments also need to apply attractive measures to draw citizens to adopt means of public transportation， for instance， to reduce price and improve relevant facilities.
4. The terrible pollutions have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings， which has aroused public awareness of it.
5. We must promote and popularize a low carbon life among the public from every detail in our daily life.
6. We must change the past practice of sacrificing longterm environmental health for shortterm rapid economic development， and shift to developing green economy， circular economy and low carbon economy.
关于“合作学习”（Cooperative Learning）
1. By striking a balance between competition and cooperation， youth will feel better about themselves and have a greater desire to participate in future activities.
2. When it comes to cooperation， it helps kids to bridge the cultural differences and promotes mutual understanding among them.
3. I think the reason for my success is because I balance my study and leisure time so amazingly well.
4. We are making great attempt to create a cooperativelearning environment， where we are encouraged to work in groups. Within group work， we are guided to voice our individual opinions， listen to each other and respect each other.
5. Since everyone is a social person， we should unite as one with our partners rather than work individually to build our society more sufficiently.
6. By cooperation， students can share the enjoyment of learning language and feel the happiness of communicating together， which will arouse their hunger for knowledge.
关于“阳光生活”（Healthy Lifestyle）
1. It is sharing with others rather than keeping my worries to myself that has relieved me of trouble and made my studies more efficient.
2. We can say， in a certain sense， competition stimulates peoples interest in work and helps society to go forward.
3. There is no denying that being optimistic benefits us in many ways. It can encourage us to face difficulties bravely and help those around stay optimistic since it helps create an atmosphere that is lively and relaxing.
4. Combining basic traffic safety education with ordinary schooling is a good way to make students aware of road safety.
5. It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school and form a good studying and living habit.
6. Only when we have the heart of being grateful can we understand how to love others and how to repay our society.
实战训练篇：
“打造阳光生活，树立民族梦想，传递正能量”已经成为引领我们当前社会发展的新理念，也为全社会所重视与关注。请根据下列要点写一篇150词左右的短文，并谈谈你的具体想法。
A new concept of living a healthy life and realizing Chinese dream has been a hot button，which also has aroused the publics great awareness and concern.
Living a healthy life nowadays means not only having a good lifestyle but protecting the environment scientifically and its everyones duty to be ecofriendly from detail in our daily life. Besides， facing disease and disaster prevention， everyone ought to be optimistic and unite to overcome these difficulties. Furthermore， being civilized in public places is the essential part of social morality and its a good traditional Chinese virtue to offer a hand to those in need.
Meanwhile， Chinese dream really matters in that it urges us to spare no efforts to make our country rich and powerful in the world， our society more harmonious and people more welloff.
On my part， as a modernday student， there is no doubt that we should shoulder the task of powering our country and pass on the positive energy to everyone around us.
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高三英语备考12-19
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