英语时态(通用9篇)
在英语中,只有动词会有时态的变化(动词形式发生变化),而其他词类如名词等等则没有时态的变化,名词有单复数、可数不可数等变化,而动词则没有。某些语法项目是针对固定的词类,如比较级则针对形容词和副词,其他词类则没有这种变化。以上说的是常识共性的东西。
再说时态:时是“时间”的缩写,动词的时就是动作发生的时间不同而导致动词形式发生变化。
(动作发生的)时间分为过去、现在和将来三种情况。
如果动作发生的时间是过去,则动词的形式需要用动词的过去式形式。如:
He worked for the company.
动词work发生在过去,因此变成过去式worked;反之:动词用过去式worked,则推导出这个动作发生的时间是过去。
如果动作发生的时间是现在,则动词的形式需要用动词的原形。如:
I work for the company.
动词work发生在现在,则直接用原形work;反之:动词用work,则推导出这个动作发生的时间是现在。
注意:如果主语是单数第三人称,则需要变成works,这是主谓一致的问题,而不是动词时的问题,works同样是现在发生的动作。
如果动作发生的时间是将来,则动词的形式需要用动词的将来形式。如:
He will work for the company.
动词work发生在将来,因此变成将来形式will work;反之:动词用将来形式will work,则推导出这个动作发生的时间是将来。
此外,动词的时还有一种情况,就是“过去将来”,这种“时”似乎自相矛盾,过去就是过去,将来就是将来,怎么还有“过去将来”呢?
实际是这样,因为时间飞逝,曾经的现在很快就会变成过去,曾经的将来也会变成过去,也就变成了“过去将来”。
总结一下:动词的时态
1.一般现在时的用法。
1) 表示经常性, 习惯性的动作或状态;表示现在的状态, 特征 , 客观事实或普遍真理。句中常用often, usually, always, every day, sometimes, on Sunday, in the morning或表示频率的词, 如once a year等时间状语, 例如:
He goes to school every day. (经常性动作)
He is a boy. (现在的状态)
The earth moves around the sun. (真理)
2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 用现在时表示将来, 例如:
If it doesn’t rain this afternoon, we’ll go swimming.
When I see him, I’ll tell him the news.
2. 一般过去时的用法。
1) 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中常用yesterday, just now,
the day before yesterday, last week (month, year…) , in1998 (过去的时间) , at that time, at that moment, just then 等。
They played soccer yesterday.
I worked in a factory in 1986.
2) 表示过去经常发生的动作, 运用“used to do ”。例如:
I used to live here.
注意:used to表示过去常发生的动作或存在的状态。另外“be used to+名词 ( 动名词) ”表示 “习惯于…… ”。例如:
I am used to the climate here. (我习惯了这里的气候)
He is used to taking a walk after supper. (他习惯晚饭后散步) .
3. 一般将来时的用法。
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。 句中常用tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, next week (month, year…) , in+时间段, 其表达形式除了“will或shall+动词原形”外, 还有
1) “to be going to+动词原形”, 表示即将发生的或打算, 计划要做的事。例如:
There are lots of black clouds?It is going to rain.
We are going to have a picnic this afternoon.
2) leave , go, come, start, move, 等可用进行时态表示将来的动作。例如:
We are leaving for Beijing.
He is coming.
4. 现在进行时的用法。
现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作或行为, 由“ be+ v-ing”构成。句中常用now, at the moment, Look, Listen, this week , these days。
例如:What are you doing now?
Look! The boys are playing basketball.
5. 过去进行时的用法。
过去进行时表示过去某一具体时刻, 或某一阶段正在发生的动作, 由“was (were) +v-ing”构成。句中常用at this time (或具体时间) yesterday, when, while。
例如:
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students were talking.
While he was doing his homework, his mother was cooking.
6. 现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时由“have (has) +过去分词”构成, 所表示的动作在说话之前已完成, 对现在造成一定影响。句中常用ever, never, once, just, already (用于肯定句) , yet (用于否定和疑问句) , so far, recently, for+时间段, since+过去时间点。
I have studied English for 5 years.
I have lived here since five years ago.
现在完成进行时的用法
现在完成进行时由“have (has) +been +v-ing”构成, 表示以前进行的动作直到现在都还在发生。句中最常用for或since, 动词用延续性动词。
I have skated for three hours. (已滑完冰)
I have been skating for three years. (还在滑冰)
注意:
①表示短暂时间动作的词, 如: buy, borrow, come, go, die, …在完成时态中不能与for, since等表示一段时间的词连用。
②have (has) been to与have (has) gone to的区别
have (has) been to (人在说话地点) 曾经过去某地
have (has ) gone to (人不在说话地点) 到某地去了
I have been to Beijing (我去过北京) (人现在在说话地点)
Ann has gone to the library. (安已经去了图书馆) (安不在说话地点)
7. 过去完成时的用法。
过去完成时由“had+过去分词” 构成, 过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作状态。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。例如:
By the end of last year we had learned two thousand English words.
When I got to the station, the train had left.
8.过去将来时的用法。
过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或状态。过去将来时由“should或would+动词原形” 或was (were) going to构成.第一人称用should, 其他人称用would.常用于宾语从句中.例如:
They said that they would win the football match.
因此, 我们在做题时, 一定要找准时间提示词。
练习:
选择最佳答案:
1.He______ back in three hours.
A、 is B、 was C 、will be D 、has been
2. My uncle in London______ a birthday present to me yesterday.
A 、send B 、sends C、 sent D、 has sent
3. If you go there by taxi, it ______much faster.
A、 is B、 is going to C、 shall be D、 will be
4. He______just______ his supper.
A、 is, having B 、will, have C、 has, had D 、had, had
5. I______in his hometown since he left here.
A 、lived B、 live C、 have lived D 、 am living
6. I______when you phoned me.
A、 sleep B、 slept C、 am sleeping D、 was sleeping
7. What______he______at this time yesterday?
A、 did, do B 、is, doing C、 does, do D、 was, doing
8. She______the car in 1999.
A、 has bought B、has had C、 bought D、buys
9. Listen! Some of the girls______about Harry Potter. Let’s join them.
A、 are talking B、talk C、 will talk D、 talked
10. He said that he______ me up when he got there.
A、 rang B、 will ring C 、rang D 、would ring
1.C 将来时提示词in。
2.C 过去时的提示词yesterday。
3.D if 引导的条件状语从句, 主句将来时, 从句一般现在时。
4.C 完成时态的提示词just。
5.C 完成时态的提示词since。
6.D过去进行时的提示词 when you phoned me。
7.D过去进行时的提示词at this time yesterday。
8.C过去时的提示词in 1999。
9.A 进行时的提示词 Listen。
(一) —Hi ,Tony, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry, .(2009年,江苏卷)
A.It `s repaired. B. It has been repaired. C. It` s being repaired. D. It had been repaired.
解析:C。考查时态。根据对话的前一句,可知第一个人是向第二个人借电脑。又根据sorry可知第二个人并不能借给第一个人电脑,因此,电脑应当是正在被修理中,故C为正确答案。
(二)—What is the price of petrol these days ?
—Oh, it sharply since last month . (2009,江西卷)
A.is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased
解析:B。考查时态。根据since引导的时间状语,可知谓语动词应该使用现在完成时,故B为正确答案。
(三)My parents in Hongkong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. (2009,天津卷)
A.live B.lived C.were living D.will live
解析:A。考查時态。根据句意“我父母住在香港。他们出生在那儿,从来没有在其它地方生活过”,可知空白处陈述的是目前的客观事实,故用一般现在时。
(四)Daniel's family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week . (2009,安徽卷)
A.are enjoying B.are to enjoy C.will enjoy D.will be enjoying
解析:D。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语this time next week,可知谓语动词应该使用将来进行时,表示在未来的某个时间正在发生的情况。
二、基础知识扫描
(一)一般现在时与现在完成时的区别
一般现在时表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或状态;现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
I do my homework every afternoon .(做家庭作业是每天下午都要做的经常性动作)
I have done my homework .(做家庭作业发生在过去,且已经完成,现在已经没有要做作业的心理负担了)
(二)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时只说明动作发生在过去,不强调对现在的影响,常与表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
I saw this film yesterday.(表示看电影这个动作发生在昨天)
I have seen this film . (强调看电影这个动作对现在的影响——已经知道电影的内容了)
(三)一般过去时与过去完成时的区别
一般过去时表示动作发生在过去某一时间,往往和表示确切的过去时间状语连用;而过去完成时则表示动作发生在过去某一时间或动作之前,即“过去的过去”。
He studied there two years ago.(动作发生在过去某一时间)
He said he had studied there two yeas before .(study发生在say这个过去动作的前两年,是过去的过去)
(四)一般过去时与过去进行时的区别
一般过去时说明整个动作发生在过去某一时间;而过去进行时则强调动作在过去某一时间正在进行,一般尚未完成。
She wrote a letter to her friend last night. (信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night. (她昨晚一直在写信,担心不一定已经写完)
(五)现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,或起始于过去延续到现在;而过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去,对过去有影响或起始于过去的过去,持续到过去某一时间。
She has been ill for a week. (到现在他她生病已经一周了)
She had been ill for a week by the time she came back. (到她回来她已经生病一周了)
(六)某些固定句型对时态有特定的要求
1.在“This /That /It is the first time that …”句型中,如主句为一般现在时,从句用现在完成时;如主句为一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。如:
This is the first time I have come here.
This was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
2.在“It be +一段时间+since…”句型中,如主句为一般现在时,从句用一般过去时;如主句为一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。如:
It is three years since he smoked.
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
A. think; are B. am thinking; are
C. thought; were D. think; were
2. I really ought to go on a diet。I ________ on so much weight since I gave up jogging.
A. put B. am putting
C. have put D. had put
3. We ________ to go skiing tomorrow,but there’s no snow,so we’ll just stay home instead
A. are going B. were going
C. will go D. would go
4. At the time of the earthquake Jeff was still in his office. He ________ to finish a
project before he left for the day.
A. has tried B. had tried
C. has been trying D. had been trying
5. The student didn’t pay any attention to the lecture; he ________ of something else.
A. thought B. had thought
1.一般现在时
①表示经常性或习惯性的动作.We always care for each other and help each other.②表示现在存在的状态。The Yangtze River rises in Qinghai.③表示自然规律、科学事实、客观存在、谚语格言等,Light travels faster than sound.2.现在进行时:表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。
He’s showing a foreign guest round the city.We’re practising spoken English this week.3.一般将来时:
表示将要发生的动作或情况。When will you be able to give us an answer? 4.一般过去时
①表示过去已发生的但与现在没关系的事情,动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)。
He worked in the factory for 3 years.②表示过去经常发生的或习惯性动作。She often came to help us.③常用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等情况。When did the accident happen? 5.现在完成时
①表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作,强调对现在的影响。We have lived separately since last year.②某些表示时间的词汇或短语常与现在完成时连用。如:lately,so far,in/over/for the past/last few year等。I haven’t had enough sleep lately.The scientist is doing experiments no one has so far attempted.6.过去进行时
①表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。What were you doing at nine last night? ②常用过去进行时来描述故事发生的背景。One day,we were walking along a road....Suddenly....7.过去完成时
①表示过去某时间之前已完成的动作(即“过去的过去”)。By the end of June we had treated 30,000 patients.②在主从复合句中,如果一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前,这一动作要用过去完成时。When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.8.过去将来时
①表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情。
The time was not far off when he would regret this decision.②表示过去习惯性的动作。
Whenever he had time,he would help them in their work.9.现在完成进行时
①表示一直持续到现在,还可能进行下去的动作。How long has it been raining? ②表示某动作持续时间太长,有令人疲劳或厌倦等含义。I have been sitting here all afternoon.10.过去完成进行: 表示过去某时间之前一直进行的动作。
It had been raining for two days.The fields were all under water.11.将来进行时:表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。
I won’t be free on Friday morning.I’ll be seeing a friend off.12.将来完成时:表示将来某时已完成的动作。
By this time next year we’ll have turned all the land into rice fields 时态的特殊用法
1.一般现在时:①表示按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作,主要指由时刻表、日程表规定循环进行的动作。When does the train stop at Jinan? ②在时间、条件、让步状语从句中要用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。
I’ll write to her when I have time.I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose.③make sure,take care,mind,it doesn’t matter,I don’t care后跟that从句时,从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。
We must take care that no one sees us.It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday.3.一般将来时:①表示倾向性动作。
This machine won’t work.机器不能运转了。
What’s the matter with the pen?The ink won’t come out.钢笔怎么啦?墨水不出了。
②表示临时的决定、即刻的打算。
“I hear Wang Ling is ill in hospital.” “Then I’ll go to see her.”
4.一般过去时: ①I didn’t know,I didn’t mean,I thought等表示“原来不知道”“本没想”“原以为”。Sorry,but I didn’t mean to hurt you.②用于虚拟语气中It is time that we went to bed.固定句式或结构中的动词语态
1.This/It is the first/second time+that从句。that从句中用现在完成时。
如把is改为was,则从句中用过去完成时。This is the first time I have come here.It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.2.It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句。since从句中用一般过去时。
如 把is改为was,则从句中用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.3.was/were about to do...when...意为“将要做……(这时)突然……”。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.1.一般过去时与现在完成时
①一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或情况,与现在没有什么联系,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时则表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况,强调对现在造成的影响或结果,常与for或since短语连用。I didn’t see her last week.我上周没有见到她。
I haven’t seen her since last week.自上周以来我一直未见过她。
②人们在谈论一个话题时,常常用现在完成时提出该话题,然后用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等。
“I have got a headache.” “No wonder.You worked in front of that computer too long.”
“Have you shown him around the museum yet?”“Yes.We had a great time there.”
③一般过去时、现在完成时都可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。区别是:一般过去时表示某动作曾持续一段时间,但在过去某个时间就已终止;现在完成时则表示某动作一直持续到现在,还没有终止。I have lived in London for many years,and I’ve got used to the life there.I lived in London for many years,but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者
小窍门: 我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成: be + 及物动词的过去分词 表示时态 表示被动
要变化 不变化 1.被动语态的构成
一般现在时:am/is/are done 一般过去时:was/were done 一般将来时:shall/will be done 过去将来时:should/would be done 现在进行时:am/is/are being done 过去进行时:was/were being done 现在完成时:has/have been done 过去完成时:had been done 1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)[S + V] 这些动词常见的有:appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如:The children are playing happily.孩子们正在高兴地玩。2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] 如:The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢住在中国。3.主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P] 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。
常见的系动词有:be(是);get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)等。如: ①He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。②The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO] 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”常见的双宾语结构: bring sb.sth(bring sth to sb).give sb.sth(give sth to sb.)hand sb.sth(hand sth to sb.)leave sb.sth(leave sth.to sb)lend sb.sth(lend sth to sb)pass sb sth(pass sth to sb)return sb.sth(return sth to sb)send sb sth(send sth to sb)show sb sth(show sth.to sb.)tell sb sth(tell sth to sb)write sb sth(write sth to sb)buy sb sth(buy sth for sb)do sb sth(do sth for sb)get sb sth(get sth for sb)make sb.sth(make sth for sb)pay sb.sth(pay sth for sb)sing sb sth(sing sth for sb)这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,但要加介词for或to。如:
(二)用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明,如:at this time yesterday,at 7:00 yesterday ,last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。
My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .
注意:(1)以when引导的时间状语从句中,从句动作,主句用过去进行时,表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。When he called me , I was having dinner .
(2)以while引导的时间状语从句中,从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,while常译为“当……的时候,同时”。Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .
2、与always,constantly,forever等副词连用,带有感情色彩 He was always ringing me up.
3、过去进行时可表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事
Mr. Brown was coming to dinner.
一、初中英语常见时态的教学方法
(1)利用情境教学方法进行英语时态教学。在初中英语教学过程中,教师应以联系实际生活的方式对学生进行教育,因为语言的产生都是为了满足现实生活的需求,而且不同环境下所要使用的语言也是不同的,相同的语言在不同的语境下所表现出来的意思也会有很大的差异,英语也是一样。因此,教师在进行时态教学的时候,必须要联系实际生活及不同的语言环境。比如教师说课是现在进行时、备课是一般过去时,下课布置作业就是一般将来时了。
(2)利用对比教学方法进行英语时态教学。在初中英语教学中,较为常用的几种时态之间区别较小,为了让学生更准确地了解这些时态,教师必须要对几种常见时态进行对比,以便让学生能够了解这些时态之间的区别,从而确保学生在使用这些时态时可以使用最为适宜的时态。在初中英语时态教学过程中,教师可以将八种较为常见的英语时态两两进行对比分析,以便学生更好地理解这些时态的使用。教师在讲解这些时态时,需要对这些时态之间进行对比分析,并总结出其中的不同之处,以便帮助学生更好地理解这些时态,并让学生对常见时态形成完整概念,从而确保其能够正确使用英语时态。
(3)对学生甄别时态的能力进行强化。英语时态的学习不能只靠学生在课堂上的理解和消化,还需要在课后进行大量的练习,只有如此,学生应用英语时态的能力才能真正得到强化。这就需要学生在课余时间进行强化练习,以便更有效地对自己的语言感知能力进行强化。例如在教师讲解过现在完成时与过去完成时后,学生可以在课余时间找一些相关的题目进行练习,以便加深自己对现在完成时与过去完成时的理解。而教师也可以根据自己的教学经验对这两种时态的应用进行总结,并对学生进行具体的应用训练,以便学生能够真正理解这两种时态的应用。
二、初中英语常见时态教学实例
(1)现在完成时的教学。现在完成时是初中英语所包含的较为常见的时态之一,其所表达的意思是指过去发生的事情对现在所造成的影响。一般情况下,其会与already、just、never等副词共同使用。比如:He has never go there.
现在完成时的使用环境主要有两种,一种情况是为了表达过去所发生的事情一直延续到现在,另一种情况则是延续到现在的趋势还在进行。这种情况下,现在完成时会和since短语或者for短语共同使用。比如:I have learned Chinese for 8 years./Ihave learned Chinese since 8 years ago.
(2)现在进行时的教学。在初中英语教学过程中,现在进行时也是一种较为常见的时态,其所表达的意义会随着语境的变化而改变。比如:He is shopping with tom now.这种语境下所使用的现在进行时是为了表示某个动作正在发生。比如:He isworking hard today./The population of the word is growing very fast.在这句话中,现在进行时所表达的意思是某一阶段正在进行的动作,只是在说话时这个动作不确定是否还在进行。再比如:Jackis always misplacing my glasses.在这句话中,现在进行时所想要表达的是一种强烈的情感。而这种情况下,现在进行时则需要与always、forever等副词共同使用。
综上所述,初中英语时态教学是为了给学生学习更高层次的英语语法奠定坚实的基础,也只有在真正理解且能够正确使用常见英语时态的基础上,学生才可以更好地学习深层次的英语语法。因此,初中英语教师在讲解英语时态的时候,应该使用有效的教学方法,并加强对学生进行时态应用训练,以便学生能够更好地理解英语时态的应用,不断走向成才。
摘要:时态作为学习英语的重要内容,其使用与动词的形式有很大关系。在初中英语教学中,英语时态教学不仅是英语教学工作的重要环节,也是促使学生有效学习英语的重要条件。教师要分析初中英语常见时态的教学方法,并对一些初中英语常见时态教学的实例进行研究。
—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We _____ here for more than two hours. (2016年北京卷)
A. waited B. wait
C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
解析
题干句意为:——打扰一下,你们在等哪场电影?——最新的《星球大战》。我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。由对话提供的语境和时间状语for more than two hours可知,等着看电影这件事情已经持续了两个多小时,而且该动作还未结束,还会持续下去,符合现在完成进行时所表达的时间概念和意义,故选D。A、C两项是过去时态,与现在正在进行的对话所表示的时间不符;B项是一般现在时,也不能表示出完成和持续的意义。
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去、完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有关系,其结果或影响仍然存在。现在完成时除了可以与for、since引导的状语连用外,还可以和during/in/over the last/past few months/weeks/years、in recent years、lately、recently、so far、up to/till now等连用。例如:
In the last few years, China _____ great achievements in environmental protection. (2015年北京卷)
A. has made B. had made
C. was making D. is making
解析
题干句意为:在过去的几年里,中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可知,make这个动作从过去某个时间一直持续到现在并对现在造成影响,所以应用现在完成时,故选A。
除了上述情况外,现在完成时还常用在下列句型中:① It is/has been +一段时间+ since从句. ② This/That/It is the first/second/... time + that从句. ③ This/That/It is the only ... + that从句. ④ This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting ... + that从句. 除了这些句型,现在完成时还会用在时间或条件状语从句中,用来代替将来完成时。例如:I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. (这封信我一写完就会寄出去。) (现在完成时用在时间状语从句中)再比如:Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. (等到车停稳再下车。) (现在完成时用在条件状语从句中)
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。当强调过去某个动作发生在另一过去动作之前时,常用过去完成时。例如:
When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____ for years. (2016年天津卷)
A. didn't see B. haven't seen
C. hadn't seen D. wouldn't see
解析
题干句意为:在街上散步的时候,我碰到了戴维,我已经几年没见到他了。由时间状语for years可知应使用完成时,可排除A、D两项。主句谓语动词came across (碰到)使用的是一般过去时,而定语从句中的谓语“没见面”是在“碰到”之前发生的事情,故应使用“过去的过去”,即过去完成时,因此选C。
过去完成时还常用在下面几种情况中。
①当before、by the end of、by the time、until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时,在此之前发生的动作要用过去完成时。例如:By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. (到去年年底为止,我们已经生产出两万辆汽车了。)再比如:The train had left before we reached the station. (在我们到达车站之前,火车就已经开走了。)
②“时间名词+ before”在句中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. (他说他的第一位老师去世至少有十年了。)而当“时间名词+ ago”在句中作状语时,谓语动词则要用一般过去时。
③表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had expected/hoped/intended/meant/planned/thought/wanted等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式表示,即expected/hoped/intended/meant/planned/thought/wanted to do。例如:I had planned to pay you a visit, but I had an unexpected visitor. = I planned to visit you, but I had an unexpected visitor. (我本来打算去拜访你,但我家来了个不速之客。)
nlc202309080917
④在表示“一……就……”的几个句型中,主句用过去完成时,即“Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had +主语+过去分词+ before/than/when +一般过去时”。例如:No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. (我们刚一落座车就开了。)
一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去的习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。它所表示的事情纯属发生在过去,与现在的情况没有联系,常跟明确的过去时间状语连用,如a few days ago、at that time、during the war、in 1945、last week、once、when、yesterday等。例如:
—Is Peter coming?
—No, he _____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. (2015年重庆卷)
A. changes B. changed
C. was changing D. had changed
解析
题干句意为:——彼得会来吗?——不会来了,他在最后一刻接了个电话后改变了主意。根据句意,“改变主意”这件事情已经发生,故应使用一般过去时。这道题不少考生选择了had changed,但本题前面并没有出现过去时,因此不能使用过去完成时。
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,也可以表示将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或保持的状态,常常和表示将来的时间状语连用,如in the future、next week、tomorrow等。例如:
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _____ with success in the end. (2016年北京卷)
A. rewarded B. were rewarded
C. will reward D. will be rewarded
解析
题干句意为:那些学生一直在刻苦学习,他们的努力最终会得到成功的回报。And连接的并列句中前半句使用了现在完成进行时,后半句表达的是将来会产生的结果,故排除A、B两项。再根据efforts和reward (奖赏,回报)之间的被动关系可知应选D。
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始并继续下去的动作,也可用来表示礼貌性的询问、请求等。将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作时一般带有时间状语,如at this time this afternoon、at that time next Monday等。例如:
Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she _____ a class at that time. (2015年天津卷)
A. will teach B. would teach
C. has taught D. will be teaching
解析
题干句意为:简无法参加今天下午三点钟的会议,因为那会儿她正在上课。本题有明确的时间状语at that time,根据句意可知that time指的是3 o'clock this afternoon这个时刻,说明teach a class这个动作发生在将来某个时刻,而表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作要用将来进行时,故选D。
将来进行时还常用于以下几种场合。
①表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来。例如:I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. (我想知道今天下午是否会继续下雨。)再比如:I think that she will be working on this experiment until tomorrow morning. (我觉得到明天早晨为止她会一直做这个实验。)
②表示将来预计要发生的动作或对将来的预测。例如:If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall. (如果你在春天种下西瓜种子,你将在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。)
③表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)。例如:My duties will end in July, and I'll be returning to Shanghai. (7月份我的工作就结束了,我打算返回上海。)
以上就是高考考查的七种热点时态,大家在今后的学习中要多总结,灵活掌握。与此同时,大家也不能忽略了对一般现在时、现在进行时、过去将来时和将来完成时的学习。只有全面学习,重点突破,才能彻底拿下高考英语时态题。
1. 一般现在时
①表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100°C.
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如:
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会,我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
2. 一般过去时
①一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如:
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如:
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型:
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
英语完形填空复习试题
It was a freezing day, when I picked up a wallet in the street. There was nothing 1 but a letter that was 2 Hellen. On the torn 3 I found the return address, so I called information. The operator asked me to 4 on, and she came back on the 5 soon, she told me that Hellenes family had 6 their house years ago. Hellen had to 7 her mother in a nursing home.
I called and found out that Hellenes mother had 8 , The woman who answered 9 that Hellen herself was 10 living here.
The director waited for me at the 11 of the nursing home. I went up to the third floor. Hellen was an old woman with a warm smile and 12 eyes. I told her about finding the wallet and showed her the letter. She took a deep 13 “Young man,” she said, “this was the 14 letter I had written to Mike 60 years ago. I loved him very much. I guess no one ever 15 up to him. I still think of him…”
I thanked Hellen and came back to the director. His secretary looked at the wallet 16 and said, “Hey, that’s Mr. Goldstein’s. He’s always losing it. He’s 17 here on the 8th floor. That’s his wallet, for 18 .”
We hurried to him and asked 19 he had lost his wallet. Mike felt his back pocket and then said. “Goodness, it’s missing.”
When I returned him the wallet and told him where Hellen was, he grew 20 . “When the letter came,” He said, “my life ended. I never married.”
We took him to Helen’s room. They stood, looked at each other for a minute and embraced (拥抱).
1. A. on B. here C. inside D. outside
2. A. sent for B. written to C. given D. signed
3. A. letter B. envelope C. wallet D. back
4. A. hold B. keep C. put D. go
5. A. way B. floor C. line D. car
6. A. bought B. sold C. moved D. built
7. A. carry B. place C. drive D. bury
8. A. left B. returned C. stayed D. died
9. A. explained B. thought C. discovered D. considered
10. A. again B. still C. now D. then
11. A. door B. house C. office D. wall
12. A. bursting B. freezing C. friendly D. lively
13. A. dive B. sight C. how D. breath
14. A. important B. oldest C. first D. last
15. A. went B. matched C. caught D. measured
16. A. immediately B. clearly C. closely D. exactly
17. A. also B. over C. right D. still
18. A. sure B. pleasure C. help D. interest
19. A. that B. if C. where D. when
20. A. nervous B. silent C. pale D. anxious
参考答案:1~5 CDBAC 6~10 BBDAB 11~15 ACDDB 16~20 C高考英语语法时态复习知识点BC
英语常见单词
stamp邮票
envelope信封
package / parcel 包裹
overweight 超重
extra postage 额外邮资
send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信
express mail 快件
airmail 航空信件
surface mail 陆地邮寄
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