高一英语必修三课文

高一英语必修三课文（精选7篇）

高一英语必修三课文 篇1

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next, green plants began to grow on land.They were followed in time by land animals.Some were insects.Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.They produced young generally by laying eggs.After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.But they are not looking after the earth very well.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOON Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.We visited the moon in our spaceship!

Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.Then we were off.As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other.Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.“Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked.“We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all.When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.” I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.“Come on,” I said.“If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.I shall certainly weigh less!” I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship.But when I tried to step forward.I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.“Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s.But returning to the earth was very frightening.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.“That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said.“Now I know much more about gravity!Do you think we could visit some stars next time?” “Of course,” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”

高一英语必修三课文 篇2

2003年教育部出台的《普通高中英语课程标准 (实验) 》 (以下简称《新课标》) 中指出, 高中英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。其中, 语言技能是其重要的组成部分, 包括听, 说, 读, 写四个方面的技能综合运用。[1]王玉晓认为, 作为英语输入的主要途径之一和英语的必备技能, 英语听力备受重视。[2]在日常交际中听力技能占有重要位置, 而教材是培养学生听力技能最直接的工具。然而, 没有完美无缺的教材, 也没有适用于每个人的教材。因此, 对整本教材, 特别是对教材中听力板块的分析评价就非常必要了。

国外不少学者为教材评价做出贡献, 例如Sheldon提出整体印象评价和定性评价。[3]而针对国内教材研究, 束定芳、庄智象指出:教材评价要与具体的教学目标相结合, 要看教材是否与教学大纲所提出的教学目标相吻合。[4]教材的编写依据课程标准, 因此本研究依据《新课标》中听力技能的要求对NSEC教材必修三的听力板块进行评价。

二、“Listening”板块分析与评价

《新课标》要求高中阶段听力技能应达到七级水平。具体体现在以下几个方面:能识别语段中的重要信息并进行简单的推断;能听懂操作性指令, 并能根据要求和指令完成任务;能听懂正常语速听力材料中对人和物的描写、情节发展及结果等。[1]本研究以新课标为依据, 从听力材料的内容, 形式以及听力技能三个方面对人教版必修三的听力部分进行分析评价。

(一) 听力内容。通过统计必修三学生用书的Listening板块, 听力材料的内容均是以单元相关话题呈现, 题材丰富。其中涉及到节日、健康饮食、戏剧、天文, 地理等。该板块紧扣单元主题, 并与其他板块相互补充, 相互促进。例如第三单元的听力部分是由Listening, writing, and acting三部分的有机组合。首先学生对听力部分进行预测, 然后听材料进行核对并回答问题。最后假设学生是戏剧的主人公, 根据戏剧编写提纲进行戏剧创作。最终学生们表演出自己的戏剧场景。本单元听力部分的材料在内容的选择上与前面的Reading部分联系紧密, 即对课文内容的续写, 并且书面结果以表演的形式灵活的呈现。因此, 重要知识点不仅能在不同板块得以复现, 而且极大的提高了学生的学习兴趣, 使每一位学生都能融入听力学习之中, 获得成功的喜悦感, 提高学生自主学习能力。

(二) 听力形式。通过对人教版必修三的统计发现, 听力形式主要以文章和对话为主, 包括两篇对话和三篇文章。具体形式涉及辨音、选择、回答问题、填表格、补全句子、听后猜图片内容、听后写大意、听后表演、续写剧本等。听力过程中还与说, 读, 写三种技能相结合进行综合训练。每个单元乃至整本书中, 教材都依据学生生理和心理特点以及他们的认知发展水平和情感需要对听力形式进行合理安排, 循序渐进, 逐渐缓解学生认为听力难的畏惧心理。例如第一单元听力部分, 首先通过图片对听力内容进行猜测, 然后听对话回答问题, 最后根据听力材料学生自己编写一段新对话并进行表演。而对整本书而言, 从对话到篇章, 从辨音、选择到补全句子、填写表格、编写剧本。总之, 听力板块形式多样, 由易到难, 循序渐进, 提高了听力学习的趣味性与有效性。

(三) 听力技能。与旧教材相比, NSEC的一大亮点是, Listening板块以听力技能为主, 巧妙的与说, 读, 写三种技能融为一体。具体体现在以下几个方面:在听力的过程中常伴有讨论交流, 阅读资料, 编写对话, 进行表演等, 几种形式适当的分配在各个单元之中。例如第五单元的Listening部分, 首先对听力内容进行预测, 然后根据听力内容补全句子。最后边听边做记录, 接着以对话的形式呈献给大家。杨春娟认为, 听与写配合训练非常重要, 它是从口语过度到书面语, 从听说到写不可缺少的桥梁, 也是测试听力的重要手段之一。[5]因此, 学生通过听力理解其中关键词, 抓住文章大意, 并与写作训练相互配合。有助于发展学生的抽象思维能力和逻辑思维能力, 提高学生的语言表达能力和写作能力。为综合语言技能的培养与日常交际能力的提高提供有力支撑。

三、结语

本文从三个维度, 通过统计分析的方法对Listening板块进行分析评价。首先听力内容以单元主题呈现, 题材丰富多样, 但话题对于部分学生比较生疏, 因此教师要提前了解学生知识建构, 组织学生课前做好必要准备。其次, 听力形式多样, 激发学生兴趣, 但教材中的听力口音过于单一, 这与语言在日常的实际交流运用中不符。因此教师要灵活运用教材, 适当时添加不同口音的听力材料。最后, 活动设计对发展学生的听力能力有很大帮助, 与此同时口语、阅读、写作能力也得到相应提高。总之, 必修三Listening板块的设计基本符合《新课标》中听力技能七级目标的要求, 为综合语言运用能力的培养打下良好基础。因此教材使用者要学会灵活运用教材, 学会根据学生创造性的使用并开发教材, 注重学生听力技能的培养。

摘要：人教版新高中英语 (NSEC) 现已在全国被广泛使用, 与旧教材相比“Listening”板块有了新的变化。本研究以相关教材评价理论为依据, 试图从听力材料的内容、形式以及听力技能三个方面对NSEC教材必修三的“Listening”板块进行分析与评价, 帮助教材使用者灵活运用教材, 提高听力能力。

关键词：NSEC,“Listening”板块,教材评价

参考文献

[1]中华人民共和国教育部.普通高中英语课程 (实验) [M].人民教育出版社, 2003.

[2]王玉晓.论语言输入与外语习得[J].安阳师范学院学报, 2005, (4) :104-105.

[3]Sheldon, L.Evaluation ELTT ext books and Materials[J].ELT Journal, 1988 (4) :237-246.

[4]束定芳, 庄智象.现代外语教学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1996.

高一英语必修三课文 篇3

1. diet

【考纲释义】 n. 饮食,食物; (适合某种疾病的) 特种饮食v.节食;吃限定食物

Their diet chiefly consists of grain and vegetables.他们的饮食主要是谷类和蔬菜。

No chocolate, please. I’m on a diet.请不要放巧克力,我正在节食。

No sugar in my coffee, please; I’m dieting.请不要给我的咖啡放糖,我在节食。

【知识拓展】 go on a diet节食;吃限定食物 be on a diet 在节食中

2. balance

【考纲释义】n.平衡;均衡;天平;秤vt. (1) 使平衡;保持……的平衡;权衡;比较

The child couldn’t keep his balance on his new bicycle.孩子骑在他的新自行车上不能保持平衡。

In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store? 实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?

In order to balance their trade, they would have to buy less goods in the United States. 为了平衡贸易,他们将不得不减少在美国购货。

You have to balance the advantages of living downtown against the disadvantages. 你必须权衡住在市中心的利弊。

【知识拓展】 in the balance(命运)未定,在危急中;不确定 off balance不稳on balance总的来说 balanced adj. 均衡的;平衡的a balanced diet 均衡的饮食

3. strength

【考纲释义】 n. 强项;长处;力量

I have hardly enough strength left to move my feet. 我连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。

The growing strength of the Third World — and of the most populous country, China, in particular — is an important factor for world peace. 第三世界的力量,特别是第三世界国家中人口最多的中国的力量,是世界和平力量发展的重要因素。

Although English is not my strength, you should learn it hard. To master a foreign language is quite important. 尽管英语不是我的长处,你还是应该好好学,掌握一门外语很重要。

【知识拓展】 strengthenv. 增强get the strength to do something 鼓起勇气做某事 to strengthen one’s character使自己的性格变坚强

power, strength, force辨析:

power用法最广,用于各种身体的、心理的、隐藏的、外显的力量,也可指事物的某种作用力或动力;strength指内部的能力,是身体组织内存在的体力;force指运用或发挥出来的外在的、活动的力,含有克服阻力而使人或物按要求的方向运动之意。

4. benefit

【考纲释义】 n.利益;好处 vt. & vi. 有益于;有助于

We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels. 我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

These facilities have benefited the whole town.这些设施使用权全城受益。

Who is likely to benefit most by the new tax laws?什么人可能从新的税法中得到最大的好处。

【知识拓展】 for / to sb.’s benefit 为了某人的利益 by the benefit of 由于……的恩惠 acquire(get, have, receive) the benefit of 获得……之益 give sb. the benefit 给予某人利益lose the benefit of 丧失……的利益benefit from / by sth.

5. combine

【考纲释义】 vt. & vi. (使)联合;(使)结合

What chemicals combine together to form water? 什么化学元素化合成水?

The two teams combined and did very well in the sports meet. 在运动会上这两个队合并成一个队,成绩很好。

We consider it necessary to combine theory with practice. 我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。

【知识拓展】词语辨析: combine, join,和connect.

join指把性质相同但形体上分离的东西直接“连接”起来,使其结合在一起,成为较大的集体或物体,关系较connect密切;combine指原来性质或成分不同的的东西合并成一体,“合并、联合”,联合之后使得个体被忽略,强调整体性; connect表示“连接、结合”,指两者相互连接,但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态,强调用连接物或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。

6. consult

【考纲释义】 vt. 咨询;请教;商量

If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 若要主意好,老人须请教。

If you are ill, consult a doctor.如果你病了,就找医生看病。

It is important that consult with expert before you make a decision. 在做重大决定之前和专家商量是很重要的。

【知识拓展】 consult with同……商量

二、短语诠释

1. get away with被放过;(做坏事)不受惩罚

I won’t let him get away with that excuse. 我不会让他用那种借口蒙混过去。

For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine. 他犯了那么严重的过失, 却侥幸只交罚款了事。

Those who lie and cheat will never get away with it. 那些撒谎和欺骗别人的人决不会逃得过惩罚。

2. get rid of 摆脱;除去

The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。

How can you get rid of a bad habit? 你怎样才能改掉坏习惯呢?

I should like to get rid of the responsibility for this job, but there doesn’t seem to be anyone. 我真想摆脱对这项工作的责任,但是看来没有合适的人可以交出去。

3. in debt欠债

She was in debt when she was poor, but has been out of debt since she got rich. 以前穷的时候她欠了债,可自从富了以后就没欠债了。

We should reduce our expenses, or we will be in debt. 我们得减少支出,否则就要负债了。

【知识拓展】 in sb’s debt 欠某人的人情debt crisis 债务危机deep in debt 负债累累 pay one’s debt 还债pay off one’s debt 还清债务 run / get into debt 欠债

4. throw away扔掉;丢弃

Don’t throw away those rotten vegetables, we can feed them to the pigs. There’s nothing so bad as not to be good for something. 不要把那些腐烂的蔬菜扔了,我们可能拿它来喂猪。凡物无论好坏,各有所用。

Fires are often caused by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 火灾经常是由人们不小心扔掉的烟蒂引起的。

【知识拓展】 throw about乱丢(东西),乱花(钱) throw down推倒throw light on使明白,阐明throw up呕吐

三、句式详解

1. Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with him as he always did. 如果茂昌不像往常那样来和他一起吃饭,那就一定是发生了什么可怕的事情。

句中的must + have + 过去分词,表示对过去动作或状态的推测,意为“(过去)一定做过某事”。例如:

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了,因为今晨地面是潮湿的。

此外,should (ought to) have + 过去分词表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“should not / ought not to have + 过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了; “needn’t have + 过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事;“may / might have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测,表示“过去可能 / 大概已做了某事”;否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”;“can / could have + 过去分词”表示“过去本来可以做某事,但实际上没有做”;否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”;疑问句表示“可能 / 也许已做了某事吗?”。例如:

You shouldn’t / ought not to have been here so early. 你本不应该来这里这么早的。

He may have been at home for about two hours. 他也许在家等了两小时了。

It could have been seen from here if it had not been so dark. 如果天不那么黑,你会从这儿望见他的。

She can’t / couldn’t have been waiting for us so long. 她不大可能等我们那么久。(对过去的事情的否定的判断。

2. They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. 他们供应汉堡包加生冷蔬菜,和水煮土豆,而不是油炸土豆。

rather than用作连词,相当于but not,意为“而不”、“不是……(而是)”、“与其……(不如)”,前后连接的成分应该是平行的,可为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式或介词短语等。例如:

He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师还不如说他是作家。

You are doing this for yourself rather than for others. 你做这件事不是为别人而是为你自己。

Taking exercise every day makes him look younger rather than older.每天锻炼身体使他显得年轻而不是年老。

He would die rather than give up smoking.他宁死也不愿戒烟。

We’ll have tea in the garden rather than in the house.我们要在花园里喝茶而不想在屋里喝茶。

注意:若 rather than 位于句首,其后的不定式通常不带to (也可用动名词)。如:

Rather than go there by air, I’d take the slowest train. 我宁可乘最慢的火车去也不愿坐飞机去。

Rather than waste (wasting) your time doing it yourself, why don’t you call in a build-er? 你为什么宁愿浪费时间自己干而不愿去请一个包工呢?

rather than连接两个成分作主语时,其谓语动词的数通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如:

高一英语必修三课文 篇4

Unit 5 Music Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician? Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.But just how do people form a band?

Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someone’s house is the first step to fame.Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!

However, there was one band that started in a different way.It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing.They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough.They had to use actors for the other three members of the band.As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them.So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing.Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups.They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them.Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians.However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music.In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records.The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s.They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.FREDDY THE FROG(II)Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour.Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts.Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall.He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards!His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “Top of the Pops.” He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera.It felt very strange.But as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room started ringing.Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again.They were truly stars.Then things went wrong.Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.Even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them.Fans found them even when they went into the toilet.They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was useless.Someone was always there!Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them.So they left Britain, to which they were never to return, and went back to the lake.

高一英语必修三课文 篇5

shouldn’t have done表示“本来不应该做而做了”。

-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday.

-Oh, you ______ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. (上海)

A. must B. mustn’t C. should D. shouldn’t

【点拨】 选C。题意为“对不起，史密斯教授，我昨天没有完成功课。”“噢，你应该完成的，因为昨天是最后的期限。”should have done符合题意。

2. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (P2)

【考点】 keep sb. / sth. done表示“让某人/某事处于被……”，do与sb. / sth. 之间是被动关系。

【考例】 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. (上海 2010)

A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused

【点拨】 选A。amuse与her colleagues之间是被动关系，故A项正确。

3. ...; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face ... (P2)

【考点】 It / This / That is / was the first / second / third / ... time (that) ... 意为“这/那是某人第一/二/三/……次……”。如果主句中的谓语动词是is，则that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时;如果主句中的谓语动词是was，则从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。

【考例】 This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family. (陕西)

A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen

【点拨】 选D。由主句中的is可知，从句时态应用现在完成时。

4. British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?

American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment.

[考点] would like / love to 想要，愿意。它的肯定回答是：Yes, I’d like / love to;否定回答是：I’d like / love to, but ... 或者I’m afraid not。

[考例1] -Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?

-______, but I promised Nancy to go out with her. (全国卷I)

A. I’d like to B. I like itC. I don’t D. I will

[点拨] 选A。I’d like to 相当于I’d like to join you for a quick lunch before class。本句的句意为：我很乐意去，但是我答应Nancy要和她一块儿出去。

[考例2] -Would you like to join us in the game?

-______, for I have something important to attend to. (福建 2008)

A. I will B. I’d love to C. I won’t D. I’m afraid not

高一英语必修三课文 篇6

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals.有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。

Festivals of the Dead亡灵节

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。For the Japanese festival.Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets.万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。Festivals to Honour People纪念名人的节日

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.也有纪念名人的节日。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.中国的端午节（龙舟节），是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World.美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。Harvest Festivals庆丰收的节日

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。Spring Festivals春天的节日

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.（他们）舞龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.狂欢节期间，人们身着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world.复活节是全世界基督徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命的到来。Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as thought it is covered with pink snow.（节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。People love to get together to eat , drink and have fun with each other.人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。

2.必修三Unit 1 A SAD LOVE STORY一段伤心的爱情故事 Li Fang was heart-broken.李方的心都碎了。It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work.这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会在咖啡馆和他见面的。But she didn’t turn up.可现在她却不见人影。She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.也许她这会儿跟朋友在一起，正在取笑他呢。She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.她说她会在7点到达，他(李方)认为她会守信用的。He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool.他一整天都期盼着见到她，而现在他拿着玫瑰花和巧克力独自一人守候着，像个傻瓜一样。Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.他不想屏息等她来道歉，He would drown his sadness in coffee.他要用咖啡来解愁。

It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed!很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开一一他擦好桌子，然后坐下来，打开电视机。这正合了李方的意！A sad Chinese story about lost love.正在播出的是流传在中国的一个悲伤的爱情故事。The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth.王母娘娘的外孙女下凡来到人间。Her name was Zhinü, the weaving girl.她的名字叫织女，做纺织活的女孩。While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(“Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.)她在人间遇到了牛郎，两人相爱了。(李方想“这正像我和胡瑾。”)They got married secretly, and they were very happy.(“We could be like that,” thought Li Fang.)于是他们秘密结了婚，并且生活得十分幸福。(李方想,“我们也可以像他们那样幸福的。”)When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven.王母娘娘知道自己的孙女跟一个世上的凡人结了婚，她勃然大怒，强行把织女带回到天宫。Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milly Way, stopped him.当牛郎试图追上去，却被银河阻挡住了。Finding that Zhinü was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.看到织女伤心欲绝，最后王母娘娘决定让这对夫妻每年跨过银河相会一次。Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.阴历七月初七，喜鹊们会展翅搭桥，让这对恋人过河相会。People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.中国人都希望这天天气晴朗，因为如果碰到下雨，这就意味着织女在哭泣，两个恋人不能见面。

The announcer said,” This is the story of Qiqiao Festival.主持人说道：“这就是乞巧节的故事。When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story.外国朋友听到这个故事就将它称作中国的情人节。It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.” 今天天气晴朗，我希望你们都能见到所爱的人。”

As Li Fang set off for home, he thought,” I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me.I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away.I don’t want them to remind me of her.” 李方动身往家走，心里想：“我想胡瑾是不爱我了，把这些鲜花和巧克力都扔了吧。我不想因它们想起她来。” So he did.于是他把花和巧克力都扔了。

As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him.在回家路上，他神情失落地走过拐角处的一家茶馆，听到有人叫他的名字。There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling , “why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time!And I have a gift for you!” 那是胡瑾在向他招手，她喊道：“你为什么这么晚才来呢? 我一直在这儿等你好久了!这是我送给你的礼物!”

高一英语必修三课文 篇7

阅读是学生获取信息的重要途径,也是新课标要求的语言技能之一。阅读课作为培养学生阅读能力的课型,在中学英语课堂中十分常见,然而要真正上好阅读课并非易事。《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》指出,在阅读教学中要“特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力”(教育部2003)。而在传统的阅读课上,许多教师受困于“语言第二,应试第一”的价值取向(葛炳芳2012),往往将文本信息匆匆带过,使得阅读课成了词汇语法课。一堂课下来,学生体验不到阅读材料所体现的文本魅力(张弘2015),更无法从阅读课中提升思维能力。对于阅读课来说,文本作为阅读对象是阅读的前提和基础,处理文本的方法直接影响一堂阅读课的质量。因此,针对阅读课,笔者将着眼点重新置于文本,并结合具体课例探讨综合视野下的“四构”文本处理方式。

一、“四构”文本

“四构”分别指文本的初构(Ice-breaking)、解构(Deconstruction)、重构(Reconstruction)、创构(Creation)(葛炳芳2015)。

文本初构为输入阶段,指激活图式,是对表层信息进行初步加工;解构为输入阶段,同时可设置一些输出性活动,是在初步加工表层信息的基础上对相关信息的进一步阐释与整合。在这一阶段,教师可根据教学目标对内容、语言、思维有不同程度的侧重;重构是由输入为主的活动向输出为主活动的一个过渡、整合过程,可以是基于内容阐述观点,也可以是基于观点进行思考与评价;创构是基于输入的输出阶段,学生根据文本内容,运用所学语言进行思想表达、创写等,是内容、语言、思维三大核心要素高度综合的过程。

二、综合视野理论指导下的“四构”文本处理

英语阅读教学综合视野的理论以“为内容而读,为思维而教,为语言而学”和“体验阅读过程,感受策略运用”为核心理念,强调阅读教学要依托阅读文本展开,以内容、语言、思维为三大核心要素(葛炳芳2015)。阅读文本是基础,就阅读文本而言,综合视野下的阅读教学关注三个本质问题:(1)所选用的教学文本有何价值?(2)如何实现这些教学价值?(3)如何知道这些教学价值是否已经实现?(葛炳芳2015)对于日常课堂而言,虽然教学材料是确定的,但教师仍然可以从这些固定的教学文本中发掘教学价值,确定教学目标。

综合视野下的文本“四构”为文本处理提供了指导方向。综合视野理论对文本的“四构”处理方式为教学中的文本处理提供了切实可操作的路线。教师可以通过对本文进行初构、解构、重构实现文本的教学价值,通过创构检测教学价值是否实现。笔者将基于该理论,结合一堂教学观摩课,解读英语文本阅读教学,进一步阐述文本的“四构”。

三、案例探讨

该课例的文本为人教版高中英语必修三第五单元的阅读语篇A Trip on“The True North”。话题为travelling,是新课标要求的话题之一。学生对这一话题较感兴趣且较熟悉。全文以李黛予和刘倩乘坐火车去加拿大看望表兄妹的故事为线索展开,记叙了他们坐火车穿越加拿大一路上的见闻,介绍了加拿大的城市、人口、自然环境、生态资源等内容。基于此,笔者将结合该课例,依照整堂课读前、读中、读后三个阶段的顺序探究如何将综合视野理论下文本“四构”处理方式实践于实际教学中。

(一)读前———初构文本

读前也即导入,在该阶段如何与文本相结合进行文本初构呢?在该课例中,教师通过询问学生是否喜欢旅行,并以让学生分享自己的旅行经历的方式引入旅行的主题。接着,教师呈现了学生所熟知的关于加拿大的一些信息,让学生猜测将要学习的国家。文本初构,如前所述,是激活图式、提取并处理表层信息的输入过程。该阶段完成了文本初构中激活图式的环节,帮助学生将旧知与新知相联系,主要是对内容的激活,与此同时也可以引导学生回忆与旅行有关的概念。

综合视野强调内容、语言与思维的融合,在文本的初构阶段则以内容为主,兼顾语言与思维的激活(葛炳芳2015)。因此,在读前进行文本初构时,教师还可以通过头脑风暴、读前预测等活动激活学生的语言与思维图式。新知与旧知的衔接有助于学生对已经学过的内容进行巩固复习,有利于词汇积累(唐玉婷2014)。而在该课例中,教师采用了一项有意思的活动,即让学生根据标题与课文中的图片猜测题目中The True North指的是什么,并引导学生关注介词on,进而得出The True North指的是主人公乘坐的火车名字。可以说,该活动在引入内容的过程中激活了学生的思维。

(二)读中———初构、解构、重构相结合

在读中阶段,教师分四个步骤对文本进行处理。

首先,教师让学生快速阅读第一段,并将题目补充完整。_____had A Trip on“The True North”which is_______because they thought______.该过程要求学生在读前对题目进行理解的基础上,再次围绕题目,对第一段内容和信息进行提取并整合概括,完成对第一段文本的解构。该阶段重点关注文本内容,通过补充标题的活动引导学生运用阅读策略对第一段内容进行梳理概括,找出文章的人物、事件和起因。

接着,教师让学生阅读第二段,并找出Danny对于此次旅行的介绍,从而预测他们会在接下来的旅途中看到什么,即提取表层信息,激活图式,激发学生的阅读兴趣,进行文本初构。图式激活能够帮助学生为下一次的信息处理提供框架(郑晶2015),有助于提高阅读效果。

再接着,教师顺着Danny的话让学生找出文中提到的加拿大的城市名字,根据旅程的顺序填入工作单(如图1)中。该过程仍为提取表层信息,即初构文本的过程。在找出城市名称后,教师紧接着让学生阅读全文找出这些城市的信息,以笔记的形式填入工作单(如图1)中。该任务需要学生对信息进行整合,是以内容为核心指向的文本解构过程。

最后,教师让学生找出文中所述的沿途风景,然后引导学生思考使用catch sight of与使用see所传达的情感的不同,进而带领学生感受作者见到这些野生动物时的兴奋之情。该过程从提取表层信息到对信息内容进行阐释,是对文本进行初构到以语言为核心指向的文本解构的过程,有助于培养学生对语言的敏感性。除此之外,教师还引导学生发现两位主人公在见到沿途风景时的其他情感,并让学生基于对文本的理解,阐释主人公为何会产生这样的情感体验。这一过程是以思维为核心指向的文本重构处理。

从整个过程来看,教师运用文本初构、解构与重构相结合、螺旋前进的方式处理文本,主要通过问题链的方式对全文进行衔接处理。从该课例也可以发现,在处理文本的过程中,针对不同的信息点,教师可以反复利用从初构到解构,再到重构的过程,帮助学生从表层理解过渡到深入理解(如图2)。教师在引导学生对文本进行解构时,可以通过设计思维导图、问题链、教学留白等方法帮助学生实现这一过程(钱剑英、徐钰,等2015)。

(三)读后———创构文本

文本创构是基于输入进行输出即表达的阶段(葛炳芳2015)。在读后环节,教师引导学生回到题目,思考为什么这辆火车的名字要加上TRUE。该过程需要学生基于文本内容,并根据自己对文本的理解与解读,进行思想表达,这是在文本学习后进行的输出过程,也是对文本的“创构”处理。在这一阶段,教师通过学生的输出检测文本教学价值的实现与否。该活动的设置使内容、思维、语言达到了较大程度的融合,引导学生着眼于TRUE一词,从语言出发,回归文本内容,剖析作者观点,达到思维训练的目的,同时又借助语言表达思想,体现了英语阅读教学的综合视野。

结束语

综合视野下的“四构”文本处理方式为阅读文本的处理提供了方向,且具有可操作性。经课例分析后发现,在文本的处理过程中,文本的“四构”并非必然呈现简单的直线推进关系。教师在引导学生理解文本的过程中,可针对不同的信息点,分别进行文本初构、解构与重构,以帮助学生由浅入深地理解文本,并保证足够的输入,为输出做好铺垫。而通过观察学生在创构阶段的输出效果,教师可以检测到文本价值的实现与否,从而进行教学反思,提升教学质量。

参考文献

葛炳芳.2012.高中英语阅读教学改进策略的思考[J].课程·教材·教法,(2):94-98.

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