九年级英语试题一（精选8篇）
1. The students stood in circle and danced to the music.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
2. If you don’t give them a treat on Halloween, they will play a trick _________ you.
A. at B. to C. for D. on
3. Lily thinks the best way to learn English is by ________ to the conversations in English movies.
A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listens
4. —You must believe yourself. I don’t help you, you can study well.
—Thank you for encouraging me.
A. Because B. Unless C. Even though D. So
5. When I heard the news, I was _______ sad _______ I couldn’t say anything.
A. as; as B. too; to C. such; that D. so; that
6. ________ fun the Dragon Boat Festival is!
A. What B. It C. How D. It’s
7. This pair of shoes _______ Tom’s. They’re too big for him.
A. might be B. could be C. must be D. can’t be
8. Lucy is outgoing, but her twin sister Lily is quite ________.
A. active B. shy C. healthy D. brave
9. There are many beautiful flowers in the world, but in parents’ eyes, their children are the _________of all.
A. as beautiful as B. more beautiful C. less beautiful D. most beautiful
10. Bi Shumin _________ be a doctor, but now she is a writer.
A. used to B. was used to C. is used to D. use to
11. My grandmother is kind and she always treats others with _________.
A. warm B. warmly C. warmth D. warmer
12. My parents want to travel .
A. somewhere peaceful B. dangerous somewhere
C. somewhere boring D. fascinating somewhere
13. The boy his father. They are the same.
A. looks after B. looks for C. looks up D. takes after
14. The girl is reading under the tree my sister.
A. which; is B. who; is C. whom; is D. that; was
15.—Why didn’t you come to the dinner party? —Because I ________ .
A. di dn’t invited B. am not invited C. wasn’t invited D. haven’t invited
16. That dress ma de her ___ _____ a little old.
A. looks B. look C. looking D. to look
17. I ________ five pounds since last month. I ate too much.
A. have put on B. have put up C. have put off D. have put down
18.—Dad, I feel terrible now. —You’d better ask the doctor for ______
A. some advices B. an advice C. some advice D. some pieces of advices
19. —Could you help me put up the signs on the wall? — .
A. I hope so B. No problem C. That’s right D. That’s a good idea
20. They wonder _________ the English movie next Friday.
A. whether they will watch B. whether will they watch
C. whether they watched D. whether did they watch
二、阅读理解(共15小题，计30分)
A
People ha ve flown kites in Japan for over 1,000 years. There are different kinds of kites there. Some look like bats; others look like birds. Most have pictures on them.
There are many interesting stories about kites in Japan. One story tells about a thief who used a kite. He wanted to steal the gold from the top of a high tower. The thief and his friends made a large kite. One dark windy night he caught hold of the kite. His friends raised it into the air. Then they moved the kite near the top of the tower. The thief was able to steal the gold. Another story tells about a father and a son. They were in trouble on an island near Japan. The father made a large kite. His son flew in it back to Japan.
The young men of Japan have kite matches. When the kites are flying, the match starts. The young men try to break each other’s kite strings. The last kite left in the sky is the winner.
21. People have flown kites in Japan for _________.
A. less than 1,000 years. B. more than 1,000 years.
C. less than 1,500 years. D. more than1,500 years.
22. Most kites in Japan _________.
A. are very large. B. are quite small.
C. look small ,but beautiful. D. look nice with pictures.
23. In the kite match the young men try to .
A. stop each ot her’s kites from flying in the shy B. make their kites fly high
C. keep his own kite low to fall firstly. D. make very large kites themselves
24. The father in the passage made a large kite to help his son to _________.
A. fly over the island B. fly over the sea
C. return home D. ask for some help
25. The passage mainly tells us .
A. how to fly kites B. how a kite match starts
C. something about the kites in Japan D. the use of kites
B
New rules for school students came out in March. Our school is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are in July. The best students won’t only have high marks (分数). They are not supposed to dye(染) their hair, smoke or drink, either. The following are some of the new rules.
Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! An honest student shouldn’t do that. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents that you have done homework.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-Loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work togethe r, they will have more fun.
Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others. Not only yourself.
Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover another Earth someday. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.
Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids. So try to look at web pages that are good for you. You can use the web for fun or homework. Can’t you find any good websites for children? Here are some
26. When did the school new rules come out?
A. In January. B. In March. C. In May. D. In July.
27. The passage tells us how to .
A. be top students B. do more at school C. care for others D. use the Internet
28. How many new rules are mentioned in this article?
A. Two. B. Four. C. Six. D. Eight.
29. Internet can for children.
A. be a waste of time B. be useful for their studies
C. only be bad D. do homework for them
30. According to the passage, which of the following is not true ?
A. Take care of yourself when you are out. B. Tell the truth, even when you are wrong.
C. Keep some animals to protect them.
D. Use the Internet, but keep away from bad things.
C
Do you want to know about my staying in America? Well, to tell you the truth, it is really an eye-opening experience study here.
In China, I had English classes five times a week since fifth grade. However, I didn’t know how different between textbook English and everyday English until I came to Hotchkiss School, Connecticut.
When I first studied English, I was told to say, “I am fine.” when people say “How are you?” But in the US, I found that people say, “I am good.” or “I am tired.”
One day, someone greeted me with “What’s up?” It made me confused(困惑的). I thought for a moment and then smiled because I didn’t know what to say.
Since then, I have discovered more and more differences between Chinese and US cultures. To my surprise, US girls spend a lot of time in the burning sun to get a tan. However, in China, girls try every possib le way to get their skin paler, or “whiter.”
I also surprised by how hard-working. In China, schoolwork is almost everything, so we study hard. But here, a “good” student gets good grades, does a lot for the public and plays sports or music.
The kids here are so talented, I feel sorry that I gave up playing the piano at an early age and that I have never thought about sports.
31. According to the writer, textbook English is _________everyday English.
A. quite different from B. the same as C. more difficult than D. easier than
32. What does the word “tan ” mean in Chinese?
A. 能量 B. 变白 C. 晒黑 D. 晒红
33. A good US student spends his/her time ________.
A. only in d oing homework B. only on sports or music
C. on sports or music and public work
D. on studies, sports or music and public work
34. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The writer is now in US. B. American girls love to have white skin.
C. US students are talented. D. The writer has learned to play the piano.
35. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. My Own Travel in the US B. My Opinion about the US
C. My Studying in the US D. How to learn English
三、词汇考查(共10小题，计20分)
A) 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词。
36. He jumped with (pleased) when he got a dog.
37. It’s comfortable to stay at home on the (wind) days.
38. Shanghai is one of the (lively) cities in China.
39. I think the pink box must be (her).
40. Don’t be (worry) about your son. He isn’t a child anymore.
B) 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
41. The telephone ____________ (invent) by Bell in 1876.
42. Teenagers should be allowed _____________ (choose) their own clothes.
43. I practice my listening by _____________ (listen) to the tape over and over again.
44. Could you please tell me where I can get something ___________ (eat)?
45. Look! He must ______________ (run) to catch a bus.
四、完成句子(共5小题，计10分)
按括号内的要求完成下列英语句子，每空格限填一词。
46. Is there a bank in the neighborhood? Could you tell me?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
Could you tell me ___________ ___________ is a bank in the neighborhood?
47. This sign means cars and buses mustn’t turn right here.(对画线部分提问)
___________ ___________ this sign mean?
48. They poured the dirty water into the lake nearby. (改为被动语态)
The dirty water ___________ ___________ into the nearby lake.
49. 医生们现在知道如何对付这种病了。(汉译英)
The doctors now know how to___________ __________the disease.
50. 我误把他锁在教室里了。(汉译英)
2、将答案用蓝色、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔直接写在答题纸上。
Ⅰ . 阅读理解 (共17小题;每小题2分, 满分34分)
阅读下面材料, 从每题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
(A)
Different weather makes people feel different. It infl uences health, intelligence and feelings.
In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart troubleand other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hotat some times and very cold at other times. People in these states ( 州 ) have more heart trouble after theweather changes in February or March.
The weather can also infl uence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ ( 智商 ) of agroup of students was very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10%lower. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make itlower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August) .
Weather also has a strong infl uence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. Theyusually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may havea hard time in hot summer. At about 18℃ , people become stronger.
Low air pressure ( 气压 ) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops onlow-pressure days. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃ .
Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem.
根据短文内容, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最恰当的答案。
1. What can cause problems on health?
A. Hot and wet weather B. A strong wind C. Warm weather D. Low air pressure
2. A report shows that people may have more intelligence when ______ comes.
A. rain B. a strong wind C. very hot weather D. low air pressure
3.According to the writer, fat people may feel bad in ______ weather.
A. cold B. cool C. warm D. hot
4. The writer wants to tell us that ______.
A. hot and cold weather infl uences all people in the same way
B. weather infl uences people’s behavior
C. IQ changes when weather changes
D. people feel good on low pressure days
5.Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Hot Weather Causes Health Problems
B. Different Weather Makes People Feel Bad
C. Weather Infl uences Feelings
D. Weather Infl uences Health, Intelligence and Feelings
(B)
Qi Haoran, a Junior 1 student, was quite busy over the past winter vacation–and not just with homework. Qi, together with 10 other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (“光盘行动”) .
The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food. “Excuse me, do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat? Please don’t waste food.” They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day.
The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January. It calls on people to reduce food waste.
China in these years had serious problems with wasted food. CCTV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.
Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.
Luckily, the campaign has got the support of many. In a restaurant in Xinjiang, the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker ( 贴花 ) . People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 stickers. More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers ( 剩饭剩菜 ) home
To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. It’s important that everyone does their bit, just like Qi. Did you fi nish your meals today?
根据短文内容, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最恰当的答案。
6. What did the 11 students do in the winter vacation?
A. The helped each other with homework.
B. They opened a restaurant together.
C. They volunteered for a campaign.
D. They collected money from customers in restaurants.
7. In this passage the underlined word “call on ” means ______
A. 打电话B. 号召C. 拜访D. 叫喊
8. The Clean Your Plate Campaign calls on people to _____.
A. do volunteer work B. work part time in restaurants
C. cut down on food waste D. wash your plates after dinner
9. From Paragraphs 4-5, we learn that _____.
A. wasting food is a serious problem in China
B. Chinese people waste the most food in the world
C. Chinese people want to show off that they are rich
D. most Chinese people are afraid of losing face at the table
10. What did the restaurant in Beijing do to support the campaign?
A. The owner would have dinner with those who had eaten up their food.
B. It offered a free meal to the guests who had fi nished all their food ten times.
C. It gave stickers to the guests who ordered small dishes.
D. It encouraged customers to take leftovers home.
(C)
John and Bobby joined the same company together just after they completed their university studies the same year. Both of them worked very hard. Several years later, however, the boss promoted ( 提拔 ) Bobby to manager but John was still a worker. John could not take it, and gave his resignation (辞职书) to the boss. He complained that the boss did not think much of those who were hard -working, but promoted only those who fl attered him.
The boss knew that John had worked very hard for the years. He thought a moment and said, “Thank you for what you said, but I hope you will do one more thing for our company before you leave”
John agreed. The boss asked him to go and fi nd anyone selling watermelons in the market. John went and returned soon. He said he had found a man selling watermelons. The boss asked how much they cost every kilogram. John shook his head and went back to the seller to ask and returned to tell the boss $1.2 every kilogram.
The boss told John to wait a second, and he called Bobby to come to his offi ce. He asked Bobby to go and fi nd anyone selling watermelons in the market. Bobby went and returned, saying, “Boss, only one person is selling watermelons. $1.2 every kilogram, and $10 for 10 kilograms. The seller has 340 melons. On the table there are 58 melons, and each weighs about 2 kilograms. They were brought from the South two days ago. They are of good quality.”
Hearing what Bobby said, John realized the difference between himself and Bobby. He decided to stay and learn from Bobby.
11. How did John feel when Bobby was promoted to manager?
A. Angry. B. Nervous. C. Unlucky. D. Helpless.
12. The boss gave John a task because______________.
A. he wanted John to do more for his company
B. he wanted John to learn more about himself
C. he wanted to punish John for what he said
D. he wanted to prove what John said was right
13. We can infer from the passage that_____________.
A. Bobby was unselfi sh B. John was lazy
C. the seller was dishonest D. the boss was wise
14. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The boss should treat all his workers in a fair way.
B. The boss should not promote one who fl atters him.
C. One should not only work hard but also use his head.
D. One should try to get every detail of watermelons.
(D)
No one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job. It is important to make the right impression from the very f irst day. You will face new people. You will be in a new place. It may be diffi cult to know what to do. Here are fi ve tips to help you make it through the fi rst day in a new job:
First impression can last forever. Make sure you make a good one. Before your fi rst day, fi nd out if your new job has a dress code (rules about what you can wear to work) . If so, be sure to follow it. No matter what, always be neat and clean.
Get to work on time . Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time.
Pay attention to introductions. You may be introduced to your workmates. They will be important to you. They are the ones who will answer your questions when the boss is not around.
Ask plenty of questions. Make sure that your supervisor has told you what is expected of you. If you are not told your duties, ask for a list. Set daily and weekly goals for yourself.
Never be the fi rst one to leave. Watch what others do at the end of work hours. It does not look good for you to be eager to leave.
15. What does the writer think you should do on your fi rst-day work ?
A. We should dress in a right way.
B. We should learn how to introduce ourselves.
C. We should know our duties.
D. We should know our workmates well.
16. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You should be the fi rst one to arrive at work.
B. You should ask your workmates for your duties.
C. You should not be eager to go back home at the end of work hours.
D. You are required to arrive 15 minutes earlier.
17. From the passage, your supervisor is most likely your _______________.
A. visitor B. teacher C. workmate D. leader
Ⅱ . 完形填空 (25小题, 每小题1分, 共25分)
(E)
先通读短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从所给的选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案, 并将其标号填入答题卡相应的位置。
I have a friend named Monty Roberts who owns a horse ranch ( 牧马场 ) . He has let me use his __18__ to raise money for youth at risk programs.
The last time I was there he told me his story. When he was young, his family is too __19__ to have a house to live in. As a __20__, when he was in high school, he was asked to write a paper about __21__ he wanted to be and do when he grew up. That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of __22__ a horse ranch. He also drew a picture to show a 4, 000-square-foot house that would sit on a beautiful farm. The next day he handed it in to his __23__. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page was a large red F. Roberts asked, “Why did I receive an F?” He teacher said, “This is a (an) __24__ dream for a young boy like you. Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of money.” Then the teacher added, “If you will rewrite this paper with a more realistic goal, I will reconsider your __25__.”
The boy went home and thought about it for a __26__ and hard time. He asked his father what he should do. His father said, “Look, son, you have to __27__ your own mind on this. Finally, after sitting with it for a week, the boy turned in the same paper, making no __28__ at all. He told his teacher “you could keep the F and I __29__ keep my dream.
Monty tell me this __30__ because I am sitting in his 4, 000-square-foot house in the middle of my 200acre horse ranch. He said a lot of kids’ __31__ can be stolen. Don't let anyone steal your dreams. Follow your heart, no matter what. __32__ he had enough gumption ( 毅力 ) not to give up my dream.
18. A. name B. company C. ranch D. school
19. A. small B. busy C. poor D. lazy
20. A. present B. return C. punishment D. result
21. A. what B. which C. whom D. who
22. A. renting B. donating C. owning D. kitchen
23. A. teacher B. father C. friend D.wife
24. A. surprised B. great C. terrible D. unrealistic
25. A. work B. grade C. family D. ability
26. A. easy B. long C. short D. hurry
27. A. change B. rewrite C. have D. give up
28. A. decision B. reason C. excuse D. changes
29. A. never B. still C. sometimes D. even
30. A. square B. story C. house D. teacher
31. A. money B. house C. dreams D. hobbies
32. A. Quickly B. Suddenly C. Unluckily D. Fortunately
(F)
How would you like to go to a school like this one in Oxford, England? There are no formal classes. The students ___33___ from one group to another when they want to. ___34___ may fi nd students who are fourteen, fi fteen or sixteen years old all in the same ___35___. They work at their own speed. ___36___ tells them what they should or shouldn't be doing. The day I ___37___, school began at nine. Some students were working ___38___ a tape recorder and listening to their own voices. Others were watching a TV program ___39___ physics. A third group was working in the library. I didn't see anybody just sitting doing ___40___. Nobody was wasting time. ___41___ the students taking a break in the cafeteria were having a ___42___ on politics.
33. A. move B. study C. travel D. stay
34. A. You B. A man C. He D. I
35. A. grade B. school C. class D. group
36. A. Somebody B. A teacher C. Nobody D. The group leader
37. A. visited B. moved C. studied D. stayed
38. A. on B. with C. for D. Through
39. A. in B. according to C. on D. by
40. A. something B. much C. anything D. nothing
41. A. However B. Even C. Also D. 0nly
42. A. drink B. show C. debate D. quarrel
Ⅲ . 短文填空 (共20小题, 每小题1分, 满分20分)
(G)
阅读下面短文, 根据上下文填入适当的词语, 或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空, 并将答案填写在答题卷上标号为43—52的相应位置。
Do you know __43__ countryside is changing these years in some countries?
Life has becoming diffi cult in many villages, and some are becoming empty. There are a lot of __44__ for this. Firstly Young people from __45__ usually want to live somewhere livelier, and they often move to thetowns and do not return. Secondly, people move to the cities to fi nd work, as there are often very few __46__ in the countryside. Sometimes villages remain because people from the cities have bought a“second home”in the villages __47__ they come and stay at weekends. The price of houses __48__ (go) up and people like to buy a house in the countryside. __49__ problem is that it is becoming more and more diffi cult for farmers to make money from their farms. __50__ they sell their land and fi nd another job.
All these things mean that many villages are __51__ (fi ght) to survive (留下来) . We can only hope that they will remain. The countryside would be sadder and uglier places __52__ them.
(H)
阅读下面短文, 根据上下文填入适当的词语 , 首字母已给出。
Henry works in a factory. He comes from a poor family and was in school for only four years. He has to do the hard work, but he is p__53__ less. He likes to watch football matches very much and s__54__ much time on them.
One afternoon there was a big football match on the playground. He borrowed some money from his friend and h__55__ there. There were a lot of people there. And all the tickets were sold out. He was sorry for it. He saw a pole ( 杆子 ) outside the playground and climbed it quickly. A policeman came and said, “It is d__56__ to stay on it! Come down!”
“Wait a m__57__, please!”Henry said and just at that moment the policeman heard cheers on the playground and asked in a hurry, “Which team has kicked a goal?”“Ours!”“W__58__! You can stay there. But take care!”The policeman said h__59__ and left. When the match would be soon over, he came back again and asked, “Who has won?”“Theirs, 3:2.”“Come down, ”the policeman said a__60__. “Such a match is not worth w__61__!”
Henry had to come down. But soon they heard cheers again. The policeman said in a hurry, “ C__62__ up and see who has kicked a goal.”
IV阅读并按要求完成各题 (共11小题, 每小题2分, 共22分)
( I )
“USA? Britain? Which country is better to study in?” We often hear such discussion. As China opens its door, studying abroad has become a dream for many Chinese students. They want to learn about the world. It’s true that studying abroad can help students develop themselves. Language skills will improve and it may be easier to fi nd a job.
But there are problems that should be considered. Language is the fi rst. Students must spend a lot of time learning another language and getting used to a different culture.
Students must also learn to live without parents’ care and deal with all kinds of things they haven’t had to do before, like looking after themselves. There are reports about Chinese students abroad sinking in an ocean of diffi culties and giving up easily. When they have to take care of themselves, it is hard for the students to study well.
Finally, studying abroad brings a heavy burden to the family. For most Chinese parents, the cost of studying abroad is very high. But is it worth it?
We know that there are many famous people who succeed in great things through their hard work in China. Liu Xiang is a good example. Once an American teacher invited him there but he refused. He kept training hard with his Chinese teacher. He surprised the world when he won a gold medal at Athens
Olympics. So when you wonder which country is better to study in, consider whether studying abroad is the right choice.
根据文章内容完成表格
(J) a rich and fa
Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy. Well, almost everything. (71) The problem is that the people in Jean’s family are so busy that they can hardly fi nd time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite lonely.
So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous (匿名) , talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.
Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived in San FranciscoDavid was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common interest in rock music and modern dance. (72So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of coursethey wanted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself. He was a tall, good-lookingyoung man with a big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards andsmall things to each other.
When Jean’s father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer. But when she knocked on David’s door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!
A. 根据短文内容简要回答下列问题:
69.Why did Jean think David, his friend on QQ, was special?
___________________________________________________________________
70. What will Jean’s QQ friend’s real name and age?
___________________________________________________________________
B. 将短文中划线的两个句子译成汉语。
71._________________________________________________________________
72._________________________________________________________________
C. 请给短文拟一个适当的标题。
73._________________________________________________________________
V.智力测试 (IQ) (共5小题, 计5分)
开动脑筋, 完成下列英语智力题!
74. There are 49 birds and hares. A bird has two legs and a hare has four. There are 100 legs in all. So there are ______birds and _______.
A. 45, 45 hares B. 23, 26 hares C. 42, 6 hares D. 48, 1 hare
75. what 5-letter word has 6 left when you take 2 letters away?
76. Two men, starting at the same point, walk in opposite directions for 4 metres, turn left and walk another 3 metres. What is the distance ( 距离 ) between them?
A. 2 metres B. 6 metres. C. 10 metres. D. 12.5 metres.
77. I see three men on a bus. A speaks English and Japanese. C only talks with B. B can speak Chineseand English. What does C speak? He speaks ________.
A. English B. Japanese C. Chinese D.English and Japanese
78.. What would George Washington be most famous for if he were alive today?
A. A president B. A great American. C. A father of his son. D. His old age.
VI. 英译汉。 (4分)
79. Look before you leap.
80. Rome was not built in a day.
81. Practice makes perfect.
82. Action speak louder than words.
VII. 书面表达 (Writing) (10分)
在日常生活中, 因特网起着越来越重要的作用。请根据下表所给提示为某英文报写一篇题为On the Internet的征文稿。
英特网的主要用途 :
信息 : 看国内外新闻、获取其它信息
通讯 : 发e-mail、打电话
学习 : 上网上学校、阅读各种书籍、自学外语
娱乐 : 欣赏音乐、观看体育比赛、玩棋牌游戏
生活 : 购物
注意:1. 征文稿必须包括表内所有信息, 行文连贯通顺;
2. 词数80词;
1. I hope you________here sometime next month.
A. to come B. came C. coming D. will come
2. —Would you like a cup of tea？
—________
A. I think so. B. That’s all right.
C. Yes， OK. D. No， thanks.
3. I think you can________my surprise when they told me the news.
A. believe B. support C. imagine D. think
4. —Fred， could you help me________these books to the students？
—My pleasure.
A. hand out B. hand up
C. hand in D. hand down
5. Not only Mr and Mrs Read but also their son________abroad twice.
A. have gone B. has been
C. have been D. has gone
6. Where to go for the holidays________yet.
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
7. He is________to walk that far in such weather.
A. good enough B. enough good
C. well enough D. enough well
8. I prefer________rather than sit somewhere doing nothing.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
9. —________ boys will come to swim. Do you know________of them？
—Maybe it’s about sixty.
A. A number of； a number B. The number of； a number.
C. The number， numbers of D. A number of， the number
10. Kites________messages in the war in the past.
A. are used for sending B. were used to sending
C. are used to send D. were used to send
Ⅱ. 完形填空（10分）
I can’t remember when I started collecting litter. But it was when I got tired of seeing litter nearby and realized that__1__was going to pick it up.
I live near a forest. I can walk there in three__2！ I__3__go there to play with my dog. But one day there was so much litter there that I became very unhappy. I decided I had to clean up the forest. I wanted to__4__happy going there again.
I made my first trip to clean the forest that afternoon. I took a big black rubbish bag with me. I started to pick up litter and ten minutes__5， my bag was full！ There were cans， bottles， broken glass and newspapers in the bag. From then on， I went to the forest four times a year to pick up the litter. I often__6__there for three hours. It makes me feel great to do something for the environment.
After each trip， I__7__all the litter that I’ve collected. If any of it is recyclable（可回收的）， I keep it. I can’t__8__why people drop litter. But I will keep picking it__9__they stop dropping it. I know I am only doing a small bit to help__10__but I still think it is important.
1. A. no one else B. I C. everyone D. anyone
2. A. months B. hours C. days D. minutes
3. A. would B. doC. am used to D. used to
4. A. look B. feel C. make D. see
5. A. after B. later C. before D. of
6. A. playB. go C. work D. sit
7. A. buryB. burn C. sell D. look at
8. A. wonder B. ask C. hope D. understand
9. A. untilB. as C. after D. when
10. A. myselfB. the earth C. other D. the litter
Ⅲ. 閱读理解（20分）
（A）
一． 选择题
（每小题1 分，共15 分）
从A B C D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
（）1The Smiths don’t usually like staying at ______ hotels , but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ______ sea.A /;a
B the;the
C /;the
D the;a（）2.We _______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A set about
B set up
C set out
D set down（）3.The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ________
A hear
B to be heard
C heard
D hearing（）4 My brother can ride a horse and swim ,and he can shoot________
A as well
B also
C as well as
D either（）5.This is all______ I have ever seen.A where
B that
C what
D which（）6 I don’t know about you ,I’m sick and tired of this weather.————.I can’t stand all this rain.A I don’t care
B It’s hard to say
C so am I
D I hope so（）7 She gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing ______
A in case
B in addition
C on purpose
D in return（）8.It is known ______ us that tigers belong to the cat family.A with
B by
C to
D at（）9.The kind lady devoted all her life to ______ those homeless children.A help
B helping
C being helped
D be helped（）10 Do you think _____ true that _____ is hard work that leads to success?
A it / it
B it / what
C that / it
D what / which（）11.——He failed the exam again.—— He_____ his teacher’s advice.A should not have followed
B should not follow
C should follow
D should have follow（）12 Only when he went abroad ___ the importance of learning foreign languages.A he realized
B did he realize
C he did realize
D he had realized（）13 The reason ___
_ he changed his mind is___ _ he would not like to get into trouble.A for what;that
B why;that
C for which;because D which;that（）14 The other day he ran across one of his friends on the street , whom he ______for ages.A didn’t see
B hasn’t seen
C hadn’t seen
D doesn’t see（）15 After graduation, he took all works to London _______ get a good job there.A so that
B in order that
C in order to
D as to 二．完形填空（每小题1 分，共15分）
Jane’s mother worked on the farm from dawn till dark, which just could make ends meet.To make Jane live a16life.Mother was very carful about spending money.17Jane didn’t understand her.Every day Mother was busy with her 18 while Jane was studying at school, so they had little time to enjoy themselves.One day, Mother realized Jane was unhappy and even 19to her, so she decided to go 20 with Jane to make Jane happy.On Sunday morning they went happily to the snowfield.Since they were 21in white clothes, the manager advised them to buy ski clothes.He said22there was an accident, they might be easily 23 in their ski clothes.Mother couldn’t24them, so she refused.Then they went skiing in their white clothes.They were skiing happily on the25 when suddenly the snowfield began to 26.It was the snowslide(雪崩).They ran a long way and 27the snowslide finally, but they couldn’t find their way.Later, a helicopter was flying above, 28people on it couldn’t see or hear them.Jane was 29because she had hurt her head seriously and 30 dropped on the snow.Just then an idea struck Mother.She pierced(刺破)her wrist 31 and then bright red blood dropped down on the snowfield.A red SOS was on the snow.At last Jane 32 , but Mother died.Every time I 33 the blood dropping onto the snowfield, I feel 3 4.I believe anyone who hears the tragedy will 35 Mother for her selfless love to her daughter.16.A.happy B.healthy C.busy D.meaningful 17.A.Moreover B.However
C.Anyway D.Though 18.A.writing
B.housework
C.work D.research 19.A.unfriendly
B.loyal
C.kind D.cruel 20.A.skating
B.dancing
C.hiking D.skiing 21.A.all
B.both C.either D.every 22.A.now that
B.in case
C.as though D.even if 23.A.searched
B.examined C.found D.caught 24.A.pay
B.manage C.afford D.stand 25.A.mountain
B.farmland C.playground D.snowfield 26.A.change t B.mel C.shake D.jump 27.A.escaped
B.passed
C.experienced D.overcame 28.A.but
B.so C.since D.while 29.A.in despair
B.in danger C.in peace D.in ruins 30.A.hair
B.blood C.tears D.jewels 31.A.carefully
B.slowly C.immediately D.hardly 32.A.cried
B.died
C.woke D.survived 33.A.find out
B.think of C.suffer from
D.come across 34.A.satisfied
B.curious C.anxious D.painful 35.A.admire
B.envy C.reward D.thank
三．阅读理解（每小题2分,共40分）
（A）
Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simple because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth.We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to failure.Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their chidren from the knowledge that they have failed.One way is to lower standards.A mother describes her child’s hastily made table as “perfect”,even though it wobbles(摇晃)on uneven legs.Another way is to shift blame.If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid.The trouble with faiure prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real word.The young needno one can win all the time—and that it is possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win.A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’s make the honor roll or the baseball team, feels terrible, of course, But parents should not offer a quick consolation(安慰)prize or say, “It doesn’t matter” because it does.The young should be allowed to allowed to experience disappointment and be helped to master it.Failure is never pleasurable.It hurts adults and child alike.But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.Step one is to ask “why did I fail?”Resist the natural impulse to balme someone else.Ask yourself what you did wrong and how you can improve.If someone else can help, don’t be shy about inquiring.to learn that no one can be best at everying.36.This passage mainly tells us about ___________.A.the reason why people fail
B how to fail
C the ways to prevent failures
D the importance of facing failures 37.The second paragraph tells us ____.A.how a mother praised her children
B.two ways of failure prevention most parents used when their children fail
C.how to shift blame
D.parents should blame their children at the proper time
When the writer says “every person has the right to fail”, he means “__________--” A the world is full of failures
B everyone makes mistakes C failures are not common in our lives
D no one can grow up without failures 39 By saying “protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed”.The writer means that most parents try their best__________ A to let their children know that they won’t fail.B to teach their children about the knowledge of failure C to provide their children with the knowledge against failure.D to keep their children from realizing that they failed.40 According to the passage , if you are facing failure ,you should _________ A blame someone else
B face it yourself and not ask others for help C forget it as soon as possible
D think it over and find ways to improve it
(B)It feels like every time my mother and I start to have a conversation, it turns into an argument.We talk about something as simple as dinner plans and suddenly, my mother will push the conversation into World War III.She’ll talk about my lack of a bright future because I don’t plan to be a doctor.And much to her disappointment, I don’t want to do any job related to science, either.In fact, when I was pushed to say that I planned to major(主修)in English and communications, she nearly had a heart attack.“Why can’t you be like my co-worker’s son?” she bemoans all the time.Her co-worker’s son received a four-year scholarship and is now earning 70,000 dollars a year as an engineer.I don’t know what to answer except that I simply can’t be like Mr.Perfect as I’ve called the unnamed co-worker’s son.I can’t be like him.I’m the type of person who loves to help out in the community, write until the sun goes down, and most of all, wants to achieve a career because I love it, not because of fame(名声)or salary.I understand why my mother is worried about my future major.I’ve seen my mother struggle to raise me on her small salary and work long hours.She leaves the house around 6:30 am and usually comes home around 5 pm or even 6 pm.However, I want her to know that by becoming a doctor, it doesn’t mean I’ll be successful.I’d rather follow my dreams and create my own future.41.Which of the following topics do the writer and his mother often talk about? A.The writer’s studies.B.The writer’s future job
C.Dinner plans
D.Wars around the world 42.We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the writer’s mother ____________.A.doesn’t want the writer to major in English B.doesn’t think the writer should be a doctor C.gets along very well with the writer D.doesn’t think working in the science field is a good idea
43.The underlined word “bemoans” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _____________.A.agrees
B.shouts
C.complains
D.smiles 44.Which of following statements is probable TRUE ab;out the writer? A.He wants to be like his mother’s co-worker’s son.B.He wants to find a job in his community in the future.C.He doesn’t think his mother’s co-worker’s son is perfect.D.He wants to do so something he really likes in the future.45 We can know from the last paragraph that_________ A the writer’s mother works very hard for the family B the writer doesn’t know what his future will be like C the writer doesn’t think being a doctor is good
D the writer sometimes thinks his mother’s advice is very good
（C）
A British judge ruled recently that swearing(咒骂)at the police is not a crime(犯罪), setting off a heated debate（辩论）across the nation.Denzel Cassiues Harvey , 19 ,was stopped outside his home in Hackney , East London , by police officers who thought he was carrying drugs.He was fined ￡50 by a count for repeatedly（重复）swearing at the police who were searching him for drugs.But judge David Bean overturned(推翻)the decision of the previous（以前的）court.He said that police officers hear foul language too frequently to be offended（冒犯）.Judge David Bean said the foul language used by Harvey was unlikely to cause the police officers harm , alarm or distress（苦恼）, because it was so “common”.The judge may have been right to cancel（取消）the fine in this individual case.But there are massive problems with what he said when making the ruling.Foul language is frequently directed at police officers, but this doesn’t mean that it should be accepted as part of their working life.How can we justify（证明）this ? There are the people who devote their lives to protecting us.What does it say about our respect for the police , if we see them as people who can be spoken to abusively(粗暴地)without a second thought? There are many times that police officers do not penalize member of the public for swearing at them and it would be impractical（不切实际的）to punish every person that abuses(辱骂)them with foul language.But if officers feel that someone has crossed the line , they should not be criticized for reacting（反应）to this.They are there to make these judgement and we need to allow them to do so.The question is not what is said, but how the language is used.If a person swears with genuine（真实的）aggression（进攻，侵犯）and aims to cause fear they should be penalized.The police are enforcers（实施者）of the law, not mute（无声的）punch bags.(沙袋)46 Why was Denzel Cassiues Harvey stopped by police officers?
A Because he was carrying drugs in his pocket.B Because the police suspected that he was carrying drugs
C Because he swore at police officers on duty.D Because he was a wanted criminal.47 What do you know about David Bean ?
A He is 19 years old
B He offended police officers
B He canceled the ￡ 50 fine
D He was a police officer 48 What does the writer think of Judge David Bean’s ruling ?
A He disapproves of David Bean’s ruling
B He thinks it right for Judge David Bean to cancel the fine.C He thinks Judge David Bean’s ruling sounded reasonable.D He thinks highly of David Bean’s ruling.49 What does the underlined word “penalize” mean ?
A Offend
B Abuse
C Criticize
D Punish 50 Which of the following is the best title ?
A Law needs to protect the police, too
B Swearing at the police should be banned
C Denzel Cassiues Harvey’s case set off a heated debate
D Judges are supposed to support the police
（D）
What exactly is a lie ? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue ?Or is it something more than that ?For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you.You say “I wish I could help you, but I am short of money myself.” In fact , you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.Is this really a lie ? Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of southern California has made a scientific study of lying.According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it’s terrible.However, this is only one side of the story.Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise that they have no intention of carrying out.This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at :the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has been done into the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, unimportant ways when they lie.It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”.They also tend to touch certain parts of the face, particularly the nose.One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The tip of the nose is very sensitive to changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.Another gesture that gives liars away is what the writer Decmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls the “mouth cover”.He says that there are several typical forms of this ,such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side off the mouth.Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious(未察觉的)attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth , moving about in a chair can not be taken as proof that the speaker is lying.They simply tend to happen more often in this situation.It is one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things , and in particular the context(上下文)which the lie is told.51.According to the passage, a white lie seems to be a lie ______.A.that other people believe
B.that other people don’t believe
C.told in order not to hurt someone’s feelings
D.told in order to take advantage of someone 52..Research suggests that women _____.A.are better at telling less serious lies than men
B.generally lie for more than men do C.often make promises they intend to break
D.lie at parties more often than men do 53..Researchers find that when a person tells lies _____.A.his blood pressure increases measurably
B.he looks very serious C.he is likely to make some small changes in his behavior
D.he uses his unconscious mind 54.The writer of the passage______.A.hates lying
B.enjoys lying
C.often tells a lie
D.tries to study aboutc lying 55.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a sign of lying ? A.Touching one’s ears
B.Rubbing the nose C.Moving in a chair
D.Covering the mouth 四．英语改错题
（10 分，每小题0.5分）
下面短文中分别有10处语言错误。请在错误的地方作出记号，增加，删除或修改某个单词。写在横线上。
(1)
We are all busy talking about and use the Internet which set up many years ago.At first ,the internet was only used by the government ,but in the early 1970s’, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it as well as.However, computers were still expensive and the Internet was difficult to use it.Thirty years later, computers become cheaper and easier.Today it is easy to get on line and it is told that millions people use the Internet every day.Send e-mail is more and more popular between students.It has become one of the most important parts of people’s life.56_________ 57_________ 58___________
59__________
___________ 61_________ 62_________ 63___________
64___________ 65 ___________
(2)
An old woman had a cat.The cat was very old to run quickly, and nor was she able to bite it, One day the old cat saw a mouse in the kitchen.she jumped and caught it.But the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, so the cat could not bite it;Then the old woman became very angrily because the cat had not killed the mouse.She began to hit the cat in the head.The cat said, “Do not hit your old servant.I had worked for you for many years, and I would even work for you , but I am too old.Do not unkind to the old, but remember how good work the old did when they were young.Nobody stay young forever.”
66_________ 67_________ 68___________ 69___________
___________
71_________ 72_________ 73___________ 74___________
___________ 五．单词拼写（15 分）
76．Michael is quiet, he doesn’t want to join in o_________ activities.77.The s_______ made people feel sick.78.Everyone thought he was j _______ ,but in fact he was completely serious.79.Though I have never seen him, his name is quite f _______ to me.80.When I s _____ the tree, some of the fruit fell to the ground.81.The machine doesn’t work.It needs r _______.82 We are deeply i _________ that he still works hard even though he is blind.83.Many people think I am a great s ___
__ at school.But I know I still have a long way to go.84.The school is b ______ in need of good teachers.85 The volunteers from the charity are busy r _______ money for the sick children.86 The painting is p __________by thick glass.87 At any time ,we should put s ___________ in the first place.88 This kind of chair is e ___________ designed for the lame.89 Hurricane is a terrible n ________ disaster that often hits the American coastal areas.90 This competition is a real c ___________.六． 书面表达（10 分）假定你是李磊，针对目前许多学生睡眠不足的现状，你希望学校取消早读课（Morning reading class）以保证学生有充足的睡眠。请你用英语向校长写一封信，描述你在睡眠方面遇到的问题，并提出你的建议。具体内容包括： 1近况：状况看似良好。2.问题：睡眠严重不足。
3.原因：作业太多，睡觉时间太迟，早上起得太早。。。4.恳求：取消早读。注意：词数80字左右。开头语已写出，不计词数。
Dear schoolmaster，I’m very glad that I can study in such a good school, It seems that I am getting along with myself very well, but __________________________________________________
________ _________________________________________________________________________ 答题纸
一．选择题（每小题 1 分）______ _ _ 2 ________ 3 __________ 4 ____________ 5 _____________ 6 ______ __ 7 ________ 8 __________ 9 ____________ 10 ____________ 11 ________ 12 _________ 13 _________ 14 ___________ ____________ 二．完形填空（每小题 1 分）________ 17 ______ ___ 18 ___________ 19 ____________ 20 ___________ 21 ________ 22 ______ ___ 23 ___________ 24 ___________ 25 ___________ 26 ________ 27 __________28 __________ ____________ 30 __________ _ 31 _________ 32 __________ 33 ___________ 34 ____________ 35 ____________ 三．阅读理解（每小题 2 分）
__________ 37 __________ 38 __________ 39 ____________ 40 _____________ 41 _________ 42 __________ 43__________ 44__________ __ 45 _____________ 46___________ 47_________ 48__________ 49 ____________ 50 _____________ 51___________ 52 __________ 53 __________54_____________ 55_______ _____ 四．（短文改错 每小题0.5分）
第一篇
56_________ 57_________ 58___________ 59________ __ 60 ___________ 61_________ 62_________ 63___________ 64___________ 65 ___________
第二篇
66_________
67_________ 68___________ 69___________ 70 ___________ 71_________
72_________ 73___________ 74___________ 75 _________ _ 五．单词填空（每小题 1 分）
__________ 77___________ 78 __________ 79____________ 80____________ 81________ __ 82___________ 83 ___________84___________ 85__________ __ 86 __________87 ________ __ 88___________ 89 ____________90 ___________ 六．作文（10 分）Dear schoolmaster，I’m very glad that I can study in such a good school, It seems that I am getting along with myself very well, but
试卷答案 一．选择题
1---5 C C C A B
6---10 C D C B A
11---15 D B B C C 二．完型填空
16---20 A B C A D
21---25 B B C C D
26---30 C A A B B 31---35 C D B D A 三． 阅读理解
36---40 D B D D D
41---45 D B D C A
46---50 B C A D A 51---55 C A C D A 四．短文改错
(1)56 use---using
was set
the government 去掉 the 59 1970’s 60 as well 61 去掉 it
become—became 63 millions of
Sending 65 among
(2)66 very—too
67去掉 it
so---because 69 angrily---angry 70 in---on 71 had---have
even---still 73 be unkind
how---what
stay---stays 五． 单词拼写
organized
smell
joking
familiar
shook 81 repairing
impressed
success
badly
raising 86 protected
safety
especially
natural
1．（2008·湖北武汉）“助人为乐模范”、“见义勇为模范”、“敬业奉献模范”„„从2007年首次评出的53名全国道德模范身上，我们对责任有了进一步理解。下列观点正确的是（）
①只有人人尽到自己的责任，才能共建和谐美好的社会 ②要自觉承担责任，努力做负责任的公民 ③在社会生活中，不同的社会身份负有相同的责任 ④责任产生于社会关系之中的相互承诺
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④D．①③④
2．（2008·山西太原）小王在家里主动帮妈妈做力所能及的家务；在学校努力学习，认真完成学习任务；在社区主动担任卫生监督员。小王的这些行为表明（）
A．责任产生与社会关系之中的相互承诺 B．人因不同的社会身份而负有不同的责任
C．承担责任意味着付出代价获得回报 D．青少年的主要任务是学习知识和参加劳动
3．（2008·浙江温州）2008年5月12日14时28分．四川汶川发生8级地震．地动山摇之间．一座座楼房夷为平地，成千上万的生命被废墟掩埋，一幕幕自救、互救、救援的场景感动着我们。
场景：北川中学的王甜甜同学是地震的幸存者。在离开一片废墟的北川时，她在日记中这样写到：“北川，我的家，我们会回来看你，你养育了我，你的建设我一定会参与．你是我们的家，永远的家!”
王甜甜同学这番话语感动了大家。得到人们的赞赏。从社会责任的角度谈谈人们为什么赞赏她？
4．（2008·广东汕头）材料：5月12日发生在四川汶川的8级特大地震，给人民生命财产造成重大损失。在党中央、国务院的统一部署和直接指挥下，全国人民万众一心，众志成城，共担责任。灾区干部群众、解放军、武警官兵和公安干警迅速出动，合力抗震救灾。医护人员大力抢救伤病人员，防疫人员消毒防疫，社会各界组织募捐活动，至5月24日12时，共接收国内外捐赠款物261.01亿元。
汕头市民余汉藩，自掏腰包买了30多万元物资，不顾自身的安危于5月19日亲自运送到重灾区四川绵竹。他表示，能为灾区人民做点事，尽一份责任，很值得!
九年级(1)班的同学看到这些新闻后，拟举行“抗震救灾，你我有责”主题班会。请 你参与完成下列活动内容。
（1）【点题概括】材料中的各种人员共同承担了什么样的责任？
（2）【事理分析】列举一件你感触较深的抗震救灾的事例，运用九年级第一单元所学知识进行分析。(要求事理结合)
（3）【行动体验】在这次抗震救灾中，你有什么实际行动？在行动中你感悟到什么？
【学以致用 达标测评】
一、单项选择题
1．责任是我们一生都不可回避的话题。台湾著名国学大师耕云先生说“人活在责任和义务里”。下列对责任认识正确的是（）
①责任是一个人应该做的事情 ②责任产生于社会关系中的相互承诺
③责任就是法律规定的我们必须做的和不能做的事情
④责任是一个人不应该做某些事情
A．①②③
B．②③
C．①③④
D．①②④
2．2008年2月17日，2007感动中国人物评选结束。对爱情忠贞，对老人孝顺，人如其名，信守一生的谢延信当选。这说明（）
A．责任来源于承诺 Ｂ．身份不同，责任就不同
Ｃ．责任涵盖了人们生命历程的全部
Ｄ．同一个人，在不同的阶段，责任也不同
有人在一首名为《责任》的小诗中写道：工人的责任是建造高楼大厦；农民的责任是种出粮食、鲜花；军人的责任是保国卫家；医生的责任是治病救人、消除伤疤；教师的责任是传道、授业、解惑，培养千里马；学生的责任是陶冶情操、学好知识文化。据此回答3—4题。
3．小诗说明（）
A．承担责任只是职业的要求
B．社会角色不同，责任不同
C．承担责任是成年人的事情，与我们未成年年人无关
D．责任只是一种道德上的要求
4．从诗中可以看出，我们承担着各种各样的责任。那么，谁首先对“我”负责？（）
A．国家 B．学校 C．家长 D．自己
5．对漫画中“某主管领导”的言行认识不正确的是（）
A．这是认真追究责任、严格管理的表现
B．这是缺乏责任感，推卸责任的体现
C．这种做法不利于查找工作中的失误，杜绝事故的再次发生
D．这位“主管领导”应该增强责任意识，认真反省自己的不足
6．自古以来，人类历史上就有一批仁人志士，他们具有强烈的社会责任感，忧国忧民。下列诗句或格言能够体现着一点的是（）
①位卑未敢忘忧国。──陆游（宋）
②天下兴亡，匹夫有责。──顾炎武（清）
③先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。──范仲淹（宋）
④只为家庭活着，这是禽兽的私心；只为一个人活着，这是卑鄙；只为自己活着，这是耻辱。──奥斯特洛夫斯基（苏联）A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②③④
7．2008年5月12日，四川汶川发生强烈地震，在地震中，东汽中学一栋教学楼顷刻坍塌。当时，教师谭千秋正在这栋教学楼的教室里上课。危急时刻，他用双臂将四名高二（1）班的学生紧紧地掩护在身下。13日晚上，当人们从废墟中将他扒出来时，他的双臂还张开着，趴在课桌上，手臂上伤痕累累，后脑袋被楼板砸得凹了下去，献出了年仅51岁的生命，而四名学生则在他的保护下成功获救。谭千秋，用双臂将死神拦在自己胸前。对此理解不正确的是（）
A．谭千秋老师忠实地履行了一名教师的职责 B．无私奉献精神是社会责任感的集中体现 C．履行责任就要有时付出生命的代价 D．只有在遇到危难时才要求我们承担责任
8．2008年4月20日，《朝闻天下》栏目主持人文静就节目当中打哈欠一事向广大观众和网民致歉的致歉。很多观众认为，这实际上是一件很普通，很正常的事，文静却较了真，并向广大观众以致歉信的方式道了歉。对此分析有误的（）
A．用合理的方法及时纠正自己的过失，也是一种负责任的表现
B．只有人人关爱集体，集体才真正成为我们依恋的家 C．角色不同，责任不同 D．承认错误是一种负责任的表现 9．对右边漫画分析正确的是（）
①他们虽扮演着不同的角色，但都承担着支援灾区的责任②他们都热心公益，积极服务社会③它说明不负责任将付出很大的代价④他们能在帮助他人的过程中提升自己的人生价值
A．①②③④B．①②④C．①③④D．①②③
10．狄更斯说：人能尽自己的责任，就可以感觉到好像吃梨喝蜜似的，把人生这杯苦酒的滋味给抵消了。刘易斯却说：责任有时使人厌烦。对此我们应该这样认识（）
A．狄更斯的话是正确的，因为承担责任能获得回报
B．刘易斯的话是正确的，因为承担责任会付出代价，带来不必要的麻烦
C．两个人的话都是错误的，因为快乐与否与责任无关
D．两个人的话都有道理，因为承担责任既会得到回报，也会付出代价
二、非选择题 11．【辨析明理】
“5·12”汶川特大地震中，多所学校倒塌，在地动山摇的那一刻，都江堰某中学教师范美忠选择了独自逃跑，把学生丢在了后面。5月22日，范美忠将这段经历在博客中公开，成为舆论焦点。随后！在这种生死抉择的瞬间，只有为了我的女儿我才可能考虑牺牲自我，其他的人，哪怕是我的母亲，他再次发表言论：“我是一个追求自由和公正的人，却不是先人后己勇于牺牲自我的人在这种情况下我也不会管的。” 这一言论再次将范美忠推到舆论的风口浪尖上。有人认为他是不对的违背了职业道德；也有人认为在危急时刻选择自己的生命，是一种本能，不应该苛责。
结合本课所学知识，请你评析一下范美忠的言行。
12．2008年 5月12日，四川汶川特大地震发生后，邱光华积极请战参加抗震救灾，主动承担急难险重飞行任务，在气候复杂多变、通信联络不畅的情况下，冒着生命危险，频繁执行汶川、北川、茂县等重灾区的飞行任务，先后飞行63架次，运送救灾物资25.8吨，输送救灾人员87人，转移受灾群众234人，为抗震救灾作出了突出贡献。5月31日，邱光华同志率机组执行运送受伤群众任务，因高山峡谷局部气候瞬时变化、突遇低云大雾和强气流撞山失事，与机组成员一起不幸遇难，以身殉职。社会各界群众自发从四面八方为英雄邱光华送行。
（1）邱光华为救人失去了生命说明了什么？
（2）邱光华牺牲后，社会各界群众为其送行这一事实说明了什么？
（3）邱光华的事迹对你的成长有何启示？
【回眸中考 总结提升】
1．（2008〃山东济宁）“全国道德模范”武秀君，在丈夫去世后，顶着家庭和债务双重压力，走上了代夫还债之路。5年里，她干过木匠、油漆工，像男人一样拼命工作；5年里，她还清了数百笔欠款，用真诚和汗水实现了自己的诺言。她（）
①在挫折面前不屈服，勇于向挫折挑战 ②弘扬了助人为乐的精神 ③践行诺言，勇于承担责任 ④具有诚实守信的优良品质
A.②③④ B.①③④ C.①②④ D.①②③④
2．（2008〃山西太原）在突如其来的灾难面前，人们首先想到的是家人平安。然而人民警察蒋敏在家中十人遇难的情况下，仍坚守抗灾第一线。蒋敏的事迹使我们认识到，当个人利益和集体利益发生矛盾时
A.个人利益高于集体利益 B.任何时候都没有个人利益 C.要自觉维护集体利益 D.集体利益服从个人利益
3．（2008〃福建）材料：2008年5月12日，四川汶川发生8级地震，大量房屋倒塌，数以万计的灾区同胞深埋其中„„
一时间，13亿中国人民的心汇聚成爱的海洋，各地群众有钱出钱，有力出力„„一位下岗工人在献血点这样说到：我没有钱，就让我给灾区人民献点血吧！更有众多的出租车司机，自动自发的加入志愿者的队伍，为灾区转运伤员和物资。
⑴请你从承担责任的角度，对上述画面中的志愿者进行评价。
⑵作为中学生，我们应该为灾区人民做点什么？
【学以致用 达标测评】
一、单项选择题（下面每小题只有一个最佳答案，请把序号填在题后括号里）2008年5月12日，四川汶川发生8级地震后,很多武警官兵积极投入抗震救灾工作当中。许多官兵的老家就在重灾区，但他们却没有去救援家人，而是积极的舍家救灾。据此回答1-2题。
1.广大官兵的感人事迹告诉我们（）①在集体利益面前，个人利益并不重要 ②集体利益高于个人利益 ③必要时应不惜牺牲个人利益，维护集体利益 ④在我国，集体利益和个人利益在根本上是冲突的
A.①② B.①③④ C.②③ D.②③④ 2.下列对集体利益与个人利益的关系说法错误的是（）A.集体利益和个人利益在根本上是一致的 B.集体利益是个人利益的基础和保障
C.个人利益处于第一位，集体利益处于第二位 D.集体利益和个人利益是相辅相成，密不可分的
2008年5月22日，吴邦国在十一届全国人大常委会举行第四次委员长会议上强调：全国各族人民把思想和行动统一到中央的决策部署上来，同心同德，就能夺取抗震救灾斗争的全面胜利。据此回答3-4题：
3.抗震救灾的全面胜利说明（）
①团结的集体才有凝聚力和战斗力 ②集体的力量主要取决于成员数量的多少 ③集体的力量主要取决于成员间的组织和配合 ④人们要承担关爱集体的责任，努力为集体作贡献
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④ 4.上述材料启示我们，要关爱集体就要做到（）
①自觉维护集体的荣誉和利益 ②积极为集体建设贡献才智 ③努力解决集体遇到的困难 ④服从集体的安排与领导
A.①②③ B.①③④ C.②③④ D.①②③④ 5.右图漫画《拆》中人物的行为（）①以损害集体利益来满足个人利益，是不可取的 ②是正确的做法，因为集体应充分尊重和保护个人利益 ③启示我们应积极关心和维护集体利益 ④说明维护集体利益至上，不应该考虑个人利益
A.①③④ B.②④ C.①②③
D.①③
6.2008年五一期间，一些出境旅游公民的不文明行为，损害了中国“礼仪之邦”的形象，引起了海内外舆论的关注和批评。为此在外出旅游中我们应做到()
①时刻以国家利益为重，自觉维护国家的荣誉和利益 ②对损害国家荣誉和利益的旅游事件听之任之，视而不见 ③在外出旅游中，不做有损国格、人格的事 ④对损害国家荣誉和利益的事及时向有关部门举报
A.②③④ B.①②③ C.①③④ D.①②④
7.2008年8月8日，我们将迎来举世瞩目的北京奥运会。届时将会有许多外国人来到我们国家，在与外国人交往中我们应做到()
①以国家利益为重，坚决捍卫国家的荣誉和利益 ②对损害国家荣誉和利益的事听之任之，视而不见 ③以大局为重，局部利益服从全局利益，决不做有损国格、人格的事 ④对损害国家荣誉和利益的事及时向有关部门举报
A.①③④ B.①④ C.②④ D.①②③
8.2008年5月21日，著名影星李连杰宣布，为了专注赈灾决定息影一年。灾情发生后，李连杰一直奔走于四川灾区的各处，为赈灾筹款而忙碌。李连杰的行为对我们的主要启示是
A.承担责任没有代价，只有回报
B.应对自己负责，承担起自己的责任 C.应自觉守法，承担起维护社会秩序的责任 D.积极承担社会责任，服务社会，奉献社会
9.2008年5月2日，济南铁路局局长陈功、党委书记柴铁民被铁道部免职审查。由于他们的工作失误，致使胶济铁路发生旅客列车脱轨倾覆相撞特大事故，造成72人死亡、416人受伤。对此下列说法错误的是()
A.不负责任要付出代价
B.我们要自觉承担起属于自己的责任
C.不负责任要受到法律的严惩
D.我们在做任何事之前，要充分考虑自己的行为是否会给他人、社会造成不良影响
2008年5月4日，“微笑北京志愿奥运”志愿者誓师大会在首都体育馆隆重召开。奥运期间，奥组委只为志愿者提供赛会期间的市内交通和餐饮，其余费用则由其自己负担，但这丝毫没有阻挡志愿者的参与热情。据此回答10-12题。
10.上述材料告诉我们（）
①承担责任需要消耗时间、精力或体力 ②每个公民都有自觉守法、维护社会秩序的责任 ③积极承担责任是做人的基本要求 ④积极参加社会公益活动是服务社会、奉献社会的好形式
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④
11.下列对北京奥运会志愿者的评价错误的是()A.做到了服务社会、奉献社会 B.在奉献社会的过程中收获了快乐
C.会得到社会的认可、人们的赞誉 D.付出大量的时间，不值得
12.学习志愿者，养成亲社会的行为，我们就要()
①参加与贫困山区的孩子手拉手、献爱心的活动 ②走上街头，进行义务法制宣传 ③积极参加义务植树活动 ④走上街头抓小偷
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.①②③④
13.2008年上半年，东风汽车有限公司将召回4945辆存在制动隐患的天籁轿车，并将对召回的车辆更换主、辅消声器，以消除故障隐患。东风汽车有限公司召回存在制动隐患的汽车（）
①说明他们的技术不过关，存在蒙骗消费者的现象 ②他们能够做到信守承诺，勇担过错 ③是一种负责任的行为，将会得到消费者的认可与信任 ④是不妥当的，这不利于今后汽车的销售
A.①②③ B.②③ C.①④ D.②③④
14.2008年5月5日，83岁的闻连春被授予“辽宁省见义勇为先进分子”称号。闻连春老人不顾个人安危，跳入3米深的水塘救起了一名10岁男孩。闻连春（）
①承担了对社会的责任 ②承担了关爱集体的责任 ③自身的价值在奉献中得到了提升 ④弘扬了中华民族见义勇为的传统美德
A.①②③ B.①③④ C.①②④ D.②③④
二、非选择题 15.国家兴亡 匹夫有责
材料一：2008年上半年，在第12届瓦伦西亚室内田径世界锦标赛60米栏决赛中，中国飞人刘翔7秒46夺得冠军。在刘翔登台领奖的时候，西班牙组委会错将智利国歌当作中 6 国国歌放出。随后，刘翔向赛事组委会提出了严重抗议，经过十分钟的协调，颁奖仪式重新进行。这一次，刘翔终于展开了属于冠军应有的笑容。
材料二：漫画：【夜幕下的交易】
阅读材料，回答问题：
⑴材料一和材料二分别说明了什么问题？
⑵作为当代中学生，怎样做才是对国家、对民族负责呢？
16.积极承担社会责任
材料一：2008年6月9日，“北京志愿者支援灾区接力计划服务队”首批8人赴四川灾区，他们将分赴成都、德阳、什邡进行7天服务。截至目前，2700余名志愿者报名团市委、北京志愿者协会联合推出的“捐出500小时”支援灾区接力计划。经过审核的志愿者将在京或赴地震灾区开展医疗、教育等服务，每人累计服务不少于500小时。
材料二：5·12汶川震灾发生时，袁文婷老师所在的民主中心小学的校舍也遭遇了严重的破坏，灾难发生时，教室里的很多孩子都吓得呆坐着，不知所措。为了最大限度的减少孩子们的伤亡，袁文婷老师一次又一次冲进教室，柔弱的双手抱出了一个又一个孩子。当她最后一次冲进去后，三层的教学楼轰然倒塌„„袁老师献出了年仅26岁的生命。
⑴作为祖国未来的建设者，你打算怎样向上述志愿者学习？
⑵袁文婷老师的事迹对你在做人方面有何启示。
17.热心公益 服务社会
2008年5月4日，济南教委出台了一项政策，要求每个中学生从初一到高三毕业前要累计完成一个月社会公益服务。社会公益服务，可采取多种方式、多种形式，既可以集体进行，也可以个人进行。动员中学生参加“每周奉献一小时”志愿服务活动，就近在社区参与清理环境卫生、社区绿化美化，参与青少年社区帮扶、社区矫治等公益活动。也可以组织到爱国主义教育基地开展志愿讲解活动，在校园、社区、公共场所等开展纠正不文明行为的“小小文明工程”志愿服务活动。各学校将记录每个中学生的社会公益服务时间，到毕业时完不成的，将会影响毕业成绩。
阅读材料后，请回答下列问题：
⑴这段材料说明了什么？
⑵青少年学生为什么要积极参加社会公益活动？
⑶你参加过哪些公益活动？谈谈参加这些活动的感受。
18.关注奥运
2008年8月8日北京奥运会即将隆重召开。这是全体中华儿女的共同期盼，对于促进我国经济社会发展、增进中国人民同世界各国人民的友谊与合作，具有重要意义。我们要扎实做好各项筹备和组织工作，创造良好环境，确保成功举办一届有特色、高水平的体育盛会。
为配合2008奥运会的筹备活动，某校开展了以“迎接新奥运，感受新北京”为主题的社会实践活动，假如你也参与这次活动，请你完成以下的任务：
◆活动一：参与宣传。
任务：⑴请你为“迎奥运、讲文明、树新风”学习宣传活动设计两条宣传标语。
⑵你认为可以采取哪些方式进行宣传？
◆活动二：志愿服务。
⑶你能为北京奥运会的成功举办做哪些志愿服务工作？
1(?兰州)下列不属于化学研究范畴的是
A.纳米铜的性质B.C60的组成
C.单晶硅的结构D.无人机的研发
2(?安徽)下列我国古代的技术应用不涉及化学变化的是()
A.粮食酿酒B.棉纱织布C.火药应用D.瓷器烧制
3下列叙述错误的是()
A.发光、发热不一定是化学变化
B.化学变化的特征是有其他物质生成
C.我国古代化学工艺在世界上享有盛名，如制火药、烧制瓷器
D.观察物质变化时伴随的现象，就一定能判断有无化学变化发生
4(2016?山东潍坊)下列变化属于物理变化的是()
A.粮食酿酒B.铁钉生锈C.酒精挥发D.蜡烛燃烧
5下列变化中前者是化学变化，后者是物理变化的是()
A.食盐溶于水，火药爆炸B.镁带燃烧，铁生锈
C.食物腐败，电灯发光D.汽油挥发，酒精燃烧
6汽油在空气中燃烧时会伴随着下列实验现象，其中最能说明汽油燃烧是化学变化的现象是()
A.产生火焰
B.放出大量的热
C.罩在火焰上方的烧杯壁上出现小水滴
D.将罩在火焰上方的烧杯迅速倒过来，倒入澄清石灰水，石灰水变浑浊
7李明同学在做蜡烛燃烧的探究实验时，用火柴去点蜡烛刚熄灭时的白烟，他惊奇地发现蜡烛又能重新燃烧起来。由此，他大胆地做了一个推测，此白烟是()
A.氧气B.二氧化碳C.棉线D.石蜡的固体小颗粒
8(2015?兰州)下列属于化学性质的是()
A.挥发性B.溶解性C.稳定性D.导电性
9“在通常状况下，氧气是没有颜色、没有气味的气体”，这句话是指氧气的()
A.物理性质B.物理变化C.化学性质D.化学变化
10下列能在酒精灯火焰上直接加热的玻璃仪器是()
A.量筒B.烧杯C.试管D.燃烧匙
11下列物质的用途利用了其物理性质的是()
A.生活中用镶有金刚石的玻璃刀裁割玻璃
B.利用石油制合成纤维
C.利用煤炭燃烧取暖
D.用蜡烛燃烧照明
12下列对蜡烛燃烧过程中实验现象描述错误的是()
A.火焰分为三层B.罩在火焰上的烧杯内壁出现水珠
C.蜡烛逐渐变短D.生成了气体二氧化碳
13某些金属工艺品的外观有银白色的金属光泽，同学们认为它可能和铁一样，有磁性。在讨论时，有同学提出“我们可以拿磁铁来吸引一下”。“拿磁铁来吸引一下”属于科学探究中的()
A.提出假设B.交流评价C.设计实验D.作出结论
14根据维生素C能够使淀粉-碘溶液蓝色褪去的原理，应用右图实验可以测定果汁中维生素C含量的多少。要得出正确的结论，实验过程中不需要进行控制的条件是()
A.烧杯中溶液的体积
B.两个胶头滴管滴出的每滴果汁的体积
C.烧杯中淀粉-碘溶液的浓度
D.胶头滴管滴出果汁的滴数
15下列关于实验方法的归纳错误的是()
A.玻璃仪器都可以用作反应器
B.给试管里的固体药品加热时，应先均匀加热，再在固定部位加热
C.取用固体药品可以用药匙，有些块状药品用镊子夹取
D.用过的滴管立即用清水冲洗干净，严禁采用未经清洗的滴管再吸取别的试剂
16正确的操作能保证化学实验的顺利进行。下列操作正确的是()
A.将固体药品直接放在托盘天平的托盘上称量
B.给试管中的药品加热时，先均匀加热，后集中加热
C.为了节约药品，实验室用剩的药品应放回原瓶
D.用量筒量取一定量的液体时，仰视或俯视读数
17化学实验过程中，下列对意外事故的处理方法错误的是()
A.洒在桌面上的酒精燃烧起来，立即用湿抹布盖灭
B.稀酸飞溅到皮肤上，立即用大量的水冲洗，再涂上3%～5%的小苏打溶液
C.碱液沾到皮肤上，用水冲洗后，再涂上硫酸溶液
D.少量酸滴到实验台上，应用湿抹布擦净，再用水冲洗抹布
18(2016?山东潍坊)下列实验操作错误的是()
A.闻气体气味B.添加酒精C.加热液体D.滴加液体
19(2015?湖北黄石)量筒中盛有一定量的液体。如果将量筒举过头顶读数，则读取的体积读数与液体实际体积相比()
A.偏小B.偏大C.没有影响D.与人的身高有关
20(2016?天津)下列图示实验操作中，正确的是()
ABCD
二、填空题(共38分)
21(4分)(1)正确量取15mL液体，应选用下列______(填序号)量筒。
①20mL②50mL③10mL和5mL
(2)某同学量取食盐水，读数时量筒平放在桌面上且面对刻度线，当视线仰视时读数为
38mL，其正确的体积数应______(填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)38mL。
22(12分)选择仪器下方的字母填写在相应横线上。
(1)用来吸取和滴加少量液体的仪器是;
(2)可以直接加热的仪器是;
(3)实验室常用的加热仪器是;
(4)排水集气法会用到的仪器是;
(5)量取液体时，需要用;
(6)少量溶液相互发生反应时，需要用。
23(6分)给物质加热时，应用酒精灯灯焰的部分，因为这部分温度;用托盘天平称量时，应把砝码放在盘;加砝码时，应先加质量的砝码，砝码要用_____夹取;给试管里的液体加热时，试管里的液体体积一般不要超过试管容积的;在实验室里如不小心碰倒酒精灯，洒出的酒精在实验台上燃烧起来，应立即用扑盖。
24(4分)从现在起我们应该帮助爸爸、妈妈做一些家务，锻炼独立生活能力，刷洗碗碟的过程是__________________，判断是否刷净的标准是。
25(12分)在对蜡烛及其燃烧进行了探究以后，请你填写下列空格：
(1)如右图所示，点燃蜡烛，观察到蜡烛火焰分为三层，分别是、内焰和焰心，把一根火柴梗放在蜡烛的火焰上约1s后取出，可以看到(填字母)处的火柴梗最先炭化。结论：蜡烛火焰的温度。
(2)再将一只干燥的烧杯罩在蜡烛火焰的上方，烧杯内壁出现，片刻后取下烧杯，迅速向烧杯内倒入少量的澄清石灰水，振荡后发现。
结论：蜡烛燃烧以后的生成物是。
三、实验探究题(共22分)
26(10分)某同学对蜡烛的燃烧进行探究：
①点燃一支蜡烛，用一只烧杯倒扣在燃着的蜡烛上，蜡烛燃烧片刻后熄灭，如实验一。
②再点燃蜡烛，然后吹灭，看到烛芯产生一缕白烟，用火柴点燃白烟，蜡烛重新被引燃，如实验二。
③将粗细均匀的木条水平放在蜡烛的火焰上，稍加热后观察木条燃烧现象，如实验三。
(1)操作①中，蜡烛能燃烧片刻的原因是_________________________________________。
(2)操作②中，关于白烟的成分，有同学做出了下列猜想：A.白烟是水蒸气;B.白烟是石蜡固体小颗粒;C.白烟是二氧化碳。你认为上述猜想有道理的是____________(填序号)，理由是________________________________________。
(3)该同学在做实验一的过程中，发现罩在火焰上方的烧杯内壁被熏黑，你认为她的以下做法中不合适的是()
A.反复实验，并观察是否有相同现象
B.查找资料，了解石蜡的主要成分，探究生成的黑色固体是什么
C.认为与本次实验目的无关，不予理睬
D.询问老师或同学，讨论生成黑色物质的原因
(4)木条处于外焰的部分最先变黑，说明蜡烛的外焰温度最______________。
27(12分)通过对我们吸入空气和呼出气体成分的研究，比较人体吸入的空气和呼出的气体中所含有二氧化碳、氧气、水蒸气的多少，得到初步结论，并完成下表。
实验步骤实验现象实验结论
(1)用排水法收集两瓶呼出的气体
(2)向一盛空气的集气瓶中和一盛呼出气体的集气瓶中分别加入少量澄清石灰水
(3)将燃着的木条分别插入盛有空气和呼出气体的集气瓶中
(4)取两块干燥的玻璃片，对着其中一块吹气，观察玻璃片上水蒸气的情况，并与另一块放在空气中的玻璃片作对比
1D解析：化学是在分子、原子层次上研究物质性质、组成、结构与变化规律的科学。因此纳米铜的性质、C60的组成、单晶硅的结构都是化学研究的范畴;无人机的研发不属于化学研究的范畴。
2B解析：粮食酿酒的过程中有酒精等其他物质生成，此过程涉及化学变化;棉纱织布的过程中没有其他物质产生，此过程不涉及化学变化;火药在应用的过程中有二氧化碳等其他物质产生，此过程涉及化学变化;瓷器烧制的过程中有其他物质产生，此过程涉及化学变化。
3D解析：物理变化也会有发光、发热的现象，如开着的电灯;只观察物质变化时伴随的现象，不能判定是否发生化学变化。
4C解析：物理变化是指没有新物质生成的变化，化学变化是指有新物质生成的变化。酒精挥发是酒精由液态变成气态，酒精分子不断运动到空气中的过程，并无新物质生成，属于物理变化;粮食酿酒过程中生成了酒精、铁钉生锈的过程中生成了铁锈(Fe2O3)、蜡烛燃烧过程中生成了二氧化碳和水，三者都有新物质生成，属于化学变化。
5C解析：物理变化和化学变化的本质区别在于是否有其他物质生成。A中食盐溶于水，只是物质的溶解，没有其他物质生成，属于物理变化;火药爆炸是物质的燃烧，属于化学变化。B中镁带燃烧，铁生锈，二者均属于化学变化。C中食物腐败，有其他物质生成，属于化学变化;电灯发光属于能量的转化，没有其他物质生成，是物理变化。D中汽油挥发，是分子间间隔大小的改变，属于物理变化;酒精燃烧属于化学变化。
6D解析：将罩在火焰上方的烧杯迅速倒过来，倒入澄清石灰水，石灰水变浑浊，说明生成了二氧化碳气体。因为有新物质二氧化碳生成，所以能说明汽油燃烧是化学变化。
7D
8C解析：物理性质是指物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，化学性质是指物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质。稳定性是物质一般不与其他物质发生反应，所以需要通过化学变化表现出来，属于化学性质;挥发性、溶解性、导电性均不需要通过化学变化就能表现出来，属于物理性质。
9A
10C
11A解析：物理性质是物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、熔点、沸点、硬度、密度、气味、导电性等。A中是利用了金刚石硬度大的物理性质。
12D解析：蜡烛燃烧生成了二氧化碳是实验结论，而不是实验现象，且二氧化碳是无色无味的气体，我们观察不到。
13C
14D解析：控制变量法要求每一次只改变其中的某一个因素，而控制其余几个因素不变。本实验测定两种果汁中维生素C的含量，固定淀粉-碘溶液的量，测定需要果汁的量可以求出果汁中维生素C的含量，所以滴数是要求量，不需控制。
15A解析：量筒是玻璃仪器，但不能用作反应器。
16B解析：用托盘天平称量固体药品前，应在两个托盘上各放一张干净的、大小相同的称量纸，称量易潮解的或有腐蚀性的药品时，必须放在玻璃器皿里;实验剩余的药品不能放回原瓶，应放到指定容器内;用量筒量取液体时，视线应与量筒内液体凹液面的最低处保持水平，俯视或仰视读数都会产生误差。
17C解析：碱液沾到皮肤上，要立即用较多的水冲洗，再涂上硼酸溶液。
18B解析：闻药品气味时，要用手扇，不能把鼻孔凑到容器口去闻药品的气味，故A正确;使用酒精灯时，不能向燃着的酒精灯中添加酒精，故B错误;加热少量液体药品时，使用试管，试管夹夹至距离试管口1/3处，液体的量不能超过试管容积的1/3，用酒精灯外焰加热，故C正确;使用胶头滴管时，胶头滴管应竖直悬空于试管口正上方，下端不能伸入试管内，也不能接触试管壁，故D正确。
19A解析：量筒的正确读数是读数时视线要与量筒内液体凹液面的最低处保持水平。将量筒举过头顶读数，相当于仰视读数，会使读取的体积读数小于液体实际的体积，故A选项正确。
20D解析：用酒精灯给试管中的液体加热，要用酒精灯的外焰，试管夹要夹持在距试管口1/3处，试管内的液体不能超过试管容积的1/3，A中试管里的液体超过了试管容积的1/3，A不正确;用胶头滴管向试管中滴加液体时，胶头滴管应竖直、悬空在试管口正上方，防止污染试剂，B不正确;向试管中倾倒液体时，试剂瓶的瓶塞要倒放在桌面上，标签要向着手心，试剂瓶口要紧挨着试管口，C不正确;点燃酒精灯要用火柴，D正确。
21(1)①(2)大于
解析：为了尽可能减小误差，选择量筒量程时应选择比所量液体体积稍大的量程。量筒读数的正确方法应该是：先把量筒放平，视线与量筒内液体凹液面的最低处保持水平。仰视读数偏小，会使量得的液体体积大于读数;而俯视读数偏大，量得的液体体积小于读数。
22(1)f(2)d(3)g(4)h(5)c(6)d
23外焰右大镊子1/3湿抹布
24先用洗洁精刷洗，再用水冲洗(合理即可)碗碟表面附着的水既不聚成水滴，也不成股流下
解析：洗干净碗碟的标准和实验室洗涤玻璃仪器的标准是相同的。
25(1)外焰a外焰(2)水雾澄清石灰水变浑浊二氧化碳和水
26(1)烧杯内有一定量的空气(2)B水蒸气和二氧化碳不能燃烧，石蜡能燃烧
(3)C(4)高
解析：(1)蜡烛能燃烧片刻的原因是烧杯内有一定量的空气。(2)关于白烟的成分，因为白烟能燃烧，故选B，理由是水蒸气和二氧化碳不能燃烧，石蜡能燃烧。
27
实验步骤实验现象实验结论
盛空气的集气瓶中澄清石灰水无明显变化，盛呼出气体的集气瓶中澄清石灰水变浑浊空气中二氧化碳的含量比呼出气体中二氧化碳的含量少
盛空气的集气瓶中木条燃烧无明显变化，盛呼出气体的集气瓶中木条熄灭空气中氧气的含量比呼出气体中氧气的含量多
放在空气中的玻璃片上无明显变化，被吹气的玻璃片上有水雾出现空气中水蒸气的含量比呼出气体中水蒸气的含量少
关键词：阅读教学,策略讲授法,九年级,英语阅读教学,阅读速度,流利性
《初中英语新课程标准》对初中学生英语阅读能力提出了更高要求, 要求学生掌握大量阅读技巧来提高英语阅读水平, 同时指出初中生应该提高阅读速度, 通过快速阅读来减少阅读时间, 并明确提出阅读流畅性的重要性。然而, 初中英语阅读教学一直是影响初中英语教学的一个瓶颈。近年来, 江西省中考英语阅读理解测试部分的分数一直保持在平均分26分左右 (总分为40分) , 这种现象仍未被广大初中学生, 尤其是九年级学生及英语教师所真正重视。因此, 为探索更实效的九年级英语阅读教学模式, 笔者运用阅读教学策略讲授法对九年级英语阅读教学进行了有益探索。
一、九年级学生阅读能力较低的原因
九年级学生之所以阅读能力较低, 主要有以下四个方面的原因。首先, 在心理方面, 九年级学生有畏难情绪, 有自我暗示, 缺乏自信, 不相信自己能将英语文章顺畅地阅读好;其次, 九年级学生英语语言功底还不够扎实;学生不能联系上下文来学习, 不能综合概括英语文章的主旨内容;再次, 在逻辑推理方面, 九年级学生还不能准确概括归纳英文文章意思, 缺乏英语语篇的整体意识, 并且也不能分段理解, 很难领悟英语文章作者的精神;最后, 在理解能力方面, 九年级学生对阅读细节缺乏理解, 只看到英文文章的表面, 不能深层分析英语文章。
二、阅读教学策略讲授法概述
笔者根据九年级学生英语阅读状况, 以Janzen & Stoller的ISRI策略训练教学模式为原型, 融入Weaver & Cohen的外语教学模式 (SBI) 以及Oxford的“八步法”训练模式当中的合理成分, 提出适合九年级英语阅读教学的阅读教学策略讲授法。这种教学法分为三个阶段:读前活动;读中活动;读后活动。ISRI的特点在于培养学生进行引导理解的策略意识, 教授具体的策略, 并提供讨论和练习阅读策略的机会;SBI强调把多种英语阅读策略训练内容分散并融合到不同时期的英语教学之中;“八步法”提出了学习策略的八个步骤。这三种理论为九年级英语阅读教学策略讲授法提供了丰富的思想源泉。
三、案例分析
笔者对江西省萍乡市某普通中学九年级实验班40名学生实施阅读教学策略讲授法, 并对控制班40名学生实施以课本为基础的的传统阅读教学法的研究状况。运用SPSS 13.0统计软件对九年级英语阅读调查问卷 (前测、后测) 及前测、后测结果进行分析。本研究拟具体回答以下三个问题:第一, 如何在九年级英语阅读教学中实施阅读教学策略讲授法;第二, 实施阅读教学策略讲授法对九年级学生带来什么影响;第三, 如何处理阅读教学策略讲授法与传统阅读教学法的矛盾。
通过实验得出以下结论:第一, 阅读教学策略讲授法比以课本为基础的的传统阅读教学法更能提高九年级学生的英语阅读兴趣;第二, 实施阅读教学策略讲授法能帮助九年级学生克服了英语阅读的畏难心理, 激发了学生的阅读英语的热情, 提高了英语阅读理解题的平均分、缩小了分数间的标准偏差;第三, 由于实验在九年级中进行, 实验蒙上了功利性的色彩;第四, 阅读教学策略讲授法可以促使学生掌握多种阅读策略, 如策略一:限时阅读, 迫使初中生定时定量地达到阅读目标;策略二:整体阅读, 即注重文章大意, 让学生养成不究细节的阅读习惯;策略三:培养初中生用英语思维的阅读习惯;策略四:运用初中语法知识提高阅读理解准确率和阅读速度;策略五:激发学生兴趣, 科学指导学生课外英语阅读, 拓宽学生的知识面;策略六:教会学生如何积累词汇与猜测词意。
四、结语
基于上述发现, 得出以下启示:首先, 九年级英语阅读教学中实施阅读教学策略讲授法是可行的、有效的。但是实验时间太短、尤其只在九年级进行, 导致一些结论可能不是很准确。其次, 实施阅读教学策略讲授法时学生可以减少阅读时间, 提高阅读速度和增强理解力。再次, 提高九年级学生英语阅读能力的研究有助于九年级师生共同发张进步, 这项研究促使九年级老师不断改进阅读教学方法, 更加关注九年级学生阅读兴趣的培养, 使他们养成良好的英语阅读习惯, 掌握一些切实可行的英语阅读策略, 形成很有实效性的英语阅读技巧, 并且能够不断促进九年级学生英语综合能力的全面发展。
江西省萍乡四中在英语阅读教学模式改革中收益匪浅。运用运用阅读教学策略讲授法, 大多数九年级英语教师改善了英语阅读教学时沉闷的课堂气氛, 在很大程度上提高了九年级学生的英语阅读兴趣, 促进了学生形成良好的英语阅读习惯。
参考文献
[1]曾祥敏.国外近十年阅读策略训练研究述评[J].西安交通大学学报, 2008 (8) .
1.美洲是一块古老的大陆，长期以来与世隔绝，把它与世界联系起来的重大历史事件是（）
A.哥伦布远航B.麦哲伦环球航行
C.达·伽马远航D.迪亚士远航
2.有关《人权宣言》的表述不正确的是（）
A.宣布私有财产神圣不可侵犯
B.其颁布标志着法国大革命的开始
C.具有反封建等级制度的进步性
D.是法国大革命的纲领性文件
3.中央电视台历史纪录片《大国崛起》解说词写道：17世纪，英国“在历史性的转变中抢占了先机，已经率先达到了现代文明的入口处……在下两个世纪里，它将傲视全球”。英国“抢占了先机”和“傲视全球”的典型表现分别是（）
A.完成了新航路开辟，资本主义经济得到迅速发展
B.确立了君主立宪制，最早确立资本主义制度
C.确立了君主立宪制，通过工业革命成为最发达的工业国
D.率先完成工业革命，确立了海上霸主和世界殖民霸主的地位
4.工业革命是人类历史上的第一次科技革命，它是用机器生产系统地取代手工劳动的过程。工业革命开始于下列哪个图示的发明（）
5.新航路开辟后，在连续300多年的“三角贸易”中，遭受灾难最深重的地区是（）
A.欧洲B.亚洲C.美洲D.非洲
6.下列关于俄国1861年改革的叙述，不正确的一项是（）
A.这是由沙皇自上而下实行的一次资产阶级改革
B.这次改革废除了俄国的农奴制度
C.在改革中，农奴获得解放的时候可以无偿地获得一块土地
D.它加快了俄国的资本主义的发展
7.1931年，一位伟大的科学家病重期间，几十名记者为他守夜，每隔一小时就对外发布一次消息：“灯还亮着。”这位科学家是（）
A.瓦特B.法拉第C.爱迪生D.爱因斯坦
8.下列史实不属于第一次世界大战影响的是（）
A.“三国同盟”、“三国协约”的形成
B.俄国1917年彼得格勒武装起义
C.中国爆发五四爱国运动
D.凡尔赛—华盛顿体系的确立
9.深受启蒙思想影响而爆发的资产阶级革命或改革有（）
①英国资产阶级革命②美国独立战争③法国大革命④日本明治维新
A.③B.③④C.②③④D.①②③④
10.在中考历史备考专题复习中，如果世界近代史的基本发展趋势从政治、经济、思想文化等方面进行概括，那么你认为下面各项中不准确的是（）
A.从君主专制变为民主共和制
B.从农业社会走向工业社会
C.从专制主义到政治民主
D.从封建神学到科学理性
11.下表反映的是1928—1937年某国工业生产总值的排位情况。据此判断，该国是（）
12.第一次世界大战后，帝国主义在欧洲、西亚和非洲统治的新秩序得以确立，主要是依据（）
A.《凡尔赛和约》B.《九国公约》
C.《四国条约》D.《五国海军条约》
13.历史学家阿诺德·汤因比曾这样说过：“1931年，世界各地所有的人都在认真地思考并坦率地议论着西方的社会制度也许会失败或不再起作用的可能性。”他说这句话的背景是（）
A.“冷战”局面开始形成
B.苏联建立了社会主义制度
C.殖民体系开始瓦解
D.经济危机破坏严重
14.下列哪些事件使第二次世界大战逐步扩大（）
①德国突袭波兰②苏德战争爆发③太平洋战争爆发④诺曼底登陆
A.①②B.③④C.①④D.②③
15.二战后西欧、日本经济恢复和发展的原因，不同的是（）
A.制定了适当的经济政策
B.建立了区域合作
C.采用现代科学技术成果
D.美国的经济援助
16.第二次世界大战后民族解放运动席卷非洲，其中有一年就出现了17个独立国家，被称为“非洲独立年”，这一年是（）
A.1952年B.1959年C.1960年D.1990年
17.前苏联总统戈尔巴乔夫在1991年12月25日辞职演讲中说：“我们什么都多：土地、石油和天然气、其他自然资源；智慧和才能也都不错。我们的生活却比发达国家差得多，越来越落在他们的后面……”这种现象的主要原因是（）
A.“斯大林模式”的弊端
B.与美国军备竞赛的拖累
C.东欧剧变的影响
D.西方国家的经济封锁
18.右侧漫画反映的是二战后美国的对外政策，下列各项与这一政策没有直接关系的是（）
A.杜鲁门主义的出台
B.马歇尔计划的实施
C.北约组织的建立
D.苏联解体和东欧剧变
19.20世纪以来，国际关系格局经历了凡尔赛—华盛顿体系、两极格局、多极化趋势的演变过程，这三种格局的相同点有（）
①合作与对抗并存②大国作用举足轻重③带有大国强权色彩④在世界大战后形成
A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④
20.2014年11月11日，亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议在北京怀柔雁栖湖国际会议中心举行。各成员领导人围绕“共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系”主题深入交换意见，共商区域经济合作大计，达成广泛共识。中国国家主席习近平主持会议。习近平在讲话中强调，面对新形势，亚太经济体应深入推进区域经济一体化，打造发展创新、增长联动、利益融合的开放型亚太经济格局，共建（）endprint
A.平等、包容、协作、互信的亚太伙伴关系
B.互利、安全、合作、共赢的亚太伙伴关系
C.互信、包容、合作、共赢的亚太伙伴关系
D.民主、互谅、合作、共赢的亚太伙伴关系
二、非选择题（4小题，共60分）
21.（12分）2015年是世界人民反法西斯战争胜利70周年。第二次世界大战的硝烟已随着时间的推移而散去，但它留给世界的伤痛和教训永远存在。让我们反思世界大战的历史，为维护世界和平而共同努力吧！
（1）材料一反映了1929—1933年经济危机的什么特点？（2分）1929—1933年经济危机对世界局势产生了怎样的影响？（2分）
材料二面对法西斯的肆虐，世界人民走向了联合，1942年1月1日建立了共同抗敌的组织。此后，世界各国通力合作，反法西斯战争开始向反法西斯一方转折直至走向胜利。
——人教版九年级下册历史教材
（2）材料二中共同抗敌的组织指什么？（1分）请举出各国通力合作的典型事例。（两例即可，2分）二战的转折点是什么？（1分）材料二认为反法西斯战争胜利的原因是什么？（1分）
材料三（战场上）到处散布着破碎的弹片，折断了的武器以及成堆的尸体……其中有些人被抛到十五英尺高，断腿残肢挂在那些幸存的树枝上。
材料四二战后初期的西欧，经济凋敝，困难重重。英国有一半以上的工业瘫痪，法国居民每天仅配给200克面包，联邦德国工人一个月的工资只能买一条香烟。
（3）根据材料三、四归纳战争有何危害？（2分）为此，你有何感想？（1分）
22.（14分）经济全球化为世界经济发展增添了新的活力，对世界经济发展起了促进作用，已成为不可抗拒的历史潮流。让我们沿着世界经济发展的轨迹，完成下面问题。
材料一全球化是在人类社会经济发展的推动下，把分散割据的世界连成一个相互联系的统一大市场的过程。……这个过程的初始阶段，即16世纪前后“地理大发现”的时代。
（1）“地理大发现”指的是什么历史事件？（1分）其中发现美洲的欧洲航海家是谁？（1分）
材料二科技革命改变了人类的生产、生活方式，人与人之间的时空距离不断缩短，使整个世界日益紧缩成一个“村落”——“地球村”的概念由此产生……“地球村”的概念也同样意味着全球是一个有机的系统，而不只是两百多个国家与地区的大拼盘。
（2）列举三次科技革命中，促进“地球村”形成的成果各一例。（3分）
材料三20世纪90年代以来，经济全球化趋势进一步加强。经济全球化是社会生产力和科学技术发展的客观要求和必然结果。跨国公司有力地促进了世纪经济的发展和全球化进程。
——人教版九年级下册历史教材
（3）材料三指出20世纪90年代以来，经济全球化趋势进一步加强的原因有哪些？（2分）材料二、三中推动经济全球化发展的相同因素是什么？（1分）
（4）材料四反映了经济全球化过程中的什么问题？（2分）
材料五
（5）材料五中的四幅图片共同反映了什么问题？（2分）根据材料四、五和所学知识，请你说出作为发展中国家的中国是怎样积极应对经济全球化趋势的。（2分）
23.（16分）在合作中实现共赢是人类一直以来共同追寻的目标。历史上合作事例有很多，根据提示，完成下列有关“合作”主题的探究任务。
【正面印证】
（1）在人类生存与发展面临挑战的时候，国家间的合作能够化解危机和灾难。请以二战中的典型史实加以说明。（要从史实及其作用两方面作答，2分）
（2）战后的西欧在政治、经济上密切合作，促进欧洲一体化的措施是什么？（2分）产生了什么作用？（2分）
（3）1991年，我国加入了亚太经济合作组织，此后一直积极参与该组织的各项活动，并在2001年和2014年两次成功举办该组织会议。中国积极参与和举办亚太经合组织会议对中国和世界分别产生了什么积极影响？（4分）
【反面对比】
（4）写出图一示意的两个组织名称。（2分）两个示意图反映的信息分别造成了怎样的严重后果？（2分）
【感悟启示】
（5）通过以上探究，你有何感想和启示？（2分）
24.（18分）九年级（1）班开展了以“大国的崛起”为主题的探究活动，小明同学选取了以下素材对美国和日本进行了综合比较探究，请你一起参与进来。
【美国崛起】
材料一在美国首都华盛顿，林肯纪念堂和华盛顿纪念碑遥遥相望。有人说，是华盛顿创立了美国，是林肯拯救了美国。
材料二南北战争后的30年对美国来说，是勇于创新的时代，也是开始腾飞的时代。……美国率先进入了第二次工业革命。……到1894年，美国工业产值已跃居世界首位。
材料三1930年的美国，经济萧条冷落，失业人数猛增：1930年达420万；1931年攀升近一倍；到1933年，竟然有1500万～1700万工人失业。还有很多人处于半失业状态。……穷人的生活更加拮据。
——人教版九年级下册历史教材
（1）“是华盛顿创立了美国，是林肯拯救了美国”分别指美国历史上的什么事件？（2分）它们分别在美国历史发展中起了什么作用？（2分）
（2）材料二表明1894年美国工业产值已跃居世界首位的原因是什么？（1分）
（3）材料三中的现象是有什么原因造成的？（1分）面对危机美国采取了什么措施？（1分）它对美国的发展有什么重要意义？（2分）
【日本腾飞】
材料四“大约在150年前，（一个）位于太平洋西岸的岛国，在西方殖民者坚船利炮的胁迫下遭遇了巨大的生存危机。出人意料的是，它将此作为自己弃旧图新、迎头赶上的历史机遇，并最终使自己成为东方世界第一个摆脱西方大国的欺凌、顺利实现现代化的国家……今天，这个岛国依然是世界第二大经济强国。”endprint
——《大国崛起》解说词
材料五
材料六在经济发展过程中，日本大量引进了国外的先进技术。同时，每年将全部财政的20%以上投入教育，培养高素质人才，提高日本产品的竞争力。……20世纪80年代中期以后，日本实行“科技立国”政策，促进了经济的发展。
——人教版九年级下册历史教材
（4）材料四中的“岛国”指的是哪个国家？（1分）“弃旧图新”指该国实行了什么措施？（1分）该措施产生了什么积极作用？（2分）
（5）材料五和材料六说明了什么？（1分）
【综合探究】
（6）通过以上探究，你发现美日崛起的原因有何相同之处？（2分）这对我国实现中国梦有何启示？（2分）
参考答案及评分标准
一、1.A2.B3.C4.B5.D6.C7.C8.A9.C10.A11.C12.A13.D14.D15.B16.C17.A18.D19.A20.C
二、21.（1）范围广、破坏性大。（2分）影响：形成了欧亚两个战争策源地，导致了第二次世界大战的爆发。（2分）
（2）国际反法西斯联盟。（1分）事例：诺曼底登陆，苏联出兵中国东北，美国向日本投掷了两颗原子弹等。（2分）转折点：斯大林格勒战役。（1分）原因：世界各国的通力合作。（1分）
（3）战争造成了大量的人员伤亡，严重的经济困难，人民生活的困苦。（2分）感想：战争危害巨大；反对战争，维护世界和平；等等。（开放性试题，言之有理即可，1分）
22.（1）新航路的开辟。（1分）哥伦布。（1分）
（2）第一次工业革命：蒸汽机车、汽船。（任举一例即可，1分）第二次工业革命：汽车、飞机、电报、电话。（任举一例即可，1分）第三次科技革命：移动电话、电子计算机、国际互联网。（任举一例即可，1分）
（3）生产力的推动，科技革命的推动，跨国公司的推动。（2分）相同因素：科技革命推动了经济全球化的发展。（1分）
（4）跨国公司常常把一些技术水平低、污染程度高的企业从发达国家转移到发展中国家，使发展中国家环境污染严重，在经济全球化过程中常常处于不利境地。（2分）
（5）中国积极参与国际竞争与合作；中国积极顺应经济全球化潮流；中国在国际事务中的影响力越来越大，国际地位日益提高。（2分）应对：中国在顺应经济全球化潮流的同时，制定了防范风险的有效政策；引进国外的投资和技术，学习先进的经济管理经验，促进了经济的高速发展。（2分）
23.（1）国际反法西斯联盟的建立，鼓舞了各国人民的斗志；壮大了反法西斯的力量；奠定了打败法西斯国家的基础。（或苏、美、英召开雅尔塔会议，雅尔塔会议对协调盟国战胜德日法西斯的步伐，以及建立联合国起到了一定的积极作用。诺曼底登陆开辟第二战场，使德国东西受到夹击。）（2分）
（2）成立了欧共体，后来在欧共体的基础上成立了欧盟。（2分）作用：促进了欧共体（欧盟）成员国经济的发展，提高了欧洲在国际上的地位和作用，有力地冲击了两极格局，有利于世界的多极化发展。（2分）
（3）对中国：促进了中国经济的发展；促进了中国综合国力的提高；扩大了中国在亚太地区乃至世界的影响力，促进了中国国际地位的提高；等等。对世界：促进了亚太地区经济发展和共同繁荣；促进了世界的和平与发展；等等。（4分）
（4）三国同盟与三国协约。（2分）图一后果：两大军事集团的形成，使世界局势日益紧张，世界大战一触即发。图二：德、意、日三国轴心军事同盟形成，法西斯不断侵略扩张，二战的阴云逼近各国人民。（2分）
（5）合作促进共同发展，促进人类社会进步，反之阻碍各自发展，给人类带来灾难，影响社会进步和发展；国家间要加强合作，要维护世界和平与发展；中学生要树立正当的合作意识，积极主动地与他人进行正当合作；等等。（2分）
24.（1）独立战争，南北战争（美国内战）。（2分）美国独立战争结束了英国殖民统治，实现了民族的独立，确立了比较民主的资产阶级政治体制，有利于美国资本主义的发展。南北战争维护了国家统一，废除了奴隶制度，扫清了资本主义发展的又一障碍，为以后经济迅速发展创造了条件。（2分）
（2）第二次工业革命的推动。（1分）
（3）1929—1933年经济危机的发生。（1分）措施：实施罗斯福新政，加强国家对经济的干预和指导。（1分）意义：使美国经济得到恢复和发展，资本主义制度得到改善、巩固和发展。（2分）
（4）日本。（1分）实行了明治维新。（1分）明治维新使日本从一个闭关锁国的封建国家，逐渐转变为资本主义国家，摆脱了沦为半殖民地国家的命运，是日本历史的重大转折。（2分）
（5）说明了日本重视科技教育的发展，科技教育的发展促进了日本的腾飞。（1分）
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