商务英语写作范文大汇总（精选8篇）
May I have your attention, please? I have something important to tell you.I have got an announcement to make.I am told that a speech contest will be held at the “English Corner” this summer vacation.I‟m glad to have the honor to tell you some activities you‟re going to have today.The party is a good chance for us to practise our English.Everyone is welcome to attend the party.Please bring along your pens and notebooks.All the students are requested to attend the celebration of the Teachers‟ Day to be held in the
Grand Hall in the Main Building at 6:30 this evening, Don‟t miss the chance.Please get there on time.Please get everything ready.Don‟t be late.That‟s all.Thank you.A professor from Beijing University will give us a lecture on pollution.In the school hall at 8:00 tomorrow morning.There will be a lecture on pollution given by Professor Wang from Beijing University.It will last from half past two to four o‟clock.Please sign your name at the Service Desk before 9:00 a.m.Lunch will be served at the place of visit.(在参观的地方供应午餐)
After the report, we‟ll have a discussion.There will be a close basketball match between Class One and Class Two.Please be there on time and give your opinion at the meeting.It would give us great pleasure to invite you to give us a talk in our school.Will you accept our invitation?(欢迎词)I‟m greatly honored to extend, on behalf of all the teachers and students , our warm welcome to Professor David.I‟m sure Professor David‟s visit will promote the friendly relationship between our two departments.All of us will benefit a lot from their visit.I‟m sure he‟ll give us much valuable advice in our research.Finally I hope Professor David will enjoy his stay in China.（欢送词）I have the honor to speak on behalf of my classmates at this farewell party for Mrs.Smith.Mrs.Smith came to our school from America in September, 1999.In the past four years, she‟s always been kind to us, patient with us and strict in her work.She gave
such interesting and lively classes that every one of us enjoyed them very much.Mrs.Smith.is leaving us for her hometown soon.Now please allow me to express our hearty thanks to her successful work and wish her good health and a pleasant journey.How time flies!Two years have passed since Mr.Smith came to teach us English.When you return to your country, we all hope you will keep in touch with us.Thank you for giving us such a warm welcome.（告别词）First of all, allow me to thank all of you for your kind invitation.I‟m greatly honored to have such a chance to visit your university.My visit is both interesting and memorable.I‟m glad to say I gained a lot from my visit.I‟ll treasure your friendship.I‟d like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my pleasure and my greatest gratitude to you again.May our friendship last forever!Thank you!招聘求职
Friendship Travel Service looking for travel guides, aged between 20~35, height 165mm(female), 175mm(male);good at spoken English and Putonghua, with a good knowledge of Chinese history, geography and culture.I have just read in the newspaper that a secretary is wanted in your company.I‟d like to get the job.I want to offer myself for the position.I had the pleasure of seeing your advertisement in the newspaper.Having known that your company needs a typist, I wish to apply for the job/position.It really attracted me because I‟ m looking for a part-time job during my university vacation to pay for next term‟s tuition.Having read your ad in the newspaper, I feel I am fit for the job.Given the job, I‟m sure to make a good guide.If I am accepted, I will do my best to do the job well.If I can take the position, I‟ll be thankful to you for your kindness.注意事项/制度规则
Don‟t touch the machines without permission.Always do as you‟re told to.When you leave the room, remember to turn off the machine and leave the lab one by one.Show your identity card when your turn comes.You may borrow no more than three books each time.You can keep them for 5 days and you may renew them if you can‟t finish them on time.Pay the cost price for any damage done to the books or magazines.Obey the rules of the library.You are forbidden to smoke or to make a loud noise.People along the sea shore must make full preparation for the hurricane.Pay attention to the gas, the fire and water as well as the falling trees and telephone poles.请假/便条
I came to see you but you happened to be out.Since you‟re out, I have to leave this note with you.Don‟t forget to take some food with you for lunch.If you want to take photos there you can take a camera with you.Please telephone our teacher if you don‟t want to go along.I‟ll expecting you at 3:10 at our school gate.I‟m writing to you to ask a sick leave.I ask you for sick leave of three days.I‟m sorry that I can‟t go to school, so I want to ask for two days of sick leave.I wonder if you could give me your permission.Your kind permission will be greatly appreciated.I‟ll go back to school as soon as I am well enough.And I‟ll do my best to make up for the missing lessons during my absence.Tomorrow‟s meeting will be put off to Friday.The flight to Beijing will be delayed for five hours.Now we have to change some of our plans.I have to meet my wife at the airport at 3 p.m.today.You are requested to ring him up this evening any time from 8:00 to 11:00.书信往来
I‟ll appreciate it if you can tell me something about your school.In your letter you asked me for some advice in how to improve your spoken English.I was so pleased to receive your letter and I am writing to tell you …
It‟ very kind of you to write to me.I‟m getting on well with my classmates.I have some difficulty in learning English.I can‟t tell the difference between written English and spoken English.Would you please give me some advice? Dear Editor，I‟d like to tell you something about the trouble I was facing in buying furniture.The other day I ordered a set of furniture at a furniture exhibition.They sent me the furniture after four weeks.But I found the color and the size of some pieces were not what I had ordered.What‟s more, one leg of the desk was broken.So I asked them to take back the furniture and give me back the money, but they refused.I wrote to the director of the factory but there was no answer.I hope you will publish my letter in the newspaper and help me solve the problem.Yours sincerely, Li Gang
I‟ll take Flight CA984 to fly to New York on July 27th.The plane takes off at 11:20 in the morning from Beijing Airport.Will you please send my notebook to me at the address given above?
How are you doing these days?
How are you getting along with your studies? I‟m glad to know you are coming to China.When you arrive, I‟ll go to the airport to meet you.It‟s very kind of you to invite me to have a picnic, but I‟m terribly sorry that I‟m not able to accept your kind invitation.I‟m writing with delight to congratulate you on your invention.Hearty congratulations!
My you live a long and joyful life!
Many happy returns of the day!(祝您生日快乐!或敬祝佳节)
I‟m eager to hear from you.I am looking forward to hearing from /seeing you.Please give /send my best regards to your parents.Please remember me to your parents.Let‟s write to each other and be good pen-friends.Yours sincerely, Yours ever,(With)Best wishes(to you).Good luck to you!
英语书面表达分类模句 议论文
规劝恶习、见解评说
Different people have got different attitudes towards failure.Different people have different opinions about smoking.Opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fee.On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged.There are always two aspects(方面)to any situation.Everything lives with opposite forces.The same can be said about modern technology, such as Internet.Some(foolish)people seem to think/believe/hold the view that smoking is an enjoyment.But in fact, smoking does great harm to people‟s health.We must try to persuade people to give up smoking.It is investigated that 30% of the computers are used to play games.According to a recent investigation, ……
Playing games on computers can be a waste of time.It‟s been proved that early rising can make people full of energy.Early rising helps to keep fit.As the English proverb says, “Early to bed and early to rise, make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” Experts suggest that people should have regular sports every day.Study shows that cigarette smoking can cause cancers.In addition to health problems, there are other reasons to give up smoking.From the above, I come to the conclusion that
smoking does great harm to our health.From now on, we ought to break away from the bad habit and form a good one.Millions of smokers die from illness caused by smoking tobacco.My suggestions are as follows.As future builders of our country, we should make full use of our
Try to work hard ,and do things to benefit our country.As we all know, spending too much time on TV may have bad effects on our work and health, especially on our eyes.Therefore, we should be aware of(注意)when to watch, how to watch, and what to watch.There are many ways of keeping good health.Nowadays, taxies bring people a lot of convenience, but also cause a lot of trouble.Regulations should be laid down for taxi drivers.(应该专门为出租车司机指定交通规则)
Now more and more students are getting near-sighted in schools，because they have paid little attention to the care of their eyes.环境保护/生态平衡
As we know, pollution does great harm to human beings.It is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities.Rubbish should be treated properly.With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced.Now more and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.Laws have been passed to protect our environment.A large quantity of trees should be planted.We must make good use of water and avoid polluting it.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.Something must be done to prevent factories from polluting the air.In my opinion, the best solution to this problem is to carry out the system of praise and punishment firmly.It is glorious to take care of the environments while it is shameful to pollute them.It is generally agreed that civilized people should love and protect wild animals.Thus more effective measures should be taken immediately to protect wild animals.Only by this means can we stop the air from being polluted.Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.To protect ourselves, we must keep the balance of nature.We should take good care of the forest and plant more trees instead of cutting down so as to improve our living conditions.人生信条、人口人权
We should make full use of our time to do useful things.We should form the good habit of saving time.Do not put off what can be done today until tomorrow.It is a pity that some people do not know the importance of time.They do not realize that wasting time is equal to wasting a part of their valuable life.Do not put off what can be done today until tomorrow.Women shouldn‟t be looked down upon.There‟s nothing that women can‟t do.Women hold half of the sky.Sometimes women are better at their work than men.The day will come soon when women can really enjoy equal rights.It is high time we practised birth control.In my opinion, there is no relation between the so-called lucky number and luck.The only key to success or wealth lies in hard work.We should believe in our own efforts to struggle for success.It‟s very convenient for the people who have their own cars to go to work or to take their children to school.But a lot of problems are coming out.We should learn anything valuable from all nations in the world.Apart from the advanced science and technology, we should learn that Americans love freedom and independence.It is easy to imitate Americans but difficult to learn the secrets of their success.If the rest of the world also had fair ownership of land like China, there would be no starvation.There is a long way to go to build China into a most powerful country.The only key to success or wealth lies in hard work.The reason for their success is that they knew how to study by themselves.As a proverb says, “Opportunities are only for the prepared minds.”
As the old saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.”
We must always remember the old saying that where there is a will, there is a way.Unfortunately, most people do not seem to realize how much inner strength and ability they have.If they really have the desire and the ambition, nothing is impossible.Every man knows that money is powerful and important in everyday life.But I don‟t think that money is/means everything.It goes without saying(毫无疑问)that money can do many things.As the old saying goes, “Good health is the best wealth.”
There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness.But there are exceptions when wealth does not go hand in hand with happiness.People can not live without health but can without wealth.Only when wealth is acquired by means of honest labor and spent for the benefit of not only oneself but also his people and country, can it bring happiness.英语书面表达分类模句
MODEL SENTENCES FOR ENGLISH WRITING 叙事类
外出活动、欣赏美景(日记)
We decided to go out for a picnic.I had a pleasant outing with some of my classmates today.Early in the morning, we set off for the farm for a visit.When we reached the farm, we were given a warm welcome.They showed us around the farm(We were shown around the farm), where we saw many kinds of plants.We caught sight of a stream with green grass and beautiful flowers on both sides.We were completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.(我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了)
We jumped and shouted like innocent(天真的)children.Once on the top of the hill/The moment we got to the top of the hill, we were deeply struck/attracted by the beautiful scenery.How we enjoyed the beautiful views from the top!After being divided into groups, we set to work at once.Some of us were getting water, some(were)cutting the meat and vegetables, and others(were)sitting on the grass enjoying music.Birds were singing sweetly in the trees and butterflies were dancing gracefully in the garden/fields.When lunch time came, we sat on the grassland, eating and drinking happily.The meal was so delicious that we enjoyed it very much.We sang and danced together to the music.Three hours had passed before we knew it.The time passed quickly before we knew it.It was time for us to go back when the sun started to go down.I spent the whole afternoon with our cousins, enjoying the fine scenery and fresh air in the country.At about four o‟clock in the afternoon, we said goodbye to them
At four o‟clock in the afternoon we had to return.They came out to see us until we disappeared in the distance.On the way back, we were laughing and talking all the time.What a wonderful weekend we had!We enjoyed ourselves very much.Through these out-of class activities we can learn a lot of things that can‟t be learned in class.Although we were tired, we felt very happy.I think it‟s our duty to cover our country with green.意外事故、天灾人祸
I was walking along the street when a terrible accident happened in the street.One day something unpleasant happened.The girl fell off her bike and was badly hurt.Fortunately, the injured people were sent to hospital without delay.An elderly man was hit by a car while he was crossing the road.He fell down to the ground with a cry.The girl was too frightened to move.It was soon found out that the driver had drunk too much wine before driving.The accident delayed all the traffic for an hour and caused the damage of $80,000 Lots of people lost their lives in the floods.The big floods, which occurred in 1998, caused great losses.A big fire broke out in an office building in a busy street.The cause of the fire has been unknown.It is being investigated.The fire lasted about two hours and was finally put out in the afternoon.As a result, the three-storied building was destroyed, 50 people were killed, and more than 200 were injured.Up to the present, the cause of the accident is still unknown.助人为乐、舍己救人
Without thinking about her own safety, she rushed out and pulled him back.He hurried to school, reaching the schoolyard quite
out of breath.She told the teacher what had happened to her on the way to school.The blind man was out of danger, but she lost her life./got injured.He was praised for what he had done.She offered us some gifts, but we refused to accept them.They all thanked him for his help.Wondering what to do, Tom saw a policeman.We hurried to the policeman for help.With the help of the policeman, we found the owner of the bag.A clever idea came to his mind.Then he put his idea into practice.I left the hospital without giving my name.This may be the most unforgettable experience of my life.He felt happy because he had done a good deed.It was not until then that I really understood the meaning of the proverb:
“ Helping others is the source of happiness.” He will always be remembered as a hero.人物写照、生平事迹
He was from a poor peasant‟s family.He is about 1.72 meters in height
By the age of 14, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.She is already in her fifties, but she looks younger for her age.He is short and thin with a pair of thick glasses.She is tall and slim with big dark eyes and black hair.My English teacher, Miss Zhang, is a middle-aged woman.She often helps those who have difficulty in doing their homework.With her help, I have caught up with my classmates.At the age of eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province.A few years later, he won a gold medal at the 11th Asian Games and became a world Champion.He has his own way of teaching.He has much knowledge and good at teaching.All these years he has been working hard.Many times he has been praised for his excellent work.He gets on very well with us students.He is not only our good teacher but also our good friend.He is honest and always ready to help others.That‟s why we made him monitor.We all considered her pronunciation to be the best of all.He is a worthy person for us to learn from.He graduated from Qinghua University in 1982.An American company wanted to employ him with high pay, but he refused.He received a doctor‟s degree in 1988.He is strict with us and careful in his work.He won the first prize in the physics contest.He devoted all his life to education.He is loved and respected by us all.She is considered as one of the best teachers year by year.With his help, we have made great progress in our studies.He will always be remembered as a great leader, a wise and warm-hearted man.He is regarded as a fighter by most of the people in the world.Miss Zhang is such a good teacher that we all love her very much.Such was Elbert Einstein, a man of great achievements.英语书面表达分类模句
说明文 产品广告
This kind of computer is of good quality.The Red Star Camera is a new kind of camera produced by Beijing Camera Factory, which has modern equipment and lots of senior experts.The Red Star Camera containing much top and new technique is famous for its excellent quality and reasonable price.All the common families can afford to buy one.It controls mostly by itself, so it is very easy to operate.It is convenient to carry, for it is small and light.Once you have one of this kind, you„ll enjoy it very much.Now Red Star Camera sell well in our shop and we have a plenty of them.Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our shop to buy the cameras!今昔变化对比
My hometown used to be a beautiful place, with thick trees and green grass everywhere.It is the best place that I have ever visited.In the past, children couldn‟t go to school because of poverty(贫穷).Great changes have taken place in the past ten(few)years.Our hometown has taken on a new look.Our village is not what it used to be.Thick trees and green grass can be seen everywhere.Now the Chinese family has changed a great deal.It is known to us all that the living standard of the Chinese people has greatly improved.Nowadays, tall buildings have taken the place of old sheds.Now our school is covered with green grass and fresh flowers, which makes the whole school a good place to study in.地域地貌
China is a large country with a long history and much population.Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province, lies in the middle of China.It has an area of 160,000 square kilometers with a population of over 90 million.It is rich in natural sources such as coal and gold.The weather is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.方位指路、图表说明
Our school is located at the foot of a green hill.In front of the school is a beautiful garden with a library on its left and a laboratory on its right.Behind the garden is the classroom building.At the back of the school are the students‟ dormitory and the dinning-hall, in front of which lies the large sports field.The teacher‟s dormitory stands between A and B.It is not very difficult to find your way from the Friendship Hotel to the station.When you get out of the hotel, turn left and walk down the street until you see the traffic lights.Turn right at the third crossing/turning, and you will see a post office at the corner.The museum is next/opposite to it.Go straight ahead until you get to the end of the street.Please get across the bridge and go eastward.No.25 Bus will take you right there.It will take you about 10 minutes to get there.It‟s about 10 minutes‟ walk /ride from here.The flat is made up of six rooms.When you go in , you‟ll first see a large hall with a kitchen and a bathroom.The door on your left leads you to our living-room.Next to the door against the wall there is a sofa, in which we sit to watch TV every evening.On the opposite side stands a color TV set.On your left lies a set of bookcases, with all kinds of books in it.As can be seen from the chart, …
From the chart/picture/table we can see(The chart shows)that the world population is increasing rapidly.常用过渡词语
一、高考范文的收集与选取
高考英语书面表达范文作为一种规范的写作文本,可以为高中英语写作教学在词块、句型、语篇三个方面提供丰富有效的输入,提高学生大脑中英文信息输入的质与量,增强语言输入的有效性。笔者在高三英语教学中注意选取一定数量的历年高考书面表达范文,从中提取高频词汇、各类句式及不同题材的篇章, 经过整理分类后作为过程写作教学法的基本素材,课堂上以小组合作学习的教学方式示范写作教学全过程,优化高考复习英语写作教学。
二、小组合作学习的理论依据
合作学习理论倡导在教学过程中树立以学生为中心的教育理念,倡导学生在学习过程中的交互作用。基于这种理论,笔者在高中英语教学中尝试开展了小组合作写作。通过合作写作,小组成员在写作训练中的实际表现得到及时的反馈和更正,减少传统英语课堂教学中的更正给学生带来的压力和紧张心理,激发学生学习英语写作的兴趣。学生不仅能较快地掌握必要的写作技巧,学会从多角度思考对某一件事件或论点的表述,而且在汲取丰富的英语语言文化营养的同时,每个成员都得到均等的学习机会和发展空间,提高英语写作能力。
三、合作学习小组的组建原则
合理分组是小组合作写作的前提, 基本原则是“组内异质,组间同质,相对固定”。笔者根据学生英语学习的特点和具体写作的主题,对班级学生进行分组,将不同英语程度、能力和兴趣的四个或六个学生分配到同一个小组,好、中、差三种程度的学生通力合作,程度好的学生在合作写作中组织讨论、带动其他同学参与讨论,中等程度的学生积极参与讨论,程度较差的学生则在合作写作中获得实际的帮助和指导, 从而增强学习的信心,并且每组民主推荐一名组织能力强、学习基础好的学生担任组长。
四、“范文指导—小组合作” 教学模式在高三英语写作教学中的实施
现以2013年新课标全国卷书面表达试题为例,谈谈“范文指导—小组合作”学习策略在高三英语写作教学中的实施,具体步骤如下:
(一)阅读范文 ,分析文章结构 ,明确写作要点。多媒体展示2013年新课标全国卷的书面表达试题范文,学生认真阅读。
Dear Tom,
How are you doing?I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me.I made them myself with red silk threads,cloth and other materials.They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond,about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide .In China these knots stand for friendship,love and good luck.People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses.They are only 12.99 US dollars each.If anyone wants to know more about the knots,let them write to me.Also,do let me know if you need further information.Thank you!
Li Hua
根据汉语提示归纳出如下写作要点:(1)物品名称———中国结。 (2)请对方代卖。 (3)中国结外观描述。 (4)中国结象征意义。 (5)中国结价格区域。 (6)自己的期待。
(二 )分组讨论 ,列出文章重点词组的表达方式及句式模版。文章的结构列出之后,就该确定文章重点词组的表达方式了。在时间紧张、无法全篇拟出草稿时,可以先列出重点词组的表达方式,然后开始写作。这样可以防止在写作过程中落下要点。各小组在讨论后确定以下语篇布局与高级词汇,以及可能使用的句式模板:
第一段:第1句:已给出句子。第2句:if引导宾语从句。第3句:过去分词短语作后置定语。第4句:in the shape of ...。第5句:现在分词短语或非限制性定语从句。第6句:with结构。第7句:被动语态。第7句:总结插入语,限制性定语从句。
第二段:第8句:递进插入语,形容词比较等级。第9句:动词不定式或条件从 句。第10句 :look forward to和need further information。
最后一段:客套语。
结尾:已给出信息语。
(三)学生个体独立完成作文。小组完成讨论后,每个小组成员可以根据自己的兴趣和个人见解, 选取小组讨论所得成果的部分要点,运用自己的语言,独立完成自己的作文。教师可以在学生写作过程中进行班级巡视,个别指点,帮助程度较弱的学生。最好规定完成作文的时间, 刚开始进行写作训练时,可以给学生15分钟,以后逐渐减少到12分钟或10分钟(因为上个环节中已经通过小组合作, 集体讨论完成了审题的过程)。只有在平时加强限时写作训练,学生才能在考试中用较短的时间写出高水平的文章。
(四 )小组内互相批改。小组成员首先互相阅读其他成员的作文,然后小组内部自行确定互相分析和批改两篇作文。在阅读和批改其他成员的作文时,学生会比自己写作时更理性,更容易发现别人写作中的错误与问题。在这一过程中,学生学会分析,开阔思路,提高逻辑思维能力,同时学会反思,并会用批判的眼光重新审视自己的作文, 避免以后再犯别人出现过的错误。通过互相批改,学生看到自己和他人的差距,在他人的文章中看到自己的错误会给他们更强的刺激, 有助于他们改正错误。给同学的作文打分并写出简要的评语能培养学生的鉴赏能力,因为只有学会欣赏好文章,学生才能看到自己的文章和好文章的差距,才能提高写作水平。在这个过程中,教师可以把高考中书面表达的评分细则印发给学生, 使他们有据可依,同时对照自己的习作,清楚自己的弱点在哪里,互相批改后,每个小组选出一篇最好的习作,再在各组之间交流或在班级中交流。
(五 )教师查阅和总结。教师对作文的批改能激发学生写作的欲望和兴趣,同时督促学生认真对待写作任务。教师可以抽查或小组推荐的方式了解学生的总体情况, 针对普遍存在的问题,及时在课堂上做出总结。此外,还应对进步较快的小组给予表扬和奖励,对进步较慢的小组给予指导和帮助。如本次作文经过各组讨论, 得出写作此类文章时要注意的几个问题:最好套用一定的文章结构(三段论式的书信类文章);注意段落之间的连贯流畅和前后呼应(过渡词、衔接词的使用);根据自己实际的英语水平,选择自己有把握的表达方式(表达正确是第一位的)。就高考备考而言,要长期积累常规的表达素材、经典句式、高级词汇和巧妙的逻辑词,以突破现场直接表达的写作难关,根本无需猜题、押题,相反,那样的做法只能导致自己语言思维越来越僵硬化,写出的文章无血无肉,只是大量无用而累赘词汇堆砌罢了。
五、“范文指导—小组合作”英语写作教学模式的意义
(一 )有效解决写作与批阅的问题 ,保持学生的写作热情。目前,大多数学校依然是六七十人的大班额,且一般情况下一个老师都带着两个班,天天有课。因而教师在批阅作文时,难以顾及每个学生作文中的每个错误,而且作文篇幅长、篇数多,难以在短期内完成批改任务。然而,学生经过艰苦的写作过程后都渴望得到评价结果, 小组批改既能缓解老师的工作量,又能满足学生的心理需要,保持学生的写作热情。
(二 )有利于提高学生发现问题和避免错误的敏锐度。在宽松、自主的学习环境下,每个学生都能自主发言,并能大胆运用已有知识对其他同学的作文进行批阅和提出个人的修改意见。相互间的纠错避免了紧张羞涩的心理压力,同时提醒自己避免犯类似的错误。
(三 )通过阅读其他同学优秀的作文 , 学生可以欣赏到高于自己水平的范文,从中学习一些写作技巧,进而激发学好英语的兴趣。批改比自己差的作文可以增强他们的自信心,因而有利于向上的学习风气的形成;还能营造良好的课堂气氛,培养学生的学习主动性和人际交往能力。
(四 )有利于独立写作能力的培养。小组合作写作的最终目的在于能够使学生独立完成写作, 或者说合作写作只是写作训练过程中的一个过渡时期。经过一段时间的小组合作写作后,教师可以根据学生的程度有意识地、逐步地减少合作写作的步骤。如上文列出的五个步骤中有四个是合作完成的,教师可以将它减少到三个、两个甚至一个, 直至学生独立地审题、构思、完成作文。
六、结语
写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要方面, 更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。写作能力的培养是一个长期的过程,只有不断激发学生的写作欲望和热情,才能提高学生的写作水平。“范文指导—小组合作”英语写作教学模式能解决学生写作时思路狭窄、思想片面、无从下笔的问题,有利于打造学生乐意合作、想要合作的新型写作课堂,有效提高学生高考中书面表达的成绩。
摘要：小组合作学习是我国英语教学倡导的一种重要教学方式,采用“范文指导—小组合作”英语写作教学模式,尝试在高中英语教学中开展小组合作写作。通过阅读范文,分组讨论,独立写作,互相批改和总结问题五个环节完成合作写作,不仅能提高学生的英语写作能力,营造良好的课堂气氛,还能培养学生的学习主动性和人际交往能力,收到良好的效果。
【关键词】 高中英语写作 范文背诵 体裁写作法
【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2014）08-0121-01
1.引言
对高中英语来说，写作是十分重要的组成部分，因为写作是英语教学中最薄弱的一个环节，所以，写作教学一直是衡量教学质量重要标准，写作主要表现教学方法和评价机制方面，很多学生缺少写作策略、写作思路，语言基础知识也不够扎实。把范文背诵和体裁教学充分结合到一起可以让他们优势互补。
2.范文背诵法和体裁写作法之间的对比
2.1 范文背诵法的优点和缺点
背诵可以较好的提高学生的思维水平与思维能力，学生背诵英语范文过程中，对材料形成一种记忆，这种记忆是非常复杂的一个心理过程，背诵过程中会伴有各种类型思维活动发生。所以，背诵可以较好的促进学生熟悉各种类型文章的写作特征与写作风格，进而提升他们的思维能力。随着我国素质教育改革的不断深入，仅仅依靠单纯背诵已经很难满足学生需要，也有部分教师和家长开始反对这种死记硬背式的教学形式，他们渐渐注重学生创新意识的培养与思辨能力的提高，很多教育工作者认为范文背诵法束缚了学生的思想枷锁，教师在教学工作中一定要注意细致讲解，否则学生仅仅依靠灌输会使他们的写作主动性和积极性受到严重影响。
2.2 体裁写作法的优点和缺点
体裁写作法注重挖掘和表达内心思想及内容，可以便于学生熟悉掌握写作过程，由意识至写作是有一定创作意义的一个过程，这个过程可以较好的激发学生学习英语的主动性与积极性，提高学生自主意识，激起他们的合作能力与创新能力。然而，体裁写作法也有其不足之处，体裁写作法对语言输入不是非常注重，极易出现语言不够情况，初级写作期间，学生急于树立写作信心，进而严重影响写作质量。另外，体裁写作法耗用的课堂时间非常多，学生在利用体裁写作法写作前，教师一定要详细的对体裁写作进行讲解，高中阶段的教学课时一直较紧，如果不是长期对学生进行体裁写作法的专业培训，很难提高学生写作水平，因此，体裁写作法的实用性较低。
3.范文背诵法和体裁写作法的有效结合
3.1 将范文背诵法和体裁写作法有机结合到一起切实可行
经过分析可以制定，范文背诵法、体裁写作法都有其优点和不足之处，单纯的依靠某个方法都会有缺点存在。因为现在每个班级学生都很多，老师不能对每个学生都单独进行针对性指导，而体裁写作法耗用教学时间较长，高中学生时间都紧张，所以，要具体实施体裁写作法具有很大困难。所以，可以尝试将这两种方法有机结合到一起，教师在利用体裁写作法过程中，适当的把范文背诵法优点借鉴到一起，从而改进现有教学模式，帮助学生拓宽思路，使学生充分发挥想象空间。具体作法是每个教师可以按照具体班级特征和学生差异制定教学方式，制定教学方式前，教师需要接触学生，充分了解学生，清楚他们的学习态度，对学生遇到的各种困难，能够给予正确的指导，再结合实际情况，调整适合学生发展的教学方法，进而提高学生的英语写作质量。
3.2 将范文背诵法和体裁写作法结合到一起的相关注意事项
将范文背诵法和体裁写作法有机结合到一起过程中需要有项特别注意的地方：首先，要把写作教学和口语训练充分结合到一起。教师在开展高中英语教育教学工作中，许多口语训练均要使学生组成很多小组来共同完成，特别是一些英语对话，所以，教师要鼓励学生多进行口语方面的练习，然后再把口语练习和英文写作有效结合到一起，例如：当学生完成一些口语练习后，老师可以要求学生围绕对话的情境进行写作，完成写作以后，学生间互相欣赏评价并指出优缺点，进而提高学生进行英文写作的激情；其次，教师需要不断更新他们的教学理念。因为我国教育是应试教育，所以教师的教学工作很容易受到考试的影响，特别是高中教师教学工作，他们为了使学生应付高考，受应试理念影响非常严重，高中英语教师开展英语教学时，常常给学生安排一些范围来背诵，这种背诵范文法可以在较短时间里提升学生写作成绩，然而这也极易使学生写作作品千篇一律，过度重视考试也极易使学生产生逆反心理。所以，要把范围背诵法和体裁写作法有效结合起来，教师一定要转变他们的应试教育理念，树立全新的教学模式，正确看待和处理应试教育和写作教学的矛盾，从动态角度提高写作教学适应性。最后，善于运用多媒体使学生增强记忆能力与背诵能力。学生之所以要学习英语，根本目标是为了具有运用英语语言的实际能力，所以，和其他学科教学工作不同，英语教学具有显著文化特征，语言作为一种文化反映，它的学习必须建立在充分理解其文化的基础上，从某种程度上讲，因为文化背景差异问题，很多语言表达会有较大差别，要提高学生英语写作水平，提前深入了解英语文化，教师可以做到的就是利用多媒体使学生了解英语文化，较好的理解英语语言文化。教师在英语课堂上可以播放一些具有英美风情的音乐或者电影，使学生在轻松氛围里感受英美文化，另外，也可以在课堂播放英语教育专家讲座，校园广播播放英文歌曲等，提高学生和英语的亲密度，为学生创造良好的英语氛围，进而帮助学生提高学习英语和进行英语写作的兴趣，某方面讲，这也是丰富学生学习手段的一种方法。
4.结束语
背诵法和体裁写作法都能够提高高中学生写作水平，比较这两种写作方法，体裁写作法提升效果更加明显，它可以提高学生英语能力，利于学生更好的理解文章结构，特别是内容结构较为明显的文章。把背诵范文法和体裁写作法有机结合到一起可以节省课堂教学时间，利于学生进行情感体验，促进学生在不同方面理解课堂内容，进而使学生树立良好写作意识。所以，有必要在今后的高中教育教学工作中推广和适用范文背诵法和体裁写作法相结合的教学模式。
参考文献：
[1]刘欢.高中英语写作教学中范文背诵与体裁写作法的结合[J].高中生学习（师者）.2013（11）
[2]邢雷.范文背诵训练对提高学生英语写作能力的实验研究[D].广州大学2013
1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that„
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8.不可否认 It is undeniable that„/ There is no denying that„
9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人 „而另外一些人 „ Some people„ while others„
13.就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就„达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on„
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16.双方的论点 argument on both sides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in„
18.对„必不可少 be indispensable to „
19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20.„也不例外 „be no exception
21.对„产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on„
22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26.竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27.开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31.从另一个角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33.对„有益 be beneficial / conducive to„
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for„
36.综合素质 comprehensive quality
37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to„
40.应当承认 Admittedly,41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42.满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of„
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information
44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45.因特网 the Internet(一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)
46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.环保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion
53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55.理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice
56.„必然趋势 an irresistible trend of„
57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition
58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59.长远利益.interest in the long run
60.„有其自身的优缺点 „ has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。
63.对„有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65.跟上„的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …
66.采取有效措施来„ take effective measures to do sth
67.„的健康发展 the healthy development of „
68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。
No garden without weeds。
69.对„观点因人而异 Views on „vary from person to person。
70.重视 attach great importance to„
71.社会地位 social status
72.把时间和精力放在„上 focus time and energy on„
73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally
75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to„
76.提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal
77.可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden
79.优先考虑/发展„.give(top)priority to sth。
80.与„比较 compared with„/ in comparison with.81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary。
82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities
85.社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress
86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that„
87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
一.开头句型
1.As far as...is concerned
2.It goes without saying that...3.It can be said with certainty that...4.As the proverb says，5.It has to be noticed that...6.It`s generally recognized that...7.It`s likely that...8.It`s hardly that...9.It’s hardly too much to say that...10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...13.what’s far more important is that...二.衔接句型
A case in point is...As is often the case...As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述
But the problem is not so simple.Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以……But it’s a pity that...For all that...In spite of the fact that...Further, we hold opinion that...? However , the difficulty lies in...Similarly, we should pay attention to...? not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是
In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
? As has been mentioned above...? In this respect, we may as well(say)从这个角度上我们可以说
? However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即
三.结尾句型
I will conclude by saying...Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...All things considered,总而言之
It may be safely said that...Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
四.举例句型
Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明
let’s take the above chart as an example to
illustrate this.Here is one more example.Take … for example.The same is true of….This offers a typical instance of….We may quote a common example of….Just think of….五 常用于引言段的句型
1.Some people think that ….To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.2.For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.3.I believe the title statement is valid because….4.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….I believe….5.My argument for this view goes as follows.6.Along with the development of…, more and more….7.There is a long-running debate as to whether….8.It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….9.As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.10.Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.六 表示比较和对比的常用句型
和表达法
1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3.A and B differ in….4.A differs from B in….5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7.A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8.While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10.Both A and B ….However, A…;on the other hand, B….11.The most striking difference is that A…, while B….七 演绎法常用的句型
1． There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.2． There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.高考英语作文常用句型
3． Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.4． Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5． The reasons are as follows.八 因果推理法常用句型
首先，尤其重要的，最重要的 above all 2 偶然，无意中 by accident 3对(于)…很积极 be active in 4合计为
add up to 5承让错误 admit one’s mistake
6接受某人的建议 take / follow one’s advice 7就…提出建议 give advice on 8建议某人做某事 advice sb.to do sth.9后天 the day after tomorrow 10毕竟;终究 after all 11违心
against one’s will 12在…岁时 at the age of 13实现目标 achieve one’s aim 14在空中;悬而未决 in the air 15在户外，在露天里 in the open air 16在机场 at the airport 17火警
the fire alarm 18满腔怒火
be filled with anger 19因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth.20生某人的气
be angry with sb.21通知
make an announcement 22相继地，按顺序地 one after another 23相互，彼此(三者或三者以上之间)
one another 24相互(指两者之间)each other 25没有回答
give no answer 26为…而担心
be anxious about 27急于做某事
be anxious to do sth.28分开住
live apart 29除了
apart from 30因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth.31与某人争论某事
argue with sb.about sth.32放在一边 lay sth.aside 33请某人指点 / 帮助
ask sb.for advice / help 34惊讶于… be astonished at sth.35以前，曾经
at one time 36注意
pay attention to 37对…抱正确的态度
take a correct attitude towards sth.38引起(注意，兴趣等)attract one’s attention 39仰卧/仰泳 lie / swim on one’s back 40重感冒
a bad cold 41两件行李 two pieces of baggage 42保持/失去平衡 keep / lose one’s balance
43在舞会上 at the ball 44洗冷水澡 have / take a cold bath 45阵亡
be killed in battle 46在海滩
on the beach 47整理床铺 make the bed 48以…开始 begin with 49在…起始，开始
at the beginning of 50自始自终
from beginning to end 51形成…局面;产生 come into being 52安全带
a safety belt 53三思而后行。
Second thoughts are best.54尽力，尽最大的努力 do / try one’s best 55尽量利用，善用
make the best of 56一切顺利，万事如意 all the best 57黑体地，粗体地 in bold 58出身于农民家庭
be born in a peasant’s family 59鞠躬
make a bow 60动动脑子 use one’s brains 61打破纪录 break the record 62深吸一口气 take a deep breath 63屏息;憋住气 hold one’s breath 64上气不接下气 out of breath 65刷牙
brush one’s teeth 66突然哭起来 burst into tears 67突然一阵大笑 a burst of laughter 68要不是 but for 69呼救声 a call for help 70保持镇静(别慌)keep calm 71保持安静(别吵)keep quiet 72保持不动(别动)keep still 73保持沉默(别说话)keep silent 74夏令营 a summer camp 75去野营 go camping 76情不自禁… cannot help doing 77打牌 play cards 78照顾，保管 take care of 79医疗护理 medical care 80假若那样的话 in that case 81以防万一 in case 82下倾盆大雨 rain cats and dogs 83赶上(或超过)catch up with 84偶然 by chance 85免费 free of charge 86主管，在掌管之下 in charge
87由…负责 in the charge of 88掌管，负责 take charge 89高兴起来 cheer up 90童年时 in one’s childhood 91挑选，选择 make a choice 92圣诞节时 at Christmas 93去做礼拜 go to church 94烟头
cigarette end 95为…鼓掌 give sb.a clap 96接近get close to 97 一块桌布 a table cloth 98 一套衣服 a suit of clothes 99 童装 children’s clothing 100 集邮 collect stamps 101.产生，发生 come about 102.(偶然)遇见或发现 come across 103.走过来;长出，发芽，上升;抬头 come up 104.共同，共有 in common 105.参加比赛 compete in a contest 106.举办音乐会 give a concert 107.条件是 on condition that 108.祝贺某人 congratulate sb.on sth.109.相反地 on the contrary 110.失控 out of control 111.与…谈话;交谈 have a conversation with sb.112.在…期间/过程中 in / during the course of 113.被…覆盖 be covered with 114.因某事和某人发脾气 be cross with sb.at sth.115.划掉 cross out 116.对…残忍 be cruel to sb.117.立方米 cubic meter 118.对…感到好奇 be curious about sth.119.对…造成巨大损害 do great damage to 120.处境危险 in danger 121.过时 out of date 122.在不久前，前几天 the other day 123.对…充耳不闻 be deaf to sth.124.对付，应付 deal with 125.负债 in debt 126.还清债务 out of debt 127.相反地 on the contrary 128.失控 out of control 129.与…谈话;交谈 have a conversation with sb.130.在…期间/过程中 in / during the course of
131.被…覆盖 be covered with 132.因某事和某人发脾气 be cross with sb.at sth.133.划掉 cross out 134.对…残忍 be cruel to sb.135.立方米 cubic meter 136.对…感到好奇 be curious about sth.137.对…造成巨大损害 do great damage to 138.处境危险 in danger 139.过时 out of date 140.在不久前，前几天 the other day 141.对…充耳不闻 be deaf to sth.142.对付，应付 deal with 143.负债 in debt 144.还清债务 out of debt 145.做…有困难，难以… have difficulty in doing sth.146.应邀赴宴 be invited to dinner 147.向四面八方 in all directions 148.做出新的发现 make a new discovery 149.正在讨论中 under discussion 150.洗盘子 wash dishes 151.在远方，在远处 in the distance 152.对…冷淡 be distant toward sb.153.对…有益 do good to 154.做坏事，犯罪 do wrong 155.挨门挨户 from door to door 156.隔壁的 next door 157.下楼 go downstairs 158.到市区去 go downtown 159.缓慢前进，拖延 drag one’s feet
160.催人泪下 draw tears from sb.161.渴望做某事 dream of doing sth.162.在墙上钻孔 drill a hole in the wall 163.赶走 drive off 164.使某人发狂 drive sb.mad 165.挣钱 earn money 166.谋生 earn one’s living
167.究竟 on earth 168.别着急，别紧张，放松些 take it easy 169.对…有很大影响 have a great effect on 170.努力做某事 make efforts to do sth.171.鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb.to do sth.172.量入而出;使收支相抵 make ends meet 173.美满的结局 a happy ending 174.说英语的国家 English-speaking countries
175.报名比赛 enter oneself for a contest 176.剧场的入口 the entrance to the theater 177.在除夕 on New Year’s Eve
178.虽然，即使 even if / even though 179.时事 current events
180.参加考试 have / take an examination 181.进行体格检查 carry out a medical examination 182.考试及格 pass an examination 183.为…树立榜样 set an example to sb.184.做早操 do morning exercises 185.产生，成立 come into existence 186.摸某人的脉 feel one’s pulse
187.觉得想做… feel like doing sth.188.伤害某人的感情 hurt one’s feelings 189.春节 the Spring Festival 190.发高烧 have a high fever 191.科学领域 the field of science 192.五十多岁时 in one’s fifties
193.关键人物 a key figure 194.填写表格 fill in the form 195.刹那间 in a flash 196.一场大洪水 a big / great flood 197.扫地 sweep the floor 198.在三层 on the third floor 199.三层楼的建筑 a building of three storeys 200.正在开花 be in flowers 201.放(风筝等)fly a kite 202.糊里糊涂 in a fog 203.欺骗，愚弄某人 make a fool of sb.204.在山脚下 at the foot of the mountain 205.空军 the air force 206.靠武力，强行 by force 207.用很大力气 with great force 208.对外贸易 foreign trade 209.养成好习惯 form a good habit 210.碰碰运气 try one’s fortune
211.每四个一组(一批);四个四个地 in fours 212.常客 a frequent visitor 213.新手 a fresh hand 214.同…交朋友 make friends with 215.那时起 from then on 216.不时地，时常 from time to time 217.不劳而不获。No pains, no gains.218.做游戏 play games
219.代沟 generation gap
220.开始认真(做某事)get down to sth.221.陷入麻烦 get into trouble
222.有音乐天分 have a gift for music
223.用尽，耗尽，筋疲力尽 give out
224.朝…看了一眼 take a glance at
225.向人瞪眼，怒目而视 glare at
226.(灯，火)熄灭 go out
227.复习功课 go over the lesson
228.进了一个球 score a goal
229.犯语法错误 make mistakes in grammar
230.懂某人的意思 grasp one’s meaning
231.勿踏草地 keep off the grass
232.养成…的习惯 get into the habit of
233.用手 by hand
234.分发 hand out
235.一方面…另一方面… on the one hand…on the other hand
236.少量的 a handful of
237.过幸福生活 live a happy life
238.损害，伤害 do harm to
239.一个好收成 a good harvest
240.保持镇静 keep one’s head
241.身体好 in good health
242.记住某事 learn / know sth.by heart
243.紧握某物 keep a tight hold on sth.244.握住;抓住 catch / take / get hold of
245.趾高气扬 hold one’s head high
246.暑假 the summer holidays
247.休假 on holiday
248.为(向)… 表示敬意;为了纪念… in honour of
249.对某人抱很大希望 have high hope for sb.250.怀着…的希望 in the hope of doing sth.251.住院 be in hospital
252.大约一小时 an hour or so
253.挨饿 go hungry
254.打猎 go hunting
255.匆匆忙忙 in a hurry
256.不知道 have no idea
257.但愿，要是…就好了 if only
258.给某人留下好印象 make a good impression on sb.259.慢慢前进 inch one’s way forward
260.患难之交才是真朋友。A friend in need is a friend indeed.261.告诉某人某事 inform sb of sth 262.坚持要做 insist on doing
263.视察工厂 inspect a factory 264.激动人心的演讲 an inspiring speech 265.急需帮助 in instant need of help 266.打断谈话 interrupt a conversation 267.介绍信 a letter of introduction 268.收到请帖 receive an invitation 269.邀请信 a letter of invitation 270.讲笑话 tell a joke 271.和某人开玩笑 play a joke with sb.272.旅行 make a journey 273.使某人高兴的是 to one’s joy
274.不可以貌取人 Don’t judge a man by his looks.275.初中 a junior high school 276.正在那时 just then 277.与…保持联系 keep in touch with 278.使…不进入… keep out of 279.成功的秘诀 the key to success 280.踢门 kick the door 281.踢掉鞋子 kick off one’s shoes 282.跪下 go down / fall on one’s knees 283.敲门 knock at the door 284.最迟，至迟 at the latest 285.迟早 sooner or later 286.哈哈大笑起来 burst into laughter 287.违(守)法 break / obey the law 288.制定一条法律 make a law 289.摆设餐具(准备吃饭)lay the table 290.过着简朴的生活 lead a simple life 291.忽略，遗漏 leave out 292.听关于…的讲座 attend a lecture on 293.给某人一个教训 teach sb.a lesson 294.从…在中吸取教训 take a lesson from 295.惊讶地叫了一声 let out a cry of surprise 296.透漏消息 let out the news 297.大写字母 a capital letter 298.仰卧 / 俯卧 lie on one’s back / stomach 299.复活，苏醒过来 come back to life 300.交通信号灯 traffic lights 301.列一张购物清单 make a shopping list 302.谋生，度日 make a living 303.丧生，死;牺牲 lose one’s life 304.泄气;灰心 lose heart 305.失音 lose one’s voice 306.输一场 lose a game
307.祝你好运 Wish you good luck.308.洗衣机 a washing machine 309.欣喜若狂 be mad with joy 310.邮寄包裹 send the parcel by mail 311.赚钱 make money 312.交朋友 make friends 313.取得进步 make progress 314.利用 make use of 315.编造故事 make up a story 316.弥补某人的过失 make up for one’s mistake 317.有礼貌 have good manners 318.商标 a trade mark 319.满分 full marks 320.观看一场篮球比赛 watch a basketball match 321.进行比赛 have a match 322.祝你成功。May you success.323.五一节 May Day 324.通过这种方式 by this means 325.用…方法，依靠 by means of 326.决不 by no means 327.按…尺寸做 make…to one’s measure 328.采取措施 take a measure 329.量身高 measure one’s height 330.获得金牌 get a gold medal 331.医疗队 a medical team 332.体检 medical examination 333.吃药 take / have some medicine 334.满足…的需要 meet the needs of 335.遇到风暴 meet with a storm 336.去开会 go to a meeting 337.开会 have a meeting 338.举行会议 hold a meeting 339.为纪念 in memory of 340.对…一点儿也不怜悯 have no mercy on sb.341.毫不容情地;残忍地 without mercy 342.在…支配下;任由…摆布 at the mercy of 343.给某人捎个信儿 take a message for sb.344.中秋节 Mid-autumn Day 345.上百万的，许许多多的 millions of 346.改变主意 change one’s mind
347.当心油漆未干。Mind the wet paint!348.下决心 make up one’s mind
349.外交部长 the minister of foreign affairs 350.错过机会 miss an opportunity
351.犯错误 make a mistake 352.由疏忽所致 by mistake 353.现代 in modern times 354.零钱 small money 355.某人身上没(带)钱 have no money with sb.356.选某人为班长 make sb.monitor 357.某一天清早 on the early morning 358.在山顶上 at the top of the mountain 359.参加海军 join the navy 360.如果有必要的话 if necessary 361.需要帮助 in need of help 362.呈现一片新面貌 take on a new look 363.打某人的鼻子 hit sb.on the nose 364.做笔记 make / take notes 365.与…无关 have nothing to do with 366.张贴通知 put up a notice 367.对某人毫不在意 pay no notice to sb.368.运转着，实施中 be in operation 369.订购某物 place an order for sth.370.失业了 out of work 371.一副眼镜 a pair of glasses 372.颐和园 the Summer Palace 373.此处禁止停车!No parking here!374.在…方面起积极作用 take an active part in 375.在过去的几天里 in the past few days 376.对某人有耐心 be patient with sb.377.熟能生巧。Practice makes perfect.378.演出，表演 put on performances 379.亲自，当面 in person 380.给某人照相 take a photo of sb.381.弹钢琴 play the piano 382.摘花 pick flowers 383.捡钱包 pick up a wallet 384.去野餐 go out for a picnic 385.一堆书 a pile of books 386.可怜某人(因同情而帮助某人)have / take pity on sb.387.出于同情 out of pity 388.代替 in place of 389.坐某人的座位，代替某人的职务 take one’s place 390.举行，发生 take place 391.代替，代理 take the place of 392.订计划 make a plan 393.玩牌 play cards 394.对某人开一个玩笑 play a joke on sb.395.与…一起玩 play with sb.396.在操场上 on the playground 397.对…感到满意 be pleased with 398.喜欢做某事 take pleasure in doing sth.399.生活富裕 live in plenty
400.正要…的时候 on the point of 401.对某人有礼貌 be polite to sb.402.受某人喜爱 be popular with sb.403.占有，拥有 take possession of 404.发电站 power station 405.当权，执政 take power 406.因为某事赞扬某人 praise sb.for sth.407.赞扬 in praise of 408.出席会议 be present at a meeting 409.眼下 at present 410.互赠礼物 exchange presents 411.在压力下 under pressure 412.防止某人做某事 prevent sb.from doing 413.以…为代价 at the price of 414.无论花多少代价(不惜任何代价)at any price 415.以…为自豪;对…感到得意 take pride in 416.小学 primary school 417.入狱，被监禁 go to prison 418.在狱中服刑 be in prison 419.将某人送进监狱 throw / put sb.into prison 420.越狱 escape from prison 421.解决问题 solve the problem 422.回答问题 answer the question 423.遵守诺言 keep one’s promise
424.答应，许下诺言 make a promise 425.以…自豪 be proud of 426.养家糊口 provide food and clothes for one’s family
427.公共事务 public affairs 428.舆论 public opinion 429.当众，公开 in public 430.出版社 publishing house 431.故意地 on purpose 432.把…推到一边 push aside 433.推倒，(风)刮倒 push over 434.拖延，推迟 put off 435.不可能 out of the question 436.接力赛 a relay race 437.通过无线电广播 on the radio 438.衣衫褴褛，穿破衣服 in rags
439.在火车站 at the railway station 440.小(大)雨 light / heavy rain 441.一线希望 a ray of hope 442.伸手去拿 reach for sth.443.够不着 out of ones’ reach 444.乐意干某事 be ready to do 445.事实上 in reality 446.实现希望 realize one’s hope 447.为此，为此理由 for this reason 448.接待处 reception desk 449.参考;谈到 refer to 450.留在某人的记忆中 remain in one’s memory 451.提醒某人做某事 remind sb.to do sth.452.使某人想起 remind sb.of sth.453.应…请求 by request 454.因此，结果 as a result 455.盛产;有大量的… be rich in 456.除掉 get rid of 457.抢走某人某物 rob sb.of sth.458.起重要作用 play an important role 459.扮演…的角色 play the role of 460.给…腾出地方 make room for 461.对某人无礼 be rude to sb.462.用完 run out of 463.高峰时间，拥挤时间 rush hour 464.满足某人的需要 satisfy one’s needs 465.节省体力 save one’s strength 466.也就是说 that is to say 467.为某事责备某人 scold sb.for sth.468.就座，坐下 take one’s seat
469.不让人知道某事，保密 keep sth.a secret 470.抓住小偷的衣领 seize a thief by the collar 471.与某人握手 shake hands with sb.472.店员;营业员 shop assistant 473.领某人出去/进来 show sb.out / in 474.炫耀 show off 475.对岸;在…另一面 on the other side of 476.支持某人(方)take the side of 477.站在…一边 take sides in 478.看不见 lose sight of 479.看到，发现 catch sight out 480.看不见 out of sight 481.静静地 in silence 482.和…类似的 be similar to
483.单程票 single ticket 484.量…的大小(尺寸)take the size of 485.偷偷塞给某人一张纸条 486.slip a note into one’s hand
487.在雪地上滑倒 slip on the snow 488.克服困难 smooth away difficulties 489.大约 or so 490.与…有关系 have something to do with 491.国歌 the national song 492.大胆地说，清楚并响亮地说 speak out 493.发言，演讲 make a speech 494.以…的速度 at a speed of 495.平方公里 square kilometers 496.代表，象征 stand for 497.饿死 starve to death 498.处于良好状态 in a good state 499.逐步地，一步一步地 step by step 500.遵守诺言 stick to one’s word / promise 501.趴在地上 lie on one’s stomach
502.四层楼的住宅 a house of four storeys 503.赶上风暴 be caught in the storm 504.对…要求严格 be strict with sb.in sth.505.擦火柴 strike a match 506.挣扎着起来 struggle to one’s feet 507.仔细研究 make a study of 508.突然，冷不防 all of a sudden 509.暑假 summer holidays 510.向某人供应/提供 supply sb.with sth.511.使某人惊奇的是 to one’s surprise 512.擦脸上的汗 sweat off one’s face 513.坐下吃饭 sit down to table 514.纳税 pay one’s taxes 515.沏茶 make tea 516.用望远镜 through a telescope 517.讲故事 tell a story 518.辨别，分清 tell one from the other 519.量体温 take one’s temperature 520.数以万计 tens of thousands of 521.被…吓了一跳 be terrified at 522.因某事感谢某人 be thankful to sb.for sth.523.扔掉 throw away 524.吐出(食物)，呕吐 throw up 525.立刻，很快 in no time 526.交通堵塞 traffic jam
527.跟某人开玩笑，欺骗某人 play a trick on sb.528.处于困境(苦恼)中 be in trouble 529.一条裤子 a pair of trousers 530.上大学 attend university 531.拜访某人 pay a visit to sb.532.高声地(喊)at the top of one’s voice 533.在交战 at war 534.穿旧;使筋疲力尽 wear out 535.拔草 pull out the weeds 536.穿着白色衣服 be dressed in white 537.通盘，作为整体 as a whole 538.总的来说 on the whole 539.有志者事竟成。
A:投资活动
B:金融活动
C:商务活动
D:福利活动
美国心理学家威廉·詹姆斯的研究结果表明，人类本质中最深远的驱动力是：B
A:希望被爱
B:希望具有重要性
C:希望具有随意性
D:希望具有自由度
下列属于结果性语言的是：A
A:完成方案设计
B:进行方案设计
C:进行制作
D:制作中
部分结构层次叙述的国家标准规范中,第一层编号用：A
A:
一、二、“三„„来表示
B:
（一）、（二）、（三）„„来表示
C:用阿拉伯数字来表示
D:（1）、（2）、（3）„„来表示
以内容以及用途作为划分标准，商务文书可以分为：B
A:固定格式的商务文书和非固定格式的商务文书
B:通用的商务文书和礼仪性的商务文书
C:通用的商务文书和非固定格式的商务文书
D:非固定格式的商务文书和礼仪性的商务文书
提出相应问题及其建议的同时，最大限度地给与目标读者体贴温暖的感觉的是：B
A:正面反馈
B:修正性反馈
C:负面反馈
D:没有反馈
增加情感指数的方法不包括：B
A:增加第二人称代词
B:增加第一人称代词
C:增加第三人称的专有名词
D:增加读者的姓名
部分结构层次叙述的国家标准规范中,第三层编号用：C
A:
一、二、“三„„来表示
B:
（一）、（二）、（三）„„来表示
C:用阿拉伯数字来表示
D:（1）、（2）、（3）„„来表示
下列单位符合长度单位使用规范的是：B
A:尺
B:分米
C:公分
D:寸
撰写商务文书是一个：D A:“八分想，四分写”的过程
B:“六分想，二分写”的过程
C:“三分想，七分写”的过程
D:“七分想，三分写”的过程
在日常工作中，适用于分析问题式商业文书的是：A A:指示及命令
B:总结
C:事故调查报告X
D:工程报告
所谓的“读者为尊”是：C A:运用情感指数、提升对撰写者的关注程度的观念的一种延伸
B:运用正式指数、提升对读者的关注程度的观念的一种延伸
C:运用情感指数、提升对读者的关注程度的观念的一种延伸
D:运用正式指数、提升对撰写者的关注程度的观念的一种延伸
希望自己的所发出的商务文书在目标读者那里能够被第一时间阅读，从而使自己的沟通目的能够尽快达成。要做到这一点就必须：B A:增加商务文书的时间任意性
B:增加商务文书的时间紧迫性
C:增加商务文书的时间有效性
D:增加商务文书的时间漫长性
下列属于句内点号的是：A A:分号
B:句号
C:问号
D:叹号
下列关于合同的说法正确的是：A A:文字与阿拉伯数字并用
B:尽量写长句子，表达清楚
C:汉语和符号并用，能用简略符号的就用符号，避免歧义
D:可以适当创造新的词语
把握商业文书总体风格的依据是：D A:戴明环循环规则X
B:二八原则
C:目标管理
D:游说矩阵
下列单位符合质量重量单位使用规范的是：A A:毫克
B:斤
C:两
D:钱
以下属于非正式的商务文书的是：D A:带抬头的信件
B:宣传册
C:政府公文
D:便签
以下属于非固定格式的商务文书的是：D A:商务合同
B:邀请信
C:通知
D:电子邮件
报告的结尾应该是：B A:以上如认为可行，请批准有关单位执行
B:以上报告请审阅
C:妥否，请批示
D:经研究答复如下
商务文书首要特点是：B A:独特
B:简明
C:详细
D:全面
以下属于礼仪性的商务文书的是：D A:备忘录
B:请示、批复
C:通知、会议纪要
D:贺信、贺电
商务文书写作在材料方面，应遵循的原则不包括：B A:收集要多
B:运用要全
C:选择要严
D:使用要巧
商务文书中，下列表述正确的是：C A:03年
B:民国92年
C:二○○六年
D:腊月1
5也可以被称为“天鹅下蛋式”的是：D A:连贯式的层次结构
B:分析问题式的层次结构
C:问答式的层次结构
D:并列式的层次结构
部分结构层次叙述的国家标准规范中,第二层编号用：
A:
一、二、“三„„来表示
B:
（一）、（二）、（三）„„来表示
C:用阿拉伯数字来表示B
D:（1）、（2）、（3）„„来表示
商务文书写作在主旨方面，应遵循的原则不包括：A A:简单
B:正确
C:集中
D:鲜明
“公文不一定要好文章，但必须写得一清二楚、十分明确、字稳词妥、通体通顺，让人家不折不扣的了解说的内容是什么”，这个论述地提出者是：C A:鲁迅
B:朱光潜
C:叶圣陶
关键词：高中英语写作训练,书面表达,范文翻译,小组合作
过去, 老师对英语书面表达有所关注, 但指导方法不佳, 时间投入带来的并不是学生高质量的书面表达。相反, 就连基础比较好的学生要写一篇内容较充实、结构较完整、可读性较强的书面表达都存在一定困难。究竟是学生不敢爱书面表达, 还是书面表达爱不起。只要解决这一问题, 就能提高学生的英语书面表达能力。在新课程背景下, 现今的英语教师已都认识到英语书面表达在英语教学中的重要性。在日常英语教学中, 他们对书面表达教学越来越重视。英语书面表达的教学新法不断涌现。我结合日常书面表达教学实践和研究, 旨在探究书面表达教学的有效途径。
一、当前高中书面表达教学简析
1. 当前高中书面表达教学存在的问题
(1) 书面表达布置无的放矢
在日常英语教学过程中, 许多老师虽明白写作的重要性, 但在给学生布置书面表达任务时存在随意性和盲目性———往往拿到什么练习卷就布置什么书面表达, 缺乏系统性, 无的放矢, 事倍功半。
(2) 学生存在消极训练心理
听说读写译各项技能中, 写是高中学生最头疼的一项。所以, 一谈到书面表达, 学生总是表现出排斥和畏惧的心理, 但是为了完成老师布置的任务, 他们又不得不一次次消极地进行训练。反复训练的结果可想而知, 一些学生反而越写越糟。
(3) 书面表达批改后反馈不佳
书面表达批改任务繁重, 许多老师辛辛苦苦地将书面表达批改完, 可是分发下去, 学生只是简单地看看分数和评语, 对于错误不做任何修改就扔到一边。其实, 更多时候学生是不知道怎么修改, 更不用说知道自己到底哪些地方、哪些句子写得好。
(4) 错误“输入强化”
以上教学中存在的所有问题, 在一次次的作文训练中, 会形成错误的强化现象, 与Sharwood Smith提出的“输入强化理论” (1991) 相悖。
“输入强化理论” (Input Enhancement) 的核心是交际活动与改错活动的有机结合。Sharwood Smith指出, 通过“输入强化”, 学习者既可注意在交际过程中忽略的语言现象, 又可使交际过程中的错误输入得到纠正, 提高语言的准确性。然而, 在现实教学中, 许多学生不仅没有改正错误, 习得正确的表达法, 实现“输入强化”, 还使错误在一次又一次训练中强化, 最终出现负面的“输入强化”现象, 错误得到巩固。教师会抱怨学生老是犯同样的错误, 更别指望学生写出优美句子。
2. 当前高中书面表达常见有效的训练法
不同省份的英语书面表达字数要求在120至150个字不等, 似乎仅由十来个句子组成, 而要把这十来个句子写好, 却很有学问。冰冻三尺, 非一日之寒。日常的积累在英语书面表达训练方面有至关重要的作用。写作能力的培养不可能一蹴而就, 我们需要由浅入深、由易到难、由简到繁地进行训练。在英语教师的大家庭里, 所有成员为了学生, 都在积极探索高中书面表达训练的“秘籍”, 渴望我们的弟子能够在师傅这本“武功宝典”指引下练就一身绝世的英语书面表达功夫, 来日闯荡各种英语测试这一“江湖”。
首先, 教材是学生首先接触到的最主要的课程资源, 为学生提供了大量鲜活的语言。课文题材广泛, 体裁多样, 难易程度适中, 适合学生做缩写、仿写、改写、续写及写评论、读后感等练习。这些练习既能使学生巩固已学的课本知识, 加深学生对课文的理解, 又有助于提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。
其次, 美文背诵、句型操练、翻译等方法得到了运用, 发挥了作用。运用这些方法培养出了一大批技艺超群的英语书面表达高手。
3. 范文翻译法出现的背景
根据课标要求, 学生在高中阶段要不断地提高听说读写四项基本技能。整合当前有效的训练方法, 我对书面表达的训练进行了可控制性设计, 目的是让学生在一定的教学目标的指引下进行有效训练。
二、范文翻译法简介
1. 范文的选择
在收集了近十年各省高考书面表达题目及其范文之后, 写出相应的中文版本范文, 按记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文进行分类。针对文体的不同, 将高中英语写作常见的近百个句型分别用在4种文体的35篇范文中进行训练。当然, 选择的范文话题根据课标要求的话题进行整合。
2. 范文翻译实例介绍
某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”, 现对外征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份, 根据提示用英语写一篇短文 (2009年福建高考) 。 (1) 根据思路图适当展开, 使行文连贯; (2) 词数:120左右。
中文范文:
我要微笑
微笑优点很多, 既可以愉悦自己又可以愉悦他人。如果对生活微笑, 生活也会对我们微笑。不论何时何地, 我们要对所有人微笑。
首先, 对父母微笑, 因为他们生我并含辛茹苦把我养大。他们几乎为我安排好了一切。在他们的帮助下, 我取得了巨大的进步。我想微笑地对他们说声“谢谢!”。然后, 我要对自己微笑, 因为只有通过这种方式我才能够笑走麻烦, 过更好的生活。
总之, 让我们笑迎每一天。明天又是崭新的一天。
(1) 翻译前
翻译之前, 我先介绍范文翻译当中会用到的句型供学生使用, 目的在于让学生在翻译中强化句型, 方便今后写作时信手拈来。如下:
句型1:not only...but also...
句型2:only+状语+倒装。
句型3:if等从属连词引导句子的省略。
句型4:would like to do sth.
句型5:without/with+宾语作为条件的句子。
但是并不是简单将句型告之学生。对于每个句型的使用, 利用课堂时间进行事先操练, 提高使用的准确率。
(2) 翻译时
在上交作业之前, 要求小组成员之间用蓝色笔先互改。主要是修改句型、标点和单词拼写的错误。要求批改者签名。互改完后进行二次修改, 然后组长收起上交等待老师批改。
(3) 教师批改
为了解决教师包办而效率低的问题, 对于翻译进行“双改”制。一改老师将学生错误的地方用各种规范的作文批改符号标出。评分并写好评语分给学生进行二改。学生二改要找到互改的那位学生一同修改。之后, 老师利用课后时间进行二改。 (根据不同的学生, 有的进行面批, 有的用录音的方式减少对学生的干扰。) 第二次修改后, 老师与小组成员一起讨论, 进一步修改, 最终形成小组翻译成果。
(4) 成果展示
选出5篇优秀的翻译作品张贴到学习园地。
(5) 后翻译阶段
翻译结束后, 要求小组将成果收集汇总形成“专著”。在积累中成长, 在共同提高中体验学习的快乐。
3. 范文翻译法的辅助提高措施
单一的翻译可能会让学生烦, 特别是基础不好的学生。所以范文翻译还可以采用单句成段法、借用缩写、仿写、改写、续写及写评论、读后感、同声传译法等变换操练。
4. 范文翻译的优缺点
范文翻译法, 能够扎实基础, 稳步提高学生的书面表达能力, 效率高。但是, 由于工作量大、课时要求高, 要求授课教师做好充分的规划并充分调动学生的积极性。
四、结语
范文翻译法还处于研究探索阶段, 但从教学实践的效果来看, 是相当有效的。怎样使该方法成熟并推广, 还有待进一步研究。所谓有心人天不负, 相信在不断深入的过程中能够不断完善该方法。所谓条条大路通罗马, 对于书面表达的教学也没有定法, 关键是一种方法运用好了, 可以让多人受益。
参考文献
[1]Sharwood Smith, M.“Speaking to many minds:On the relevance of different types of language information for the L2 learner”.Second Language Research, 1991, 7 (2) :118-132.
[2]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准 (试验) [M].人民教育出版社, 2003.
[3]孙尧芳.浙江省东阳市中天高级中学.高中英语书面表达教学中存在的问题及对策.学英语, 2008.04.29 (44) .
[4]夏建清.输入强化理论与英语书面表达打草稿.考试周刊, 2008 (8) .
【摘 要】随着互联网和各类移动终端的不断普及，人类已经进入到大数据时代。大数据已广泛应用于政治、经济、教育等领域。本文通过对有关大数据背景下英语写作研究的相关文献进行梳理，指出现有文献研究的主要内容，并提出了现有研究的不足以及未来研究的方向。
【关键词】大数据 英语写作研究 主要内容 前景
科技飞速发展，信息不断增加的大数据时代影响着社会的方方面面。英语写作的教学理念、教学方法、教学评价等也毫无例外地面临新挑战和新机遇。因此，基于大数据背景的英语写作研究论文开始见诸各类期刊。本文拟对有关大数据背景下英语写作研究的相关文献进行梳理，并对其主要内容、存在的不足以及研究前景进行分析。
一、大数据的定义、特征以及对英语写作教学的影响
美国的Gartner Group公司将大数据（Big Data）定义为：无法在可承受的时间范围内用常规软件工具进行捕捉、管理和处理的数据集合，是需要新处理模式才能具有更强的决策力、洞察发现力和流程优化能力的海量、高增长率和多样化的信息资产。
麦肯锡公司给出的定义为：大数据是一种大到在获取、储存、管理、分析方面大大超出了传统数据库软件工具能力范围的数据集合，具有海量的数据规模、快速的数据流转、多样的数据类型和价值密度低四大特征。
大数据的上述特征改变了英语写作教学资源、写作目的、写作辅助手段、评估主体、写作成果的处理方式等等，从观念到行为带给英语写作教学巨大影响，推动着英语写作教学不断变革（王海啸，2014）。
二、基于大数据的英语写作研究主要内容
（一）大数据背景下大学英语写作教学改革途径研究
首先，多角度认识作者、文本与读者的关系，以语言应用为教学目的；其次，将写作教学活动与网络教学平台和评估系统无缝衔接；再次，提升英语教师的信息技术能力，与技术人员紧密合作（王海啸，2014；王凡，2014；张鸾，2015）。此外，大數据时代的大学英语写作教学中，教师必须重新定位自己的职能和角色，从传统的资源拥有者转变为资源整合者，从讲授者转变为引导者，推动学生自主学习（张红艳，2015）。
（二）大数据背景下大学英语写作教学模式的探索与实践研究
随着网络和移动终端的普及运用，基于网络资源的英语自主写作能力的培养模式得以实现。充分利用网络资源，并通过阅读、讨论等方式带动写作，以学生为中心，让学生主动探索、发现和构建知识来提高写作内容的丰富性和语言表达的质量（胡小颖，2013）。此外，基于语料库的数据驱动学习为英语写作教学提供了创新工具，在词汇和篇章教学活动中提供丰富的语言素材，语料库研究工具的应用激发了学生主动探索和学习，使学生的自主学习能力得到了充分的锻炼（蒋婷，杨梅，2006）。基于现代信息技术的在线写作自动评价系统的应用日渐增多，句酷批改网在国内的应用较为广泛，具有操作简单、反馈及时、按句点评、激励反复修改、记录学生成长轨迹等优点，被公认为英语写作教学的好帮手（陈成辉，2013）。
（三）基于大数据的英语写作智能评价系统信度和效度研究
何旭良（2013）通过实验研究分析了句酷批改网英语作文评分的信度和效度，结果表明：从信度上看，批改网的评分比人工评分显著偏高，不能反映学生英语作文的真实水平；从效度上看，批改网着重评价文中词汇和语法的使用，但在思想内容、逻辑关系及篇章结构方面反馈较少，不能评估作文的流畅性、句子结构的复杂程度、文体修辞及内容逻辑性与关联性。因此，英语写作智能评价系统在教学中只是一个辅助工具，不能取代教师，需要将教师的课堂讲授和在线写作训练有机结合（蒋艳，马武林，2013）。
三、基于大数据的英语写作研究前景分析
通过上述分析发现，目前基于大数据的英语写作研究内容主要集中在大学英语写作教学的改革途径和模式探索方面，研究方向比较单一，内容上也大同小异，这类研究浪费了研究者的时间精力，也无益于英语写作研究的发展。因此，在今后的研究中，可以充分利用大数据提供海量数据信息的特点和在线智能评估系统提供科研平台的功能，深度挖掘相关数据，采用科学实验的方法来开展多角度的实证性研究。
四、结语
随着智能化平台的普及，大数据对于英语写作教学和科研的作用日益彰显，但时代在不断变化发展，基于大数据的英语写作研究才刚刚开始，还有待于专家学者们继续探索，不断丰富该领域的研究成果。
【参考文献】
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[2]王凡.大数据时代的大学英语写作教学改革[J].读与写（教育教学刊），2014，11（11）：24-25.
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[7]陈成辉.基于语料库和云计算技术的写作自动批阅系统评介——以句酷批改网为例[J].江苏科技信息，2013（07）：56-57，69.
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