考研复试英语口语题(精选6篇)
在MPAcc复试中,英语口语面试是必不可少的一项,当考官问你问题时,自信流畅的表现是通过的保障,要做到胸有成竹,就需了解面试官常问的这些问题:
自我介绍(self-introduce)
Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is***,24.I come from******,the capital of*******Province.I graduated from the*******department of*****University in July,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching*****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.I am open-minded,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books,especially those about*******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So,I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course,if I am given a chance to study******in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance******.考研原因(reasons for my choice)
There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer.In my opinion,as one of the most famous******in our country,it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment.This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in******throughout my life.Its a pleasure to be with my favorite******for lifetime.I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly,I learnt a lot from my*****job during the past two years.However,I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.Life is precious.It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development,especially in this competitive modern world.In a word,I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.研究生期间你的计划
(plans in the postgraduate study)
First,I hope I can form systematic view of*****.As for******,my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as**************.If possible,I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word,I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.介绍你的家乡(about hometown)
I am from,a famous city with a long history over 2,200 years.It is called“Rong Cheng”because there were lots of banians even 900 years ago.The city lies in the eastern part of the province.It is the center of politics,economy and culture.Many celebrities were born here,for instance,Yanfu,Xie Bingxin,Lin Zexu and so on..You know,there is a saying that“The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”.I think the city really deserves it.The top three artware are Shoushan Stone,cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware.In addition,it is famous for the hot springs.Theyare known for high-quality.Visitors athome and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown.你的家庭(about family)
There are four members in my family;my parents,my cute cat of 9 years old and me.My father is a technician in the Fujian TV station.He often goes out on business.So most of the housework is done by my industrious mom.Climbing at weekends is our common interest.The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness.They can strengthen our relation,too.During my prepareing for coming here,my parents’love and support have always been my power.and I hope in future I wil be able to repay them.你的大学(about university)
明确报考院校的出题范围
今年各高校基本上会延续2005年的测试方法,这也意味着考试内容、考试程序、计分方法仍旧各不相同,具体分为以下几种方式:
1、英语听力口语测试与专业课面试分开,并专门进行历时约为30分钟的听力放音笔试和口语面试测试;
2、听力和口语放在一起进行测试,整体测试分项打分;
3、听力进行专门单项测试,口语测试与专业课面试相结合;
4、听力口语测试全部与专业课面试相结合,整体测试分项打分。
由于各校听力内容差别很大,有的学校的听力试题就是六级听力真题;还有的学校的听力试题则需要听一段与专业有关的英语段子后再回答问题。对于借用相对成熟的测试体系(类似六级)的学校,考生复习起来就会相对简单,只需利用历年听力真题来备考就能达到事半功倍的效果。
但是对于有些院校,如清华,其听力要求为:“本部分以考查学生理解真实性英语语言表达内容为宗旨。放录音时间约30分钟;内容选自日常对话、采访、新闻、简短讲座等录音素材。考试形式为以记笔记形式填表格、完成句子、回答问题,以体现常用理解和表达能力的主观题型为主,不采用多项选择题型。”这样难度就大多了。因此在明确各校英语复试听力不尽相同的情况之后,考生们就应该针对自己将要面对的考试类型进行准备。
狠抓基本功,多听多练
无论哪种类型的听力考试,对其基本技能的要求总是万变不离其宗的,下面我们就来看看,如何从本开始,提高听力:
首先考生本人尤其要重视自己的发音,充分掌握英音和美音的发音规则和区别、连读的规则等等。如果考生自己的发音都不标准,听到标准音的时候肯定也分辨不出来。这就需要从根本上去改变我们多年养成的一些错误发音习惯——小到元音、辅音,大到弱读、连读、失爆等等。针对这种情况,考生平时应多查字典,校对正确的音标,掌握正确的发音规则,还可以去参考市面上与语音有关的材料。另外,矫正语音最有效的方法之一就是跟读磁带,只需逐字逐句地跟读一盘磁带甚至半盘磁带即可保证有完美的发音。
其次,听力考试时对词汇量也有一定的要求。但是必须根据各高校考查方法有针对性地准备。参加借用成熟测试体系的复试考生掌握大约3500个基本词汇已经足够了,如果能在此基础上再参考一些六级的听力词汇和六级听力材料那就更为理想了。因为六级的语速是每分钟160~180个单词,而考研复试的语速通常不会超过该速度。对于那些听力考试材料是本校专业英语材料的考生来说,难度还是比较大的!这部分考生需要掌握大量专业词汇并要求达到能听能说的高度。因此这些考生需要经常关注自己所报考院系的研究动向,找一些专业英语磁带作为听力材料,并且达到听完之后能复述解释某些专业内容的程度。
再次,针对不少高校复试听力考查偏向于主观题型的现象,笔者建议广大考生在考前还要多做精听和听写两项练习。精听就是将录音材料上的信息全部听下来,做到听懂。听写就是在精听的基础上,将听到材料记录下来。材料可以以六级材料为标准,不要选取篇幅过长的文章。每篇文章以听四遍为标准,其中两遍为慢速。听力的提高是一个长期的过程,但是只要每天多花时间并采取恰当的方法,在短期之内一定可以在原有水平上更上一层楼。
本文为北工大版主苏鹏磊为大家分享的北工大材料学院考研经验及复试过程中的面试题回忆,供各位同学参考!
软性准备:
一颗永不言弃的心,你要知道考研路上你最大的竞争对手就是自己的畏缩心理,对于整个人生来说,考研微不足道,没必要畏畏缩缩,轻言放弃,其实本人在考上之后觉得考研就是那么回事,过来了就发现之前的那些看似巨大的困难都是纸老虎而已。
一双吃苦耐劳的手,勤劳+耐心+信心=成功,这是过来人屡试不爽的经验。
一副能使半年的身躯,考研其实是个体力活,这半年多就像生个孩子一样,怀揣着一个希望每天都在努力,会有种种困难迎面而来,也有喜悦在产生,而最后即将收获的时候,整个人会轻松许多,之后就会发现,这些都是值得的。
硬性准备:
虽说大学成绩在考研时不是很看重,但复试时老师们考核桌面上对你之前的印象除了初试分数,就是这个大学成绩单,所以,尽量把成绩单弄得体面一点。
复试之英语、专业课笔试:不要以为这个不重要,也不要准备过头,听说有一个报考机电学院的高分学生由于没有好好做笔试题,其实就是没写满,最后被刷到专硕去了,谨记。
我复试时第一个问题:你大学时跟随老师参加过什么科研活动吗?(让你用英文回答,实在不行,说抱歉,然后继续)。。大学期间的动手科研能力需要尽量找机会来提高,老师收学生的重要目的是找个给自己干活的小工,当然越熟练越好,更快的上手。
我复试时第二个问题:本专业的一道简答题,这是正常考察阶段,要做到快速、准确、完整的回答出来。
1.自我介绍(self-introduction)
Good morning, my dear professors.It’s my pleasure to be given a chance for your interview.My name is XXX,I am XXX years old.I come from XXX, a very beautiful city.My
undergraduate period will be accomplished in XXX university in July, 2009, and now, I am striving for obtaining a key to your prestigious universuty.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination for it has been my dream to be a postgraduate.I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of XXX.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters and I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is..I like reading books, especially those about XXX.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition, I am a person with great perseverance.During my college years, I found web sign very interesting, so I learned it very hard.Therefore, I have a comparative good command of network application and I am skillful in
searching for information on Internet.Well, in my spare time, I like basketball, tennis and Chinese chess.Also English is my favorite.I often go to English corner to practice my oral English, and write compositions to improve my written ability.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course, if I am given a chance to study XXX in this famous University, I will concentrate on my study and make great efforts to master a good command of advance XXX.Ok, that is all, thank you for your attention.2.考研原因(reasons for my choice)
There are several reasons accounting for my endeavor.Above all, I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer.In my opinion, as one of the most famous XXX in our country, it provides people with enough room to get further achievement.This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in XXX throughout my life.It’s a pleasure to be with my favorite XXX for lifetime.I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly, I learnt a lot from my XXX job during the past two years.However, I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.Life is precious.It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially in this competitive modern world.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.3.研究生期间你的计划(plans in the postgraduate study)
First, I hope I can form systematic view of XXX.As for XXX, my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as XXX.If possible, I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here..介绍你的家乡(about hometown)
I am from XXX, a famous city with a long history over 2,200 years.It is called XXX because there were lots of XXX even 900 years ago.The city lies in the eastern part of the province.It is the center of politics, economy and culture.Many celebrities were born here, for instance, XXX,XXX and XXX..You know, there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”.I think the city really deserves it.In addition, it is famous for the hot springs.They are known for high-quality.Visitors at home and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown.5.你的家庭(about family)
There are four members in my family: my parents, my XXX and me.My father is a technician in XXX.He often goes out on business and therefore, most of the housework is done by my
industrious mom.Climbing at weekends is our common interest.The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness.They can strengthen our relation, too.During my prepareing for
coming here, my parents’love and support have always been my power and I hope in the future I wil be able to repay them.6.你的大学(about university)
XXX University is the oldest one in the province.It was founded in XXX and covers an area of over XXX.The building area is XXX square meters.It develops into a comprehensive university with efforts of generations, especially after the reform and opening up.It takes the lead among the XXX universities with excellent teaching and scientific research ability.The library has the
storage of XXX books and various research institutes are set up including XXX research centers.There are teaching research experimental bases.For example, the computer center, analyzing-test center, modern education technical center and so on.考研英语口语复试两条经验
作者:东北大学考研网 来源: 日期:2012-2-20 9:30:12 人气:43 标签:
一,英语自我介绍一定要背。
英语的自我介绍,考生最好提前准备好,并熟背于心。如果在自我介绍时,显得很不流利,就说明他的口语肯定很差。另外,提醒在自我介绍时要很自然,参加考研复试的考官,一般应该是在40岁上下年纪的中年人,作为考生,最好把握他们的心态,他们应该都是吃过苦的一些人,所以考生在做自我介绍的时候,表现不要很强势。你可以把自己定为一个弱势群体,这个有很大的好处,但最重要的考生要紧紧围绕导师所感兴趣的东西来回答。
二,英语提问灵活应对。
导师提问这块没有一个具体的标准,导师临场会问很多问题,下面笔者为考生介绍两类:一类是考生个人信息。这个考生一定要准备全面,比如说你的个人经历,成功经历,失败经历,这个很重要。再比如你的个人梦想,打算,读研的计划,甚至你的家乡,你的家人,大学生活,本科学校的情况,还比如你是换专业考试的,为什么换专业考试?你没换专业的,你对这个专业有什么认识,他会问到很多类似这样的问题,关于个人的信息一定要准备好,一定不要临时去想,因为临时想很难组织语言,除非你的口语特别厉害,没有一个人能做到这一点,临时想得很完美。
另一类导师可能会问一些专业类的问题。用英语问专业的问题,这种问题怎么回答?这种问题确实难度比较高,比如你学数学专业的,或者理科物理的,他问专业的,你很可能这个词都不认识,这怎么办呢?这里希望考生注意一点。用英语问专业问题,没有一个老师会期待你有一个很好的回答,因为老师知道一个本科生是没有办法用英语来表述专业问题的。基本上大家都跟你一样的,不会回答的很好。不过,同学们只要动脑筋,用智慧,在参加复试之前的时候,一定要自己用英语准备至少三个专业的问题以及它的回答就没有太大的问题了。套用一位过来人的话:“英语口试先是自我介绍,老师主要是根据你的自我介绍的内容来挖掘问题,或者根据当时情景来和你进行简短的对话,看看你有没有应用外语和别人沟通的能力。”
英语复试中的口语部分注重的是同学们说英语的能力,只要考生平时做好准备,并掌握一些技巧,相信这一关并不是问题。
东北大学考研网是为报考东北大学研究生院的考生提供考试真题资料及资讯服务平台.东北大学考研网是最权威最专业的东北大学考研门户网站.本站中文实名关键词: 东北大学考研网 东北大学考研论坛
东北大学研究生院
如何准备英语口试
作者:东北大学考研网 来源: 日期:2012-2-17 9:34:00 人气:39 标签:
研究生入学初试已经结束,对于那些考试感觉还不错的同学来讲,应该要开始准备一下复试时内容了。在英语口试之前,我们要做什么呢?
1.了解报考院校专业往年的英语口试形式
各院校各专业的复试口试形式各不相同,一定要对症下药。可以通过询问以前考过的师兄、师姐们来了解复试口试的形式,可能的话,了解一下口试中常出现的问题。
总的来说,复试口试有这样几种类型:自我介绍;读某篇英文文章,然后进行翻译或回答相关问题;抽到某个话题进行演讲、阐述;两三人就同一个话题进行讨论、辩论(多人一起复试的情况);自由问答(可能是专业或与专业相关的时事热点问题,也可能只是了解个人情况)。
2.了解导师/考官
首先必须了解导师在该专业的研究方向,可能的话,看看他们写的书,因为在专业问题上,导师一般都会往自己研究方向上靠拢;其次,了解导师在口试中常问的一些问题及习惯(这个又得求助于师兄师姐们了);最后,可以给导师打电话,让他/她知道你是谁,有你这么一个考生参加复试。
3.对以下几个方面要多加注意,适当练习几遍
1)见面问候语:Good morning / afternoon, dear professors.I am XXX.(Nice to meet you。)。告别用语:Thanks for your time./ Thank you for giving such a chance.I hope to see you again and soon。
2)自我介绍——姓名、年龄、兴趣爱好、个性、学习(工作)情况等。注意不要全部照搬网上的一些版本,老师一听就知道不是你写的;可以选取一些好的句子,自己组织一下内容。
3)关于自己家庭、家乡、原来的学校的一些情况,尤其要注意原来学校的英文名称
4)未来规划——学习规划(研究生以后的方向),人生规划(短期、长期)
5)意外情况——没听清,你应该怎样要求老师再说一遍(Pardon?/ Sorry, I can’t follow you./ Sorry, I lost you.Can you repeat that question again?);需要时间思考、整理思路的时候,不要出现沉默,可以用一些hmm, err, well等语气词;不会回答某些问题时,千万不要不懂装懂,可以明确地告诉老师你不知道(Sorry, but I have no idea about it。)。
6)跨专业问题——老师通常会对跨专业的学生问这样一个问题:为什么会选择这个专业?不要前篇一律地回答只说“我对这个专业感兴趣”,可以把每个人都会谈到的原因简要地罗列一下,对具有自己特色的原因则可大谈特谈,详细地阐述自己的观点,让老师印象深刻。
7)专业知识——在英语口试中(非英语专业),如果老师提问专业问题,通常不会指望你能进行流利的、专业性强的阐述;但是一些专业术语的英文说法还是有必要了解一下的。
一、第一句话(first word)
见到考官的第一句话,很关键,不用说的很复杂。可以是一个简单句,但一定要铿锵有力。
展示出自信和实力。千万不要来一句“sorry,my English is poor”。常见的开头有:
1.Good morning!may I introduce myself „„
2.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.I‘m peter white,my NO is„(北大清华等学校参加面试的考生很多,可能对考生有一个编号,说一下自己的编号显得很职业,也很正式。)
二、作自我介绍——成长经历(making a self-introduction——developing history)有很多学校要求做一个自我介绍,这一问题并非在请你大谈你的个人历史。考官是要在你的介绍中寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索。来判断你是否适合读MBA.你可以先介绍一下成长的经历,出生地和毕业学校等内容。在这一部分要介绍的有些特色,让老师在听几十个人流水帐式的介绍中增加一点乐趣,就权且当作MBA人际关系管理的第一个挑战吧!
I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July,1997.(很简单的一句话,一定要发音准确!要把毕业学校的英文准确名字搞清楚了。)
你可以借光一下家乡的名人,可以用这句高水平的话,展示高超你高超的口语。
You know,there is a saying that“The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”。I think the city really deserves it.另外在介绍性格和爱好的时候,适合把家庭介绍结合在一起,可以说父母给了你哪些方面良好的影响。不要流水帐似的介绍家庭成员。可以这么说:
Just like my father,I am open-minded,quick in thought and very fond of history.Frequently I exchange ideas with my family during super.In addition,during my college years,I was once the chairman of the Student Union.These work have urged me develop active and responsible characters.在这里给出描述个人品质常用词汇的中英文对照,可以参考。
able有才干的,能干的 adaptable适应性强的 active主动的,活跃的aggressive有进取心的 ambitious有雄心壮志的 amiable和蔼可亲的amicable友好的 analytical善于分析的 apprehensive有理解力的aspiring有志气的,有抱负的 audacious有冒险精神的 capable有能力的,有才能careful办理仔细的 candid正直的 competent能胜任的constructive建设性的 cooperative有合作精神的 creative富创造力的dedicated有奉献精神的 dependable可靠的 diplomatic老练的,有策
disciplined守纪律的 dutiful尽职的 well-educated受过良好教育的efficient有效率的 energetic精力充沛的 expressivity善于表达
faithful守信的,忠诚的 frank直率的,真诚的 generous宽宏大量的genteel有教养的 gentle有礼貌的 humorous有幽默
impartial公正的 independent有主见的 industrious勤奋的ingenious有独创性的 motivated目的明确的 intelligent理解力强的learned精通某门学问的 logical条理分明的 methodical有方法的modest谦虚的 objective客观的 precise一丝不苟的punctual严守时刻的 elastic实事求是的 responsible负责的sensible明白事理的 sporting光明正大的 steady踏实的systematic有系统的 purposeful意志坚强的 sweet-tempered性情温和的temperate稳健的 tireless孜孜不倦的三、作自我介绍——职业发展(making a self-introduction——career development)这是很关键的一部分,也是MBA考官会重点考察的一部分。要把工作经历和MBA的学习以及职业发展方向作为一个整体来谈,让老师感到你选择MBA是一个理性的选择而不是一时冲动,选择MBA是职业发展中的一个必然选择,而不是因为找不到工作。你可以用这些句型:
1、In the past years,I‘ve worked at IBM as a software engineer.In my work,I found communication and management is very important.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.So I choose MBA!if I am given a chance to study MBA in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of communication and management skill.(在过去的几年中,我作为一个软件工程师在IBM工作。在工作中,我发现交流和管理非常的重要。我一直认为一个人很容易落后,如果不持续学习的话,所以我选择了MBA!如果我有机会在这个著名的大学学习MBA,我会不遗余力的掌握沟通和管理的技能。)
2.Held a post concurrently in Zhongxing CPA.from December,1998 to May,1999.and mainly worked on evaluating project finance and made up cash flow tables.(1998年11月至1999年5月在中兴会计师事务所兼职,主要从事财务评价、现金流量表的编制分析和产业的市场调查与跟踪研究等。)
3.Assistant to the General Manager of Shenzhen Petrochemical Industrial Corporation Ltd.Handled the itinerary schedule of the general manager.Met clients as a representative of the corporation.Helped to negotiate a $5,000,000 deal for the corporation.(深圳石油化工集团股份有限公司总经理助理。安排总经理的出差旅行计划时间表。作为公司代表接见客户。协助公司谈成了一笔五百万美圆的交易。)
4.assistant to manager of accounting department of a joint venture enterprise.Analyzed data and relevant financial statistics,and produced monthly financial
statements.(一家合资企业会计部门经理的助理。分析数据及相关财务统计数字,而且提出每月的财务报告。)
5.Production manager: Initiated quality control resulting in a reduction in working hours by 20% while increasing productivity by 25%.(生产部经理:引入质量控制,使工作时数减少了20%,而生产力则提高了25%.)
6.Staff member of Shanxi Textiles Import and Export Company.Handled import of textiles from Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan.Increased sales by 25% from 1990 to 1993.Made frequent business trips to these places to negotiate with textile mills.(山西纺织品进出口公司职员。处理从香港、澳门、台湾进口纺织品事宜。从1990年到1993年增加了25%的销售额。经常出差到这些地方跟纺织厂商洽谈。)
7.Tourist guide during the summer vacation for Beijing International Travel Service.Conducted tours for foreign tourists on trip around the city.(暑假期间为北京国际旅行社当导游。负责外国旅客在城区的观光旅游。)
8.Sales manager.In addition to ordinary sales activities and management of department,responsible for recruiting and training of sales staff members.(销售部经理。除了正常销售活动和部门管理之外,还负责招聘与训练销售人员。)
关于过去工作的描述是很重要的,同学们一定要熟记这些句型。要根据自己的工作经历改造这些句子。
如果你的工作有过比较多的改变,你可以这样来描述原因:
9.Unfortunately I have had to leave my position,as my employers have been forced to liquidate their business due to the worldwide economic adversity.(很不幸地,本人不得不离职,因这一次世界性的经济不景气,使我的雇主不得不结束业务。)
10.The only reason why I am leaving the present position is to gain more experience in a trading office.(本人之所以离开目前的工作岗位,唯一的理由是希望能在一家贸易公司获得更多的经验。)
11.I now wish to enter an office where the work requires greater individual responsibility and judgment than here,and where there is more opportunity for advancement.(目前,本人希望进入一家可以担负较大责任的公司,并希望能提供升迁机会。)
12.My reason for leaving the company is that I wish to get into the advertising business.(本人离职的原因是希望在广告业方面有所发展。)
中国近代翻译家严复曾简明扼要地提出翻译的标准:信、达、雅。信,即忠实原文;达,即译文通畅;雅,即文字典雅。考研英语(一)的大纲对于翻译部分的译文给出的具体要求是“译文准确、完整、通顺”。也就是说,考生在做考研翻译题时只要能做到严复先生提出的“信”“达”二字即可。考研翻译不仅需要考生具备扎实的翻译功底,还需要考生掌握一定的解题策略,下面笔者就介绍三种解题策略供考生参考。
1. 巧用断句
考研翻译的译文是通过采点给分的,即阅卷人会根据句子结构将原句划分成几个部分(一般为2~4个部分),各部分都有相应的分值(最小单位为0.5分),如果考生能准确地翻译出其中一个或多个部分,就能获得相应的分值。根据上述评分规则,考生在答题时可以采用断句策略,将原句划分成不同部分,然后尽量翻译自己能看懂的部分,抓住能得的分数。换言之,考生即使没能准确翻译出全句,但只要能将部分意思译出,仍能获得相应的分数。
例1:Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him (此处指Beethoven), was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: He advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. (2014年第49题)
分析:原文结构比较清晰,但理解起来稍有困难,因为句首出现了倒装结构。考生可以用竖线将句子大致划分为三部分:“Especially significant was his view of freedom, | which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: | He advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.”为便于理解,考生可先将第一部分恢复为正常语序,即“His view of freedom was especially significant”。考生不难发现,第一部分就是全句的主干,而后两部分分别为两个修饰成分。其中,第一个修饰成分是which引导的定语从句,用来修饰freedom;第二个修饰成分是冒号后面的同位语从句,用来说明his view of freedom是什么。考生在翻译时要注意调整句子结构,翻译完主干后先译同位语从句,再译定语从句。需要注意的是,考生即使没看出句首的倒装结构,没弄清各部分之间的逻辑关系,也不要慌张,而是要冷静下来,尽量准确翻译自己能看懂的部分,获得相应的分数。
参考译文:尤为重要的是贝多芬对自由的看法:他倡导思想自由和个人表达的自由。对他而言,自由与个人的权利和义务息息相关。
2. 巧用主干
考生在解答考研翻译题时,最怕遇到的就是长难句。其实有些句子的主干非常清晰,只是因为修饰成分过多或者并列结构过长,才显得句子复杂而冗长。应对这样的句子,考生首先要抓住句子的核心部分,先试着翻译主干,然后再添加枝叶。考生如果实在无法准确理解某一个修饰成分,在不得已的情况下,完全可以放弃,只争取有把握得到的分数。
例2:But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. (2015年第48题)
分析:这句话之所以显得复杂,是因为句中存在三个并列主语the force、the interplay和the sheer difficulty,而每一个主语后面的修饰成分又都很长。因此,针对这句话,考生应先概括出句子的主干“But the force, the interplay, and the sheer difficulty caused significant changes”,然后再分别理解三个of后面的修饰成分,最后将所有信息整合到一起进行翻译。考生如果无法准确理解每一个修饰成分,可以结合句子主干翻出全句的大体意思,确保译文有完整的主干结构,这样阅卷人也会酌情给分。
参考译文:但是,美国特有的地理条件、不同民族间的相互影响以及在这个原始的新大陆上维持旧有方式的极大难度使得美国发生了巨大的变化。
3. 巧用顺序
在考研英语的考场上,考生通常只有15分钟左右的时间来应对翻译部分。因此,在面对结构复杂的句子时,考生往往不知该如何组织语言,更没有足够的时间去琢磨如何调整句子结构。根据笔者的经验,考研英语的大部分翻译题目都可以按照英文原文的顺序进行翻译。因此,考生在翻译时可以采取口译常用的“顺译法”,先把整个句子划分成若干部分逐一译出,然后再用增补、删减等手段把各部分衔接起来,在确保句意准确、完整的前提下,保证译文通顺、流畅。
例3:This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. (2015年第46题)
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分析:考生可以利用竖线对原句进行拆分:“This movement, | driven by powerful and diverse motivations, | built a nation out of a wilderness | and, | by its nature, | shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.”其中,句子的主语是this movement,根据上下文,此movement指的是移民潮,其后是一个过去分词短语做后置定语修饰主语。再往后是一个并列的谓语结构,即“built ... and shaped ...”,中间的by its nature则是插入语。这句话的语序不太容易调整,考生可以直接按照英文原文的语序进行顺译。
参考译文:这场运动由多种强大的动机驱使,在一片荒野上建起了一个国家,并且,就其本质而言,这场运动也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
难点分析
根据笔者的经验,考研翻译最常考的难点就是定语。定语的呈现方式一般有三种:定语从句、分词或不定式和of结构。关于定语的翻译方法,考生一般只需掌握两种:前置法和后置法。前置法是将翻译后的定语放在被修饰的词之前,后置法是将翻译后的定语放在被修饰的词之后。那么什么时候用前置法,什么时候用后置法呢?以定语从句为例,前置法通常适用于限制性定语从句,从句对先行词起到限定修饰的作用;而后置法则适用于非限制性定语从句,从句对先行词起补充说明的作用。但在实际情况中,考生也需要根据从句的长度进行灵活处理。下面笔者分别介绍三种定语形式在翻译中该如何处理。
1. 定语从句
定语从句是考研翻译中最常见的考点,考生需要先识别关系代词(如which/who/that/where等)所指代的内容,然后再考虑语序。
例4:The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. (2013年第48题)
分析:这句话中有两个定语从句。第一个是以which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰the gardens of the homeless,适用后置法来翻译;第二个是以where引导的限制性定语从句,修饰an urban environment,适用前置法来翻译。但考虑到后一个定语从句较长,如果全部堆在an urban environment之前,译文显得不那么流畅,所以改用后置法翻译。
参考译文:无家可归者的花园实际上是无家之园,它将一种形式引入到城市环境中。这种形式以前在城市环境中要么不存在,要么不那么容易辨认。
2. 分词与不定式
分词一般包括现在分词和过去分词,做定语时既可以前置,也可以后置,但不定式做定语时一般会后置。当分词和不定式与被修饰词的关系比较紧密,在结构上比较紧凑时,在译成汉语时定语通常前置,否则句子不够通顺。
例5:He (指Darwin) asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. (2008年第47题)
分析:句中his power的后面是一个较长的不定式to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought,作为定语修饰his power。尽管这个定语比较长,但由于句子结构非常紧凑,用后置法翻译不够通顺,所以改用前置法。
参考译文:达尔文还声称自己进行长时间纯粹抽象思考的能力非常有限,因此他认定自己在数学方面永远不可能取得成功。
3. of结构
在of结构中,如果of表示从属关系,后面的修饰成分又是名词,那么比较好处理,直接倒过来翻译成“……的……”即可。比如,the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind就可以直译成“人脑工作必要模式的表达”。但如果of后面出现了动名词结构,那考生就需要根据修饰成分的长度进行灵活处理。
例6:Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage (a “subito piano”) was only rarely used by composers before him. (2014年第48题)
分析:这句话的of后面是一个超长的动名词修饰成分:increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage (a “subito piano”)。这是这道题的难点。由于动名词结构太长,在翻译时置于habit之前显然不妥当,所以只能作后置处理。
参考译文:贝多芬常用激烈的渐强段落来逐渐提高乐曲音量,然后又突然跟上一节轻柔的乐段(“突弱”)。在他之前,很少有作曲家这样做。
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