全国职称外语等级题

全国职称外语等级题（推荐5篇）

全国职称外语等级题篇1

参加考试大纲编写的专家为：刘润清、韩宝成、高秋薄、白勇、朱莉莉、李建华、柳淑华、卢志鸿、沙丽金、崔刚等同志。主持考试大纲修改的专家为：刘润清、韩宝成同志。参加考试大纲审定的专家为：方立、戴炜华、张彦斌、邱陶生、曹精华等同志。值此，我们向参加大纲编写、审定的专家及有关人员表感谢。

人事部专业技术人员管理司

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲

一、概述

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类和卫生类，每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为l00分，考试时间均为2小时。

二、评价目标

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容;申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容;申报C级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。

为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求：

(一)词汇量

考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等：

1. 申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;

2. 申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;

3. 申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。

(二)语法知识

考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：

1. 英语句子的基本语序及其意义;

2. 英语句子的结构和常用句型;

3. 各种时、体的形式及其意义;

4. 各种从句的构成及其意义;

5. 句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。

(三)阅读理解能力

应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面：

1. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;

2. 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节;

3. 利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义;

4. 既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系;

5. 根据所读材料进行判断和推论;

全国职称外语等级题篇2

PASSAGE 18

Volts from the Sky

?Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon.

Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the ground s surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.

A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks through the insulating barrier of air, and electrons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning.

Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. The first variety, intra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning, making up about 20 percent of lightning discharges, is what we usually see. Lightning comes in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a white sheet, hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds, they can shift the lightning channel sideways, so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.

全国职称外语等级题篇3

序专业技术职务资格号系列（专业）1 高等学校教师

外语级别 A

教授、副教授

外语考试者。

第二外语考试者。

英语类别

讲师；外语教师申报教授、副教授参加第二外语教师申报讲师参加综合类，或根据所从事专业

对口报考理工、卫生类别。从事理工、卫生专业技术工作的，应分别选择理工、卫生类别；从事其他专业技术工作的，应选择综合类别。综合类 2 自然科学研究研究员、副研究员助理研究员社会科学研究研究员、副研究员助理研究员卫生技术、计划生育技术

县（含不设区的市，不含区）及乡镇所属单在县市及乡镇所属单位

主任医（药、护、技）

位的卫生技术人员申报副主任医（药、护、的卫生技术人员申报主

师、副主任医（药、卫生类

技）师；其他单位的卫生技术人员申报主治治（管）医（药、技、护、技）师

（管）医（药、护、技）师。护）师。主任药（中药、中药

县（含不设区的市，不含区）及乡镇所属单位的药品技术人员申报副主任药（中药、中药技）师、高级工程师；其他单位的药品技术人员申报主管药（中药、中药技）师、工程师。主检法医师

在县市及乡镇所属单位从事药品检验专业技术工作的药品技术人员申报主的，应选择卫生类别；从事管药（中药、中药技）其他类药品技术工作的，应师、工程师。

选择理工类别。卫生类 5 药品技术

技）师、副主任药（中药、中药技）师；高级工程师法医

工程技术（高校工程、广播电视工程、质量专业、建设工7

主任法医师、副主任法医师

程、水利工程、交通工程、地质勘查工程、环境保护工程、工程技术应用研究林业工程、冶金工程、黄金工程、水产工程、机械工程、员、高级工程师纺织工程、化工工程、轻工工程、煤炭工程、民航工程、县（含不设区的市，不含区）及乡镇所属单在县市及乡镇所属单位位的工程技术人员申报高级工程师；其他单的工程技术人员申报工理工类位的工程技术人员申报工程师。

程师。

地震工程、气象工程）党校教师中等专业学校教师 10 技工学校教师 11 实验技术 12 翻译 13 农业经济 15 会计 16 审计 17 统计

县（市、区）委党校申报高级讲师；设区的县（市、区）委党校申

教授、副教授

市委以上党校申报讲师；外语教师申报教授、报讲师；外语教师申报综合类，或根据所从事专业

副教授、高级讲师参加第二外语考试者。

讲师参加第二外语考试对口报考理工类别。

者。

高级讲师；外语教师申报高级讲师参加第二讲师；外语教师申报讲综合类，或根据所从事专业外语考试者。

师参加第二外语考试者。

对口报考理工、卫生类别。高级讲师、高级实习指导教师；外语教师申讲师、一级实习指导教

报高级讲师参加第二外语考试者。

师；外语教师申报讲师

综合类，或根据所从事专业

参加第二外语考试者。对口报考理工、卫生类别。

从事理工、卫生专业技术工作的，应分别选择理工、卫

高级实验师实验师生类别应试；从事其他专业技术工作的，应选择综合类别。

翻译人员申报译审、副译审参加第二外语考翻译人员申报翻译参加试者。

第二外语考试者。

综合类

从事理工类专业技术工作

农业技术推广研究员

高级农艺师、高级畜牧师、高级兽医师、高农艺师、畜牧师、兽医的，应别选择理工类别；从

级农业经济师师事其他专业技术工作的，应

选择综合类别。

高级经济师

综合类

高级会计师

综合类

高级审计师

综合类

高级统计师

综合类 18 体育教练员 19 档案 20 图书资料 21 文物博物 22 群众文化 23 艺术 24 美术 25 新闻 26 出版 27 播音 28 工艺美术 29 律师 30 公证员

国家级教练高级教练员研究馆员副研究馆员研究馆员副研究馆员研究馆员副研究馆员研究馆员

副研究馆员

一级演员（西洋唱法的歌唱演员）二级演员（西洋唱法的歌唱演员）一级美术师二级美术师高级编辑、高级记者主任编辑、主任记者

编审副编审播音指导主任播音员

高级工艺美术师一级律师二级律师一级公证员

二级公证员

教练综合类馆员综合类馆员综合类馆员综合类馆员

综合类三级演员（西洋唱法的歌唱演员）综合类三级美术师综合类记者、编辑综合类

综合类一级播音员综合类工艺美术师综合类三级律师综合类三级公证员

全国职称外语等级题篇4

评职称外语等级考试成绩有效期延长

舜网讯：时报6月22日讯今天从市人事局获悉，专业技术职称评审的最大变化是，职称外语等级考试成绩达到全国通用标准的，有效期至评审通过相应的`专业技术职务任职资格为止。申报高级(包括正高和副高级)、中级专业技术职务任职资格的，外语考试成绩一般应达到全国通用标准；外语考试成绩低于全国通用标准的，可以申报副高级、中级专业技术职务任职资格，在评审时由各评审委员会根据各系列、专业或岗位对外语条件的不同要求，科学使用外语成绩。20之前参加职称外语(古汉语)等级考试取得的合格证及考试成绩，仍按原规定执行。

此外，我市还允许取得一个职称的专业技术人员可申报评审其他职称。(记者：邵显亭)

全国职称外语等级题篇5

Passage 1

CATV is a short way of saying ”community antenna (天线) television.“ But ”cable television“ is the term most people use. Cable television allows viewers to receive TV programs that they cannot pick up with their regular antennas.

Television signals do not follow the curve (曲线) of the earth. They travel in straight lines in all directions. Signals from a TV station move toward the horizon (水平线) and then go into space. If you live only a few miles from a station, you may not get any picture at all.

CATV began in 1948. People in places far from TV stations shared the cost of putting up high antennas. A community antenna was usually placed on a hill, a mountain, or on a high tower. The antenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small local station. From the station, thick wires called cables ran out to nearby homes. Each person using the cable paid a monthly charge.

CATV worked well, and soon new uses were found for it. Local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. People along the cable could have local news, weather reports, and farm and school news at no extra charge.

Today, cable television has moved into cities. It brings in extra programs that city viewers with regular antennas cannot see. It is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.

1. From the first paragraph we know that ________.

○A. most people use cable television

○B. ”community antenna“ is another name for ”regular antenna“

○C. a community antenna is used for cable television

○D. regular antennas cannot pick up TV signals programs

2. Of the following, which is NOT the way TV signals travel?

○A. In a curve.

○B. In a straight line.

○C. In all direction.

○D. Toward the horizon.

3. Cable TV is becoming more and popular because _____________.

○A. it is free of charge

○B. it can provide more programs

○C. it provides all TV users good pictures

○D. TV sets with regular antennas can also have a good reception through CATV

4. On the whole, this passage is about ________.

○A. how to put up high antennas

○B. a way of picking up better TV programs

○C. how to use the empty channels on your TV set

○D. the way that TV signals are sent

5. From the passage we can infer that __________.

○A. TV has begun to be used for educational purposes

○B. there is no charge for CATV

○C. cable TV cannot be used in mountainous areas

○D. antennas for cable TV are usually put up in the center of a community

Passage 2

In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods.

In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometers long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs.

The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod. This device protects buildings from damage by lightning.

Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lighting contains more than 15 million volts. A spark between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.

Scientists estimate that there are about million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States along it kills an average of one person every day.

The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under trees. Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things.

With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry!

6. Lightning is really __________.

○A. weapon

○B. electricity

○C. light

○D. mystery

7. People once though that lightning came from __________.

○A. scientists

○B. ground

○C. lightning rod

○D. gods

8. One flash of lightning can produce enough electricity for ______ bulbs.

○A. 10,000

○B. 1,000

○C. 1,000,000

○D. 100

9. Benjamin Franklin ___________.

○A. made the first lightning rod

○B. invented electricity

○C. built the Empire State Building

○D. prevented Lightning from hitting cars

10. _________ is the best place to be during an electrical storm.

○A. Swimming pool

○B. a high ground

○C. Under a tree

○D. A car

Passage 3

Because of the energy crisis, scientists in the oil-consuming nations have become increasingly interested in the potential(潜在的) of solar energy. Some experts estimate that the present supply of fossil (化石) fuel will not last until the end of the twentieth century. The problem that solar energy researchers face is how to harness (利用) the sun#39;s energy effectively and inexpensively. One of the most popular methods currently being tested uses rooftop solar collectors and underground storage tanks. An advantage of a properly working system of this type is that it will not create any environmental pollution. Another advantage of using solar energy is that the cost of the fuel-the sun#39;s rays-is zero. When a solar heating system is working at maximum (最大的) efficiency, it can provide up to 80 percent of winter heating needs.

11. The main topic of this passage is __________.

○A. the shortage of fossil fuel

○B. the problems that energy researchers face

○C. an environmental pollution problem

○D. an inexpensive energy source

12. One popular solar heating system makes use of __________.

○A. roof collectors and underground storage

○B. fossil fuel conversion

○C. underground oil tanks

○D. water collection and evaporation

13. The cost of using the sun#39;s rays for heating is ___________.

○A. about the same as the cost of fossil fuels

○B. several hundred dollars per year

○C. negligible compared with other energy sources

○D. determined by the severity of the winter

14. Which of the following describes an advantage of using solar energy?

○A. There is little or no environmental pollution.

○B. A large percentage of fuel costs can be saved.

○C. Fossil fuels will become more plentiful.

○D. The oil-consuming nations will not have to import oil.

15. According to some experts, the supply of fossil fuel will not last _______.

○A. one more century

○B. an indeterminable time

○C. until the end of this century

○D. indefinitely

第二部分完成句子 (25分)

根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。

Not long ago, an airplane was flying over New Zealand. There was a television camera crew on board. Suddenly, out in the night sky, a bright sphere (球体) came into view. Everyone on board saw it and everyone though, ”UFO“-Unidentified Flying Object. The camera crew went into action and started filming. That week people all over the world saw the film of this mysterious light on their television screens. What was it? Was it a spaceship full of visitors from another planet? The captain of the aeroplane and the film crew believed it was. Other observers had many different explanations. Some said it was Venus (金星). Others said it was just a trick of light.

An air traffic controller also saw it on his radar screen. He thought that a flock of birds was causing dots on his radar screen when the ”UFO“ appeared.

Most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus. At that time of year it is very bright and easy to see. And from a moving aeroplane it can appear to be moving fast. So far there is no proof that UFOs or spaceships from other planets do exist. These years investigators of UFOs have investigated thousands of sighting-or occasions when people said they saw a UFO. Ninety per cent of these turned out to have a simple explanation.

However, it#39;s good idea to keep an open mind. Scientists in some countries are trying to persuade their governments to help them study UFOs. And they are planning to cooperate inter-nationally on reporting and investigating sightings of UFOs.

After all, it is quite possible that there is life out there in the universe. And if something is alive, it is quite possible that it will come to visit us.

16. The captain and the camera crew believed that UFO was a v spaceship from another planet.

17. Many o believed that the UFO was Venus.

18. So far there is no proof that UFOs are sp from outer space.

19. Some scientists in the world are planning to do some r on UFOs.

20. P life in the universe may try to make a visit to us.

第三部分阅读理解 (80分)

Passage 1

In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed human life on our planet, as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the universe as a whole. Maybe one of the most profound developments of the last decade is the discovery of recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to introduce genetic (遗传学的) material (or genes) from one organism into another. In its simplest form, the technology requires the isolation of a piece of DNA, either directly from the DNA of the organism under study, or artificially synthesized from an DNA. This piece of DNA is then ligated (结扎) to a fragment of bacterial DNA which has the capacity to replicate (复制) itself independently. The recombinant molecule thus produced can be introduced into the common intestinal (内部的) bacterium Escherishchia coli, which can be grown in very large amounts in synthetic media. Under proper conditions, the foreign gene will not only replicate in the bacteria, but also express itself, through the process of transcription and translation, to give rise to large amounts of the specific protein coded by the foreign gene.

The technology has already been successfully applied to the production of several therapeutically (疗法的) important biomolecules, such as, growth hormones, interferon, insulin.

Many other important applications are under detailed investigation in laboratories throughout the world.

21. Recombinant DNA technology consists primarily of ____________.

○A. producing several therapeutically important biomolecules

○B. giving rise to large amounts of protein

○C. introducing genetic material from one organism into another

○D. using a viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase

22. Recombinant DNA technology has been used in the production of all of the following biomolecules except ___________.

○A. growth hormones

○B. Escherishchia coli

○C. interferon

○D. insulin

23. Which of the following is not true?

○A. The foreign gene will replicate in the bacteria, but it will not express itself through transcription and translation.

○B. The bacterium Escherishchia coli can be grown in large amounts in synthetic media.

○C. Research continues in an effort to find other uses for this technology.

○D. Recombinant DNA technology is a recent development.

24. Expression of a gene in Escherishchia coli requires ________.

○A. the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

○B. the processes of transcription and translation

○C. production of insulin and other biomolecules

○D. that the bacteria be grown in a synthetic media

25. The term recombinant is used because ___________.

○A. by ligation, a recombinant molecule is produced, which has the capacity of replication

○B. the technique requires the combination of several types of technology

○C. by ligation, a recombinant protein is produced, part of whose amino acids come from different organism

○D. Escherishchia coli is a recombinant organism

Passage 2

Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three - dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now ominous (不祥的) development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate (使隔离) themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature having done very well by the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early halcyon (平静的) days no matter what vicissitudes (变化) it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old. Children who have just learned to speak fluently.

26. What does the passage mainly discuss?

○A. The impact of language on mathematics.

○B. Children#39;s ability to learn languages.

○C. How basic concepts of physics are learned.

○D. Math-learning strategies for babies.

27. According to the passage, which of following activities would teach a baby geometry?

○A. Picking up a wooden block.

○B. Recognizing the number 2.

○C. Uttering a nonsense word.

○D. Looking at distant objects.

28. According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to learn about sets and numbers?

○A. Six months.

○B. Nine months.

○C. Fifteen months.

○D. Eighteen months.

29. The use of the word ”ominous“ shows that the author believe the child#39;s _____.

○A. linguistic future is threatened

○B. nerves will deteriorate

○C. hearing will suffer

○D. mathematical ability all decline

30. The passage support which of the following conclusions?

○A. The language concepts used in early education interfere with mathematical reasoning.

○B. It is hopeless to try to teach children mathematics after the age of two.

○C. Language teaching should incorporate some mathematical formulas.

○D. Preschool education should stress society#39;s beliefs and conventions

第四部分概括大意 (20分)

给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。

31. The Solar E

The sun is the source of most of the heat known to us. As a direct source of heat, the sun maintains life upon this planet, 150 000 000 kilometers distant. It is also an indirect source of heat. Since the earth is derived from the sun, it is the latter that we must trace some of the earth#39;s internal heat that reveals itself through volcanoes, geysers (喷泉), and hot springs.

32. Insects and Surface T

An insect is not afraid of gravity, but it is in deadly fear of another force of nature. This force is called surface tension (张力). A man coming out of a bath carries with him a film of water about one fiftieth of an inch in thickness. This weights about a pound. A wet mouse has to carry its own weight in water. A wet fly has to lift many times its own weight, and, as everyone knows, a fly once wetted by water or any other liquid is in a very serious position indeed. An insect going for a drink is in as great danger as a man leaning over the edge of a cliff in search of food. If it once falls into the grip of the surface tension of the water - that is to say, gets wet it is likely to remain so until it drowns. A few insects contrive to be unwettable; the majority keep away from their drink by means of long proboscis (喙).

33. T of Boiling Point of Liquids

When the temperature of a liquid is raised enough, the liquid boils. This means that bubbles of vapor, containing millions of molecules form below the surface. In order for such bubbles to be produced, the pressure of the vapor inside them must be equal to the pressure of the air upon the surface of the liquid. If the air pressure is greater, the bubble will collapse. The boiling point of a liquid, then, is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure upon the liquid at the surface.

34. E and Contraction

Solids also expand with increase in temperature and contract when cooled. But they do not behave quite so uniformly (相同地) in this respect as liquids and gases do, particularly in the case of wide variations, in temperature. Most solids expend or contract by a definite amount for every degree of the temperature that rises or falls. The amount by which on substance expands and contracts for one degree is not usually the same as that for a different substance. Thus, for a given rise in temperature, a piece of brass expands at little more than a piece of copper and much more than a piece of steel of the same size.

35. A of Electric Trains

Electric trains have many advantages over those drawn by steam engines. There is no smoke to soil the passengers#39; clothes and the cushions in the train. Because they carry no heavy loads of coal and water, these trains can start and stop with less waste of power. In a station they are silent: there#39;s no steam to produce noise to deafen the passengers.

第五部分阅读理解 (120分)

Passage 1

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror…the glass in the roof a green house which allows the sun#39;s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

According to a weather expert#39;s prediction, the atmosphere will be 7oC warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice capes in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth#39;s chief food-growing zones.

In the past, concern about a man - made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon Dioxide warms the earth.

However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is. Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather?

One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and ”cold“ spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or ”colder“ faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable affect on the distribution of the earth#39;s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar - weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a default of thousands of yeas while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth#39;s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter - balance to the suns diminishing heat.

36. It can concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ____________.

○A. prevent the sun#39;s rays from reaching the earth#39;s surface

○B. mean a warming up in the Arctic

○C. account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

○D. raise the temperature of the earth#39;s surface

37. The article was written to explain _________.

○A. the greenhouse effect

○B. the solar effects on the earth

○C. the models of solar-weather in traction#39;s

○D. the causes affecting weather

38. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ________.

○A. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising