高中英语写作万能句子

高中英语写作万能句子（精选7篇）

高中英语写作万能句子篇1

5)Shall we do this? Not necessary the case.6)***, and vice versa indeed.7)On the contrary, in spite of these increase*** 8)Compared with A, B has many advantages such as*** 9)Not so much*** as he had talked about.10)***, the truth of the matter, however, is that*** 11)For some, the way maybe right, nevertheless, for many others*** 12)As everything going to the extreme has its negative aspects, so has*** 13)It is fairly well know that***however, it is less know that*** 14)***, but this was not always the case.15)At first, ***different in their opinions, on secon

d thoughts, however, all of them agree to*** 16)None the less(尽管如此)*** 17)When people succeed, it is because of hard work, however, luck has a lot to do with it too.18)***, sometimes it isn’t totally the case, however.19)Do some A else but B.五．名理句型 1)It is usually the case that *** 2)It is plain common sense---the more/less***the more/less*** 3)The serious reality had taught us a lesson : not being environment friendly will be avenged mercilessly.4)As a proverb says/as is known to all/as a popular saying goes, *** 5)I can think of no better illustration than an English poem/adage which goes like this:*** 6)The old story of***can serve as a good illustration that*** 六．强调句型 1)With/due to/spurred by***we can certainly cope with any task we are faced with, that is, *** 2)The reason why***is no other than***as I know.3)The same thing is true with*** 4)What I want to point out is that, for a person who wants to be successful in life and to be useful in society, he will have to learn to be both A and B.5)What a wonderful picture? Especially for we students always swimming in the sea of books!6)It’s high time that immediate measures were taken to better the strength and face the challenges.7)Before everything else, ***is the secret of success.七．图表句型 1)From the figures/statistics given in the table it can be seen/noticed that*** 2)From the graph/table/diagram/chart above, we can see that***obviously.3)As show in the chart/by the graph*** 4)Have you ever anticipated the prospects of***in the coming decades? Let us just take a look at the figures of***as shown in the graph above.5)The gap between***and***will be further widened.6)In face of increasingly serious shortage of energy, we should take effective measures/which of the measures we should take? 7)It is clear that the increase of percentage gets greater and greater.8)By***, the number of***had less/more than doubled/tripled compared with that of*** 9)短语：made up about***/the figure amounted to/will rise to/will reach/will double that/will tripled that 另外，文章结尾也很重要，它的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种： 1．首尾呼应，画龙点睛在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her”(我忘不了她)的结尾： After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life.I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.2．重复主题句结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾： I love my home town, and I love its people.They too have changed.They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.3.自然结尾随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾： I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more.Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun.We returned home very late.4．含蓄性的结尾用比喻

高中英语写作万能句子篇2

一、植入法

这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后, 结合一定的语法知识, 按照句子的结构特点, 直接用英语套用相应句型。

例:Don't get the idea that there's such a thing as a free ride. (不要以为有免费的午餐。)

二、还原法

即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。

例:It was because he loved my money that he married me. (他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。)

还原为非强调句:Because he loved my money, he married me.

再如:So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. (光速很快, 我们几乎没法想像它的速度。)

还原为正常语序:Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.

三、分解法

就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了, 又能减少写错句子的几率。

例:There are students here from all over thecountry.Many of them are from the North. (从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。)

四、合并法

就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力, 同时也最能提高文章的可读性。

例:Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost. (我们迷路了, 这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。)

五、移位法

由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异, 根据表达的需要, 某些成分需要前置或后移。

例:The man who told me this refused to tell me his name. (告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。)

who told me this为修饰the man的定语从句, 应置于其后。

六、分析法

指根据要表示的汉语意思, 通过进行语法分析和句式判断, 然后写出准确地道的英语句子。

例:Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. (从这个角度看, 问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。)

分析:分词短语作状语时, 其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致, 由于the matter与sec之间为被动关系, 故see要用过去分词seen。

七、意译法

有的同学在写句子时, 一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达, 就以为是“山穷水尽”了。其实, 此时我们可以设法绕开难点, 在保持原意的基础上, 用不同的表达方式写出来。

例:You can go with us or stay athome, whichever you choose. (你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中, 悉听尊便。)

为了更好地增强英语句子的表现力, 写作时要注意以下几点:

(一) 避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。

1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。

例:The trees are bare.The grass is brown.The landscape seems drab.

可改为:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (转换为前置定语)

或:The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (转换为并列结构作后置定语)

2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。

例:The team members are good players.

可改为:The team members play well.

3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中, 把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。

例:There is no opportunity for promotion.

可改为:No opportunity for promotion exists.

(二) 多用语意具体的动词, 保持句意简洁明了。

例:She is a careful shopper.

可改为:She compares prices and quality.

(三) 尽量使用主动语态。

例:The organization has been supported by charity.

可改为:Charity has supported the organization.

(四) 避免使用语意冗长累赘的词语。

例:My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.

可改为:My little sister prefers chocolate milk.

(五) 避免使用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。

例:They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.

可改为:They will not agree to any of his proposals.

参考文献

[1]单其昌主编:《汉英翻译技巧》, 北京外语教学与研究出版社, 1990年。

巧用“万能”句型，润色基础写作篇3

通过实践归纳，笔者总结出写作中使用频率高、套用范围广的语法及句型，建议考生在写作时优先考虑使用这些“万能”句型，丰富文采。本文将以2010、2011和2012年三年广东高考英语基础写作为例，探讨一下如何整合句子以及润色句子。

笔者归纳的常用整合句子方法如下：

一、定语从句

适用范围：被描述的对象是人、物、时间或地点，且是名词成分时，通常会作为定语从句的先行词，通过定语从句进一步描述该对象。

1. The number of the smokers has already reached 350 million, among which the males hold 75% and the females hold 25%. [2010年广东高考，写作要点——相关数据：(1)吸烟人数：约35亿 (2)分布：男性75％；女性25％”]

2. Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, whose writer is Amy Chua, a Chinese American and professor at Yale University, was published in 2010. [2011年广东高考，写作要点——(1)书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother；(2)作者：Amy Chua，美籍华人，耶鲁大学教授；(3)出版时间：2010年]

二、非谓语动词

适用范围：中文翻译中有合适的动词可作非谓语使用，与句中谓语动词构成并列、伴随等关系。非谓语动词常可由定语从句改写而来，为避免句型单一，若一篇文章中多次使用了定语从句，可考虑把其中一个定语从句改写为非谓语动词短语，反之亦然。

1. My country begins to carry out the policy aiming to forbid smoking in public buildings since January 1st, 2011. [2010年广东高考，写作要点——内容：公共场所禁烟；实施时间：2011年1月1日起；实施范围：全国]

2. Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, written by Amy Chua, a Chinese American and professor at Yale University, was published in 2010. [2011年广东高考，写作要点——(1)书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother；(2)作者：Amy Chua，美籍华人，耶鲁大学教授；(3)出版时间：2010年]

三、状语从句

适用范围：根据因果、时间、条件、让步等逻辑关系，选择适当的连词，连接主、从句的内容。

1. More than 100 thousand people per year die because they are terribly influenced by the second smoke around. [2010年广东高考，写作要点——相关数据 (4)因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万／年”]

2. Surprisingly, most Chinese mothers do not agree with Amy Chua although her 17-year-old elder daughter was recently reported to have been admitted to both Harvard and Yale. [2011年广东高考，写作要点——相关报道：⑵意外反应：多数中国妈妈不赞同作者的做法；⑶最新消息：17岁的大女儿已被哈佛大学和耶鲁大学录取]

四、“so / such +adj./ adv. + that…”结构

适用范围：中文写作内容中涉及相关形容词或副词（或可根据中文写作内容合理增加形容词或副词），并通过该句型表示目的、因果等。

1. About 540 million non-smokers are so severely affected that every year more than 100 thousand people die of second smoke. (2010年广东高考，写作要点——相关数据 (3)受二手烟影响人数：约5 4亿 (4)因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万／年”)

2. The debate was so heated that people began to argue about which way of parenting was better, the traditional way or the American way. (2011年广东高考，写作要点——基本信息：⑸效应：引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论)

五、“with”结构

指with引出的介词短语或“with+宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。

适用范围：对话题进行补充，或与主句构成伴随关系。

1. With the aim of freeing people from smoke in every public room, the government has taken action to post the sign of preventing smoking. [2010年广东高考，写作要点——目标：所有室内公共场所无烟；措施：张贴禁烟标志”]

英语作文万能写作模版篇4

开头部分: How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr.9th.I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.结尾部分:

With best wishes.I’m looking forward to your reply.I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.二、口头通知

呼语及开场白部分:

Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.正文部分: All the teachers and students are required to attend it.Please take your notebooks and make notes.Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.Please come on time and don’t be late.结束语部分: Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope you’ll have a nice time here.That’s all.Thank you.三、议论文

1.正反观点式议论文

导入:

第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)正文:

第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the reasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段:However, the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)

Their reasons are as follows.In the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)结论:

第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)オ

2.“A或者B”类议论文模板: 导入:

第1段: Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文:

第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A.The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)结论:

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出结论)オ

3.观点论述类议论文模板: 导入: 第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过渡句，承上启下)正文:

第2段:First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)结论:

第3段:In conclusion, I believe that...(照应第1段，构成“总-分-总”结构)4.“How to”类议论文模板: 导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文:

第2段: Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take.But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

四、图表作文

The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点.This means that as(进一步说明).We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一.After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化，the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化).The figures also tell us that图表细节二.In the column, we can see that accounts for(进一步描述).Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that(结论).The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that(给出原因)./ It is high time that we(发出倡议).五、图画类

1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...2.衔接句

As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.3.结尾句

中考英语作文万能句子篇5

一

词…..the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 例句主： + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)

Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二

词 Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more ++ than to + V 例句形容：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事

三 ~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。）例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四 There is no denying that + S + V...（不可否认的……）：There is no denyingthat the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五 It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~（全世界都知道……）It is common knowledge that +句子~~例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六 There is no doubt that + 句子~~（毫无疑问的……）例句：There is no doubt that oureducational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七 An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子（……的优点是…例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create(produce)any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八 The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（……的原因是……）The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九So +形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子（如此……以致于……）例句：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十 Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~（虽然……）：

Rich as our country is,the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.(by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不)虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意

十

（一愈 The + more + Adj + S + V,the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~……愈……）例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问

十二By +Ving, ~~ can ~~（借着……，能够……）例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

高中英语写作万能句子篇6

段首句Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4现在，„„很普遍，许多人喜欢„„，因为„„，另外（而且）„„。

Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.关于„„人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）„„，在他们看来，„„

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题„„，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.„„已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.„„在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出„„。很显然„„，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?

中间段落句

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决„„的好方法，比如„„。最糟糕的是„„。

But I don“t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.3.„„对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，„„。而且„„，最重要的是„„

______is necessary and important to our country”s development and construction.First，______.What“s more, _____.Most important of all,______.4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以„„。There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临„„，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来„„。一方面„„，另一方面，Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another，______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说„„，另外„„。所有这些方法肯定会„„。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.7.为什么„„？第一个原因是„„；第二个原因是„„；第三个原因是„„。总的来说，„„的主要原因是由于„„

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，„„也有它的不利的一面，象„„。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信„„更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意„„这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）结尾句

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为„„

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____.2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注„„这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来„„。In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.3.但是，„„和„„都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，„„，而„„。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）„„But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.4.就我个人而言，我相信„„，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为„„Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.5.随着社会的发展，„„。因此，迫切需要„„。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。With the development of society, ______.So it”s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为„„更合理。只有这样，我们才能„„

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.7.对我来说，我认为有必要„„。原因如下：第一，„„；第二，„„；最后„„但同样重要的是„„

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.8.在总体上很难说„„是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于„„的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现„„。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______.9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论„„

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是„„

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.英语作文万能模板

一、英语书信的常见写作模板

开头部分：How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr.9th.I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.结尾部分：

With best wishes.I’m looking forward to your reply.I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier

二、口头通知常见写作模板

呼语及开场白部分：Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.正文部分：

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.Please take your notebooks and make notes.Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.Please come on time and don’t be late.结束语部分：

Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope you’ll have a nice time here.That’s all.Thank you.三、议论文模板

1.正反观点式议论文模板

导入：

第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...（导入话题）Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）

正文：

第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）

Here are the reasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.（反方观点）

Their reasons are as follows.In the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论：

第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点）オ

2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文：

第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A.The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)

结论：

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出结论)オ

3.观点论述类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.（亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）The reasons for this may be listed as follows.（过渡句，承上启下）

正文：

第2段：First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论：

第3段：In conclusion, I believe that...（照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构）

4.“How to”类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文：

第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论：

高中英语写作万能句子篇7

一、壮族学生英语学习的背景

对于壮族中学生而言, 壮语是他们的母语;汉语是他们接受教育的语言, 属于第二外语;而英语只是一门学校开设的科目, 并不是日常交流的语言, 因此英语只是一门外语。此外, 他们是以汉语为媒介来学习英语的。他们英语学习经历以下过程:壮语—汉语—英语。

二、语言的迁移

迁移是“在一种情景中技能、知识和理解的获得或态度的形成对另一种情景中的技能、知识和理解的获得或态度的形成的影响” (James 2001) 。壮族学生的母语必然会对英语的学习会造成影响。两者相似的地方将会促进英语的学习, 产生正迁移 (positive transfer) ;而两者有差异的地方会给学生的英语学习带来困难, 造成负迁移 (negative transfer) 。母语负迁移是学生的写作错误的主要原因。

三、壮族学生句法层面错误的分析

壮族初中生在写作时用壮语中的句法组织的规则和英语词汇来构建句子。这种将壮语结构作为语言组织和处理的根本原则的倾向反映在他们的写作错误上

(一) 省略

英语是一种形合的语言, 句子之间的关系主要是通过语法手段来表示的。在其书面语中, 省略现象十分罕见。而壮语是一种意合的语言, 句子之间的语法和逻辑关系主要通过语义来表明。为了意义表达, 句子的任何成分都可以省略。这种本质上的区别是造成壮族初中生的英语写作中省略现象的主要原因。

1.主语的省略

英语属于主语突出的语言 (subject-prominent language) , 主语通常位于句首, 是句子中必不可少的一部分, 并且只有名词或者名词性短语才能充当主语。在英语中, 一个句子往往会要求有明显的主语。壮语则是主题突出的语言 (topic-prominent language) , 位于句首的往往是句子的主题, 而不一定是主语。在壮语中可以充当主语的成分很多, 主语可以是名词短语、动词短语、介词短语、形容词、表示时间的短语等等, 并且在很多主题结构中主语可以省略。因此, 受到壮语主题结构的影响, 壮族学生往往将主题当作主语, 省略了真正的主语。

Sunday visit the theme park.

在这个句子中, 学生将表示时间的短语Sunday当做主语, 正确的说法应该为“I visited the theme park on Sunday.”

2.be的省略

在壮语中也存在系动词“dwg”, 但与英语不同的是在表示肯定判断的简单句中可以省略。

壮语:Guo lwgnyez. (I teacher)

Guo dwg lwgnyez. (I am teacher)

英语:I am a teacher.

由于母语的影响, 壮族学生在英语写作中经常会省略系动词“be”, 出现以下错误:It interesting place. (It is an interesting place.)

(二) 一致

壮语是不发生曲折变化的语言, 其语法关系主要是由词序或者独立的语法助词来表示, 所以并不存在主谓一致的语法概念。而在英语中, 语法关系主要是通过增加词缀或者动词本身的曲折变化来表示, 动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。壮族学生因为母语的影响, 往往会忽略动词与主语保持一致, 出现以下错误:Mr.Chen like playing basketball. (Mr.Chen likes playing basketball.)

“Mr.Chen”是第三人称单数, 动词要加上词缀“-s”。

(三) 词序

英语的基本词序是SVO, 词序比较固定。壮语的词序则比较灵活既有SVO也有SOV, 壮语的词序主要上取决于语用和语义而不是语法。壮族学生在词序上的错误主要表现在以下几个方面。

1.形容词副词的语序

在名词短语和动词短语中, 壮语是“A (中心词) +B (修饰词) ”的顺行结构, 二英语则是“B (修饰词) +A (中心词) ”的逆行结构。

这种词序上的差异也会造成壮族学生的写作错误:

It is a place beautiful. (It is a beautiful place.)

Mr Lei has hair black. (Mr Lei has black hair.)

2.直接宾语和间接宾语的语序

在壮语中直接宾语与间接宾语的语序是“S+V+OD+OI”英语的语序则是“S+V+OI+OD”

壮语:De soengq saw hawj gou (He give two book me)

英语:He gives me two books.