语文中介词的分类和用法(共8篇)
aboveprep.(表示程度)超过;(表示等级)在…之上;(表示位置)在…正上方;(表示比较)优于;adv.在上面;以上;上述;n.上述;adj.上述的;
underprep.在…下面,在表面之下;在…的假定表面或掩饰下;少于,小于;在…情况下;adv.在下面;少于;在水下;在昏迷中;adj.较低的,下面的;
besideprep.不中(目标),不对(题),与…无关;(表示排斥)除…之外;(表示位置)在…旁边,在…一侧,在…附近;(表示关系)与…无关,和…相比,比起…来,比得上;
behindprep.(表示位置)在…的后面;支持;(表示顺序)在身后;(表示比较)落后于;adv.在后面;向后;在后面较远处;(落)在后面;
acrossprep.穿过;横穿,横过;与…交叉;在…对面;adv.横过,越过;在对面;交叉;斜对面;
inprep.采用(某种方式);穿着,带着;(表示位置)在…里面,(表示领域,范围)在…以内;(表示品质、能力等)在…之中;adv.在家;进入,到达;流行;当选;adj.在内的,朝内的;在位的,执政的;[口语]流行的,时髦的;(车等)到站的;n.执政党,掌权者;知情者;<美口>入口,门路;<体>(板球或棒球)攻球的一方;fromprep.(表示时间)从…;(表示原因)因为;(表示来源)来自…;(表示分离)与…分离[隔开];
forprep.为,为了;倾向于;关于;当作;conj.因为,由于;
onprep.(表示方向)向;(表示对象)对;(表示位置)在…上;(表示时间)在…之时;adv.(放,穿,连接)上;向前,(继续)下去;adj.活动着的情况,状态;使用着的;发生着的;计划中的;
ofprep.关于;属于…的;由…制成;aux.助动词[非标准用语、方言] =have [主用于虚拟语气];
byprep.靠,通过;被,由;沿着;按照;adv.经过,过去;在侧,在附近;短暂拜访;atprep.(表示位置)在;在(某时间或时刻);以,达;向,朝;
这些都是定语从句里面,由which引导的定语从句,介词提前。
in which可以翻译成在XX里面
for which可以翻译成为了XX目的on which可以翻译成在XX的上面,或具体时间的某一天
at which可以翻译成在XX里面,或在XX上面
这些介词的使用除了意思上的区别,具体是要以which引导的从句而定的。
例如:
(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.= The school in which he once studied is very famous.(2)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(3)I have a dresser in my bedroom, which there are many cosmetics on.= I have a dresser in my bedroom on which there are many cosmetics.(4)The dumpling House which he often has dumplings at is very popular.= The dumpling House is very popular, at which he often has dumplings.当然这只是介词作为基本意思的用法,还有一些固定搭配,得具体情况具体分析。
例如:
The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting.(固定搭配:in the case)
The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard.(固定搭配:at the point)
Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.(固定搭配:for the reason)
The film at which I fell asleep was very boring.(Here “at which” is based on “fell asleep at the film”因为电影无聊而睡觉。)
The little creature in which scientists are interested is known as ET.(这里“be interested in”是词组原因)
This is the book for which he is looking.(即等于This is the book which he is looking for,这主要是因为look for 这一短语)
例题:1.I can’t believe that the restaurant, ______ I have eaten such wonderful meal, is going to be close down.A.whereB.at whichC.about which
【解答】选B。这个是非限制性定语从句,at which在功能上等于where,但就本题而言只能选at which。因为at which I have eaten such wonderful meal是一个插入语,where固然可以引导,但是由于前面有了一个逗号,就只能用at which了。“我难以相信我曾经在里面美美地吃过几顿大餐的饭店就要关张了。”非限制性定语从句主要就是先行词+逗号“,”+介词+which或者是先行词+逗号“,”+which,它和限定性定语从句的最显著区别一个是有逗号,一个是非限制定语从句总有which。
2.Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in near future.A.on whichB.by whichC.to whichD.from
which【解答】选C。return to其实,应该来说,就是一个固定搭配了,解释为回归到,但是呢,如果要说意思的话,也是说得通的,就是把句子换一换语序你就可以看出来了。“we may return to wind power in near future.”也就是说,看到prep.+ which
这种形式,就可以直接把它扔到动词后面,然后在进行选择,看缺少哪个介词。3.We have gathered nearly 100,000 quilts,_____up to half have gone to flood-hit areas.A.with whichB.in whichC.for which
D.of which
【解答】选D。
这里的which指的是,nearly 100,000 quilts(被褥),也就是说,后半句的主语是在这nearly 100,000 quilts里面的up to half。
例:
I don’t know the reason why/for which he did it.The reason why/for which he was fired was not clear.There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.亚洲有很多国家,中国是最大的一个。
附:whose和 of which的区别
1.关系代词whose,引导定语从句时,既可指人,又可指物,在从句中只能作定语;of whom只能指人;of which只能指物,有时whose可以与of whom和of which互换使用。
如:
The girl whose hair is golden is from England.头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。
The house whose doors(of which the doors)are green is an office building.门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。
2.“介词 + whose +名词”引导定语从句。
如:
I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.我爱我的祖国,为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。
3.在下列情况下,一般只用of whom和of which。
(1)定语从句的主语是few, little, some, most, many, much等时,一般只用of whom和of which。
In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know.房间里有很多人,很多人我不认识。
He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.他有很多故事书,有几本故事书我还从未看过。
(2)定语从句的主语是数
词、形容词的最高级时,一般只用of whom和of which。如:The old man has three children, two of whom are college
students and one of whom is a manager.那个老人有三个小孩,其中两个是大学生,另一个是经理。(3)定语从句的主语是
all, none, both, neither, each等不定代词时,一般只用of whom和of which。如:There are fifty students in our
class, all of whom are working hard.我们班有五十个学生,所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦。He planted two trees last
year, both of which are growing well.去年他栽了两棵树,这两棵树都长得好。
(4)在定语从句中作表语的定语时,一般只用of whom和of which。
如:
He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.它有三兄弟,李雷是他们中最小的一个。
There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.亚洲有很多国家,中
国是最大的一个。
(5)形式不同。如:The house windows face south is our reading-room.A.of whichB.whoseC.whichD.its
【解答】此题正确答案是B,不能选择A。选择of which时应在名词前加上定冠词the,也就是名词前有the就只能用of which。如果名词前没有冠词,就用whose。
若上题改为The housethe windows face south is our reading-room,则此题只能选A不能选B了。
(6)of which除了可以表示所属关系外,还可以用来表示整体的关系,而whose则不能。
例:
He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.第一句中的of which就可以用whose来代替,因为这个句子中of是用来表示所属关系的。可改写成:He borrowed a book whose author was a peasant.而第二句中的of which不能用whose代替,因为这个句子中的of不是表示所属关系,而是表示整体与部分的关系。
(7)引导非限制性定语从句多用whose,而很少用表示所属关系的介词of加上关系代词which。
如: There is a mysterious lake at the foot of the hill, whose depth has never been measured.山脚下有个神秘的湖,其深度从未被测量过。
如介词of不表示所属关系,而是用来表示整体与部分的关系,此时就经常引导非限制性定语从句了。
如:
There are 102 elements found in nature, of which most are metals.The story about Long March, of which this is one example, are well written.I’d like a car whose front lights are big and round.I’d like a car, the front lights of which are big and round.The book, the cover of which is broken, is not mine.The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine.How to distinguish the distinct distinctions between Which and In which
distinguish A from B 中的distinguish是vt.A是所选的,B是摒弃掉的。A为主,B为次;
distinguish between A and B中的distinguish是vi.A与B都是要区分识别的,平级。
which 用于定语从句,作关系代词,在句中要做成分
in which 用于定语从句,作关系副词,在句中不做成分,in which = where
只要把握好了which,就能消除困惑。
示例:
This is the city where / in which I met John.此处的which指the city,去掉in,the city 就变成了主语,跟之后的I产生主语冲突,一山不容二虎就是这个道理,去掉in后,大致是这个样子的。
例句:
Our teacher was sitting by the window.
我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。
二、by+时间名词。意为:“到…时(已发生某事),此时谓语多用完成时;最晚、不迟于…,在…之前”。
例句:
I shall be back by 5 o’clock.
我最迟五点回来。
三、by+v.-ing结构。意为“通过……,以……的`方式”。
例句:
Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.
身体是靠锻炼强壮的,同样,大脑是靠学习开发的。
四、by+人称代词宾格,意为“经过”。
例句:
He walked by me without saying a word.
他走过我的身旁,没有说话。
五、by+人,意为“被;由”。
例句:
The movie is loved by people all over Asia.
那个电影被全亚洲人喜爱。
六、by+地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径,意为:“通过(某物、某地),取道…”。
例句:
The man entered the room by the back door.
那人通过后门进入了房间。
七、by的常用短语
Study by heart 用心学
little by little 渐渐地
one by one 逐一
by chance 碰巧,偶然
by the river 在河边
by mistake 错误地
by nature 天生的
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。
如: Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.
上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。
如: Japan is/lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。
如: Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
蒙古国位于中国北边。
♥表示计量的介词:at, for, by
1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。
如: It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.
它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price.
我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。
如: He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百元把车卖了。
注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。
如: They paid him by the month.
他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight.
在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
♥表示材料的介词:of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。
如: This box is made of paper.
这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from成品已看不出原料。
如: Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in表示用某种材料或语言。
如: Please fill in the form in pencil first.
请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English.
他们用英语交谈。
注意: in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。
请比较: draw in pencil 与draw with a pencil.
♥表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on
1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。
如:by bus 乘公共汽车
by e-mail. 通过电子邮件
注意: 表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。
请比较: I went there by bus/in a bus.
我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
2. with表示“用某种工具”。
如:He broke the window with a stone.
他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意: with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
3. on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
如:They talked on the telephone.
他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
她通过收音机/电视学英语。
♥表示关于的介词:of , about,on
1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
如: He spoke of the film the other day.
他前几天提到了这部影片。
He thought about this matter yesterday.
他昨天考虑了这件事。
2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
如: Can you tell me something about yourself?
你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。
如: It’s a textbook on the history of china.
它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
♥表原因或理由的介词:for, at,from,of, with, by,because of
1. for表示原因,常与sorry,famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。
如: I am sorry for what I said to you.
我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
2. at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。
如: He was surprised at the news.
听到这消息他大吃一惊。
3. from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。
如: He died from the wound.
他因受伤而致死。
4. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。
如: The old man died of hunger.
老人死于饥饿。
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
如: Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
He was shaking with anger.
他气得浑身发抖。
6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
如:Her body was bent by age.
他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.
我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。
如: He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
他上个月因病退休了!
8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
如: Owing to the rain they could not come.
由于下雨他们没来。
9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。
如: Thanks to John, we won the game.
多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。
10. out of表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。
如: He asked the question out of curiosity.
他出于好奇才问了那个问题。
11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。
如: The war was lost through bad organization.
战争因组织不周而失败了。
♥表示好像或当作的介词:like, as
1. like表示“像……一样”,其实不是。
如: Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.
彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。
2. as表示“作为,以……身份”,其实也是。
如:He talked to me as a father.
他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
注: as作连词时,可表示“好像……”。
如:The work is not so difficult as you imagine.
这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
♥表示支持或反对的介词:against,for
against反对,for支持,互为反义词。
如: Are you for my idea or against it?
你赞同还是反对我的想法?
表示除某人某物外的介词:besides, except
1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外,还”。
如: Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影。(他和另外30人都去了)
He is interested in tennis besides(=as wellas)football.
除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。
2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。
如: Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
注意:
(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用;若与other连用,只能用besides。
如: He had other people to take care of besides me.
除我之外,他还要照顾别人。
(B) except是排除同类;而except for是排除非同类,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加上修正。
如: The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几处拼写错误之外,这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)
但except for也可代替except,特别是在句首时,因为except是不能用于句首的。
如: Except George, you can all go.
at+点时间,最小的时间 就是几点几分,比如7:00-at seven,比如9:15-at a quarter past nine
on+天时间,比点时间大 就是哪一天,比如8月8日-on August 8th, ,比如在星期一-on Monday
in+短时间,最大的`时间,是指一个时间段,什么几天啦,几星期啦,几个月啊,几年啦,还有在春夏秋冬四个季度啦,比如in spring
第二阶段:(三长两短)
“三长”指3个长单词(moring,afternoon,eveving),他们前面用in the,比如:in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening
“两短”指2个短单词(night,noon),他们前面用at,比如at noon,at night
第三阶段:(“三长两短”被修饰)
【2014铜仁】—How can we protect ourselves _______ the earthquake?
—We should stay calm first.A.withB.aboutC.forD.from
【答案】D
【2014铜仁】We’ll play basketball _______ Class 3 tomorrow.A.overB.againstC.toD.for
【答案】B
【2014连云港】—A person’s life is like a roadlots of difficulties.—Yes, so we need positive energy.A.byB.withC.alongD.during
【答案】B新 课标第一 网
【2014长沙】Mother’s Day is _______ the second Sunday in May in the United States.A.onB.inC.at
【答案】A
【2014河北】You see, Kevin is writing ______ his left hand.A.atB.asC.forD.with
【答案】D
【2014河南】A conversation _______ a wise person is worth ten years’ study of books.A.forB.likeC.withD.to
【答案】C
【解析】 考查介词的词义辨析。本题句意为:听君一席话,胜读十年书。分析句子结构可知,“A conversation _______ a wise person”在句中作主语,a wise person在此表示谈话的对象,所以应用介词with表达。故选C项。
【2014北京】I sometimes help my mom with her housework ______ Saturdays.A.atB.inC.onD.to
【答案】C
【2014南京】Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened ______ March in Fujiabian
Modern
Agricultural Park this year.A.onB.atC.inD.to
【答案】C
【2014鄂州】—She sold her treasures to cure her mother’s illness, even though it was
her own wishes.—It’s so kind _____ her.A.against;ofB.above;ofC.on;forD.for;for
【答案】A
【2014扬州】—This problem is far ______ me, I’m afraid I can’t work it out.—Don’t worry, we will help you.A.beyondB.besideC.behindD.between
【答案】A
【2014昆明】Teenagers should be encouraged to go ______ and be close to nature.A.insideB.backC.outsideD.off 【答案】C
【2014湖北咸宁】—What’s the most important morning news on CCTV today?—The Chinese government warned Japan _____ do harm to
China’s
territorial sovereignty(领土主权)again and again.A.to notB.didn’tC.not toD.do not
【答案】C
【2014重庆市A】Mr.Green’s office is _______ the 26th floor.You can take the life there.xk|b|1
A.atB.inC.onD.for
【答案】C
【2014安徽】______ the exam, we’ll say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as ourbeautiful school.A.InB.ForC.AfterD.Through
【答案】C
【2014重庆市B】—What time do you usually go to school, Jack?
—_______ about half past seven.A.OnB.InC.AtD.For
【答案】C
【2014杭州】They usually go shopping ____ their lunch break.A.againstB.amongC.betweenD.during
【答案】D
【2014呼和浩特】—What would you like _______ your afternoon tea?—Just a cup of coffee _______ some sugar and milk.A.of;withB.of;withoutC.for;withD.for;without
【答案】C
【2014烟台】—Would you please tell me the way to the Pacific Hotel?x k b 1.c o m
—Go ______ the post office, and you will find it on the left.A.passB.pastC.to passD.passed
【答案】B
【2014济宁】Meimei is a beautiful girl _______ big eyes and dark hair.A.inB.onC.atD.with【答案】D
【2014东营】On May 10th, a horse was found running happily _______ the busy street in
Beijing.A.atB.ofC.inD.from
【答案】C
【2014苏州】The castle stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the river.A.toB.forC.OffD.out
【答案】C
【2014天津】Cambridge is a small city _______ the east of England.A.betweenB.withC.inD.under
【答案】C
【2014】Mom always tells me that nothing can be learned ______ hard work.A.withB.byC.forD.without
【答案】D
【2014嘉兴】Some workers in that factory have to work _______ night.A.atB.forC.withD.among
【答案】A
【2014丽水】______ all his pocket money, Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother’s Day.[来源:学,科,网]
A.WithB.ForC.ByD.In
【答案】
【2014威海】We’re leaving tomorrow.We will be away _______ next Friday.A.fromB.untilC.onD.since
【答案】B
【2014滨州】A ship from South Korea sank into the sea _______ April 16, 2014.A.inB.onC.atD.for
【答案】B
【2014菏泽】It is believed that _______ December 21, 1891, the first basketball
game in history was played.A.onB.inC.atD.by
【答案】A
【2014聊城】—How soon will his father come back from London?
—_______ a week.A.SinceB.InC.AtD.On
【答案】Bww w.x k b 1.c o m
【2014临沂】Now, people regard drinking tea _______ a culture than a habit.A.asB.byC.ofD.with
【答案】Ax_k_b_1
【2014潍坊】—What can I do for you?
—I hope I have a nice house _______ a big garden.A.ofB.withC.fromD.about
【答案】B
……不但……而且…… 例:地球上不但有氧气,而且还有氮气。
……不仅……还…… 例:博尔特不仅夺得了金牌,还打破了世界纪录。
……不但不……反而……
……连……也……
……何况……
……甚至……
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
数词的用法
1)倍数表示法
a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
2)分数表示法
构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths
六、形容词及其用法
形容词(adjective),简称adj.或a.,很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。
形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
something nice
以-ly结尾的形容词
1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.
用形容词表示类别和整体
某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词
a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school
七、副词及其基本用法
副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。
副词的排列顺序:
时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don’t know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.
兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是“近”; closely 意思是“仔细地”
He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.
2)late 与lately
late意思是“晚”; lately 意思是“最近”
You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?
形容词与副词的比较级
八、动词
动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词。 及物动词 vt. 字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。 及物动词: 又称“他动词”。又称“外动词”。动词的一种。它所表示的动作常涉及动作者以外的事物,如“吃”、“穿”、“读”、“写”等。字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。
不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了
系动词
1)状态系动词:用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher.
2)持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。
3)表像系动词:用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired.他看起来很累。
4)感官系动词:感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.
5)变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。
6)终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意,例如:The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。
九、连词
连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。
not…but… 意思为“不是……而是……” not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.
比较so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]
so foolish ;such a fool so nice a flower;such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers;such nice flowers so much/little money;such rapid progress
so many people ;such a lot of people
十、介词
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词,
概念:
1)介词(是prepositions,简称prep),又称前置词,是英语中最活跃的词类之一,连接主语和表语。特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强,可以用来表示各种不同的意思。英语里大部分习语都是由介词和其他词构成的。介词在句中一般不重读。在定语从句“介词+who/which”的结构中,不能用that 代替who/which。She is a good student from who we should learn.
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