高考英语作文:开头和结尾(精选7篇)
一:开头
句子的开头方式,不要一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词做状语等。
〔原文〕We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.
〔修正〕Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.
〔原文〕The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.
〔修正〕Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.
二、结尾
1、 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that……(比如说到和谐社会 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that we should build our society a harmonious society.)
2、 Therefore, it’s not difficult to draw a conclusion that……
3、 As a result , we should take effective measures to do sth.(我们必须采取一些有效的措施来做些什么)
4、 From what has been discussed above , we may conclude that ……
5、 Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
一些用法:
1、 陈述个人的观点
It is alleged that(据说)
In my view, both sides are partly right(两方面都部分的正确)
As far as I am concerned(就我而言)
As regards to me
My own point of view is that……
Personally, I believe that……
My experience tells me that……
The invention of the handset, I dare to say, turns out to be a tremendous hit.
The application of web sites, I dare to say, turns out to be a greatly hit.
It comes as no surprise that Chinese economy becomes increasingly hot.
2、 陈述别人的观点
Other individuals, however, take the attitude that……
(错误的观点)sb is under the false belief that……
3、 图表作文
The table showsindicates reveals that ……(表明、暗示、揭示)
According to the statistics showing in that graph, we can easliy seefound……(根据表中的.数据,我们可以看见,发现)
As seen from the chart/ As is portrayed in the picture
Sales went into a slight decline=sales declined slightly(小幅下降)
Sales declined dramatically/sharply/greatly/hugely (大幅下降)
A brief glimpse at our campus (the picture/cartoon/caricature) vividly shows that mobile phone, becoming more and more prevalent.
好的替代
the machinethe device 代替 computer
handset代替 cell phone
*The Middle Kingdom代替 China
intenselycrucially important代替 very important (it is crucially important that the benefits of collective be on our priority.)
approaches代替 ways
current(currently) 代替 now
growing individuals代替 more and more people
individuals/ characters/ folks 代替 people, persons
positive, favorable, rosy(美好的), promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, 代替 good
unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 代替 bad
an army of, an ocean of, a multitude of 代替 many, a lot of
take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 代替 think
affair, business, matter 代替 thing
for my part, from my own perspective 代替 in my opinion
beneficial, rewarding 代替 helpful
exceedingly, extremely, intensely 代替 very
pour attention into代替 pay attention to
bear in mind that代替remember
enjoy, possess代替 have
一、如何写好英语作文的开头
“万事开头难”。对于英语作文来说,写好开头尤为重要。如何巧妙地开头,使阅卷老师满意?好开头有“回眸一笑百媚生”的动人效果,也就是我们常说的“龙头凤尾”。考场写作时一定要写好开头句,紧紧吸引住阅卷老师的目光,让阅卷老师不由自主地随着你的思路走。精妙开头,先发制人。俗话说:“题好一半文。”与题目一样,精彩而巧妙的开头常常给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象。阅卷还没有正式开始,你就有了一个高于别人的印象分。所以多用一些时间设计开头是书面表达中非常重要的一个环节。无论写哪一篇文章,它的开头都是引起话题或提出问题,使读者明了文章要谈何人何事,所以要以简短为易。反之则会使全文各部分比例失调,淡化重点,影响全文效果。开头的方式很多,常见的有以下几种:
1. 设计悬念,吸引读者。
文章的开头设计悬念,读者会不由地被文章吸引住,自然而然地把目光带到下文,迫不及待想知道下文。这种开头方法,符合人们阅读时的好奇心理。精心设计开头,吸引读者阅读,效果很好。如作文“My Uncle”是这样开头的:
My uncle is lying on the bed.He is going to die.
2. 开门见山,亮明观点。
写作时开门见山,摆明态度,是一种普通而又实用的方法。作文开头首先点出主题句,交代文章的主题是什么,使读者了解你要谈什么,以便引起读者的兴趣。如“My Chemistry Teacher”的开头:
Mr Li is my chemistry teacher.He is a good-looking little man with thick glasses.
3. 点明要点,完整叙述。
如果是记叙文,就既可以先交代要写的人物、事件、时间、地点、环境,又可以先描述天气情况。如“My Weekend”可以这样开头:
Yesterday was Sunday.It was a fine day.My friend and I went to the zoo by bus.
4. 叙述环境,渲染气氛。
这种开头一般用于记叙文,开头交代自然景物或自然环境,以引起要叙述的事。在记叙文、散文的写作中,环境描写是不可少的。环境描写可以渲染气氛,可以衬托人物,可以推动故事情节的发展。如“An Accident”的开头:
It was a snowy and windy day yesterday.I came home after work, suddenly, a motor car came round the corner.
5. 交代目的,表明观点。
文章的开头就要交代写作目的,表明自己的观点,如通过文章要表扬谁、批评谁或说明一个什么问题等。如“The Population”的开头:
Today we will talk about the population in the world.It’s very serious.
6. 模拟开头,简明扼要。
这种开头使用于应用文,如书信、日记、通知、留言、广告、启事等。这些应用文都有自己固定的格式,不能随意创造。但所有的应用文开头都要遵循一个原则,那就是要简明扼要,切忌“下笔千言,离题万里”。
7. 回忆性的开头。
开门见山式的开头虽然简单明了,但阅卷老师看惯了这样的开头,就会觉得你没有创造力。所以,我们还可以用回忆的方法开头。如“A Trip to Huashan Mountain”:
I remember my first trip to the Huashan Mountain.It was July30th, 2004.It was very interesting.
总之,好的开头是写好作文至关重要的第一步,考生必须在这方面下大功夫,从而在中考作文中取得满意的成绩。
二、如何写好英语作文的结尾
英语作文占总分的比重较大,如何在考试中作文拿高分?要取得阅卷老师的好感,结尾非常重要。作文结尾的作用是概括全文内容,进一步强调或肯定全文的中心思想,使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章的结尾和开头一样,没有固定的格式。但结尾的方法,并非是不可捉摸的,在许多人的写作实践中,有不少写好结尾的经验和方法可以借鉴,受到启发,从而开拓结尾的思路。一篇好的作文要想让人回味无穷,就要有一个非常巧妙的结尾。英语常见的结尾有下面几种:
1. 首尾呼应,画龙点睛。
首尾呼应是考场作文常使用的方法之一,一般情况是作者在开头提出文章的中心,然后在结尾时再次强调,照应开头,从而使文章的中心更加鲜明突出,使文章的意思表达得更深刻,起到画龙点睛的作用。如“I Love My Mother”的结尾是:
“I love my mother.She is a kind-hearted woman.She is a great mother.”
2. 顺势结尾,水到渠成,自然收束式。
不论哪种文体的文章,在把内容表达完了之后,都自然而然地收束全文,这样的结尾谓之“自然结束式”。它完全避免了文章画蛇添足、无病呻吟的结尾毛病,显得单纯明快、朴素无华,在作文考试中得到广泛运用。考场作文气氛紧张,竞争激烈,不可能过多地讲究什么“式”,什么“法”。能充分地表情达意就是一篇好文章,但讲究“自然”并不意味着随心所欲,马虎草率。如“My Busy day”的结尾:
After I finished my homework at ten o’clock, I had a wash Then I went to bed.
3. 含蓄结尾,另人回味。
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法,而是让读者自己去领会和思考,使人回味无穷。如“A Harvest Day”的结尾:
How time flies!Evening was coming.We stood there an looked at each other.Our clothes were all wet.But everyone had smile on each face.
4. 反问结尾,引入深思。
运用反问,启人深思。反问即无疑而问,一般用来加强语气,起着强调思想内容、催人警醒的作用。如“A Survey abou Homework”的结尾:
What do you think about homework?Everyone should learn to do homework.Don’t you agree, boys and girls?
这样的反问虽然形式是问句,但意义是肯定的,并具有特别强调的作用,从而进一步强化了主题。
5. 号召结尾,激励读者。
文章的结尾可以用口号式。表示对将来的愿望,或期待读者投入行动。如作文“Do Good Deeds”的结尾是:
This is my friend Li lei.I hope everyone should try his best to do good deeds like him.
文章结尾的处理:或铿锵有力,让读者为之一震,击节叫好;或读完后引人沉思,耐人寻味;或留下悬念,给读者留下巨大的想象空间。忌太突然、不和谐,应与整篇文章衔接起来,不要有突兀的感觉。
作文的开头和结尾是阅卷老师阅读的重要位置,因此打造一个精彩的开头和结尾,就会使文章出现“亮点”。对于开头而言,要美丽精巧、新颖贴切,要有创造力、震撼力、吸引力,让读者一见钟情,产生一种必欲读之而后快的感觉。因此,下笔之前一定要精心构思、反复琢磨,务求精工。古今一理,纵观古人文章的开头,有很多不同的类型,我们从中可以受到许多启示。
提纲挈领,苏洵《六国论》之“六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦。”开门见山提出中心论点,为下文的论述举纲张目。高考满分作文中也不乏这样的作品,如:“题记引领法”、“开门见山法”。题记是写在书或文章的题目下面用于开启文书、浓缩住址或奠定感情基调的文字。一般都是一两句话,或一节诗。文字可以是自己浓缩的精华,也可以引名人名言或诗句。
“不要试着否定世界,存在,就是一种理由。——题记”
这是《存在,就是一种理由》一文的题记,开篇它采用简洁明快的语言,一落笔便直触文章的主题,点明主旨。
平缓柔和,王安石《游褒禅山记》之“褒禅山亦谓之华山。唐浮屠慧褒始舍于其址,而卒葬之;已故其后名之曰‘褒禅’。”全文以山名起,再记游洞经过,在内容上环环相扣。高考作文中有的同学使用“故事开头法”、“描写开头法”、“比喻引论法”等。
如,“梵志拿了两束鲜花要献给佛祖,佛祖曰:‘放下。’梵志放下了手中的鲜花。佛祖又曰:‘放下。’梵志曰:‘还要放下什么?’佛祖曰:‘你还要放下外六根,内六尘,中六识,到了无可舍却的境界,便是明辨是非,探知无阻碍的世界了。’”这是高考满分作文《探知的阻碍》的开头,以禅宗故事开篇,既有情趣,又很迷人。对白语言简洁明了,妙趣横生。待听完“佛祖”的话方知三个“六”正是认知的阻碍,暗点题旨。这样的开头能收到平缓中又不同凡响的效果。
“描写开头法”中的景物描写,对展示故事情节,衬托人物心境,表现文章中心,抒发作者情感,都起着十分重要的作用;同时,把读者引入描写的意境里,唤起联想和思考(对人生、世事),为理解全文做思想准备。简言之,就是为了更好地写人、叙事。
有些议论文也可以有各种形式开头,如比喻、对比、设问、衬托等等。
陡峭高远,如杜牧《阿房宫赋》之“六王毕,四海一,蜀山兀,阿房出”给人以惊起之势,令人唏嘘不已。近年高考作文中经常有同学运用“设置悬念法”、“提问设疑法”、“奇峰突起法”等来开头。
如,“驼铃古道上传唱着古老的歌谣,你静静地倾听着华夏的音符,默默地记载着中国的文明篇章。一切这么自然,如旋转的车轮,走着属于自己的轨迹。”这样的开头落笔不凡,吸引读者。
优秀考场作文的开头,我们可以感受到考生驾驭语言的能力和良好的语文素养,这才是他们的高考作文能够获得高分的根本原因。在平时的练习过程中,既要有意识地借鉴他人成功的经验,也要厚实自己的知识积淀。也许,由一个精彩的开头起笔,能写出一篇文辞兼美、中心突出的佳作来。高尔基曾说,写文章,最难的是开头,它如同在音乐上一样,全曲的音调就是它给予的。而好的结尾更能使文章主旨鲜明,结构严谨,使文章更具魅力,考生一定要亮出“回眸一笑”。
明代学者谢榛说:“结尾当如撞钟,清音有余。”的确,好的文章结尾能够产生一种“余音绕梁,三日不绝”的艺术效果,增强文章的感染力,唤起读者的思考和共鸣,让读者沉浸在文章的境界之中,久久回味。成功的结尾,更能使读者深入、透彻地理解文章内容,进一步领会文章的中心思想。
谈到结尾,姑以诗为例,因为在诗歌中,结尾的重要性更明晰可辨。杜甫的《望岳》最后两句是:“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小。”从这两句富有启发性和象征意义的诗中,可以看到诗人杜甫不怕困难、敢于攀登绝顶、俯视一切的雄心和气概。篇末点题,表达感情和愿望,抒情议论,高考作文中我们也可以如此,
例如一位考生写的《飘落心灵的秋叶》的结尾:“望着这片火红的梧桐,我激动得流下了眼泪。其实生命在为难你的同时,也在用自然给你生存的暗示。毕竟生命的长途需要你跋涉。当我转身走出这片树林时,我在心里默念着:感谢梧桐叶,感谢生命。”在全文叙述、描写的基础上,品味出人生的意义,升华出感情的火花,闪耀出生活哲理,显示出精神风采和思想品味。
秦观的《鹊桥仙》的最终两句是:“两情若是久长时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。”显然,作者否定的是朝欢暮乐的庸俗生活,歌颂的是天长地久的忠贞爱情。结尾在他的精心提炼和巧妙构思下,古老的题材化为闪光的笔墨,迸发出耀眼的思想火花,从而使所有平庸的言情之作黯然失色。
例如李煜的《虞美人》的最后两句是:“问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。”吐露了一代亡国之君胸中的万千愁绪,所谓“抽刀断水水更流,举杯消愁愁更愁”,此愁之绵绵无尽,让人心生伤感。李煜为帝王,可他的词句中却毫无帝王之居高临下,采用的是崇尚自然的语言,流露的是平凡人的真情实感,如何能不富有感染力,怎能不流传于天下?近年高考作文中不乏在结尾处,写出肺腑之言,或充满激情的呼吁,或富有理性的启迪的文章;也有许多用精彩的语言描绘出既有诗情画意又有丰富想象的艺术画面,做到景中有情,情中有景,字字句句都有情,达到高考作文“意境高远”的要求。这样的例子更是举不胜举。
诗文相通,其他文章的例子也同样如此。之所以出现这种情况,原因并不难理解。在中国古代,抒情的文或诗,都贵在含蓄,贵在言有尽而意无穷,如食橄榄,贵在留有余味,在文章结尾处,把读者的心带向悠远,带向飘渺,带向一个无法言传的意境。我不敢说每一篇文章,每一首诗,都是这样。但是,“文章之作,其道多端;运用之妙,在乎一心。”
2. However, everything has two sides and the Internet is not an exception ,it has both advantage and disadvantageThere’re some disadvantages … (之一) What’s more, …(之二) Moreover, … (之三)
3. As far as I am concerned that it has more disadvantages than advantages(依我看,它有更多好处多于坏处)… However,we also try to use it in a right way , not waste a lot of time in it
4. Nowadays,human beings are facing a big problem ,the air pollution ,which is becoming more and more serious(如今,人类面临一个问题,空气污染,这个问题变得越来越严峻)There are many reasons for this problems For example,
5. It is time that we should take measures to solve this problemFirstly, … (第一) Secondly, (第二)Last but not least, …(最后也是最重要的是)
6. As far as I am concerned that solve these problems are very necessary(就我而言,解决这些问题非常必要)。。。Only in this way can we solve this problem
It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …( 就我所知…)
7. Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注)
8. Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题) 4:Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)
9. With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展,越来越多的人认为……)
1、开头部分:
How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr.9th.I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.2、结尾部分:
With best wishes.I’m looking forward to your reply.I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.二、口头通知常见写作模板:
1、呼语及开场白部分:
Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.2、正文部分:
All the teachers and students are required to attend it.Please take your notebooks and make notes.Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.Please come on time and don’t be late.3、结束语部分:
Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope you’ll have a nice time here.That’s all.Thank you.三、议论文模板
1.正反观点式议论文模板
导入:
1)第1段:
Recently we’ ve had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题)Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)
2)正文:
第2段:
Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)
Here are the reasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
3)第3段:
However, the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)
Their reasons are as follows.In the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
4)结论:
第4段:
Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)
2.“A或者B”类议论文模板:
1)导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think
A has more advantages.2)正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A.The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)
3)第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)
4)结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出结论)オ
3.观点论述类议论文模板:
1)导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)
The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过渡句,承上启下)
2)正文:
第2段:First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
3)结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that...(照应第1段,构成“总—分—总”结构)
4.“How to”类议论文模板:
1)导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
2)正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)
四、图表作文写作模板:
The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点.This means that as(进一步说明).We can see from the statistics given that
图表细节一.After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化,the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化).The figures also tell us that
图表细节二.In the column, we can see that accounts for(进一步描述).Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that(结论).The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that(给出原因)./ It is high time that we(发出倡议).五、图画类写作模板
1.开头
Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...2.衔接句
As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.3.结尾句
2. It has often been remarked that … 常常有人论及 ……
3. A lot of people seem to think that … 许多人似乎认为 ……
4. It is believed that … 人们认为 ……
5. Although it is commonly held that …, it is quite unlikely that … 虽然人们一般认为 ……,但 …… 不大可能。
6. Although it is generally agreed that …, it is unlikely to be true that … 虽然大家普遍认同 ……,但 …… 不大可能是正确的。
虽然从公开数据中,我们或可一探某些真相或逻辑,但越深究越发现,投资始终是人的故事,人的因素,可能最终决定所有故事的走向。比如,在PE行业,LP是个人多还是机构多,他们想赚快钱还是在一个长长的山坡上滚出个大雪球,曾长期左右本土PE的投资决策模式。
伴随PE陆续挂牌新三板,成为公众公司,外界与这一行业的信息不对称有所减少,但PE究竟怎样玩PE,这些企业教练如何自我管理,如何自我激励,仍有大片空白。起底一家公司,或能更多呈现其中真相。
在对东方富海的访谈中,我们对投资是一趟怎样的旅程,GP是怎样的工作状态,GP和LP、和被投企业怎样起化学反应,这个基于资金的三方生态圈怎样扩展,所知愈详。比如,我们知道投资不是撒手不管,但GP与被投企业关系之密切深入,仍出乎意料,尤其是处于商业方向探索期的创业企业,需要GP和创业者时时见面、每周多次沟通。正因每一个项目都需要密切跟进,投资额又小,天使基金的规模不可能太大,否则GP精力有限,难以兼顾。而更多的收获,来自对PE内部管理和发展模式递进的析解。
海通证券首席经济学家李迅雷基于数据统计发现,中国资本市场并非人们感性认识的牛短熊长,而是熊短牛长。本土PE的发展与资本市场具有高度一致性,其20多年的生长史,同样是夏深冬浅。如今,在经历了十多年全民PE的醉人长夏之后,寒意已从二级市场传导到PE、创业者,过冬一词又被频频提起,Pre-IPO模式面临彻底改变,行业二八分化已现端倪。
拿钱变难的创业公司中,抱团合并或加速登陆新三板,选择恰当过冬姿势的越来越普遍。对于PE,把握当前的窗口期挂牌新三板,融资储备过冬的粮草,同时铺展新局扩大优势,也是最优选择。毕竟,在GDP破7时代,或许前面有一场更为漫长的冬天。且看下一季冰与火之歌。
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