考研英语如何翻译并列句

考研英语如何翻译并列句（共5篇）

考研英语如何翻译并列句 篇1

英语中的并列句由并列连词或短语and，for，so，but，either…or…等引导或由逗号隔开，各个分句在语法上具有并列的关系，但在意思上除了一部分具有并列关系外，还有一部分具有条件或假设，或具有选择、因果等复合关系，所以翻译时应根据各个分句之间在意思上的相互关系来决定其译法。下面我们将逐一介绍它们的译法。

1.表示并列关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

如果各分句在意思上表示并列关系，可按原文译成并列复句。这种句型一般用and连接或用逗号隔开。如：

经典例题354 During the rush hour yesterday evening two cars collided and two bicycles collided，too.参考译文昨天傍晚在交通拥挤时，有两辆汽车相撞，而且还有两辆自行车相撞。

经典例题355 All matters consist of molecules，and these of atoms.分析：如其中用and连接，这个and可以省译。

参考译文一切物质都由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。

经典例题356 The end of the short_lived age of fossil fuels is already in sight；soon we will have consumed all the world„s resources of oil and coal.参考译文短暂的矿物燃料时代结束的日子已经在望；不久，我们就会耗尽世界上所有的石油和煤炭资源。

2.表示假设和条件关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

虽然有些并列句是用and连接的，但其分句在意思上是条件或假设关系，就可把它译成条件或假设关系。如：

经典例题357 Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see your shadow.参考译文你要是面对阳光，那就看不到自己的影子。

经典例题358 Start a sound into the air，and it will make waves which you cannot see.参考译文如果向空中发出一个声音，它就会产生你看不到的声波。

经典例题359 Refer to the table，and you will find water has a high specific heat.分析：这种句子第一分句一般为祈使句。

参考译文如果查一下表，你就会发现水的比热很高。

3.表示选择关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

如果并列句的各个分句在意思上具有选择关系，就可以译成选择关系。这种句子一般有连词or“否则”，“要不然”，otherwise“否则”，or else“否则”或连词短语either…or“不是…就是…，”要么…要么…“等等。如：

经典例题360 Light and radiant heat both travel through a vacuum，or（otherwise）the sun„s light and heat would not reach us.参考译文光和辐射热都能穿过真空传递，否则太阳的光和热便不会到达地球上。

经典例题361 Milk must be kept in a cool place，or else it will go sour.参考译文牛奶要放在阴凉的地方，否则就会变酸。

经典例题362 Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well.参考译文不是他没讲清楚，就是我没听明白。

经典例题363A gas has neither volume nor shape of its own.参考译文气体既没有特定的体积，也没有一定的形状。

4.表示因果关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

具有因果关系的并列句，有两种情况：一种是后一分句用for引导，而for本身具有表示原因的作用；一种是在后分句前使用therefore连接，表示结果。如：

经典例题364 The fuel must have been finished，for the engine stopped.参考译文燃料准是用完了，因为发动机熄火了。

经典例题365 The table tilted and the plates slid off it to the floor.分析：这个句子使用and连接的，虽然结构上是并列，但其内在逻辑关系却是表因果的。有时前句表原因，后句表结果，有时与此相反。

参考译文桌子倾倒，致使这些碟子滑落到地板上。

5.表示转折关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

如果分句在意义上互不协调，并显示出转折关系，就要译成转折句式。表转折的并列连词有but“但是”，yet“然而”，still“仍然”，however“然而”等。而这些词本身就具有表转折的意思。如：

经典例题366 This machine is simple in design，yet it is efficient in operation.参考译文这机器结构简单，但操作有效。

经典例题367 Everyone thinks this is a simple method，but yet he cannot believe it.参考译文大家都认为这是个简单的方法，可是他还不相信。

经典例题368 You had difficulties，still you could have done it better.参考译文你虽然有些困难，但可以把这件事做得更好。

经典例题369 Most of living creatures are unable to live far outside the region that suits them best，however，man can go almost everywhere.参考译文大多数生物在远离了最适合的地方后是难以生存的，然而，人类几乎可以去任何地方。

表示对比关系、递近关系和连贯关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

6.表示对比关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

这类分句中一般有while，whereas，and，but和however等连词，翻译时译成表示对比关系即可。如：

经典例题370Motion is absolute，while stagnation is relative.分析：这里的while是并列连词，意思是“而”，含有对比的意思，而不是只用作从属连词，连接时间状语之意。参考译文运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。

经典例题371 Wise men love truth，whereas fools shun it.参考译文智者爱真理，而愚人却回避它。

经典例题372 She speaks English very fast，nevertheless we understand what she says.分析：在并列句中，连词位于后一个分句之前，且本身具有对比关系的分句才采用此译法。

参考译文她英文说得很快，可是我们还可以听懂她所说的。

7.表示递进关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

在并列句中，如果句型是not only…but（also）…，或是两分句中后一句比前一句的意思更进一步，那就可以翻译成“不但…而且…”或“…而且…”。如：

经典例题373 Not only the oxygen is an element，but also it becomes necessary to man.参考译文氧气不仅是一种元素，而且是人类所必需的东西。

8.表示连贯关系的并列句该怎样翻译？

如果英语并列句中，各个分句所陈述的动作在意义上有明显的先后顺序，那么在翻译时，汉语就要用连贯的复句表示，而这种译法多在主语相同的并列句中采用。如：

经典例题374 Eva sang a Japanese song，and then she sang a number of Chinese folk songs.参考译文依娃唱了一首日本歌，接着又唱了几首中国民歌。

历年真题分析

经典例题375 The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.（1991年）

结构分析：句子的框架是The supply of oil can be shut off…and the oil wells will all run dry…本句由and连接两个单句，表示意思递进；rate这里应译为“速度”。

参考译文石油供应可能会随时中断；不管怎样，以目前这种消费速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。

经典例题376New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.（1991年）

结构分析：句子的框架是New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is…any situation that will ever restore that sense…we have had…。本句由and引出单句，紧跟前句，意思递进；but引出长句，意思转折，长句中that引出定语从句修饰ituation，定语从句中又有we have had in the times past定语从句修饰先行词sense；本句中结构it is not likely to…译为“没有可能”。

参考译文我们必须找到新的能源，这需要时间；而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况将不可能再出现了。

经典例题377 The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind；it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.（1993年）

结构分析：句子的框架是The method of scientific investigation is nothing but…；it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given…。本句分号前为长单句，分号后句子与前句并列，意思递进，which引出定语从句修饰mode；结构nothing but译为“只是”。

参考译文科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。

经典例题378 You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction（归纳法）and deduction，that by the help of these operations，they，in a sort of sense，manage to extract from nature certain natural laws，and that out of these，by some special skill of their own，they build up their theories.（1993年）

结构分析：句子的框架是You have all heard it…that…，that…，and that…。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的三个并列分句：A.that men of science work…and deduction；B.that by the help of these operations，they…manage to…certain natural laws；C.and that…，they…their theories.在第二个分句中，they指代前面的men of science，these operations指前文的means of induction and deduction，operations在这里根据上下文要译成“方法”而不能译成“操作”；在第三个分句中，代词these指代第二个分句中的certain natural laws.参考译文你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，在某种意义上说，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。

经典例题379The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill_informed or incompetent users.（1995年）

结构分析：句子的框架为The target is wrong，for…critics divert…fault that lie with…。连词for引出表原因的并列分句，分句中that引出定语从句修饰先行词fault.target原意为“目标”，在此句中应根据上下文转译为“把标准化测试作为抨击目标”。lie with原意为“应由某人负责”，这里指“来源于”。

参考译文把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

经典例题380 Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.（1998年）

结构分析：句子的框架是Astrophysicists…are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.连词and连接前后两句，意思递进；working with…现在分词作为定语修饰astrophysicists；are closing in on such structures译为“对于这些云系的研究在距离上越来越近”。structure不能直译为“结构”，而应根据上下文译为“云系，团状物质”。

参考译文天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久就会报告他们的观测结果。

经典例题381 Owing to the remarkable development in mass_communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.（2000年）

结构分析：句子的框架是Owing to…，people everywhere are feeling…and are being exposed to，while governments are often forced to…。连词while引出并列句，与前句对比，前句中and连接两个谓语；介词结构owing to作原因状语。want译为“需要”，be exposed to直译为“暴露于”，这里译为“接触”。

参考译文大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

经典例题382 In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far_reaching changes in social patterns that followed as spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.（2000年）

结构分析：句子的框架是…the process of industrialization…in social patterns that followed was spread…，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo…。连词whereas引出并列句，表对比；前句中that followed作定语修饰social patterns；social patterns译为“社会结构”，undergo译为“经历”，这里用“完成”较好。

参考译文在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

经典例题383 Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in_built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell television，and digital age will have arrived.（2001年）

结构分析：句子的框架是Children will play with…，computers…will be regarded as…，relaxation will be…，and digital age will have arrived.整句是一个四个简单句的并列长句。personality chips译为“个性化芯片”。

参考译文儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。

熟能生巧

经典例题384 But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited，and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their“expectation of life”，the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.结构分析：句子的框架是But now it is realized that supplies…are limited，and it is even possible to…life“，the time it will take to exhaust…sources and reserves of these materials.that引导的从句与and后句构成并列，前句中it作形式主语，真正主语是that引导的从句，and句中it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式；the time作expectation of life的同位语，同时作其后所跟定语从句的宾语；翻译时，将句子第一部分的被动语态转化为主动语态；同时将同位语宾语作状语翻译。

参考译文可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物质的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。

经典例题385 Prior to the twentieth century，women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male_dominated culture.结构分析：句子的框架为Prior to…，women…were stereotypes of…features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by…culture.and连接前后两句，构成并列。前句中，that引导的定语从句修饰features；后句中，过去分词短语imposed by…culture修饰restrictions，作定语。prior to…翻译为“在…之前”，be subject to翻译为“屈从于”。

参考译文在20世纪以前，小说中的妇女形象都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点，因而无法成为具有个性的人；她们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给她们的种种束缚。

经典例题386 If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction，and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment，they would not be so hurt，and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.结构分析：句子的框架是If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction，and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing…judgment，they would not be so hurt，and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.整句话使用了虚拟语气；第一个划线and连接条件状语从句中并列的两个谓语，其中第二个谓语中含有一个宾语从句，这个宾语从句的it是形式主语，真正的主语是宾语从句中sign的同位语从句，同位语从句中的and连接两个谓语结构；第二个and连接两个并列主句，by resenting and resisting it方式状语，其中的it指child.参考译文如果父母对这种青少年的反应有所准备，而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志，他们就不会感到如此伤心，所以也就不会因此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。

经典例题387 Television，it is often said，keeps one informed about current events，allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics，and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.结构分析：句子的框架是Television，…，keeps one…，allows one to…，and offers an endless series of programmes which are…。主语后跟三个并列的谓语，其中第三个谓语的宾语又跟有一个由which引导的定语从句；it is often said作为插入语，可以放在句首。keep…informed about…翻译为“使…知晓”。

参考译文人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

经典例题388 The rocks which are now forming and which appear to contain small amounts of hydrocarbon capable of developing into oil are generally rocks which are not characteristic of reservoirs for petroleum deposits.结构分析：句子的框架是The rocks which are…and which appear to…are generally rocks which are…。这句话的主语和表语一致，主语有两个并列定语从句修饰，表语也跟有一个定语从句；capable of developing into oil作为形容词短语修饰hydrocarbon；be characteristic of和be characterized by都可翻译为“…的特点是”，或“…具有…的特点”。

参考译文目前正在形成，并似乎含有少量可能形成石油的碳氢化合物的岩石，通常都没有石油储油层的特点。

经典例题389 If one could，by asking questions，reliably determines whether the machine or the man is answering the questions，then one would question whether the machine is intelligent or whether it exhibits the same intelligence as the man.结构分析：句子的框架是If one could…，reliably determines whether…questions，then one would question whether or whether it exhibits…。本句是条件句+主句的结构。条件句中，谓语determine跟有whether引导的一个宾语从句，主句的谓语question跟有or连接的两个并列的whether引导的宾语从句；by asking questions作为方式状语修饰determine；question在这里是关键词，翻译为“对…提出质疑”，exhibit可翻译为“显示出”。

参考译文如果观察者能通过提问准确地确定是人还是机器在做出回答，那就不能证明机器是否具有智能或者机器是否具有与人一样的智慧。

经典例题390 The last quarter of the twentieth century will be remembered as the era when man acquired new communication channels to other men，to libraries of film and data，and to the prodigious machines.结构分析：句子的框架是The last quarter of the twentieth century will be remembered as the era when man acquired new communication channels to…and to the prodigious machines.本句主语和表语都是时间名词，并且表语有一个when引导的定语从句，定语从句中三个to+名词的介宾结构构成并列；翻译时，将长句拆分为两个句子，即主句和定语从句，并且用“正是在这个时期”时间状语来衔接前后两句。参考译文20世纪的最后25年将成为一个历史的新纪元而被人们所永远怀念；正是在这个时期，人们获得了新的通讯手段来同别人、同图像和数据库系统，以及同复杂的机器打交道。

经典例题391 The interpretation of information and of tables should tell us where success or failure lies，where profit can be had and where losses occur.结构分析：句子的框架是The interpretation of information and of tables should tell us where…，where…and where…。本句中tell后跟双宾语us和三个where引导的并列从句；本句主语的翻译要注意of表动宾关系，and连接两个并列的of短语。

参考译文对资料（信息）和报表所做的解释，应能给我们显示出成败之所在，哪里有盈利以及哪里出现了亏损。

经典例题392 The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet，however modest，for ambition，belongs to most work，and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all.结构分析：句子的框架是The satisfaction…，belongs to most work，and is sufficient to make even a man…happier…than a man…。and连接两个主语一致的并列句，前句中主语satisfaction有and连接的两个并列的of+动宾结构修饰，for ambition应跟在outlet后，however modest作为插入语补充说明outlet；后句中不定式的基本结构是to make+宾语+定语从句+宾补+than+同一宾语+定语从句；翻译时，将belong to这个短语的被动意味转化为主动。

参考译文大多数工作给予人们消磨时间的满足感和帮助人们实现哪怕是微不足道的抱负的满足感，这种满足感足以使一个从事枯燥乏味工作的人比一个终日无事可做的人快乐。

经典例题393 Over the last couple of decades there have been some important changes in the way peoplethink about languages and how people learn them which have led to the development of an approach called communicative language teaching.结构分析：句子的框架是Over the last couple of decades there have been some important changes…which have led to…approach called…teaching.本句基本句型是个there be句型，there be句中的表语跟有一个定语从句；and连接介词in的两个并列宾语，第一个宾语the way后有定语从句修饰，第二个宾语是how引导的从句；called…过去分词修饰approach；approach在这里不作“靠近”，而翻译为“方法”。

参考译文在过去的几十年里，人们在考虑语言的方式以及如何学习语言的方式上发生了一些重要的变化，这些变化导致了被称作教学法的产生。

经典例题394 Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jelly_ fish（水母）and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years；but there have been men for one million years，and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside.结构分析：句子的框架为Scientists reckon that there has been life…and that kind of creature…；but there have been men…，and there have been civilized men.本句以分号为界将整句话分为前后两部分，前后两部分形成对比；第一部分动词reckon跟有there be句型的宾语从句，而there be句中又由and连接前后意思递近的两个表语；第二部分同样是there be句型的两个单句，第二个单句在意思上递近；at the outside应翻译为“至多，充其量”，而不是“在外面”。

参考译文科学家推断，地球上有某种生命以水母方式生存了大约12亿年，但人类历史仅有100万年，人类文明的历史充其量也就8000年左右。

经典例题395 Because of their intelligence and refusal to conform to society„s anti_intellectural values，many are deprived of a chance to learn adequate social skills and acquire good communication tools.结构分析：句子的框架是Because of their intelligence and refusal to…，many are deprived of a chance to learn…and acquire…。本句是because of的介宾结构作原因状语再加一个简单句；介宾结构中，and连接并列的两个宾语，第二个宾语refusal to do…是refuse to do的名词形式，翻译时不变，仍然是“拒绝做某事”；简单句的宾语chance受and连接的并列的两个不定式修饰；be deprived of翻译为“被剥夺”。参考译文许多孩子因为智力较高和不愿迎合社会上反知识的价值观，而被剥夺了学习足够的社交技能和获得良好交际手段的机会。

经典例题396 One can never repay one„s parents，and there‟s a sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force among Asians as Protestant philosophy（新教哲学）is in the West.结构分析：句子的框架是One can never repay one„s parents，and there‟s a sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force…as Protestant philosophy is…。and连接前后两句，意思上递进；or连接of的两个宾语，共同修饰sense，that引导的定语从句修饰sense，从句中又使用了同级比较。

参考译文一个人永远无法报答他的父母，而且在亚洲人中间还有一种责任感、乃至负罪感，这是一种如同新教哲学在西方一样的强大力量。

经典例题397 This tension between the research and lending wings remains in the bank，and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit.结构分析：句子的框架是This tension…remains，and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit.and连接前后两个句子，表示意思上的承接；前句中research和lending并列修饰wings；后句中有that引导的定语从句修饰challenges和if引导的条件状语从句；is to bear fruit可翻译为“要出成果”，这里翻译为“成功实施”。

参考译文银行内主张开展研究和主张开展借贷业务的两派仍然互不相让，这种紧张状态是新策略成功实施必须克服的几个挑战之一。

经典例题398 I went away from the symposium with a strong conviction，more intuitive than rational，that human experimental psychology，theoretical linguistics and computer simulation of cognitive processes were all pieces of larger whole，and that the future world see progressive elaboration and coordination of their shared concerns.结构分析：句子的框架是I went away…with a strong conviction，…，that human experimental psychology…and computer simulation of cognitive processes were all pieces of larger whole，and that the future world see progressive elaboration and coordination of their shared concerns.划线的and前后两个that引导的从句并列作为conviction的同位语从句；第一个从句的三个主语并列，第二个从句中，and连接的elaboration和coordination并列受到their shared concerns的修饰，of表示动宾关系；主句中，more intuitive than rational作为插入成分，翻译为“与其说是理性的，倒不如说是更为直觉的”来修饰conviction，翻译同位语从句时，可用冒号引出从句内容。

参考译文专题讨论会会后，我确立了一种与其说是理性的，倒不如说是更为直觉的信念：人类的实验心理学、理论语言学和认知过程的计算机模拟都是较大整体的组成部分；未来世界将会看到，它们共同关注的问题会进一步得到阐释和相互协调。

经典例题399 Marriage has become a purely individual pursuit；an implied and not very enforceable contract between two people；a relationship designed to satisfy basic needs for intimacy，dependency and sex.结构分析：句子的框架是Marriage has become a…pursuit；an…contract…；a relatio nship…。两个分号连接三个并列的表语，第三个表语中designed to…过去分词作后置定语修饰relationship，原意为“设计以…”，这里动词介词化翻译为“旨在，在于”。

参考译文婚姻已经成为纯粹的个人追求了，一份两个人之间含蓄的并非绝对强迫性的契约，一种旨在满足亲密、依靠和性的基本需要的关系。

经典例题400 Under this investment vehicle，you get no deduction for your contributions，but all money—principal and earnings—not only will be tax_free，but will not be subject to the10%penalty on early withdraws.结构分析：句子的框架是Under this investment vehicle，you get no deduction…，but all money…not only will be tax_free，but will not be subject to the10%penalty on early withdraws.第一个but引出的后面所有部分与前句并列，意思递进；第二个but引出的句子跟在not only后，意思递进；principal and earnings作为插入成分修饰money；be subject to原意是“屈从于”，在这里翻译为“需要交纳”。

参考译文在这种投资形式下，你的账户内的款项不会有扣除额，全部的钱，包括本金和工资，不仅是免税的，而且提前支取时也不需交纳10%的违约罚金。

经典例题401 The moon will acquire its first permanent base，and the human population living in space will rise steadily，as manufacturing develops aboard spacecraft and the resources of other planets are explored.结构分析：句子的框架是The moon will acquire its first permanent base，and the human population…will rise steadily，as manufacturing develops and the resources of other planets are explored.and连接并列的简单句，第二个简单句中living in space现在分词作定语修饰population；最后有as引导的and连接的两个并列时间状语从句，表示伴随。第二个时间状语从句的翻译将被动转化为主动翻译。

参考译文月球将获得它的第一个永久基地，而随着制造业在宇宙飞船上的发展，随着其他行星上资源勘探工作的进行，生活在太空中的人口将会稳步地增长。

经典例题402 These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind，of the will to work not only as one„s strength permits but beyond the limits of one‟s power.结构分析：句子的框架是These hands spoke of the stubbornness…，of the will to work not only as one„s strength permits but beyond the limits of one‟s power.of the will与of the stubbornness并列，同时will受to work不定式修饰；not only引出as引导的时间状语从句，but跟有介宾结构，同样做work的状语。speak of在这里翻译为“述说”，stubbornness在这里翻译为“顽强”，而不是“顽固”。

参考译文这双手诉说着人类的顽强，诉说着劳动的意志———不仅在体力允许的情况下，甚至在超出体力极限的情况下顽强坚持的那份劳动意志。

经典例题403 While most of my friends invested in car stereos that could rattle windows a block away，I stuck with the old original radio that barely picked up two stations on a good night.结构分析：句子的框架是While most of my friends invested in car stereos…，I stuck with the old original radio…。while引导的句子与逗号后的句子并列，形成对比，并且前后两个句子都含有一个that引导的定语从句，分别修饰stereos和radio；stuck with这里同stuck to，意为“坚持”，picked up在这里根据上下文，翻译为“接收到”。

参考译文当我大多数的朋友买了能将几条街区以外的玻璃窗震得格格作响的汽车立体声音响时，我一直在继续用原来那台即使在晴好的夜晚也只能勉强收到两个电台的旧收音机。

练习和答案

练习

Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year2050is impossible to say.（61）But if developments in research maintain their current pace，it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors，along with advances in gene therapy and protein targeted drugs，will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease.From an economic standpoint，the best news may be that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health_care costs.（62）Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed，short term therapies now being developed.By2050there will be fewer hospitals，and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma（外伤）。Spending on nonacute（慢性病的）care，both in nursing facilities and in homes，will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death.One result of medicine„s success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy.（63）The extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter，but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old（currently defined as those over85years of age）the fastest growing segment of the population.Between1960.and1995，the U.S.population as a whole in creased by about45%，while the segment over85years of age grew by almost300%.（64）There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians，with the result that survival to the age of100is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago.U.S.Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next50years：4million in2050，compared with37，000 in1990.（65）Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight years by the year2050，some experts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before120years.With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process，that limit could rise to130years or more.答案

文章大意：本文对到2050年人类与疾病做斗争的情况进行了预测，认为，如果医学研究的发展保持目前的速度，大部分主要类别的疾病将得到消灭；医疗开支可能下降；由于医学的进步有效地控制了疾病，会大大增加预期寿命，尤其是百岁以上老人的人口会激增。

（61）结构分析：句子框架是if…，it seems likely that…。if引导条件状语从句修饰主句it seems likely that…。it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。pace意为“（生长、进展等的）速度”；combination with意为“与…结合或联合”；gene therapy意为“基因疗法”。

参考译文：但是，如果医学研究的发展保持目前的速度，更加注意膳食与环境因素的结合，再加上基因疗法和针对蛋白质的药物所取得的进展，实际上将有可能消灭大部分主要类别的疾病。

（62）结构分析：句子框架是Costs may even fall as…。as引导状语从句，被动结构be brought under control意为“使…得到控制”，译成主动态。现在分词短语using…在句子中作原因状语；现在分词短语being developed作后置定语，修饰therapies.pinpointed意为“定位准确的”。

参考译文：由于采用目前开发的定位准确的短期疗法而使疾病得到控制，医疗开支甚至可能下降。

（63）结构分析：句子框架是The extent…is a highly speculative matter，but it is worth noting that…。but连接两个并列句。but后的并列分句中it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。speculative意为“思索的；推测的”。

参考译文：人们预期寿命的增加范围是一个非常具有推测性的问题，但值得注意的是，医学科学已经帮助使年龄非常大的人（目前规定为超过85岁的人）成为人口增长最快的部分。

（64）结构分析：句子框架是There has been a similar explosion…。in the population of centenarians和with the result并列作主句的状语。that引导的从句作result的同位语，此同位语从句中又套嵌一个that引导的定语从句修饰feat.explosion此处不应译成“爆炸”，而译成“激增”；centenarian此处意为“百岁（或百岁以上的）老人”；newsworthy意为“有新闻价值的，值得报道的”。

参考译文：百岁老人的数量也同样地激增了，结果是人活到100岁已不再是具有新闻价值的业绩，而这一点仅仅在几十年前还是具有新闻价值的业绩。

（65）结构分析：句子框架是Although…，some experts believe that…。although引导方式状语从句。主句中that引导的从句作believe的宾语从句。project此处译为“推断，预计”。

考研英语如何翻译并列句 篇2

关键词：并列句,并列谓语,并列宾语,并列表语

英汉翻译是英汉两种文化间表达转换, 是对语言学习者较高层次的要求, 更是语言学习的最终目标, 是对语言学习的应用。本文将探讨英汉翻译的特点及方法, 结合大量例句对英汉翻译做出仔细透析, 强化其翻译方法, 对学生达到管中窥豹, 抛砖引玉的作用。有人比喻说, 英语句子仿佛是“参天大数, 枝叶横生。”英语句子结构繁杂, 长句较多, 有时一个自然段竟是一句话。我们误认为对于长句只是搞清句子结构, 先解“大树”主干部分, 再理清“树叶”分支部分, 就很自然地理解了句意。然而即便如此, 学生有时对长句的含义仍是理解得不深不透, 翻译得不伦不类, 甚至有时读完汉译仍不知所云, 不解其意。其中, 翻译中各种形式的并列句是一大难点, 我们首先从并列句的翻译入手探讨归纳几点。

(1) 并列句的特点是各分句相对独立, 互不依从, 靠连接词或分号连接在一起。

(2) 有时两个或更多的主语可以共有一个谓语, 两个或更多的谓语可以共有一个主语, 有时甚至可以有两个并列主语和两个并列谓语, 这样的句子仍然是简单句。

(3) 并列句的分句中也常出现主从复合句, 甚至从句套从句的情况。这时, 正确地确定句子的结构比较难做到, 应注意分辨。

(4) 连词不只表示“和”的意思, 有时也表示目的、结果、转折、条件、对比等等, 应具体情况具体对待, 正确理解。如:

Any major breakthrough and France would be finished, de Gaullewarned.再有任何严重的突破, 法国就完了, 戴高乐发出警告。

(表示结果)

You go and get ready while I stamp these letters. 你去准备好, 我来贴邮票。 (表示目的)

He’s only forty-one years old, and he has already been to nearlyevery country in the world. 他才41岁, 但是他几乎已经去过了世界上所有的国家。 (表示目的)

一、难句解析

1、由 and 连接的并列句解析

例 1: For example, grade school graduation, high schoolgraduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and whileeach step implies certain behavioral changes and social recoganition, thesignificance of each depends on the socioeconomic status and theeducational ambition of the individual.

分析:and连接的并列句。第二个分句中有一个while引导的让步状语从句。

译文:例如, 小学毕业, 中学毕业, 大学毕业就是这样一种成长顺序, 尽管每一步都意味着一种行为上的变化和社会的承认, 每一步成长的意义却取决于社会和经济的状况及个人在受教育方面的志向。

2、由 but 连接的并列句解析

The corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcastingorganization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and itsprograms are now the subject.

分析:but连接的并列句。

译文:BBC广播公司作为家国有广播公司继续存在——至少就目前而言, 但是, 其作用、规模和节目内容目前在英国成为举国争论的话题。

3、由 yet 连接的并列句解析

The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories andpiped music, and by psychologists and“ human-relations” experts”yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it.

分析:yet连接的并列句。yet后的分句中有两个that引导的同位语从句, 共同修饰fact一词。

译文:加油是靠提高工资、通风条件良好的工厂、管弦乐曲、心理学家和公关专家们的努力才办到的;然而, 这一切加油的努力都无法改变人已经变得无能为力和对加油已经感到厌倦了的事实。

4、由 so 连接的并列句解析

The Gregorin chant has been associated in Christian nations withreligion for hundreds of years, so it invokes within us religious feeling.

分析:so引导的并列句, 表示结果。

译文:格里高利圣咏在基督教国家数百年被认为和宗教有关, 因此它可以激发人们的宗教情感。

5、并列主语解析

Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysismodals and tools, and those who use systematic methods for reachingdecisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methodswhich run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.

分析:此句为并列复合句, and连接两个并列主语, who和which分别引出定语从句。

译文:大多数资深经理熟悉正式的决策分析模式和工具, 那些使用这种系统方法进行决策的人有时会猜疑用那种违背他们关于正确行动过程意识的方法提出的解决方案。

二、结束语

通过以上的分析, 我们可以发现对英文中的长短句的翻译方法多种多样, 不拘一束, 有时还需要对多种翻译方法综合运用。而对这些方法的了解和应用应在日常学习中多思考, 多实践, 多总结, 加强学习的目标性和持续性, 希望这些翻译方法能把英语教学和学生的英语学习提升到更高的境界。

参考文献

[1]黄金祺.应当肯定“西译汉化”现象的积极面[J].中国翻译, 1998 (1) .

[2]贾冠杰, 向明友.为中国英语一辩[J].外语与外语教学, 1997 (5) .

[3]李文中.中国英语与中国式英语[J].外语教学与研究, 1993 (4) .

考研英语如何翻译并列句 篇3

1.I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,＿＿＿?

A.do I B.don’t I C.will they D.won’t they

2.＿＿＿help if you can,and our country will improve more quickly and better.

A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give

3.-- Lucy,you wash the dishes,＿＿＿ ?

-- Mom,can’t Lily do it? It’s her turn to do it.

A.don’t you B.can you C.shall you D.will you

4.-- I will not take an umbrella with me today.

- ＿＿＿＿＿it rains later on in the day?

A.How B.What C.How about D.What if

5.-- You ought to stay up late tonight,＿＿＿＿ you?

-- Yes.I’ve got too much homework.

A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.won’t

6.Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,＿＿＿＿?

A.can it B.can’t it C.can they D.can’t they

7.There used to be a church in the small town,＿＿＿＿＿?

A.used there B.usedn’t there C.used it D.usedn’t it

8.-- She isn’t your neighbour, is she?

-- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

A.Yes,she isn’t B.No,she is C.Yes,she is D.No,isn’t she

9.-- ＿＿＿＿＿＿ to be a PLA soldier when I was young.

-- And now you are.

A.How I wanted B.How did I want C.What I wanted D.What did I want

10.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,＿＿＿＿was very reasonable.

A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of that

11.After ten years,she changed a lot and looked different from＿＿＿she used to be.

A.that B.whom C.what D.who

12.＿＿＿＿is known to everyone,the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A.It B.As C.That D.What

13.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation＿＿＿he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A.where B.which C.while D.why

14.Information has been put forward＿＿＿more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A.while B.that C.when D.as

15.What the doctors really doubt is＿＿＿＿my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A.when B.how C.whether D.what

16.The students of the music school study ＿＿＿＿.

A.music but also some other subjects

B.some other subjects as well as music

C.music as well as some other subjects

D.some other subjects and music

17.＿＿＿air is to man,so is water to fish.

A.Since B.Just C.Like D.As

18.There is plenty of rain in the south ＿＿ there is little in the north.

A.while B.as C.when D.so

19.＿＿＿several times about it,but he could not give the correct answer.

A.Being asked B.Having been asked

C.He would ask D.He had been asked

20.-- I don’t like chicken ＿＿＿ fish.

-- I don’t like chicken,＿＿＿I like fish very much.

A.and；and B.and；but C.or；but D.or；and

21.＿＿＿the days went on,the situation there got worse.

A.With B.Since C.While D.As

22.＿＿＿everybody is here,let’s set out right away.

A.Now that B.Because C.For D.After

23.The science of medicine,＿＿＿progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.

A.to which B.in which C.which D.with which

24.We must do the experiment carefully ＿＿＿Miss Liu told us.

A.what B.since C.as D.while

25.Tony will never forget these days ＿＿＿she lived in China with her mother,＿＿＿has a great effect on her life.

A.that； which B.when； which

C.which； that D.when； that

26.＿＿＿I know,they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in .

A.Since B.So far as C.In case D.As if

27.Who do you think the doctor will have＿＿＿first,John or Kate?

A.examine B.to examine

C.examining D.examined

28.-- What are you anxious about?

-- ＿＿＿＿＿.

A.Whether we can succeed B.If we succeed

C.Do we succeed D.That we can succeed

29.You should put the dictionary ＿＿＿you can find it easily.

A.where B.the place C.the place on which D.what

30.She said to me,“I’ll tell you the result of the test＿I know it.”

A.because B.the moment C.after D.though

31.Grandpa used to tell us something about the “Cultural Revolution” ＿＿＿he had time to spare.

A.as soon as B.as C.so that D.whenever

32.Li Fang is very busy,＿＿＿she’s always helping others with their lessons.

A.but B.although C.so D.for

33.Getting a right job can be difficult ＿＿＿the students＿＿＿ prepared to deal with the job interview.

A.if；won’t B.unless；will

C.unless；are D.if；are

34.Everything depends on＿＿they will support you about it.

A.if B.which C.whether D.that

35.She won the first prize in the speech contest and＿＿＿ surprized us.

A.which B.it C.as D.who

36.The Oscar is one of the film prizes ＿＿offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.

A.which is not B.that have not been

C.that has not D.that has not been

37.He made another wonderful discovery,＿＿＿ of great importance to science.

A.which I think is B.which I think it is

C.which I think it D.I think is

38.It’s really very dangerous.One more step,＿＿＿the baby will fall into the well.

A.or B.so C.but D.and

39.She is American,＿＿＿ she knows little about American history.

A.so B.yet C.and D.therefore

40.Information technology is taught in most schools,＿＿＿we have entered the information society.

A.so B.while C.still D.for

41.-- Helen must obey her parents.

-- Oh,she must,＿＿ ?

A.must she B.mustn’t she

C.shouldn’t she D.should she

42.John must be in the chemistry lab,＿＿＿ ?

A.mustn’t he B.needn’t he

C.isn’t he D.shouldn’t he

43.It was quite a long time＿＿＿ I made it out what had happened.

A.after B.before C.when D.since

44.＿＿the text a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.

A.Read B.Reading C.If reading D.When you read

45.＿＿＿does he do his work well,＿＿＿ he helps others with their work.

A.Not only；but also B.Neither；nor

C.Either；or D.Both；and

46.＿＿,so he didn’t come to school last week.

A.Though he was ill B.Being ill

C.Having been ill D.He was ill

47.She tried every way ＿＿＿ she could find to solve the problem.

A.how B.in which C.that D.which

48.Lily has some idea ＿＿＿ she’s going to be when she grows up.

A.what B.that C.as D.which

49.To play fair is as important as ＿＿＿＿,I think.

A.to play well B.play well C.we play well D.playing well

50.＿＿＿you go,you should bear the motherland in mind.

A.Where B.Whenever C.However D.Wherever

简单句、并列句、复合句专练50题参考答案与简析

1.C。当主句为I don餿 think／suppose／believe that...结构时，其附加疑问句要和从句的主谓保持一致，并注意否定的转移；anyone焥omeone焑veryone等不定代词可用they或he替代。

2.B。这是一个由and连接的并列句，前半部分为祈使句表示条件，后半句表示结果。本题可解释为：If you give help you can，our country will...。

3.D。本题题干中是带有主语you的祈使句，表示吩咐，故用“will you？”

4.D。What if...为固定句型，意为“如果……将如何呢？”。

5.B。陈述部分的谓语由“ought to ＋动词原形”构成时，其附加问句中的助动词可用oughtn’t/shouldn’t

6.A。陈述句部分含有表示否定意义的nothing一词，所以附加问句部分用肯定形式；另外，习惯用it来指代nothing焥omething焑verything等不定代词。

7.B。含有情态动词used to的there be句型，其附加疑问句可用usedn’t there／didn’t there。

8.C。回答否定问句时，英汉有差异。

9.A。本句为感叹句式，how修饰谓语动词。

10.B。the price of which相当于whose price。

11.C。what he／she／it used to be已经成为一种习惯说法，意为“过去的样子”。what指一种情况，并非指“人”，所以不能用who／whom。

12.B。本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。选项A应该构成It is known to everybody that...句式。

13.A。题中a dangerous situation是表示地点概念的名词，故其后要用关系副词where引导定语从句。

14.B。题意：更多的中学生毕业后将进入大学的信息已被提出来了。由于主句用了被动结构，抽象名词information被提前；主句后应是说明information的具体内容的同位语从句，从句中无须添加任何成分，故用that引导。

15.C。What the doctors really doubt是主语从句，is后是一个表语从句。根据题意及doubt的特点，C是最佳选项。

16.B。用as well as连接两个并列成分时，意义上强调的是前者，而not only...but also强调的则是后者。故本题选B。

17.D。由as，just as引导的方式状语从句，有时也可放在句首，主句前常加so与之呼应，以加强语气，而且用倒装语序。本句可译为：空气对于人，犹如水对于鱼。

18.A。while意为“而，却”，表示两者的对比，这时它引导的是并列分句。

19.D。but是并列连词，因此前一部分应是个句子，而不可用现在分词短语。

20.C。在否定句中，并列成分的连接通常用or，构成完全否定；答语中前后两分句是一种转折关系，故用but连接。

21.D。as the days went on＝with the days going on意为“随着日子一天天过去。”22.A。now（that）在此表示原因，意为“既然，由于”；because表示对方不知道的原因；for表示原因时，是并列连词，应放于句中。

23.B。句中介词in的选用和从句的主谓结构有关，即progress be rapid in，这里的in意为“在某一方面”，相当于rapid progress be made in。

24.C。as可表示方式，意为“按照，如，像”。

25.B。本题前一空考查的是引导限制性的定语从句的关系副词，表示时间要用when；后一空考查的是引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，用which指代主句中定语从句的内容，并在从句中作主语。

26.B。so far as I know意为“据我所知”。

27.D。who可以代替whom在句中作have的宾语。

28.A。主句承前省略，答语只保留了宾语从句；由上下文情景可知A是最佳选项。

29.A。此处where 引导地点状语从句。

30.B。the moment意为“一……就”，相当于as soon as。类似用法的连词还有：the minute／instant；instantly／immediately／directly等。

31.D。本题考查时间状语从句，表示“无论何时”，因此用whenever（＝no matter when）来引导从句。

32.A。根据题意应用连词but表示转折。

33.C。unless表示“除非，如果不”；be prepared to do意为“准备好做某事”。

34.C。介词之后的宾语从句不可用if引导，只能用whether。

35.B。由题干中的and可知全句为并列句，it指代上文的情况。

36.B。本题考查定语从句的引导词及从句的主谓一致问题。因为one前无the／the only，所以定语从句的先行词为the film prizes熣馐贝泳涞奈接镉酶词。

37.A。which为关系代词，I think为插入语。

38.D。本句为祈使句＋and／or＋并列分句的句型。One more step＝Walk one more step。

39.B。yet用作并列连词，可以表示转折或对照，意为“但是，然而”。与but相比语气稍弱。40.D。for用作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，后一分句起对前一分句进行进一步解释或推断的作用。

41.A。对某人的话表示讥讽或怀疑时，可以重复他的话，所以反意疑问句中的动词形式和陈述部分应一致；或者都用肯定形式，或者都用否定形式。

42.C。句中情态动词must表示对现在情况的肯定推测，所以附加疑问句的谓语应用be 的一般现在时形式。

43.B。在“It＋be＋时间名词＋before／since－从句”句型中，连词before与since极易混淆。用before引导时，句意是“过了多久才……”，主句中的be动词为过去时或将来时态；用since引导时，其句意是“自从……以来已经多久了”，主句中的be动词多为现在时（或现在完成时）或一般过去时（此时since－从句要用过去完成时）。

44.D。选A项，错误在于分句间缺并列连词；选B项，错误在于主句的主语并非reading的逻辑主语。

45.A。Not only...but also连接两个并列分句时，not only分句需用倒装语序，其它关联词无此功能。

46.D。so连接表示因果关系的并列句。

47.C。由于定语从句中缺少宾语，故只能选C或D；先行词由every修饰时，关系代词要用that。

48.A。what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语。

49.A。当两个不定式表示对比关系时，to不可省去。

50.D。题意为“无论走到哪里，都要牢记祖**亲”。wherever引导让步状语从句。

如何翻译商务英语 篇4

商务语言是商务文化群体广泛使用的一种特定语言，其内容和读者有很强的针对性。我们如何翻译商务英语呢?以下是翻译商务英语的方法，与你分享!

一、单词分译

单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小旬或者句子。

采用单词分译主要有两个目的：一是为了句法上的需要。

由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点，直译会使句子生硬晦涩，而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺，且不损伤原意。

二是为了修饰上的需要，如加强语气，突出重点等。

英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。

例：We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.

我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。

二、短语分译

短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。

名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。

例1：These cheerful little trams，dating back to 1 873，chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every opening.

这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1873年，嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上高耸的山峦。

车上铃儿叮当作响，每个窗口都是人。

(介词短语分泽)

例2：The military is forbidden to kill the vessel，a relatively easy task.

军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。

(名词短语分译)

三、转换译

转译是指商务英语翻译中语言的词性和表现形式的改变。

由于英语和汉语的.表达习惯和句子结构的不同，在翻译中往往难以做到词性和表现方法的一致。

为了适应译文语言的表达习惯和语法规则，在商务英语翻译中必须运用词类和表现方法的转换技巧。

1.词性的转换

如：Please let US know if our terms are acceptable.请告知是否接受我方条款。

(形容词acceptable转类为动词)

2.句型的转换

如：We have to make it sure that the remittance of commission made as such is not against local regulations.我们得确保这样汇付佣金不违反当地规定。

四、顺序译法

有些英语语句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，或按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，可按原文顺序译出。

例：In international buying and selling of goods,there are a number of risks,which,if they occur,will involve traders in financial losses.【分析】

按意群的关系，该句可以拆分为四部分：In international buying and selling of goods/there are a number of risks/if they occur/which will involve traders in financial losses.

原文各句的逻辑关系，表达次序与汉语基本一致，因此可以按原文译出。

参考译文：(在)国际贸易货物的买卖(中)存在着各种各样的风险，这些风险的发生将会给(有关的)商人们带来经济损失。

五、逆序译法

“逆序译法”又称“倒置译法”，主要指句子的前后倒置问题。

有些英语语句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这是因为汉语在叙述动作时一般按照动作发生的先后顺序排列，而英语在叙述动作时，更多的是使用各种语法手段将动作的先后顺序打乱。

这就要求我们必须从原文的后面泽起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。

例：Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something--something，that is，other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your mind.

【分析】

该句可以拆分为四部分：Unless you are prepared to eat in silence/you have to talk about something/_something，that is，other than the business deal/which you are continually chewing over in your mind.

这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，所以宜用逆译法。

参考译文：吃饭时你必须随便谈些与生意无关的事情，否则你只能埋头吃饭。

你什么都可以谈，但就是不能谈你脑子里一直在反复琢磨的生意。

六、术语精确

商务翻译中有许多涉及经济、贸易、法律等方面的专业术语。

要精确传达原文的信息，使读者准确理解原文，译者必须使用标准的，对等的专业术语，如果不全面了解这些术语，在翻译中会不够地道，甚至让人不知所云。

例如：

open policy预约保险单

flexible container软包装

bill of lading(B/L)提单

P.D.(physical distribution)实物配送

D.W.T(dead weight tonnage)载重

shipping documents装船单据

FOB(free on board)船上交货价

Force Majeure不可抗拒力

Consolidation拼箱，集运

general average共同海损

七、语气恰当

在商务活动中，礼貌原则是非常重要的。

在商务交往及商务文本中，双方都尽量措辞严谨，语气温和。

在商务活动中，中西方都有一些固定的表达方式可以使商务文本严肃可信。

如何进步英语作文带翻译 篇5

如何进步英语作文带翻译

Everyone wants to be an excellent student. So not only other students will adore you, but also your parents will be proud of you. I study hard all the time and want to make big progress, so I listen to the teacher carefully. When I meet problems, I will ask the top students to give advice. Finally, I make it and I am very happy.

每个人都想成为优秀的学生，这样不仅会得到其他学生的崇拜，就连自己的父母都会为自己感到骄傲。我很努力学习，想取得较大的进步，所以我很认真听课。当我遇到问题时，我会向优秀的学生询问建议。最后，我成功做到了，真的很高兴。