出国留学文书

出国留学文书（通用6篇）

出国留学文书 篇1

“Life is Like a Box of Chocolates. You Never Know What You are Going to Get”. Such words come from a famous movie “Forrest Gump”. I don’t know what kind of chocolate life will give me, but I believe I can achieve my target if I work hard with my unwavering belief and persevering efforts like Forrest Gump. As a student of Mechanical Engineering, I have just finished my undergraduate study since July. Next what I have to face is to choose the new chocolate which I have yearned for all long. With four-year study of M.E. in China, I would like to scale higher intellectual heights by undertaking advanced studies in __ University, as I believe its rich learning environment and free academic atmosphere will open my eyes to new realities and influence me to confront the situation back home.

My strong interest in research was born during the undergraduate years at _University. Upon entering the university in , I began to embark on my journey of industrious study in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. My exceptionally solid foundation in mathematics and physics provided me with a stepping stone with which I proceeded onto the exploration of other sophisticated and erudite subjects. My performance in all the specialty-related coursework not only enabled me to secure good GPA ranking me about top 17 in my grade among 169 students but also furnished me with a powerful instrument whereby to materialize my dreams in the research. I constantly congratulated my luck to obtain a lot of scholarships and awards, due to my academic achievement, from the university, especially the scholarship of “_University – American United Technological Corporation”, awarded only for the best students who are both good at academic and social capacity. Not contented with doing a good job in mere coursework, I endeavored to keep abreast with the latest theories and technologies by reading extensively technical literature in recent journals and attending the lecture some famous professors made. During my undergraduate career, I have grasped every chance to do some researching work. I used to participate in at least six projects including the intern work in the factory, mechanical designs and graduate design.

Especially during the period from September to November of , I read many books and journals in the field of mechanical engineering such as “Handbook of Practical Gear Design” (Written by __). In these books, I did intensive reading on the theory of the speed reducer. I investigated and discussed with my teacher on how to apply the theory into the practice. Then according to my teacher’s advice, I tried to organize a team consisting of five members to make a harmonic gear reducer. As a team leader, I should not only take charge of the whole arrangement of project but also make every member of the team cooperate with each other harmoniously. Before starting the program, I, together with my team, made a detailed plan covering the schedule, materials, and equipment. The first step of our work is the design of the reducer. The design plan is as follows: (1) Set down the blue print. (2) Complete 3-D solid model with Pro/E software. (3) Finite-element analysis with ANSYS software. (4) Assembling simulation by using Pro/E. (5) Complete the 2-D draft of part and assembly. After two-week design work, we stepped to the next work, manufacture of the product. With the aid of the technique of computer, we plan the manufacturing process of every part. And then, all parts were made with various machine tools such as CNC lathe, wire electrical discharge machine, vertical machining center, and so on. Finally, we had toassembly all parts to the harmonic gear reducer, and test-drove it for many times. With five-week unremitting efforts, we succeeded in the project of harmonic gear reducer and obtained the highest praise. This special experience makes it very helpful for my further study. Firstly, I find the connection between theory and practice. Textbooks could hardly cover everything, therefore, if we want to learn more, we should pursue every opportunity to have practices. Meanwhile, I experienced the importance and mightiness of cooperation. In the project, we divided ourselves into several parts, not only doing one’s own work well, but also cooperating with each other harmoniously.

Another case worthy mentioning is my design project for graduation, “Manufacturing and Performance of Electroplated CBN Tools”. The main objective of this project is the manufacturing of the electroplated CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) wheels and the research of its performance when grinding the heat-resisted steel. I had completed three steps of task. Firstly, I took charge of the manufacturing of electroplated CBN wheels, covering the following work: selecting electroplating solution, computing various electroplating parameters such as electrical current and temperature, adhering CBN to the tool base by electroplating a nickel layer. After these basic preparations, I had to do the second part of the research work to compare grinding abilities of electroplated CBN wheels with those of other wheels such as SiC wheels, Al2O3 wheels etc. This part of the work needs the researcher’s highly particularity and staidness. I did the detailed work as follows: (1) Grind heat-resisted steel with various wheels in the same grinding conditions. (2) Record data and compute the grinding ratio of various wheels. (3) Measure the surface roughness of the heat-resisted steel ground by various wheels. (4) Observe dulling and pullout of abrasive grains of various wheels by using optical microscope. In this part, we can conclude that electroplated wheels have far better grinding abilities than other wheels, by comparing parameters, such as grinding ratio, surface roughness etc. The final assignment of the project is to find out the most suitable parameters of grinding heat-resisted steel with electroplated CBN wheels, through comparing the grinding ratio and surface roughness of heat-resisted steel ground in different grinding parameters. By investigating the attributes of electroplated CBN wheels and concluding their practical grinding parameters, this project is very important in promoting the application of them.

China’s unique advantage of labor force predicts the resplendent future of its Mechanical Engineering, especially the manufacture, and it is our belief that this day will come soon. On the other hand, there are so many experienced technicians in China, however, with the absence of advanced experts many advanced producing method cannot be used in practical yield. When I worked as intern in some factories, I found that most of them were still using facilities which were used in America about thirty years ago. Therefore I want to use the advanced knowledge earned in United States, combined with my acquaintance with China, to improve the present situation and apply best the advanced scientific technology to practical social wealth as soon as possible. I hope to become a successful researcher in Mechanical Engineering, the arduous but exhilarative field. The significant progress achieved in M.E, with the extraordinary cultural and intellectual sources in your university, has attracted me greatly. Based on the study and the research experience in _ University, I am sure that I am qualified and would be an outstanding Ph.D. student. With the advanced courses, balanced program and distinguished faculty of your department, I would get a solid background for my future academic career.

Yours sincerely,

留学文书写作方法之摆事实 篇2

我认识他是在1984年，当时他来曼哈顿的时代-生活大厦（Time-Life Building）与编辑们共进午餐，顺带夸耀他的麦金塔电脑（Macintosh）。那个时候他的脾气就不太好，他攻击《时代》杂志的一名记者，因为对方报道的一个故事暴露了太多事实而让他觉得受到了伤害。但后来，通过与他的对话，我发现自己被他的强烈情感所吸引，就如同其他很多人多年来受到的吸引一样。自那以后，我们就一直保持联系，即便在他被迫离开苹果公司时也未中断。当他需要推销某样产品时，比如一台NeXT电脑或者一部皮克斯（Pixar）出品的电影，他的个人魅力就会突然间再次聚焦到我的身上，他会带我去曼哈顿下城的一家寿司餐厅，告诉我他正在兜售的东西是他制造出的最棒的产品。我喜欢这个家伙。

其实，作者通过这段话想说的是“我喜欢这个家伙”，但是他并不只是简单地说出这个结论，而是罗列出若干事实或具体事例来展现乔布斯的可爱、直率，甚至暴躁，这些事例汇聚在一起就构成了乔布斯独特的个人魅力，从而使“我喜欢这个家伙”的结论显得顺理成章。笔者将这种写作方法称为摆事实。摆事实是留学文书Essay （短文）写作中经常要用到的写作方法之一。简单地说，摆事实就是我们在说一个人好时，不能只简单说一句“他真是个好人”，而要把他做过的好事一件件写出来，通过具体的事例让人知道他是如何好。

方法分析

在简单了解何为摆事实的写作方法之后，下面笔者主要谈谈在Essay写作中如何运用这种方法。

第一，要实事求是。Essay的内容要真实可信，申请者不能为了追求效果而夸大其词，比如，所举事例要与申请者的身份相符。有位中学生在Essay中提到自己乐于助人，帮助他人就业。这样的例子稍稍想一下就知道不真实，因为帮人解决就业问题显然超出了中学生的能力范围。还有位中学生在Essay中提到了自己去参加实习的经历，他写道“在实习中负责协助业务经理处理日常邮件，跟踪订单，参与客户商谈”。他列举的这些经历也经不起推敲，不要说他只是一位中学生，就算是研究生，在实习阶段也未必能有这样的实习机会。所以，在写Essay时，申请者首先要问一下自己：“这事儿我信吗？”如果连你自己都不相信，就别指望招生官相信。

第二，要注重细节。既然是写一件事情，那么内容就应该包括最基本的5W1H要素（when、where、what、who、why、how），否则很难把一件事情（特别简单的除外）讲清楚。在此基础之上，申请者再辅以更为具体和必要的细节，文章就会丰满起来，人物也会变得更立体。很多学生写的Essay很空泛，真实的事情写出来却像假的一样。还有的学生不知道应该如何提供细节，文章看似面面俱到，但实则外强中干，读来如同嚼蜡。例如，有学生写自己帮助爷爷干农活的事，他这样写道：“I live with parents in the city， but my grandparents still live a simple farming life in the countryside. In the fall， a harvest and seeding season， my grandparents asked me to lend a hand. Out on the field the first time， I was eager but clueless. My grandfather asked me to sow the seeds of winter wheat while he fertilized the soil with some “special fertilizer”—chicken and cow manure. I looked at Grandpa. Eighty years old， with a wrinkled face， he bent like a bow， working meticulously. I followed his footsteps trying to imitate him. Next came plowing， sowing and weeding. I gradually got used to manual labor and was glad that I learned some farming skills.”原稿最大的问题在于，有些地方描写太过抽象，缺乏细节描写。按照摆事实的写作方法，我们对上文划线部分做如下修改：“But when I began working， I breathed deeply and what came at me was the most disgusting thing I had ever experienced！ I turned around and found my grandfather was carrying a basket filled to the brim with chicken and cow manure. He was scattering them about with his hands， and I screamed in horror. My grandfather smiled and said to me： ‘That which stinks is the root of the delicious wheat.’ I was dumbfounded.”在修改稿中，我们补充了具体、形象的细节，从“我”闻到肥料时的反应到对肥料桶的描写，再到对爷爷的回应，不管是事件还是人物，一下子都鲜活了起来。

第三，切忌浮夸。既然是摆事实，那就要用事实说话，不要在语言上进行过多不必要的雕琢或粉饰。真实的事件本身就蕴含着一种打动人心的力量，这种力量不需要通过华丽的词藻来表现。比如，上文所举的例文中提到“My grandfather smiled and said to me”，这句话里只用一个简单词汇smile就把爷爷亲切的形象表现了出来。有些同学却喜欢把自己说成a person who is dedicated to helping the poor、an angel或a knight，这样的描写效果会大打折扣。

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实例讲解

下面我们通过对一篇Essay例文的分析，在实战中了解如何运用摆事实的写作方法。

原稿： My Knightly Life

My family has a proud tradition of rewarding the good and punishing the wrong. As the general manager in a state-owned enterprise， my grandpa has spent his life helping employees to live more prosperous lives. My father is the President of the XXX Bank in Qinghai Province， one of the poorest in China. He devotes himself to helping lift poor families out of poverty. God knows what I am going to do in the future， but I hope I can influence others in an equally positive way.

During high school， I met several “backward students” who often skipped classes. We were all fond of playing basketball. My teacher started worrying because I was now hanging out with “bandits.” Rumors spread. The teacher summoned my father to school and reported my “devastating and crucial changes.” Fortunately， my dad and I had a man-to-man conversation. I told him how these kids often played basketball and chatted about their experiences outside school. For example， Hanyang often worked and carried things on his motorbike for his father， and Futao bought a mobile phone for his mother. Moreover， they could not choose their current lives； they were not born in families full of love or money. In the end， my father and I decided we would help them one-by-one. Yangli asked， “What can we do？ We don’t have any degree or skill.” I said， “My father works in the bank. Can you count？ Can you keep records？” He asked， “Do they require any degree？” I said， “No， the only requirement is working hard. It’s better than sitting idle.” They took my advice and worked on the service staff in the bank.

After a few months， Hanyang said， “I have a long way to go before becoming a formal employee.” He plucked up his courage to go back to high school and then entered Beijing Information Science and Technology University.

Trust me！ This isn’t a fairytale. What I said is true. After I entered senior high school， everyone pursued their own goals. Gaoyun went to the military academy； Zhaochi went to XXX University to study oil painting； Futao is now a project manager in the bank and earns 8000 RMB per month. Chuanmin majored in medicine and works in the radiology department at XXX Union Medical College Hospital， and Zhaohan went to the forestry bureau. Lilei didn’t find a job fitting his major， but went to the Traffic Police Brigade.

Dad told me how， owing to my insistence， he had the chance to affect these people’s lives. They had become inspiring stories， instead of the opposite.

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I am happy and proud to walk on my own path， even though I may be misunderstood and suspected by the others. I will insist on treating every one with a fair attitude， and lending them a hand when they need.

点评：这篇文章的问题比较大。首先，第一段谈到父亲做好人好事时，并没有举出具体事例，划线部分的表达都显得比较浮夸，第二段划线部分也是缺乏细节描写，没有交代清楚前后关系。其次，在举自己和父亲帮助同学的具体事例时，最后帮助的结果不能令人信服。倒数第三段划线部分所列出的都是“坏学生”们后来的出色表现，但这很难证明都是作者和父亲帮助的结果。再次，作者写帮助他人就业这样的例子也难让人信服。针对以上问题，我们做如下修改。

修改稿：I consider myself a basketball buff. I watch quite a lot of American NBA basketball and CBA， the Chinese version of NBA， on TV. Not only do I watch the games， I spend much of my leisure time playing on the court too. Then came the final year of my middle school. All of my regular teammates stopped showing up on the court because they were simply too busy preparing for high school qualifying exam to play. I was， of course， under much pressure myself， like everyone else. A good exam result meant a good high school； a mediocre score meant a mediocre school to match. Much was at stake. However， I loved basketball so much I still found time to play， this time with a bunch of guys who were not as interested in academics and who were said to have skipped classes before.

Some of my teachers started worrying about me. They summoned my father to school to let him know that I was hanging out with problem kids. When my father returned home that day， he wanted to talk to me. Knowing the purpose of his visit to the school， I half expected him to lash out at me for befriending those bad guys. To my surprise， he was not angry at me at all. He wanted to hear my side of the story. So， I told him about what I knew of Hanyang and Futao， and a couple of others. Hanyang’s parents were divorced， that I knew； Futao’s father had lost his job； one guy was considering quitting school to earn money to support his ailing parents. They all seemed to me to be normal kids， except that they were poor； some were desperately poor. My father thought for a moment， then proceeded to say that he was okay with me playing basketball with them and that he and I should think of ways to help these kids.

In the days and weeks that followed， my dad and I did come up with a plan. We suggested some different part-time jobs to Hanyang and Futao， which they accepted and we paid the medical bills for the other. I count my blessings often： my father is a successful， albeit very busy man； he allows me to make judgment calls and trusts that I will make them to the best of my ability； he is a generous person who cares deeply about those who are less fortunate.

My basketball friends and I have moved on to different places， but we still keep in touch. I know Futao is now a fulltime project manager of a local bank： the same bank my dad and I got him a part-time position in； Hanyang is currently a freshman at XXX Information Science and Technology University. Sadly， it is now next to impossible to get together to play basketball again， but whenever we get on the phone we talk about it all the time.

点评：原稿中作者为了表扬自己不惜夸大其词，修改稿中我们把难以令人信服的赞美之词去掉，剩下一个真实可信的故事。由于作者的父亲比较有实力也有能力去帮助贫困学生，所以修改稿中我们把“功劳”归功于父亲，即便这样，我们也没有夸大作者父亲的作为。这从一个侧面反映了作者本人的低调和谦虚。

出国留学文书 篇3

最好的莫过于第一种结果，终于完成文书篇，接下来可以踏踏实实的申请了。

最坏的是第二种反应吗？如果这么糟糕的文书是自己写的，那么别无选择，反复修改或者找别人帮忙重新写过便是；糟糕的是如果你认为糟糕透顶的文书是他人代写的，并且你坚定不移地认为这个文书实在惨不忍睹，让你不堪忍受，这就头疼了……

事实上，多数的申请者没有那么自信，拿到手的文书读来读去读了不下10遍了，依然无法判断好还是不好还是不够好，也就是第三种情形，于是决定多找几个人看看，于是更多的问题来了，公说公有理婆说婆有理，本来已经够乱了，随着越来越多的人的阅读，也越来越扑朔迷离……

所有这些问题的根源只有一个：因为没有一个定理。没有一个定理摆在那里说用but是对的，用yet就一定是错的；没有一个定理摆在那里说A结构一定比B结构优秀；也没有一个定理摆在那里说用银行的素材会比证券公司的素材更精确击中对方心理……

也因为没有一个定理，谁都可以就你的文书发表所谓的看法和意见，而在文书的成稿上烦恼越多的人基本在生活上也是越前怕狼后怕虎、犹豫不决的人，如果非常不幸地，你也在为这件事情烦恼着，我想我能做的不是让你找某个所谓的专家再去看你的文书，而是可以考虑从下面几个方面自我做出一定的判断，我们在判断申请者的文书是否足够用来申请的标准通常有这么几个（事实上，所有的文章也都要从这几个方面考量）：

语言方面：

对自己语言功底持怀疑态度者和对自己语言功底持否定态度者（事实上，这些人多是生活中的智者与谦虚者），你需要的是一气呵成的感觉，也就是说你在读你的文书时很顺畅，即使有一些不认识的单词，也不会妨碍你读完一篇之后长舒一口气，能做到这一点的文章已经属于上乘之作了。

语言这个东西是最没有定理的，就好像有人喜欢杜甫的诗，而有人喜欢李白的诗一样，在英语的写作中，你不能说你喜欢用yet，而别人用but就错了；你喜欢用so，而别人用therefore就错了。语言经常不是对与错的问题，更多的是“好”与“更好”的问题，可是我并不觉得有多少人可以有资格去讨论“好”与“更好”，关于为什么我这样认为，只需将心比心地来思考一下你是否觉得自己有能力来跟别人讨论汉语文章哪样用词更好呢？如果在母语上都做不到，怎么能有勇气在“外”语上去计较呢？

而如果文章当中有语法错误则不在此讨论范围之内，有少数几个语法错误还是可以谅解的，如果多了，就要去质疑语言功底了。

内容方面：

在内容方面最有权利对自己的文书做出判断的只有一个人，那就是你自己，因为你自己的素材你自己最清楚。所以别人最没有资格对你的文书说三道四的就是你的内容方面。在这个方面，你需要考虑的是：是不是你所有的比较有价值的素材都已经得到了良好的体现？如果回答是肯定的，那么你已经有效利用了你的文书空间；如果回答是否定的，那么只能依赖你自己重新进行素材的整合与分配。

很多申请者把自己已经写好的文书拿给他人去看，对方看过后说感觉写得不好呢，可是也说不出来是哪里写得不好（事实上，很多人都是这样不负责任地评价别人的文书），于是申请者找到我的时候就很苦恼，在这种时候我一般会问的问题就是：“你认为你的这篇个人陈述是不是已经把你最有价值的素材都写出来了？你还有其它的可以值得一说的素材吗？”我觉得我说到这里，大家也该懂了。既然能写出来的素材都已经写出来了，还有什么好挑剔的呢？

再挑剔就不是去挑剔内容方面了。

结构方面：

在明确了自己的文书在语言和内容方面是否合格之后，接下来要看的是结构方面，在读完自己的文书之后，结构是不是清晰且有条理？所谓清晰，指的是主题是否明确，所谓有条理指的是逻辑是否鲜明，就算你没有能力判断语言好坏和内容丰满与否，你至少是有能力来判断结构是否符合我们在前面所列出来的所有的要求的，只要符合了那些标准，那么结构方面即可通关。

在从这三个方面分别把关之后，每个人心里都基本会有一个概念——判断文书好坏的概念，有了这个概念之后，你便可大致自行做出判断了。而对于最开始列出来的三种类型的反应也可以大致做出回应了：

第一种：依然是圆满的结局。

第二种：如果文书是他人代写，建议你不要武断地自己做出决定，不妨回头听一下写作者的说法，如果写作者的说法不能令你满意，不妨再找另外的人帮忙看一下，因为我很担心，有时候因为武断而坏了事儿。多一个人把关总是好的吧。

第三种：进入扑朔迷离阶段：这个阶段是很多申请者都会经过的，最开始可能觉得文书还不错，于是拿给别人去看一下吧，可是因为没有定理这一特点，于是有人发出了质疑声，于是你开始动摇了，再去看的时候好像确实是有那么点问题……如此一来反反复复，最终进入了自己也搞不清楚状况的死胡同。

无论是对于哪一种情形，我能说的就是最终的最终，选择相信自己！

你自己有能力、有义务对自己的文书做出判断，通常来说，一篇文书，用流畅的语言，顺畅的结构，表达出来了你最有价值的素材，它就完成了它的使命。虽然它承载的作用很大，任务很重，但是你不能指望几篇文书为你订终身，它做不到，你也不能要求它做到。

留学入学申请文书 篇4

Dear _,

Putting on my first pair of black ballet shoes at the tender age of 6 brings a smile to my face. Little did I realise at that time the joy, passion and sheer delight it has given me.

My interest in dance started at the age of 6 years old in my local ballet class. It fascinates me in the way we can move without speaking with just the emotion on ones face and the movement created to show such feeling. My passion lies in dance, as this is what I have always wanted to do. I have chosen to study dance at university as I would like to take this path to find my future career.

Ballet is my most prominent form of dance as I feel that this is my strongest dance style. It is so expressive, graceful and leaves so much inspiration. I take two one hour classes outside of school to develop my skills as a ballerina; one of which is a private lesson. In these lessons I am working towards achieving my intermediate exam on the RAD examination board, which I will be taking in summer 2009. This shows the commitment I have to attend these classes. These lessons have improved my pointe work and posture tremendously. The classes give me so much fulfilment and at the end of each class feel as though I have achieved something, improving after every class.

I also attend “______ _______ Stage School”; this gives me the opportunity to broaden my ability to dance in other styles of dance. Every week I take classes in Gymnastics, Ballet, Modern, Tap and Drama. Each class helps me to improve and challenges my ability. Modern helps me to improve my stamina, endurance and technical ability, while tap is helping me to improve my co-ordination. Whilst attending “______ ______” I have achieved my bronze medal in gymnastic dance and Grade 6 ballet. In January 2009 I am looking to accomplish my Intermediate ballet examination on the IDTA exam board. I am also working at Grade 5 standard in both Modern and tap classes. With “______ ______ Stage School” I have performed at my local theatre “The ______ Swan” in June 2007. This gave me the opportunity to perform in front of an audience in new styles of dance including line dancing and a Caribbean style. I will also be dancing here in June 2009.

At school I voluntarily help in a GCSE dance class to help my teacher. Last year my teacher was pregnant, so I taught 20 students their set solo for their dance GCSE exam. This gave me great experience and confidence as I was able to work with the students to help them with a subject I have such a passion for. This year I am going to be organising a dance class for the new year Seven’s, and then choreograph a routine for them to perform in our gym and dance show at school.

Recently at school I have become elected as Head of Year 10. In this capacity I will be constantly liaising with the form groups of Year 10 and discussing what changes they would like within the school community. Also as part of this important role I must organise events for their year group: with their help and support. I was chosen from many applicants who applied for this position due to me being a good role model, influential, organised and enthusiastic. In July this year I ran a workshop for Year 2’s in dance. I spent the day teaching over 100 children the art of Maypole dancing. I also received a very prestigious ‘Head Teachers Commendation’ certificate. This is given to only one student each year in each subject. I received this for my contribution to dance. The school I attend at present specialises in Performing Arts and Technology. I have also volunteered to assist in a Year 6 Technology Day, Year 6 Induction Evenings and Year 10 Team Building Day.

My A level choices were chosen around the subject of dance. I am studying Performing Arts, Dance and Philosophy and Ethics. I chose Performing Arts as this included dance, drama and music. I particularly enjoyed creating a performance in the style of Lloyd Newson. The way he used taboo subjects, risks and humour, allowed me to develop my understanding of dance, to create an original piece of contemporary dance. The reason I chose Philosophy and Ethics is not only because I find it interesting but also to improve my essay writing skills.

Outside of school I work part time at _______ Pharmacy, where I have been for a year now. My duties include customer care, being able to work within a team, cash handling and giving medical advice to customers.

Every week I also attend a church youth group for 11 to 18 year olds. Here I am able to get involved with the local community with projects such as ‘Lighthouse’. This is a Christian summer school for children aged 4 to 11. Here I work as a volunteer during the first week of the schools summer holidays. As this will be my last year here I will also be helping to raise money for a group of friends to go out to Kenya. To do this we will need to organise fundraising events to support their journey.

University life, I believe, will be challenging, engaging and will give me opportunities to pursue my love of dance.

Yours sincerely,

xuexila.com/shenqing/

申请美国留学需准备的签证材料

一、上交材料

顾名思义，上交材料是指在美国留学签证申请当天需要上交的材料。包括护照、1-20表格、DS-160确认页面和SEVISFEE收据。1-20表格是由你即将入学的学校发放的;DS-160表格需要在线填写,提交后可以打印出确认页;SEVISFEE收据可自行打印,以上材料是签证申请时上交。

二、学习能力材料

中英文在读证明/学位证、毕业证、学生证、中英文成绩单、GT成绩单、个人简历、学习计划、录取通知知书、导师简介和院系简介一个都不能少。其中个人简历在一项之内为宜,避开敏感词汇。如果没有G/T官方成绩单的话,就带打印件。学习计划主要包括为什么去美国读书?为什么选这个学校和专业、你的资质来源在校期间的学习计划、毕业之后的归国计划等,所有信息都要围绕自2非移民并且证明充足的资金来源。如果没有收到学校的纸质版美国院校的录取通知书信,可以自行打印录取邮件等来代替官方文件。导师简介也是很多签证官会问到的,有些学校在录取之后并没有分配导师,建议同学们去学校网站找意向导师师。同时,也要打印一-份录取院校的院系简介,方便签证官了解你以后的学习方向。

三、约束力材料

户口本、房产证和你的家庭成员照片。准备约束力这项材料的目的是为了证明你是去美国求学,而非移民民政局的立场,表明自己在国内有固定的资产和亲情约束力,证实你毕业后的归国倾向。

四、资金材料

存款证明、父母最近资金支持函、车证、存单存折及税单、其他投资性的材料证明(股票、基金等),如果父母开公司,也带上公司营业执照、资产负债表、损益表、银行对账单、公司流水单、公司简介。存款证明需要的金额一般要在60万人民币以上;父母的收入证明要真实,不能伪造,美国是很重视诚信的国家;资金支持函就是由资助人证明支持提供资金证明,需要英文版的。

其中,前三项材料是必须材料。几项材料是为了更完整地证明自己家庭资金充裕,可以支付学生的留学费用。美国留学签证材料准备得越充分对签证越有利,所以同学们不要怕麻烦,能够提供的资料都提前准备好，对申请签证有益无害。

美国留学签证面试经验分享

1、美国签证信心最重要，在签证前的几天里什么也不要做，就对着镜子练习微笑，直到微笑成了习惯惯，走路说话不经意间无时无刻不在笑就算到了境界了。会笑的人总是让人感觉特喜庆，让签证官一看打心里就高兴。

2、当你被领到窗口前等候的时候，你千万不要以为签证官没叫到你就不以为然。你的所作所为，签证官高高在上，尽收眼底。要显出你的气质，挺胸抬头，不卑不亢地安静等候。

3、说话的时候，语速一定要慢。即使你的口语再好，请不要对你的英语过分自信，说的时候候只需要发挥出七八成就好了。如果你的英语显得不是很流利的话，这很正常，你本来就是外国人嘛!但如果你说的非常的流利，签证官在与你对话的时候就会把你当作美国人一样说的很不经意。要是万一他一说的快了，你听不清楚就得不偿失了。

4、当签证官表示冷淡的时候，你不要失望，这是他们的职业病。不要因为这个而影响你的情绪，记住保持微笑，即使他根本不正眼看你，你也要始终盯着他笑，自始至终!

5、万一被拒签，也不要气馁。第二次再签的时候本不会由第一次带来什么不良影响。

6、一定要准备几个套路练熟。面试的时候你可能会被逼的要在移民倾向问题上反复解释，要临时想出好几条铿锵有力的理由很难。

7、你说话时尽量响亮一点，但是不要太流利了。

8、如果签证官问到一个你不熟悉的问题并要求你回答时，切记一点：不能哑口无言地愣在哪儿。至于说些什么，你可以把所想到的关于它的相干的和不相干的东西都说出来，要表现出你确实懂的样子。如果能够说出他期待的几个关键词，就更好了。

9、 形象：女生尽量淑女一些，传统，保守，不要大胆，前卫或太美丽，这样无论遇到男签证官还还是女签证官，都是最保险的形象;男生应该表现的精干点，don’t need the formal suit，但太随便也不好。

10、 注意：当你已经排在某个签证官前时，就应保持兴奋的状态，不按顺序叫，听到你的名字后，你走向前，一定要注意，不要趴在台上，有些人一紧张d就疏忽了。

11、听是没有问题，音量足够，也不存在太吵的问题，因为你俩站的足够近;只要你听力力可以，一定听的懂，他的话语范围事先你都已经了解了。

留学美国新生须知

第一件事:务必参加学校的开学周活动

大部分美国学校会为国际生们提供很多方案让国际生尽快地融入美国的大学学习。其中开学周活动必不可少的。美国大学入学前的开学周活动提供了很多学生在学习、生活、健康和安全方面的知识,包括国际生签证证规定和其他各类主题方面的信息,帮助同学们适应新的教育体制,给自己准确定位,在美国学习期间获取更多的资源。在开学周,同学们可以在活动中听取其他留学生在国外的生活、学习经历。在活动中了解文化思想调整和安全等主题。这是让同学们最快速了解美国大学生活的方式，同学们一定不要错过。

第二件事:养成关注电子邮箱的习惯

美国大学经常会通过电子邮件与学生交流有关的重要信息,大到各种教育信息通告,小到如何注册课程每次从机场前往校园等校园常识,都会通过邮件发送给学生。新生还可以通过电子邮件，与自己的同学,或者学长们联系,咨询关于校园生活的各种问题,获得帮助。

第三件事:了解美国大学对学生的健康要求

美国大学通常要求即将到来的国际学生在开始学习之前要打一些疫苗。各地区会有所不同,同学们要了解自己学校的具体医疗需求,这是个当地政府和学院的硬性规定,每个国际生都需要去达到的要求。

第四件事:为生活规划合理预算

在国内高中通常都是走读居多,住校大部分也都是封闭式管理,日常花销家长都为之考虑周到,学生自由己不需要考虑太多生活预算的问题。但是到了美国,新的环境下同学们每月开销可能会增长得很快。刚入学的同学需要通过创建预算来合理规划自己的留学生活,这也是对自己好习惯的养成。

第五件事:整理所有必要的文件

同学们在出发前往美国留学时，应将护照,签证和其他重要文件放入手提行李中,随身携带,而不是随便放在托运行李中。尤其是1-20表格,它和你的护照、签证一样重要。一但这些东西失踪,将给你的求学生活带来很大的麻烦。

美国留学签证有效期须知

一、美国学生签证有效期最长可达4年

外国学生如已通过Visa Mantis审查并已获得签证，其Visa Mantis审查的有效期可达完成经批准的学习项目所需期限，最长为4年，但如果该学生更换学习项目，则审查结果不再有效;如重新申请签证，需接受Visa Mantis复查。

临时工作人员、交流访问者和公司内部调动人员如通过Visa Mantis审查，有效期可达完成经批准的活动所需期限，最长为2年。

如果签证持有人在美国从事的活动性质发生变化，审查结果将失效;如重新申请签证，需接受Visa Mantis复查。

美国留学签证有效期最常可达4年，而且部分签证还延长了有效期，这位不少准备毕业之后在美国工作的同学创造了方便。

即便如此，随着经济形势和政治形势的变化，美国留学签证政策也会跟着变化，所以大家还是要时刻保持警惕，关注美国留学签证政策的变化或在线咨询留学监理老师。

二、美国延长五类签证的审查有效期

美国决定延长F类(学生)、J类(交流访问者)、H类(临时工作人员)、L类(公司内部调动人员)和B类(旅游和商务)签证的Visa Mantis审查有效期。

留学申请文书的写法 篇5

留学申请文书的写法参考

Dear _,

In this age of information, economic globalization is subjecting the entire world to an irresistible, all-encompassing and profound transformation. Any single nation has the likelihood to exceed the boundaries of its domestic market, and its natural and human resources to realize an optimum allocation of resources on the international level. By now, a pattern of multinational competition has developed and China’s accession into the WTO has provided it with a rare opportunity to integrate into the international mainstream economies and to realize its immense development potential. But at the same time China is bound to an important obligation—its solemn promise to abide by all the rules and regulations of trade as agreed upon by all the WTO member countries. Under such circumstances, it is necessary for China to open its market according to prevalent international conventions and practices and bring its mode of economic operation and management, along with relevant laws and regulations, into an international framework until absolute conformity is achieved.

Against such a larger background, the physical and geographical concept of the nationality of an enterprise has been virtually eliminated. The intensification of international competition is bound to create resource allocation on a global scale. How to implement cross-population and trans-cultural management system and comprehensively elevate international competitiveness is a challenging subject that enterprises in developing countries like China have to face. It is precisely based on this recognition that I, now on the verge of completing my undergraduate program, plans to pursue a master’s program in management whereby I may study and research on how international economy operates and how multinational companies apply their effective management.

My four-year undergraduate program in Broadcast and Television Journalism at the Department of Journalism and Information Communication of _ University of Science and Technology has enabled me to acquire an open mentality, acute insights and rich practical experience. I have been the top student of my class, not only because of my consistent No. 1 ranking in terms of academic performance but also because of my role as major organizer of a number of extracurricular activities related to journalistic practices. As vice head of our university’s TV station, I produced a great number of special feature programs. I interned at a local newspaper office and at _ Provincial TV Station, winning a provincial-level award for my journalistic reporting. I was the assistant producer of a special show about _ Province in a serial program “Across China” by _’s Phoenix Cable TV. Through playing different roles, as a student of journalism and working as journalist and TV producer, I have developed an important academic foundation, effective management skills and interpersonal communication. In addition, I have a unique advantage—I have done a second degree in English for Science and Technology. Those factors will be important for my working toward a more advanced degree program.

As a sophomore, I started my bi-degree program in business administration. I prized this important opportunity as I discovered that it is the subject in which my true interest lies. In this program, I have systematically studied all the relevant management courses including Human Resource Management, Marketing, and Market Planning. My academic performance in this program is equally satisfactory. In May , as one of a few student delegates, I participated in the Third MBA Development Forum of China held in the City of _. I helped my advisor prepare his presentation and I also interviewed leading scholars and experts on MBA in our country. This experience significantly deepened my understanding of management and broadened academic perspectives.

My distinguished academic performance in the first three years has qualified me for a direct master’s program in journalism in my Alma Mater. However, I am very clear about my academic interest and my future career objectives. Therefore I have relinquished the offer in favor of applying for a more advanced education in management. As a discipline western in origin, management science is undoubtedly a field of study whose teaching and research western universities are most good at. Therefore, I am determined to apply for a Master’s program The London School of Economics and Political Science，arguably the better of the best western universities in social sciences. Your esteemed university enjoys a unique academic position and an unparalleled academic reputation in the western world, with a large number of leading scholars working in their respective fields. Situated in London where one can witness distinctive cultural parallelism, it will not only teach me the most updated professional knowledge but also ample sociological understanding of its cultural diversity.

In my proposed study, I will contribute my research talents because I possess experience of participating in a major research project. For an entire year from December 2002 to December , as the sole undergraduate of the research group, I took part in the Study of _ City’s Specialized Water Management System, which is part of the country’s “863” key scientific and technological research program undertaken by _ Bluewater Science and Technology Company. I performed field study of the water resources in the _ region of _ City and the wealth of statistics that I collected and codified provided valuable reference materials for the entire research group. In addition, I proposed that BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer)could be employed to construct a small-scale waste-water treatment plant. The most important role I played was the substantive research I carried out for the topic on Lake Management System and the research report that I co-authored. Prof. _X, the leader of the research group, praised me as “demonstrating impressive professional dedication and sound research potential, with strong analytical and problem-solving abilities.”

I have lived a colorful extracurricular life. Learning dancing in my childhood, I became the leader of the dancing team of our university’s art troupe, and launched traveling performances in neighboring provinces. Representing _ Province, I participated in China’s First National Dancing Contest for University Students, at which I won the third prize. Moreover, as a key member on the Student Management Committee of our university’s library, I organized a campus-wide book-reading festival. In , as one of the five delegates of our university, I attended the New Millennium Administrative Elites Training Program jointly sponsored by _ Chinese University and _ General Chamber of Commerce. I have been working as a secretary at the International Exchange Department of _ University of Science and Technology where I am responsible for receiving foreign delegations, offering consultations and arranging lectures and academic conference. Based on those experiences, I will continue contributing my extracurricular talents.

In this age of increasing specialization, I hope to develop myself into a specialist on human resource management with the best training from one of the world’s best academic institutes. Therefore, receiving a quality education from _ will be a vital step to my personal and career development and to the fulfillment of this long-cherished aspiration of mine.

Yours sincerely,

xuexila.com/shenqing/

泰国博仁大学留学优势盘点

1、国家承认学历，全球认可文凭

博仁大学是中国教育部推荐院校，_网和_可查，认证无忧

2、中泰睦邻友好，安全稳定宽容

泰国是东南亚与中国关系的国家之一，泰国国内政局稳定，人民信仰佛教，人心向善，不存在排华情绪。

3、国际教育体制，全球教育跳板

泰国传承英联邦体制150多年，与欧美国家可学分互认，更方便申请欧美，是众多意向欧美深造人士的跳板。

4、泰国留学冠军，更懂中国学生

博仁大学有大概5000中国留学生，采用西式教学，中式管理的模式，服务更贴心

5、大学直接招生，安全快捷放心

招生由学校直招，各地办事处负责配套服务，安全快捷放心

6、全中文/双语授课，轻松完成学业

全中文授课或双语授课，扫除了语言障碍，使学业完成更轻松

7、学费远低欧美，工薪家庭无忧

四年学费还不及欧美一年学费的二分之一，是工薪阶层留学的首选。

8、合作校企众多，100%升学就业

博仁大学与众多中国、泰国企业合作，毕业推荐就业，解决就业难的难题。

9、本碩博全层次，升学无缝对接

学校设置本科、硕士、博士等学科，升学可以无缝对接，轻松完成学历提升

泰国留学报考指南

一、报考流程

需要先确认自己的资格，保证完成了高中或者本科的学习，并且能够出示合格的GPA成绩单，还需要准备好经过认证的学术类材料，语言能够提供合格材料直接入学，没有达标只能报考语言班。

然后获取学校的招生信息，确认学校的基本入学要求，这样方便对软件进行提升，增加自己的竞争力，还需要和学校取得联系，确认自己的申请资格，然后就可以正式提交申请了。

申请需要先在学校的官方网站上报名，然后再提交自己准备好的申请材料，一般是采取邮寄的方式，打包好之后寄到学校的预留接收地址，这样会更有利于大家的进行追踪。

收到了材料之后，学校会进入到审核的流程，大家需要及时的进行追踪，这样在中途出现审核的问题的时候，可以直接联系进行解决，不会耽误大家的申请，能够节省时间。

学校的审核通过了之后，会先发放电子的录取邮件到大家预留的邮箱，如果满意学校和专业，可以直接进行确认，这样大家就只需要在家等到纸质录取的发放即可。

二、入学考试

首先进行的是语言的测试，这决定着大家入学后能够进入的是语言班还是专业班，考核的是大家的英语能力，学校会安排有专门的考试，部分专业统一进行，标准也是统一的。

然后安排的是专业能力的测试，这部分考核的是大家的专业素养，需要比较合格才能够进入到正式的学习中，因为本身中泰之间的教学，就是会有比较大的差异的，基础优秀才能应对不同。

最后就是面试，这部分考察的上面两项能力的综合表现，以及应对突发情况的表现，需要大家提前进行准备，对流程进行熟悉，才可以留下一个比较好的印象。

泰国留学前要了解的事项

一、招生

泰国高校针对留学生的招生分为三个阶段：9月份，1月份，5月份;也就是说如果此时你还没有确定好去哪个学校就读，错过9月的开学季，也不用太担心，挑好学校是关键!

无论是去哪里读大学，在开始教育新历程之前，不仅需要做好刻苦学习的准备，还需要清楚地理解新的学习环境、明智地管理自己新的生活。

二、新生报到

国外高校与国内不同的是，国内高校在招生前采用高考制、分数制严格把控学校的招生比例!而国外高校则采取宽进严出的教育理念，注重学生在学校期间的培养与真正能力的成长，为走向社会奠定结实基础。泰国高等院校亦如此。

泰国虽在经济上比不上日益崛起的中国，但在教育上却毫不逊色，采取欧美成熟教育体系，注重学生在校期间自主学习、实操演练，专业培养

为了给学生更轻松的学习环境及学习机会，泰国高校一年接收三次新生报到分别在9月、1月、5月，只要你做好准备，学校也随时为你提供入学学习的机会。

三、学习、住宿

学习——课程问题

——只要平时按时出勤，上课认真用心，完成集体作业基本上都是可以过的。考试题不会，小组多帮忙。一般来讲，泰国大学开学之后就会划分小组，同组的的同学相互学习合作，当然在小组里面我们要学会主动开口，主动参与问题的讨论，切不可等着别人来问你是不是有问题需要帮助，那是万万不可的。

宿舍——住宿问题

——留学生一般都是住在学校为留学生专门提供的留学生公寓里面的。泰国的留学生公寓环境还不错，有免费的健身中心和游泳池。

四、90天报到

新人入学后要填报，老师带你去移民局办理签证手续，90天后还需要自己去移民局报到，所以请保管好移民局的地址。

出国留学文书 篇6

案例分析

下面我们通过两个真实案例来谈谈在文书写作中如何塑造出令人喜欢的个人形象。

文书案例1

很多申请者为了表现自己，心里想着往好的方面写，却不顾真实情况，无端夸大，不知不觉中把自己塑造得过于完美，让人感觉虚假。有一位高中生想申请去美国读大学，她在留学文书里说自己领导能力强、乐观、品学兼优、尊敬师长、刻苦耐劳、助人为乐、热心慈善、注重环保……这些没有结合具体事实的自我夸赞之词在文中比比皆是。此外，在文书中她还痛斥了班上的一位女同学，说她喜欢炫富，生活作风不好，抢他人的男友，不尊重师长，说脏话，毫无道德底线等。本来是一篇留学文书她竟写成了一篇“檄文”。显而易见，这位申请者在描述自己时写的都是好的方面，描写别人时都是令人讨厌的方面，想以此来反衬自己的优秀。试问，如果你是招生官，你会喜欢这样一个自我吹嘘，并且恶言中伤同学的学生吗？你会录取她吗？在找恋爱对象时，这位申请者塑造出的个人形象肯定也不符合你的择偶标准吧？

在和这位申请者沟通之后，我们建议她把上述有问题的内容全部删掉，把笔墨集中在自己在环保方面的一段真实经历上，在叙述过程中要坚决杜绝出现“正确的废话”，比如“热心支持环保事业”等这样的句子。把一件事写深入、写透彻，要好过写许多件事但都写得不够深入。另外，我们还要求申请者仔细想想环保活动是否存在不足和可以改进的地方，这件事让她学到了什么，引发了她什么思考，等等。我们发现，当申请者摒弃了“假大空”的语言后，她的文字和形象变得非常真实可信。例文如下所示。

I am an active member of several clubs and organizations， but my association with Greening the Environment （GTE） is the longest. It began in 2010 when I was a high school freshman in Beijing. GTE is a non-profit organization dedicated to environmental protection through arts， education and culture. I joined GTE first as a “Green Hand，” translating documents from Chinese to English and vice versa， then as a volunteer in The Great Green Race and International Volunteer Expo that targeted Beijing students. In 2012， I was given an opportunity that would put my leadership and organizational skills to test. I was assigned to set up a booth （陈列亭） at the INTRO 2012 musical event to 1） promote green garbage disposal， 2） use recycling materials as a means of artistic creation， and 3） recruit new volunteers. I brainstormed with 11 high school volunteers I recruited for the event so that we could agree on our promotional material design， our mission and our agenda. By the time I arrived at the scene on the day of the event， I realized my planning was inadequate as I had not anticipated several surprises： one being that our booth was only 3 × 3 meters， too small to accommodate our own volunteers and displays； the other being that the tattoo booth to our right was already attracting a long line. Even some of my own volunteers walked over to see the tattoo artists in action. That was when I saw the humble （简陋的） booth to our left open its banner showing “Water Conservation” as its mission. I immediately approached the person in charge of the booth and said that since we were both eco-friendly organizations on an uphill battle to attract patronage， it might be a good idea to combine our booths and resources. To my surprise， I did not have to do much to gain an ally. Before long， both teams took advantage of our increased space and created a water pipe in the shape of a dragon by using our recycling materials such as bottles， cardboards， and plastics. We invited onlookers to participate in the decoration of the dragon by matching the categories of garbage with their special designations. Meanwhile， I assigned several volunteers from both teams to talk to people in the long line for the tattoo booth and managed to get many signatures in support of our causes.

All said and done， I met the targets I promised to GTE. Flexibility， a win-win mentality， creativity， and commitment to environmental advocacy： these were the personal qualities that contributed to success. In hindsight， rather than leaving things to chance and last minute scrambling， I could have done more in the planning process to cope with different possible scenarios， I could have done more volunteer training in preparation for the event， and I could have delegated leadership roles to team members based on their skill sets and their interests. I found it beneficial to revisit and recap （重温） the experience.

评析：一个可爱的人首先应该是一个真实的人，有说服力的文字首先应该是真实的文字。请大家注意这篇文章中的斜体单词，它们都是有具体含义且客观性较强的动词，这些动词并不难，有些还很简单，但它们从一个侧面反映出作者所述内容的真实性。此外，这篇文书中还详细、具体地描写了环保活动的各项内容，进一步增加了事件的可信度。最后，申请者总结了此次活动成功的原因和有待改进的地方，这一点比较符合我们在之前几期中所探讨的“低调”原则。一个人懂得反思，能看到自己不足，这本身就是个闪光点。

文书案例2

接下来，我们再来看一个本科生申请去美国读研的个人陈述。这位申请者想要申请就读美国一所名牌大学的公共政策硕士学位。他的个人陈述的主题是“中国的户口政策”，这个主题不错，和公共政策有关。无论是从语言还是内容来说，申请者的这篇文章若经过适当调整和润色，都将是上乘之作。可是在叙述过程中，他一不小心把自己的形象塑造得令人讨厌了。例文如下所示。

I used to be a happy and carefree child， but things changed in 2002 when my father had to relocate to Beijing where he was to teach in a university. I had to say goodbye to my friends and my birthplace and go to Beijing with my parents. I was quite excited about the move. Little did I know that I was in for a big shock.

When I arrived in Beijing， it was mid-November， almost two months late for school. I could either join the sixth grade in primary school or skip the grade and go straight to the middle school. My parents， citing some incomprehensible （难懂的） reason of hukou， a household registration record officially identifying a person’s residency in a specific area， insisted that I should skip the primary school. And I did. At first I struggled a little on the academic side， but after a couple of months of adjustment， I caught up with the rest of the class. In fact I moved up to the top by the end of the semester. I did not know whether it was out of jealousy or out of exclusionist big-city attitude toward out-of-towners such as myself， but several of my classmates started laughing at my accent. They would imitate my pronunciation repeatedly and tell me “say again what you just said.” Some of their comments I overheard were downright mean. I was devastated （十分震惊的）. Gradually， I learned to deal with the situation by discriminating those who were merely curious from those who were just mean. I showed the former I did not take offense when they imitated me； I would confront or otherwise ignore the latter. I found as time went on even the latter had lost interest in making fun of me.

评析：在文章开头，申请者开门见山地交代了举家搬迁到北京的原委，之后又描述了因自己是外地人而受到北京同学歧视的情况，清楚、自然地引出了人与人之间存在歧视以及自己如何应对的话题。行文至此，文章没有出现问题。

Then came the time to sit in for my high school qualification exam. I was confident that my score would be good enough to get me into the best high school in Beijing. I never realized until almost too late that not only was there discrimination among individuals， between Beijingers and everybody else from outside Beijing， there was also institutional discrimination against migrant people like my family. This institutional discrimination is none other than （不是别的，正是） the hukou system. One of my teachers told me that I could not apply for the best school of my choice simply because my family domicile （原籍） was not in Beijing. I suddenly realized the reason my parents wanted me to skip primary school was that when a student transitioned from primary school to middle school， the middle school， as a matter of practice， would look into the hukou registration and screen out migrant children. I was furious. What gave people reason to discriminate against me？ My father is no ordinary person. He is a distinguished professor. We would not have moved to Beijing if not for his reputation and stature. Long story short， my anguish was all for naught because my father received his Beijing hukou just in time for my high school application.

评析：本段进一步说明除去个人层面，在政策层面，尤其是户口政策方面，来北京的外地人也受到歧视。“我”差一点被剥夺了考北京重点高中的权利，就是因为没有北京户口。“我”感到愤愤不平，于是发起了牢骚：我爸不是一般人，他是杰出人物，应聘到北京当教授，他们凭什么歧视我？言下之意，我们是精英家庭，不能被歧视，如果是普通民众，你们就可以歧视。本段划线部分暴露了“我”一方面痛恨歧视，向往公平，但另一方面搞特殊化，这样一来，就把“我”之前塑造的形象毁掉了。这样的形象招生官肯定不喜欢，而且就你的择偶标准来说，你也肯定不喜欢这样搞特殊化的人。所以，我们建议申请者把划线部分删掉。

As I entered college， I researched the hukou system， a system I still consider to be extremely unfair. I learned that some efforts have been made by the government to relax the policy， but because system-wide reform has great social and economic consequences， China still has a long way to go before a more equitable and reasonable solution is possible. My interest in political economics and public policymaking stems largely from my childhood encounter with the hukou system.