学位英语阅读理解

学位英语阅读理解（精选7篇）

学位英语阅读理解 篇1

Among all the animals,the ape is most like human beings….1.What does the fist paragraph tell us? The ape looks like human beings most.2.Which of the following sentences is TRUE? Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.3.Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because They like to move from place to place in search of more food.4.Among the three kinds of apes, the gorilla is the biggest.5.The last paragraph tells us that the intelligence of chimpanzees is similar to that of human children.Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age wee H.A.W….1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT ? because Tabor became its leading citizen.2.The word”grubstake”in paragraph 2 means ? to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered.3.Tabor made his first fortune ? by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings.4.The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is ? based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site.5.If this passage is the first part of an article,WHOmight be introduced in the folling part ? Tabor’s second wife,Elizabeth McCourt.Amtrak was experiencing a downswing in ridership along the lines….1.What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage? To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes.2.It can be inferred from the passage

that the drop in Amrrak ridership was due to the fact that ? trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation.3.To encourage consumers to travel by

train,DDB Needham emphasized ? the adventurous aspects of train trips.4.The train ads were placed among

family-oriented TV programs involving

nature

and

America

because ? most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences.5.According to the passsage,the

Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because ? the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised.As regards social conventions,we must say a word about the….1.The middle class mainly refers to

people ? who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions.2.The

most

obvious

difference between the working class and the middle

class

in

English

is

their ?accent

3.Why isn’t the word”sir”commonly

used in Britain ? because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment.4.The”upper class”in England today ?

includes the hereditary aristocracy 5.Which of the following is not true

about the English class system ? Working-class

students

cannot

receive a unibersity education.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international maike….1.According to the passage,which of

the following is true? Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.2.According to the author,the model of

Pepsi ? is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.3.The two schools of thought ? admit

the existence of cultural diversity in business world.4.This article is supposed to be most

useful for those ? who want to run business on International Scale 5.According to Fortune,successful

international companies ? all have the quality of patience

“Family” is of course an elastic word.But when British people say that….1.What does the author mean

by”Family is of course an elastic word”? Different definitions could be given to the word.2.For an English family,the husband’s

duty is? Financial while the wife is running the home.3.Everything is decided in a family? By

the couple.4.What is TRUE concerning the book

Pride and Prejudice? It gives quite some ideas of English social life in the past.5.With regard to marriage in

Britain,present day girls differ from

former time girls in? social position.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory….1.Which of the following is TRUE

about memory? It connects our past experiences with the present.2.According to the passage,memory

is helpful in one’s life in the following aspects EXCEPT that? it warns people not to do things repeatedly.3.What is the author’s view about

computers and human beings in terms of intelligence? Human beings are far superior to computers.4.What is the major characteristic of

man’s memory capacity according to the author? It can be expanded by language.5.Human beings make themselves

different from other animals by? Having a far greater memory capacity.Long after the 1998World Cup was won,disappointed fans were still….1.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ? analyze the causes of errors made by football referees.2.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ? quite unexpected.3.The findings of the experiment show that ? errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball.4.The word”officials”most probably refers to ? the referees of the football tournament.5.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experimen? Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.Most Shoplifters agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities….1.January is a good month for shoplifters because? There are so many people in the store.2.The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended? To make films that can be used as evidence 3.The case last October was important because ? knew that the detective had seen her 4.The woman stealing perfume ? guessed what the sputniks were for.5.The woman’s action before leaving the store shows that she ? was afraid she would be arrested More and more,the operations of our business, governments,and financial….1.It can be concluded from the passage that ? computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions.2.It is implied in the third paragraph that ? many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered.3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage ? Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.4.The underlying reason for the

comuter criminals to get

recommendations he needs is that ? the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court.5.What may happen to computer

criminals once they are caught ? They may walk away and easily find another job.Material culture refers to what can be seen,held,felt,used-what….1.Research into the material culture of

a nation is of great importance because? it helps understand the nation’s past and present.2.It can be learned from this passage

that? Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.3.According to the author,music

notation is important because? is has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it.4.It can be concluded from the

passage that the introuduction of electronic media into the world of music? Has given rise to new forms of music culture.5.Which of the following best

summarizes the main idea of the passage? The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.President

Coolidge’s

statement,”The

business of America is business,”….1.The statement”The business of

America

is

business”probably

means ? Business is of primary concern to Americans.2.Americans believe that they can

realize their personal values only ? by way of competition.3.Who can benefit from business

competition? Both businessmen and their custmers.4.Government is believed to differ

strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ? its absolute control of power.5.It can be inferred from the passage

that the author believes ? in many countries success often depends on one’s social status.Sixteen years ago,Eileen Doyle’s husband,an engineer,took his….1.When her husband left home,Eileen

Doyle?could not understand why.2.Most people who leave their families

behind them? Do so without warning.3.The man or woman left behind

usually? Feels embarrassed and useless.4.Paul Brown regards leaving home in

such circumstances as? An act of selfishness.5.The Salvation Army believes that?

some women never give their men another chance.So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching an learning….1.The problem with the reading course

as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ? too much time is spent in teaching about reading.2.The teaching of reading will be

successful if ? teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading.3.The word”scrutiny”most probably

means” “ ? observation

4.According to the passage,learning

to read will no longer be a difficult task when ? children become highly motivated.5.The main idea of the pasage is that ?

reading ability is something acquired rather than taught.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer….1.The passage is mainly concerned

with ? the attraction of baseball.2.Those who don’t like baseball may

complain that ? it is not exciting enough.3.The author admits that ? baseball may seem boring when boring when watched on TV.4.By stating ‘I could have had my eyes closed.”the author means ? Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago,it could make no difference to the result.5.We can safely conclude that the author ? like baseball The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched roof cottages….1.Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside? Cottages with thatched roofs.2.What do we know about thatching as a craft ? It is in most cases handed down among family members.3.Thatched houses are still preferred because of ? their style and comfort 4.People in developing countries also live under thatch because ? thatched roof houses are the cheapest 5.We can learn from the passage that ? the English people have a special liking for thatched houses The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist….1.The passage is mainly about ? a possible cause of aircraft crashes.2.What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years ?They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.3.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because ? most passengers refuse to take a palne which bans the use of radio and cassette players.4.Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane’s computers ? Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.5.It can be inferred from the passage

that the author ? hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problem.Today,there many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education….] 1.According to the passage,which of

the folling is NOT a disadvantage of part time education? It requires some bread in one’s career.2.Which of the following isNOT an

advantage of distance learning? Their tutorial assistance comes through

regular

airmail,telephone,facsimile machine,etc.3.What benefit will distance learning

rogram bring to a business? Includes subject evaluation tool

4.Good distance learning program

have the following characteristic EXCEPT?

Professor-student

relationship is srictly one to one all through the course.5.What benefit will distance learning

bring to an employee of a business? Professional growth

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative….1.Advertising

can

persuade

the

cosumer to buy worthless products by ? appealing to his bying motives.2.The

reason

why

the

bread

advertisement is misleading is that ? the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same.3.The passage tells us that ?

sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsl.4.It can be inferred from the passage

that a smart consumer should ? think carefully

about

the

benefits

described in the advertisements.5.The passage is mainly about ? the

positive and negative aspects of advertising.The

rise

of

multinational corporations,global marketing,new communications….1.According

to

the

passage,U.S.leadership in public relations

is

being

threatened

because of ? increased efforts of other countries in public relations.2.London could soon replace New

York as the center of Prbecause ? British

conpanies

place more importance on

PR

than

U.S.companies.3.The word”provincial”most probably

means” “ ?limited in out look 4.We learn from the third paragraph

that employees in the American PR industry ? are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts.5.What lesson might the PR industry

take from Ted Turner of CNN? American

PR

industry

should

develop global communications technologies.The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities…..1.One explanation for the different

character of English people is that? they are geographically isolated from the European continent.2.The word “inhibited” in this passage

probably means?unable to express and relax freely.3.According to the passage,on

entering a railway compartment,an overseas visitor is expected to? Shake hands with all the passengers.4.The English way of commenting on

something or somebody suggests that? the English tend to dispay less emotion than they feel.5.What does the passage mainly

discuss ? The different character of the Englishman and its reason.The largest shark known to us, Megalodon, is extinct.Or is it ? 1.The following is commonly known EXCEPT ? Megalodon is not extinct but just out of reach.2.What makes scientists doubt about the belief that Megalodon is ectinct ? The discovery of a live Coelacanth.3.What was special in their recorded sounds ? To follow the track of the Soviet warships under water.4.What was special in their recorded sounds ? A strange, powerful animal sound was heard.5.What can be concluded from the passage ? Megalodon may be still alive deep in the ocean.There are many ways of defining success,It is accurate to say….1.In the first paragraph,the author implies that ability and environment are essential in achieving success.2.The word”frugal”means thrifty 3.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because they are not rich enough by their own standards.4.The last paragraph implies that success means trying one’s best at what one really likes.5.This passage mainly talks about the definition of success.Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American…..1.The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with students who are either mentally or physically disabled.2.A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy.3.According to Professor Healey,we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language concepts.4.The best phrase that summarizes the main idea of the text is videodisc and special education.5.The word “impairment”probably means disability

When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own pribate space-ferry service….1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? Take Vacations in Space 2.The

phrase

“

berad-and-butter

business”most probably means the business to make a living

3.How much is the two-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington? $98000

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to

the

passage?The

government has little interests in this

project.5.What’s the author’s tone in the last sentence of the passage? Ironical What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home?....1.Americans enjoy fast food mainly

because? It is time-saving and convenient

2.It can be inferred that children? are

not good at using forks and knives while eating

3.Many Americans are eating out and

not cooking at home nowadays because? many of them live alone or don’t like taking trouble to cook.4.According to the text,a drive-in

window is a? window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car.5.The expressin”pitch in with”probably

means? help

While still in its early stages,welfare reform has already been judged a….1.From the passage,it can be seen that

the author? Considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful.2.Why aren’t people enjoying better

lives when they have jobs? Because their wages are low.3.What is worth noting from the

example of Athens County is that? Greater efforts should be made to improve people’s living standards.4.From the passage we know that

welfare reform aims at? Rebuilding the work ethic.5.According to the passage before the

welfare reform was carried out? the poor used to rely on government aid.When school was out,I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard….1.The tone of this passage as a whole

is ? reflective

2.The narrator had most probably

been placed in the C class because ? all children of transient laborers were placed in the C class

3.The basic reason why the people in

the community distrusted the transient workers was that the transient workers ? were temporary residents.4.Which of the following is not

characteristic of Gypsies ? Make ginger ale in their house.5.Immediately after the narrator was

moved to the A class,what was the atttitude of Barbara and Barbara’s friends towards her? Acceptance While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising….1.According to the author,dramatic

changes took place in ?cities but not countryside of China.2.It can be inferred from the second

paragraph

that

?peasants

in

Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants taise more rice.3.The author was traveling to Wuhu ?in

order to visit his grandparents.4.The author’s grandparents ?live in

an apartment similar to westerners.5.Which of the following is the best

title for this passage ? Flash back to China.When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the english….1.In contrast to the earlier linguists,modern linguists tend to ? evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns 2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word”inflection”used in line 5 of paragraph 2?Chnges in the forms of words.3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.4.The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an)？linguist 5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage ? Our changing language.Why does cream go bad faster than butter?Some researchers think they have the….1.The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that ? it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives.2.According to the researchers,cream souns fast than butter because bacteria ? multiply more easily in cream than in butter.3.According to Brocklehurst,we can keep cream fresh by ? altering its structure 4.The word”colonies”refers to ? bacteria communities.5.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack ? while retaining its form.You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need….1.The main idea of this passage is that?

Lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem.2.According to the passage,”special

cases”refers to cases that? students never attended a school they listed on their application.3.We can infer from the passage that?

a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition.4.This passage implies that? society

学位英语阅读理解 篇2

一学习现状分析

64%的学生表示课下会主动学习英语;31%的学生主动参加过英语演讲比赛, 但仅3人获奖;69%的学生通过了大学英语四级考试, 其中42%的学生希望通过大学英语六级考试;31%的学生通过了大学英语六级考试, 其中53%的学生希望通过努力拿到英语专业四级考试证书。在问及“辅修双学位后对原专业的学习成绩有何影响”时, 86%的学生表示成绩无明显变化, 9%的学生表示成绩提高, 5%的学生表示成绩下滑。在问及学生“目前哪些英语技能缺失”时, 72%的学生选择听说技能, 64%的学生选择写作技能, 53%的学生选择翻译技能, 47%的学生选择阅读技能。这说明学生的英语学习兴趣较浓, 学习比较主动, 但学习效果一般, 因为他们遇到这样或那样的学习困难。调查到的困难有:17%的学生觉得和教师沟通不便;19%的学生觉得教师讲得太快, 听不明白;58%的学生体会到考试时间紧迫, 无法复习到位;44%的学生觉得课程太多, 无暇顾及;33%的学生承认自己投入时间和精力不够, 学习考试效果不佳;11%的学生表示学习兴趣逐渐降低。对此, 我们在帮助学生较为系统地学习英语专业知识, 提升英语应用能力的同时, 还需要克服各种学习困难来保持并提高学生的学习兴趣。由于双学位课程和原专业课程或学校活动有时间冲突, 仅28%的学生表示自己从未旷课, 72%的学生承认自己双学位课程的出勤率为“一般没事就去上课”。67%的学生希望双学位课程安排在周末, 47%的学生希望时间安排在晚自习, 还有2名学生希望时间安排在假期。这说明上课时间需要灵活调整, 保证大多数学生的学习时间。

二学习需求分析

本文主要通过学习目标、对课程喜好、对教师喜好、对教法和教材喜好和对课程考核喜好来调查分析学生的学习需求。通过调查发现, 64%为了就业, 61%的学生选择双学位是因为热爱英语, 58%为了多拿个学位, 22%用于实习, 19%为了考研, 11%准备出国。这表明学生学习目标明确且具有多样性。

双学位的课程设置覆盖英语专业高年级的骨干课程内容, 适合具有一定英语水平的学生选择。主要专业课程有高级英语、英美文学与文化、语言学概论、英汉互译、实用英语 (商务、旅游、文秘) 、视听说、写作、日语、英语教学法等。通过调查分析, 61%的学生觉得实用英语 (商务、旅游、文秘) 和视听说对他们最实用, 他们还喜欢写作、英汉互译、英语语法、高级英语、英美文学与文化。对写作、英汉互译等这些实用课程的喜欢说明双学位学生希望学到的英语能够真正服务于岗位, 他们对语法课的喜欢说明他们的英语基础知识需要不断巩固。33%的学生认为比较文学概论, 25%的学生认为语言学, 22%的学生认为英语教学法这些课程不需要开设, 因为这些学科太过专业, 学习起来难度较大且实用性不强。学生希望开设一些外教课、口语课、演讲课、文化相关课程来进一步提高英语实际应用能力。总的来说, 多数学生希望通过双学位课程学习到英语专业的实用性课程来服务于自己的专业发展, 实现双赢。

了解学生对教师、教法和教材的需求, 能使教师在组织教学时调动学生的学习积极性, 提高教学效果。对中国教师的学习背景和职称要求, 学生的意见比较均衡, 他们觉得只要教师能进行本门课程的基础教学并补充该领域中的最新知识就可以接受。53%的学生要求外教教学, 这能提高他们的听说能力和跨文化交际能力。由于学生不是英语专业的, 所以56%的学生喜欢教学语言是中英结合, 英文为主, 当然有27%的学生乐于接受全英文教学, 这对教师提出了更高的要求。对于教法的要求, 学生多希望采用以学生为课堂主体的教学模式, 让学生在学习中展示自己的学习成果, 他们不喜欢传统的语法翻译教学法。对于上课模式, 86%的学生选择不同专业的学生一起学习, 这样能交流学习经验并结识更多朋友。对于教材, 33%的学生喜欢原版英文教材, 这是真实的学习资源, 61%的学生喜欢双语教材以方便学习和使用, 少数学生喜欢中文教材但这不利于他们英语能力的提高。总体来说, 教师要根据学生的需求来调整教学材料和方法。

对于课程考核, 多数学生不喜欢单一的闭卷笔试形式, 他们希望通过英语写作比赛、演讲比赛、辩论比赛、英语竞赛、课程论文、英语证书等形式来评估他们的英语能力。调查显示, 56%的学生倾向于平时成绩为期末成绩, 36%的学生选择课程论文, 80%的学生表示会主动考取与原专业相关的英语证书。因为学生需要准备原专业课程的考试, 时间和精力有限。调查显示, 58%的学生感到考试时间紧迫, 无法复习到位。为了使学生有充足的时间准备双学位考试, 学校应按需协调考试时间, 42%的学生建议双学位考试在放假之后, 14%的学生希望双学位考试在原专业课考试之前。对此, 本文建议学校应鼓励学生参加职业英语资格证书考试, 甚至可以考虑用一种证书代替课程学分以实现英语与专业相结合的教学考模式。总之, 为了实现学生在知识、能力、素质上的全面发展, 我们应该从多方面综合评价学习效果, 最后要给予学生充足的时间准备考试以展示真实的学习效果。

三结束语

本文对英语双学位学生的学习需求调查和分析是探究英语双学位人才培养模式的一个阶段性成果, 这能深入了解学生需求以构建一种适合英语双学位人才培养模式的框架, 从而培养具有比较扎实的英语语言基础知识、一定的中西方文化素养、较强的英语语言应用能力、跨文化交际能力和适应能力, 能熟练运用英语开展工作的应用型复合人才。

摘要：双学位的人才培养模式探讨需要对学生的学习需求进行分析研究, 只有这样, 我们的教学才更具有针对性和有效性。鉴于此, 通过调查分析川渝地区两所高校80位英语双学位学生的学习现状和学习需求, 以期为中国英语双学位的人才培养模式研究提供参考。

关键词：双学位,学习情况,学习需求,分析

参考文献

[1]林萌、姜怡、姜欣.“专业+英语”双学士学位培养之需求分析[J].长春理工大学学报 (社会科学版) , 2010 (1)

学位英语阅读理解 篇3

关键词：研究生教育；专业英语；教学方法；自助式讲课学习模式

中图分类号：G642.0 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-9324（2012）09-0100-02

医学研究生要想了解本专业的最新研究进展和科研动态就必须学好专业英语，以便及时阅读大量专业文献。而日益频繁的国际交流和科研、临床、教学等工作的实际需要，更是要求未来的医学研究者们不仅能够阅读专业英语以获取专业所需的英文信息，还要能借助于熟练地应用专业英语，参加学术交流，完成论文撰写，胜任英语教学和涉外医疗工作等。因此研究生教育阶段的专业英语教育不能仅仅停留在文献的阅读，更要强调语言组织和表达能力的提高，切实提高专业英语的综合运用能力[1]。为达到这一培养要求，潍坊医学院影像医学专业积极进行研究生专业英语教学探索，借助校内PACS教学系统进行自助式讲课学习模式的尝试与实践，大大提高了本专业研究生专业英语的综合应用能力。

一、材料与方法

研究对象为潍坊医学院影像医学专业2008、2009级全日制专业学位硕士研究生33名。在不影响其他课程学习和临床实习的前提下，借助校内PACS教学系统每周进行1～2次自助式专业英语讲课学习，4学期共计84次，每名研究生进行28次。由研究生独立制作完成课件，完成一类或一组病例的读片或学科前沿知识的介绍，讲授完毕后同学间进行相互提问、交流，并可通过校内PACS教学系统进行病例的追加讨论和读片练习，每名研究生讲授、回答完毕后，由指导教师及时进行总结和点评。通过毕业前专业英语综合测试评价教学效果，包括专业英语笔试和专业英语口试，并以2007级13名全日制专业学位硕士研究生（未进行自助式讲课学习）成绩为对照，应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析。

二、结果

进行自助式专业英语讲课学习的研究生成绩在专业英语笔试和专业英语口试测试中成绩均高于与未进行自助式专业英语讲课的研究生，其差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

表1自助式讲课学习组与对照组英语成绩比较

通过座谈显示在以下几个方面：是否能提高你对专业英语的学习兴趣？是否有利于专业英语的学习？是否有利于口语能力的提高？是否有利于专业文献的查阅和翻译？教学效果是否比课堂教学或其他方式更易接受？效果是否更好？等等，研究生都选择了肯定的答案，可以看出研究生学习英语的积极性有所提高。问卷调查结果亦显示进行自助式专业英语讲课学习研究生每周用于学习专业英语的时间（5.67±1.11）明显多于对照组（3.50±0.92），其差异具有统计学意义（t=4.31，P<0.001）。

三、讨论

和目前大多数课程一样，医学专业英语的教学也是课堂授课的形式为主，而这种“教师讲、学生听”的授课模式，难免使研究生养成被动学习的习惯，无法调动研究生的学习积极性。而自助式讲课学习模式要求研究生独立完成课件的制作、讲授并接受提问，这就需要研究生在学习过程中主动地、积极地思考并独立完成大量的准备工作，包括专业知识的准备、日常英语会话的准备、专业英语的准备等多个方面，充分发挥了研究生的主观能动性，使得“被动学习”变为“主动学习”。研究生本身具有一定的专业知识和英语基础，他们是学习的主体，通过自助式专业英语讲课学习模式能够充分调动他们的学习积极性，锻炼研究生在专业英语的阅读、写作、表达等方面的能力，尤其是研究生的口语表达和沟通能力。可见通过这种模式，不仅能够有效地提高研究生的专业英语水平，还能达到提高研究生的自学能力的目的，对其今后的学习和发展有着极大地裨益。目前多数医学院校的专业英语教学都是由公共英语教师承担。公共英语教师虽具备较高的英语语言功底和教学能力但却普遍缺乏医学专业知识。由于医学专业英语课程的特殊性，对教师提出了较高要求：既要有较高的英语功底，又要有专业的医学知识。教师的专业知识和英语水平不仅仅给研究生在学习过程中予以良好的指导，更重要的是通过指导过程的展示，可以为学生树立榜样，从精神上给予学生激励。我专业充分利用学科优势，聘请本专业有留学生教学经验和有留学经历的导师参与专业英语教学，借助于其较高的英语素养和丰富的临床经验予以指导、点评，真正做到“总结→拓展→提高”。专业英语的学习应同时兼顾专业知识和英语知识的学习，只有将两者结合才能真正做到同步提高。在实际教学过程中，我们充分利用本校PACS教学系统将影像专业知识和英语知识的学习密切结合，研究生在进行准备时即可调用PACS教学系统内的典型病例的图像，参阅病历、影像学检查报告、病理结果等，讲课过程中师生均可调取资料库中典型病例进行阅片，进行互动式讨论和拓展训练，使研究生在学习专业知识的同时“不知不觉”地提高了专业英语的应用能力，尤其是口语表达能力，这种“有内容”的教学也得到教师和学生的认可，学生参与积极性高。在本学科专业学位研究生中开展自助式专业英语讲课模式的学习过程中，学科的统一规划和管理到了至关重要的作用，学科的统一规划和管理可以使本专业的研究生系统地、有计划地进行学习，享受到高水平的师资队伍的教授，并能最大化的利用相关教学资源，对于本专业研究生整体英语水平的提高至关重要。

研究生阶段专业英语的学习不仅仅停留在专业词汇的学习或是文献的阅读与翻译的基础上，而是越来越强调英语的综合运用，这就包括听、说、读、写、译等多方面的能力，这一目标的实现不仅仅要有学生个人的努力，更要有高水平的师资队伍，有学校或学科的规划和管理，院系间跨专业的合作与指导等。只有不断拓展思路，改革原有的教学模式，充分发挥研究生的主观能动性，才能最大限度地提高医学研究生的专业的英语综合应用能力和后续学习能力。

参考文献：

[1]许丹.浅谈为高等医学院校研究生开设医学专业英语课程[J].中国科技信息，2011，（5）：209-210.

基金项目：山东省高等学校教学改革研究项目（2009074）；山东省研究生教育创新计划项目（SDYC11085）

学位英语申报 篇4

（1）、报名资料收集

2012年2月12日---2012年2月14日期间

1，请各位考生将本人蓝底登记照电子版照片(备注 姓名 本科学号 专业 网报号 电话)发送到QQ邮箱775617024@qq.com；

2，请各位考生务必将本人第二代身份证原件顺丰快递寄送

快递地址： 武汉商业服务学院商贸楼 201办公室黄老师

027-84792057

（2）、网上报名

湖北省教育考试院成人学士学位外语考试报名平台http://crxs.hbee.edu.cn 时间：2012年2月20日--2月29日（2月29日晚24时关闭网上报名系统）。报名时间过后不补报名。考生务必牢记自己的网上报名号。

备注：网报方法及要求请见附件一《2012年湖北省成人学士学位外语考试网上报名办法》。

三、考试

1.考试时间：2012年4月21日上午9时至11时。

2.准考证下载时间：2012年4月2日至21日。考生可登录报名网站http://crxs.hbee.edu.cn下载并打印自己的准考证。

3.考试大纲及备考用书：考试大纲使用省学位办与省教育考试院联合制订的《湖北省成人学士学位外语考试大纲》（2011版）（包括英、日、法3个语种，见湖北省教育考试院网）。英语科目备考用书使用省学位办、省教育考试院组编的《湖北省成人高等教育本科生申请学士学位英语考试备考指南》（湖北人民出版社出版，湖北招生考试杂志社发行）。

四，收费

70元（含学位英语报名费+电子照片处理及打印费）

备注：四级证件可以用于申报学位但是可能不返还，但不返还可能性比较小

学位英语小作文英语书信作文万能 篇5

第一：投诉信

Dear _____________ ,① I am _____________(写信人身份)。②I venture to write you a letter

about_____________(抱怨内容)。

③The focus of the complaint is _____________(抱怨内容的核心)。④For one thing,_____________(抱怨内容的一个方面)。⑤For another, _____________(抱怨内容的另一方面)。⑥ Honestly speaking, _____________(客观的评论)。⑦But _____________(抱怨产生的原因)。⑧All in all, There is still much room for improvement.⑨Before I take any further action, Ido hope _____________(表达本人的愿望)。⑩Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第二：邀请信

Dear_____________ ,①_____________(开门见山提出事件/活动、地点、时间).②It would be pleasant/honored to have you here.③During the party/conference, we will have lots of activities you will be interested in.④First, ____________(要举行的活动内容一).⑤Second, __________(要举行的活动内容二).⑥I know/believe that you will be very interested in_____________.⑦First/For one thing, _____________(受邀请人参加的理由一).⑧Second/For another, _____________(受邀请人参加的理由二).⑨The conference/party would not be complete without you!

⑩The party/conference will begin at 时间and we do hope you can come.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第三：请求信

Dear_____________ ,①I am_____________(介绍自己的身份)。②I will/am_____________(与请求有关的自身现状)。③I’d like to_____________(阐明自己的请求)。④I will appreciate your_____________(有关该请求的详细信息).⑤I’m going to _____________(对方如能帮助实现请求，自己将要做些什么)。⑥Here are the reasons why_____________(承上启下，开始解释原因)⑦For one thing, _____________(请求的原因一);For another, _____________(原因二)。⑧Therefore,_____________(总结写信的目的)。

⑨ I shall be much obliged to you if you _____________(对收信人的期望)。⑩Thanks for your king consideration and Ilook forward to receiving your earliest reply.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第四：道歉信

Dear_____________ ,①I am excessively sorry to say/tell yo that _____________(直接说出道歉事由)。②Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret.③Please accept my sincere apology.④I hope you will understand me and excuse me for _____________(请求对方原谅的事由)。⑤The reason for my delay/absence was that _____________(过失的原因)。⑥I had no way out because_____________自己当时的处境和情况。⑦Therefore it’s not in my power

to_____________(过失导致的结果)。

⑧Naturally, Iwant to suggest _____________(建议下次再实现愿望)。⑨I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you_____________(约定下次见面的时间和地点)。⑩We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第五：感谢信

Dear _____________ ,①I am now writing these few lines to express my sincere thanks for _____________(感谢事由)。②I’d like you to know how much your meant to me.③You have a positive genius

for_____________(对收信人某一方面的赞美).④I not only enjoyed _____________, but

also_____________.⑤I shall ever remenber_____________as one of the

most_____________in my life.⑥I hope to have the opportunity of reciprocating.⑦I will fiil very honored and pleased if you_____________(表达自己回报的心愿)。⑧I am looking forward to seeing you next time!

⑨I repeat my thanks again for your_____.⑩Please give my kind regards to your________.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第六：建议信

Dear_____________,①I am delihgted to learn that _____________(写信的原因)。②In my opinion,_____________(表述建议内容)。③On the one hand, _____________(提出建议的理由一)。④On the other hand, _____________(建议的理由二)。

⑤As to _____________(具体到某一方面的建议)，I suggest_____________(建议内容)。⑥If _____________(供被建议人选择的条件)。⑦It is unnecessary for you to _____________(建议内容的另一方面)。⑧In addition, _____________(其他的建议)，⑨I am sure_____________(对建议内容所作的承诺)。

⑩Please inform me_____________(期望被建议人作出的回应)。

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第七：求职信

Dear_____________ ,①I am applying for the position of _____________(想申请的职务)advertised

in_____________.②I majored in_____________(专业)。③My training in _____________(接受过的培训)definitely meets your qualifications.④My complete resume is attached.⑤I will graduate on _____________(毕业时间)from _____________(毕业院校)。⑥In addition to the required courses of my major, I have_____________(除专业外，选修的课程)。⑦I also have some experience in_____________(曾有过的社会工作经验)。⑧You will find me to

be_____________(请对方对自己有信心)。

⑨May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑩I can be reached by telephone。Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第八：询问信

示例：

Dear ______,I am _________________________(自我介绍).I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_______.(要询问的内容)

First of all, what are _________________________________?(第一个问题)Secondly, when will________________________________?(第二个问题)Thirdly, is _________________?(第三个问题)

I would also like to inquire _______________________________(将最重要的问题单独成段).Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第九：祝贺信

示例：

Dear_____________,①I have learned with delight that you_____________(祝贺事由)。②I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on_____________.③you must be_____________.④And I feel very happy for you.⑤_____________(所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news!⑥I kwnw this is surely owing to _____________(被祝贺人过去的努力).⑦It is a reward you richly deserve for

your_____________(被祝贺人的优点)。

⑧Kindly let me know when you_____________(咨询对方何时有空).⑨I hope

_____________(表达自己的愿望).⑩My best wishes for your further success.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

第十：推荐信(求职/求学)

示例：

Dear ,①It affords me much pleasure to recommend to you.②During his/her graduate years he/she was my.③As his/her I found him/her.④His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding.⑤First, he/she had been and showed great talents in.⑥In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality.⑦He has

developed a strong sense of , and working with him is always.⑧I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being.⑨Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart.⑩Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university? I am sure that his/her future conduct/academic work will prove worthy of your confidence.I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment

Yours sincerely

学士学位英语全省统考通知 篇6

外国语水平全省统考工作的通知

各二级学院、各教学点:

为做好我校2013年成人高等教育学士学位外国语水平全省统考工作，现将有

关事宜通知如下：

一、报考对象 专升本各专业的在校生、应届毕业生拟申请学士学位者。

二、报名时间

考试报名工作采用网上报名与现场确认相结合的方法

1、网上报名时间：2013年3月20日至4月10日。

网址：http://xwb.gdhed.edu.cn/。

申请学士学位外国语水平全省统一考试肇庆学院代码：44312、现场确认拍照报名时间：考生于2013年4 月 11日至 4月17 日；地点：

肇庆学院继续教育学院（第三教学楼二楼232室）进行现场拍照（联系电话：

0758-2711290）。

（注：考生只进行网上填写报名信息，但未到现场报名、确认报名信息、缴

费等，本次报名无效；考生必须凭第二代居民身份证到现场报名、确认报名信息

和交费，无第二代居民身份证的考生不进行现场确认）

三、考试收费

根据粤价函[2009]186号的规定，成人本科学士学位外国语水平全省统考考试

费按每位考生120元收取（考生现场报名时交继续教育学院办公室）。

四、考试

1、考试时间：2013年6月2日（星期日）上午9时至11时

2、考试地点：肇庆学院主校区第一教学楼（考试地点如有变动另行通知）

3、考试语种：英语、日语

非外语类专业成人本科生的应试语种为英语；外语类专业成人本科生的应试

语种为其所学专业教学计划规定的第二外语语种（日语）。

（考生在考试前一个星期内到继续教育学院领取《准考证》或于5月25日至

6月1日自行上网下载）

五、考试成绩公布

考试成绩拟在7月初发给各二级学院，考生到各二级学院领取成绩单。考生

也可通过登录报名网站查询。

六、统考内容、范围

英语仍然按照2005年修订的《广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语水平考试大

纲（非英语专业）》命题；日语将根据《广东省成人高等教育学士学位日语水平考

试大纲（非日语专业）》（2011年版）命题。需购买考试大纲和考前辅导的请致电

0758—2712002。

肇庆学院继续教育学院

学位英语阅读理解 篇7

词块是介于词汇和语句之间的特殊语言现象, 词块知识是二语习得的重要组成部分。传统的二语学习注重语法习得, 而Widdowson (1989) 认为词块知识比语法知识更加重要, 使用语法仅仅是为了确保词块的使用合乎语法和语境需要。词块能力与语言综合能力以及具体语言技能之间均存在显著的相关性 (刁琳琳2004) 。然而, 对于二语学习者来说, 词块习得并不理想。丁言仁和戚焱 (2005) 通过对口语和写作的实证研究表明, 个体在词块使用上存在较大差异。因此, 如何利用词块知识提高二语习得者的语言技能是目前国内学者探讨的重要课题之一。

国内外学者从理论和实证方面对词块做了大量研究。词块 (chunk) 一词最早起源于心理学, 由美国心理学家Miller和Selfridge (1950) 最早提出用于识记的单位———词块。Becker (1975) 则是将词块运用到语言学研究中的第一人, 认为语言的记忆存储和输出不以单个词为单位, 而那些固定或半固定的词块结构才是人们交际的最小单位。之后, Sinclair (1991) 提出语言组织的两个原则:开放选择原则 (open-choice principle) 和习语原则 (idiom principle) 。开放原则是指按照语法规则要求, 选择正确的词语组装语句。而习语原则是指使用大量现有词块或合适的词语搭配来实现意义, 是词块的理论基础之一。另有Skehan (1998) 指出, 二语学习者通过两种途径发展中介语:规则学习 (rule-based learning) 和范例学习 (exemplar-based learning) 。其中, 范例学习构建预制语块。可见, 国外学者多从理论层面对词块加以探讨。相比之下, 国内学者更加注重实证研究, 主要探讨二语习得者在口笔语中使用词块的特点及口笔语水平与词块水平之间的关系。例如, 卫乃兴 (2007) 借助Altenberg (1998) 的研究框架, 研究了COLSEC (中国大学学习者英语口语语料库) 与LLC (本族语者口语语料库) 的短语学特征, 发现中国学习者在英语口语中的短语学特征与本族语者相比, 既有相似性也有独特性。许先文 (2010) 以非英语专业硕士研究生为研究对象, 考察了二语写作中的词块使用情况, 发现二语词块使用的数量和本族语者相似, 但在种类和普遍性上存在较大差异。

综上, 以往的研究从理论和实证两方面探讨了词块的起源、发展和特点, 为词块在二语教学中的应用提供了支持与参考。但是, 前人的研究鲜有以英语专业硕士生的外语产出作为研究对象。这一群体属于高级英语学习者, 需要具备用英语撰写学术论文的能力。但其学术论文与权威杂志相比, 是否存在差异?应该如何改进?本文试图从词块知识角度寻找答案, 以期了解高级英语学习者学术论文的用词特点。

二、词块定义与分类

对于词块的界定, 学界缺乏统一认识 (马广惠2011) 。被普遍接受的是Wray (2002) 的定义:词块是预制的作为整体被储存和提取的, 不受语法分析生成的连续或非连续的序列。国内学者从语法学和心理学角度对词块进行了描述, 如李小华和王立非 (2010) 从语法学角度把词块定义为语言使用者或学习者在语言使用过程中词汇化了的若干单词的组合;詹宏伟 (2012) 从心理语言学角度指出词块具有心理现实性, 能够被整体储存和提取。尽管词块界定不一, 却有统一内涵, 即词块是大于词小于句子, 介于两者之间的语言现象, 由连续的多词构成, 可以整体存储和提取, 并且具有语法和语用功能的组合。为了行文方便, 以下统称这种语言单位为词块。

Biber等 (1999) 根据语料分析结果, 从结构和功能角度对书面学术语中的词块进行了分类。从结构角度将词块分为12类:NP+of短语片段;NP+其他修饰语;PP+of;其他类的介词词组;it+be+adj.句型;被动态+介词短语片段;be+n./adj.短语;动词词组+that从句;v./adj.+to短语片段;充当状语从句成分的短语;pronoun/noun+be短语;其他表达形式。从功能角度将词块分为三类:指示性词块、篇章组织性词块和立场词块。

本研究参考了Biber等 (1999) 对词块的结构分类, 对英语专业硕士研究生学术论文中的词块特点进行分析。鉴于三词词块比四词及以上词块使用频率高, 同时又比二词词块意义丰富, 特以三词词块作为研究对象。

三、研究设计

(一) 语料来源与收集

基于研究目的, 本研究建立了两个语料库:一是学习者语料库, 用于提取三词词块, 语料选自国内十所重点高校英语专业硕士学位论文, 共40篇, 共计467, 193词;二是学术杂志库, 用于对比分析, 语料选自国际权威学术杂志, 如Applied Linguistics、Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory、TESOL Quarterly等, 共56篇, 共计464, 568词。由于学术论文中引用、举例与数据展示较多, 容易影响检索结果的准确性, 因此在文本处理过程中进行了人工删除。

(二) 研究方法

词块研究主要有三种方法:语法学方法、语料库语言学方法和心理语言学方法 (王立非、张大凤2006) 。本研究将采用基于语料库的研究方法, 提取学习者库和学术杂志库中三词词块进行研究。

词块界定也受研究方法的影响而有所不同。基于语法学方法的界定基本符合传统语法单位, 如名词短语、介词短语等;另一种倾向于语料库统计, 提取两词 (包括两词) 以上的词的组合, 以频率取舍, 分析这些组合的功能。本文综合前人的研究方法, 按如下标准界定三词词块:连续的三词组合;意义上完整或不完整的词的组合 (Biber等1999) ;构成词块的两词之间没有停顿 (戚焱2010) 。因此, 凡是符合上述词块标准的三词词块都是本文的研究对象。需指出, 本文所研究的词块并非传统意义上的词组, 所以诸如to understand the, look at the等三词组合符合词块提取标准, 因此也属于本研究范围。

词块的提取标准也各不相同 (马广惠2009) 。Biber等 (1999) 的提取标准是10/M (每百万词出现10次) 且分布在五个不同的文本中。Biber和Barbieri (2007) 使用的提取标准是40/M。综上, 本研究采用的提取标准是40/M且出现在五个不同的文本中。需指出, 词块提取标准并无特定的统计学依据, 只是基于经验的设定, 以得到合适的词块数量, 即数量不宜多, 但同时又能得到语料中的典型词块。本文利用Wordsmith工具软件将最低提取标准设置为18次 (40/100*46, 46指语料库的总词数约46万) , 提取出现在五个文本及以上的词块, 结果从学习者库中共提取588个三词词块, 从学术杂志库中共提取433个三词词块。

(三) 研究工具

本研究以Wordsmith作为研究工具。该软件具有三大功能:Concord, Key Word和Word List。首先利用Word List功能选中研究语料, 然后在计算窗口中设置词块类型为三词, 最低出现频率为18次, 在标点符号处停止截取, 检索出结果后用人工方法删除出现在5个不同文本以下的词块。

四、研究结果与讨论

根据Biber等 (1999) 对学术论文词块的12种结构分类, 笔者对学习者库中提取的588个词块和学术杂志库的433个词块进行分类统计。但由于提取标准不同, 样本数量有限, 且研究对象仅为三词词块, 因此, 文献中所述的12种分类并未全部出现, 因此笔者将提取的词块重新归并为五大类 (见表1) 。

表1表明, 学习者库与学术杂志库中出现的词块结构类型相似, 都以名词类词块居多。根据Stubbs和Barth (2003) , 学术类文章具有名词性的文体学特征。Biber等 (1999) 也认为, 名词词块是学术写作的基石, 代表了学术写作的文体特征。因此, 从这个意义上来讲, 中国英语硕士研究生的论文写作符合英语本族语的学术写作规范。

为准确描述学习者库与学术杂志库中各类词块类型的数量差异, 表1对两个语料库中的词块结构类型进行了卡方检验。结果显示, LC与AJ两个语料库的动词类和从句类词块数量无明显差异 (X2分别等于0.10和0.29, p值均大于0.05) , 其余三类词块数量均具有显著差异 (X2分别等于10.25, 11.80, 11.90, p值均小于0.05) , 即学习者名词类﹑介词类与其他类词块使用数量均高于学术杂志库词块类型, 从而导致两个语料库中三词词块总量上存在显著差异 (X2=22.34, p<0.05) 。限于篇幅, 本文只讨论学习者过度使用介词词块的现象。

Halliday (2000) 认为介词是英语的次要动词, 有类似于动词词组在小句中的功能, 因此介词词块的功能性较强, 而对于学习者来说介词的运用又相对简单, 这是导致高级英语学习者过度使用介词词块的原因之一。此外, 在学习者库的163个介词词块中, 只有51个 (31.29%) 词块出现在学术杂志库中。究其原因, 可能受论文写作题目的影响, 因为学习者库中的语料大多属于与教学密切相关的应用语言学范畴, 所以高级英语学习者在论文写作中频繁使用与learning、teaching、student、teacher等搭配的介词词块也就不足为奇, 例如of the teacher、for the learner等。其他原因还有待进一步探究。

参照Biber等 (1999) 的词块分类, 并根据现有的三词词块数据进行适当调整, 笔者又将词块类型细分为几个子类 (见表2) 。因其他类词块无特定的子类词块类型, 故没有包含在表2中。

总体而言, 两者的子类词块结构类型相似, 以名词类和动词类子类词块为例。在学术杂志库中, 名词类子类词块的一个突出特点是带of的词块最多, 共113个, 最常用的有the basis of、the notion of、the number of等;学习者库中名词类子类词块也具有该特点, 带of的词块共110个, 最常用的有the use of、the number of、the meaning of等。另外, 学术杂志库中动词类子类词块共有六类, there be句型 (there is a、there may be等) , it+动词短语片段 (it should be、it has been等) , to+动词短语片段 (to account for、to identify the等) , be+名词/形容词短语片段 (be the case、is important to等) , 被动动词+介词短语片段 (shown in the、found in the等) , 以及其他类动词词块 (look at the、tend to be等) ;而学习者库也包括这六类动词类子类词块, 这说明高级英语学习者在动词词块类型的使用上与本族语标准相同。然而, 尽管两者子类词块结构类型相似, 但数量分布上却存在差异, 例如被动动词+介词短语片段的子类词块在学术杂志库中数量高于其他四个子类, 共33个, 但在学习者库中这类词块数量却低于其他几个子类词块, 仅8个。作为英语书面语的一大特点, 被动语态有利于客观地表达事实, 因此, 学术杂志库中的被动动词词块使用较多。而汉语多用主动句, 导致学习者库中运用的被动动词词块较少。此外, 就从句子类词块类型而言, 学术杂志库主要是that、which、as引导的从句类词块, 而学习者多用that (共21个) 作为关系词或从属连词, 少用which (仅5个) , 更没有出现as引导的从句, 导致从句子类词块类型单一。因此, 学习者在写作过程中应加强被动语态和从句多样化的训练, 使文章表达更加得体规范。

为探究高级英语学习者的三词词块使用特点, 本文对比了两个语料库之间的词块类型差异。此外, 鉴于高级英语学习者如何运用英语学术论文中常用的词块也是衡量学习者词块习得与否的一项标准, 下文将讨论高级英语学习者对学术杂志库中出现的词块的使用情况。据表3统计, 在学术杂志库中出现的433个词块中, 有约287个 (67%) 词块在学习者库中出现的频次低于学术杂志库, 而仅有146个 (33%) 词块在学习者库中出现的频次高于或等于学术杂志库。该研究结果与马广惠 (2009) 对英语专业本科生二语限时写作中的词块研究结果一致, 说明中国高级英语学习者的英文写作与本族语者在常用词块的运用上还存在较大差异, 这可能是由于在读研阶段, 高校英语教师过多重视英语专业硕士生的研究和创新能力, 而对其英语运用能力关注甚少, 抑或是疏于强调英语学术文体的写作特点等。

表3显示, 学术杂志库中出现的词块在学习者库中的使用率仅为43%[ (433-246) /433], 反映了高级英语学习者缺乏地道的英语表达, 故产出符合英语语法却表达生硬别扭的中式英语。产生中式英语的原因可能是由于学术论文中的部分词块不同于普通外语环境中的常用词块, 学习者因缺乏必要的输入和有意注意, 在语言产出困难时造成母语补缺, 故臆造短语句子。另外, 学术杂志库的高频词块在学习者库中的出现频次极少, 也与这些高频词块被其他词块替代有关。例如with respect to在学术杂志库中出现了90次, 而在学习者库中为18次以下, 这是因为学习者一般用in terms of替代了with respect to。也有在学术杂志库中出现频次较少, 但在学习者库中出现频次较高的词块。例如, the process of和the importance of在学术杂志库中的频数为18~39次, 而在学习者库中有100次以上。其原因有待在后续研究中进一步探讨。

五、结语