基站维护员月考试试题(6月)(精选8篇)
姓名____:县区____:考分____:时间120分
一、填空题(每空1分、共计30分)
1、P-GSM上行频段为890MHZ—915MHZ。下行频段为 935 MHZ——960 MHZ。BSC中文全称
基站控制器。
2、移动通信系统中多址技术使众多的用户共用公共的通信线路。为使信号多路化而实现多址的方法基本上有三种,它们分别时分多址TDMA、频分多址FDMA、码分多址CDMA 三种接入方式。
3、GSM系统的主要接口是指
A接口 Abis Um
,(列出两个)
4、在三相四线制供电系统中,相与相之间的电压为_380_伏。相与零线之间的电压为_220_伏。
5、列出影响阀控铅酸蓄电池使用寿命的两个重要因素:_温度_、放电频率、放电深度、充电电压(答任意两者均可)。
6、对落后蓄电池的观察测量应在蓄电池 放电 状态下进行。
7、移动通信基站的接地阻值要求在 5 欧姆以下。
8、空调制冷系统主要由压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、节流阀、组成。
9、通信电源系统一般由交流供电系统、直流供电系统、接地系统、三大系统构成。
10、表征天线性能的主要参数有 方向图,增益,输入阻抗,驻波比,极化方式(答对任意三个均得分)等。
11、定向天线的初始方向角为 0 度 120 度 240 度。
12、根据基站维护规程,VIP基站每月巡检 2 次,乡镇基站每月巡检 1 次。
13、天线安装在楼顶时,天线下端应高于楼顶面 2 米以上,相邻小区定向天线最小间距 1 米。
二、选择题(每题1.5分、共计24分)
1、一个定向站有三个扇区,第一扇区的分集接收馈线的标签应该是(D)
A、4102 B、4120 C、4122 D、4112 2、7/8馈线允许最小弯曲半径-单次(A)
A.250mm
B.125mm
C .500mm
D.200mm
3、BTS主要为哪几部分(D)
A、基带单元 B、载频单元 C、控制单元 D以上都是
4、工作地与保护地之间的压差不能超过(C)A、30mV B、40mV C、50mV D、60mV
5、导致基站空调不能正常制冷原因(D)
A、压缩压故障 B、缺相或电压不够 C、制冷剂泄露 D、以上都是
6、基站蓄电池最佳环境温度(B)
A、15℃—25℃ B、20℃—25℃ C、25℃—28℃ D、15℃—28℃
7、不属于交流配电单元组成的一项是(B)A、交流输入电路 B、整流模块 C、交流监控电路 D、交流切换控制电路
8、基站的TRX信令和OMU信令分别为(A 或D 选两者之一或都选均得分)A 16Kbit/s 和 16Kbit/s B 16Kbit/s 和 32Kbit/s C 32Kbit/s 和 16Kbit/s D 32Kbit/s 和 32Kbit/s
9、下面哪个板件是和RTGA板配套使用的(A)A ML6A
B DVGA
C BB2A
D RMUA
10、.在ultrasite基站中(B)块载频需配置1块BB2 A.1个 B.2个 C.5个 D.6个
11、避雷针要有足够的高度(本规范要求避雷针长度在0.8米以上),能保护铁塔上或杆上的所有天线,即所有室外设施都应在避雷针的(B)保护角之内。
A.60度 B.45度 C.30度 D、90度
12、因频率相同产生的干扰称为(C)
A、邻频干扰 B、码间干扰 C、同频干扰 D、频谱干扰
13、以下关于基站机房的要求,错误的是:(B)A、不允许有太阳光直射进机房
B、对机房进行改造时,只可进行为满足机房电气要求的修缮,而且需采用不透光,不燃或阻燃的满足防火要求的材料
C、对于电力线、传输线、接地线、空调管等进线口,须用水泥或密封胶进行密封
D、要求机房内安装有烟雾告警设备,在室内靠门处配置有灭火器
14、空调机组正常工作时进入冷凝器的是(C)A、高压低温气体 B、高压低温液体 C、高压高温气体 D、高压高温液体 15.油机在工作中有大量蓝烟是(B)
A 燃油太多 B 机油窜入燃烧室 C 燃油太少 D、空气过滤嘴损坏 16.发电机启动时,起动机运转声音很弱(B)A 启动电路有故障 B 蓄电池容量不足 C 启动油路有故障 D蓄电池电压不足
三、判断题(每题1.5分、共计15分)
1、空调压缩机工作电流与冷凝压力无关。(×)
2、空调制冷剂过多对空调工作无影响,但太浪费。(×)
3、柴油滤清器第一次清洗时间为运行后250小时。(×)
4、四冲程柴油机曲轴每转一周,喷油器喷油一次。(×)5.维护人员应该严格遵守技术安全和通信保密规定,图纸、资料不准擅自带出机房。(√)
6、测量三相交流电零线电流越大,表明负载越大。(×)
7、检查基站内各连接点有无松动时,如发现接地线松动,应先拆下地线接头,对接头表面进行适当处理后再可靠接地。(×)
8、自动空气断路器是一种低压保护器件。(×)
9、电气安全一是涉及到人身安全,二是涉及到设备安全。(√)
10、离开基站时可不关窗,但必须锁好门,防止失窃和留下安全隐患(×)
四、简答题(共31分)
1、请简述基站月度标准化巡检内容:(6分)
答:
1、清洁工作:(1分)机房内外清洁(0.5)、工程杂物清理(0.5)、设备表面清洁(0.5).(设备包括铁皮柜、走线架、主设备、电源、空调(过滤网)、蓄电池、传输、灭火器、环境监控设备)
2、检查工作:(2.5)A检查灭火器是否有效及数量足够,检查室内温度和湿度
B、检查机房楼面、墙体是否开裂、检查机房内各处是否有漏水。C、检查照明系统、空调排水情况、水龙头排水情况是否正常。D、检查各门窗是否密封、破损、防盗、遮光。
E、检查馈线孔、空调进线孔是否密封。检查机房内设备走线是否规范,室外铁塔检查。
F、检查室内外环境是否存在电和火方面的安全隐患,观察辅助(交直流配电屏、开关电源和蓄电池等)基站环境监控设备设备运行正常与否。检查空调、传输设备、主设备是否正常运行,有无告警。G、交流电自动检查(断开开关5分钟,再合上开关观察整流器、空调是否自动恢复,运行是否正常)、空调自启动检查。
3、测量与隐患故障处理工作:(2分)A:测量交流电压、电流,并与设备上自装仪表指示比较,并注意与前次测试结果比较 B、测试浮充电压和负载电流并作分析。C、蓄电池单体端电压测量、记录 D、空调回风口与出风口温度测量
E、巡检时发现故障隐患及时处理,有告警需分析告警的产生的原因并及时消除告警。
5、做好巡检记录。(0.5)
2、移动小发电机启动前应做哪些检查(6分)
1)机油、燃油是否符合规定要求
2)各种仪表、信号指示灯是否正常
3)气缸工作和排烟是否正常
4)油机运转时是否有剧烈振动和异常声响
5)电压达到规定要求后方可送电
6、供电后系统是否有低频振荡现象
3、基站蓄电池维护内容:(6分)
1)、保持蓄电池组表面清洁及工作环境的清洁 2)检查连接处有无松动、腐蚀现象。3)检查电池壳体有无渗漏和变形。
4)检查极柱、安全阀周围是否有酸雾酸液逸出。5)测量蓄电池组的端电压、个体电压,并做好记录 6)直流供电切换检查
4、简述当Ultra基站中断,传输板亮红灯后的处理过程(6分)
1)对基站传输板自环。(1.5分)2)若自环传输板亮绿灯,则检查基站的传输接入问题。1分 3)若自环传输板仍亮红灯,则说明基站传输板有故障。1分 4)更换传输板(1.5分)5)经过上述步骤后传输板亮绿灯,重启基站,基站恢复。1分
5、列出基站开通的简要步骤。(7分)
1)检查设备的接地连接。
2)检查外部的线缆连接、电源是否关闭。3)插板连线,跳线设置。
4)检查电源电压、极性。5)通电检测。
6)软件包下载。7)硬件数据库下载。
8)时隙表的编辑。
9)调测(硬件配置)
10)TRX环路、功率、误码等测试。11)BSC放开基站。
12)拨打测试(集成入网)13)报告的完成。
举行!各省、市考试报名工作将在近期陆续展开。
摘自注册资产评估师考试网
易会导致较大的汇率风险,企业一般会采用外汇期货来保证将汇率损失控制在可接受的范围之内;企业在可承受的范围之内向银行贷款等。
三、防范与监控风险
写作
本次四级考试的作文题目为:Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling。写作提纲如下:
1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
2. 出现这种现象的原因
3. 为了改变这种状况,我认为……
在英语词汇的学习过程中,学生往往对词的意义、用法、搭配等方面很关注,却常常忽视单词拼写的重要性,在作文中经常出现单词拼写错误。从这个角度看,这次写作题目涉及的话题难度不大,属于常规的校园话题,而且非常贴近生活实际,写作时比较容易给出理由。
从题目的提纲来看,这种题目属于“问题解决性”议论文,这一写作类型在以往的考试中曾多次出现过,如:2000年1月的“解决上大学的费用”;2003年1月的“诚信问题”;2008年12月的“一次性塑料袋的使用问题”;2009年12月的“建设绿色校园”。
按照“问题解决性”议论文的宏观结构,首段应该“提出问题”。考生只需套用引入问题的传统句型即可,可以用两句话左右完成本段。第二段是主体段落,着重“分析问题”。考生应按照题目所给的提纲,在主体段落着重分析造成这种现象的原因:首句应写主题句,点明主旨;接下来可以通过列举、举例等论证手法,写出2~3条原因;本段写四句左右即可收尾。末尾段落属于“解决问题”的段落。首句需要写主题句,指出可以有方法解决这个问题,然后再写出1~2条措施、建议即可,全段可用3~4句完成。
通过分析本次写作考试的题目,我们发现:目前的四级写作越来越“返璞归真”,逐渐恢复到了其对基础语言进行测试的本质,题型也较为传统。考生只要系统学习过近年的作文题目,应该能够比较容易地完成写作。
备考提示:考生应着重复习2004年后的历次作文话题,熟悉题型,总结套路,牢记各种常用句型。
阅读理解
快速阅读
与以往考试相比,本次四级考试快速阅读理解题目的难度略有下降。文章主要讲的是“网络成瘾”,属于目前社会的热点话题。文章通过对人物的采访叙述了网瘾的现象、成因和干预办法。文中引用了各方的观点,而文后题目的出题顺序仍然遵循快速阅读的“顺序原则”,即出题的顺序和文章展开的顺序一致,考生可以根据这个规律缩小查找答案的范围,节省做题时间。
本次快速阅读理解的题目全是考查某人持什么观点的细节题目。在前七道选择题中,除了第2题考查作者观点,没有出现人名外,其余六道题均出现了人名。这些人名对于到原文定位有用信息起到了重要的提示作用。因此,在阅读文章的过程中,考生们要格外留意人名、书名、专有名词等首字母大写的词汇。
备考提示:在备考过程中,考生要训练自己区分文章中不同人物的不同观点的能力,同时注意专有名词的提示作用,把握行文线索。
选词填空
选词填空的文章主要讲的是“绿色建筑”。题目给出的15个备选单词比较简单,均属于四级考纲范围内的基本词汇。在答题时,考生要注意先将给出的15个单词按词性进行分类,选词填空题一般只考查动词、名词、形容词、副词;然后通读原文,通过空格前后的词来判断空格内的词性;最后根据句意代入正确选项,排除干扰选项。
在做题时,考生还要关注文章上下文的逻辑关系。如51题,通过and,我们可以判断出全句为平行结构,因此51题只能填入与前文cooling一致的-ing结构。在选项中,只有选项H (powering)和选项N (supplying)符合,再通过句意判断,可选出powering为正确答案。
此外,文章还考查了一些英文中常见的短语和习惯搭配,如:replace ... with ... (用……替换……)、in the broadest sense (从最广义的层面上来说)、a vast number of (大量……)、protect ... from ... (保护……免受……)等。因此,熟悉固定搭配和惯用结构也是解题的关键。
备考提示:在识记四级词汇时,考生除了要记住单词的意思,同时还要掌握其词性,以便答题时能快速进行分类。此外,考生还应具备基本的语法知识,以便在分析句子成分时知道句子缺少什么成分。
仔细阅读
仔细阅读题属于传统的阅读理解题型。本次仔细阅读的第一篇文章讲的是“飞机上的黑匣子”,第二篇文章讲的是“自我激励的负面作用”。
第一篇文章难度较低,所涉及的也是常识性的内容,因此考生阅读时即使在部分细节上遇到些困难,凭借对此方面背景知识的了解,也能很好地理解全文。与快速阅读部分相似,第一篇仔细阅读的题目也是以细节题为主。除了57题是考查作者观点外,其余四道题均能快速通过题干中的关键词回原文定位,如:58题的Yemeni airliner、59题的1965、60题的Federal Aviation Authority、61题的Air France Flight 447等。
此外,在阅读文章的过程中,考生要学会把握段落主旨句和结构关联词。如59、60两题均用Why作为开头提问,这就需要考生回到原文定位表示原因的内容,并在定位区域内关注表示因果、目的等逻辑关系的词汇。其中全文第三段末句中的to aid visibility即为目的状语,也就是60题的答案。
在解答阅读理解的题目时,快速找到定位点并不一定能保证做对题目,因为答案很少会照搬原文,而通常都会对原文进行改写、解释或同义替换。如60题的原文答案为to aid visibility,在选项中就被替换成了to make them easily identifiable。因此,在复习阅读理解时,考生们要重点积累同义词、近义词等。
第二篇文章话题抽象,观点比较新颖,谈到了自我激励法,通常人们都认为自我激励很有效,但作者却认为这种方法“can actually have the opposite effect”。整篇文章具有批判性,个别句子结构比较复杂,因此有一定的难度。
本篇文章的各个小题侧重考查考生对段落大意的把握,如62题“What do we learn from the first paragraph ...”和66题“What do we learn from the last paragraph?”因此,在阅读文章的过程中,考生要格外留意段落中的主题句。64题“What does the author mean by ‘… you’re just underlining his faults’ (Line 4, Para. 3)?”属于推测文中词义/句意的题目,要求考生在题目所给出的定位点处推敲词或句子背后的真正意义。虽然64题的题干所给出的出题句中并没有生词,但考生切不可掉以轻心,一定要返回到原文查找,并结合出题句的上下句推测句意。
备考提示:仔细阅读的复习要侧重点、线、面的结合。“点”即词汇,一定要注意积累常用词汇的同义词、近义词、反义词;“线”即考点,要对各种阅读理解的常考题型、常见命题思路了然于胸;“面”是文章的逻辑,要从阅读技能上培养自己抓住文章线索的能力。
听力
短对话和长对话
短对话中所考查的内容依然是常规考点。其中11题、16题、18题均考到了“转折关系”,即对话中but后的内容为答案;12题考查建议句型“Why don’t we …”;另外,本次短对话题目还考查了词语的固定结构,如14题听力材料中的“other than ...”。有趣的是,短对话中的16题完全是对1995年6月一道考题的重复,只是变换了男女朗读的顺序。这种原题复现的情况在以前的考试中也曾经出现过,这足以说明做熟历年考试真题的重要性。
在解答长对话的题目时,考生依旧要遵循“所听即所得”的规律,但要注意选项中的同义替换。第一个长对话主要谈论的是“Steve的工作”。对话形式为一问一答式,线索比较清晰。在听力材料开始播放之前,考生应迅速看一遍题干和相关选项,勾出关键词,在听的时候重点听题干和选项中复现的内容,以便能够提前判断题目的答案。
第二个长对话难度比第一个大一些,讨论的是“英国孩子的零用钱”的话题。考生在听的时候要留意对话中出现的数字以及涉及的简单计算。
备考提示:短对话的考点复现频率很高,因此,考生在备考阶段要听熟历年真题,包括距离现在比较久远的题目,熟悉各种常考场景的高频词汇、词组和句型。对于长对话,考生在听的时候要学会“一心二用”,可边听边尝试简单记录一些要点。做题之前要先抓紧时间读完题目中的选项,以便预测大概的话题,减轻听录音时的理解负担。
短文理解
短文理解是很难靠“临阵磨枪”来解决的题目。本次的短文理解题考查了一篇小故事和两篇议论文,均遵循“所听即所得”的原则。在听懂的基础上,做对题目应该难度不大。需要注意的是,此次的英文原文和题目中存在“正话反说”的陷阱,如第三篇听力原文的最后一句:“Tom does not think a babysitter can replace a mother and thinks it’s a bad idea for the children to spend so much time with someone who’s not part of the family.”句子很长,而且句中出现了多个关于是非判断的词,如does not think、bad idea、who’s not part of the family。这就需要考生在听的过程中牢牢抓住作者的态度,不要被复杂的说法混淆了判断。
备考提示:在考试时,考生要注意听句与句之间的联系,争取听出起连接作用的关联词都是哪些单词;同时要“抓大放小”,不要因为不理解某一个词而影响听其他的部分。
复合式听写
本次复合式听写考查的词汇均是大纲内的基础词汇,除了interacting、abstract拼写稍微难点,其余单词都不难。43题的mystery曾经在2003年的复合式听写中出现过,当时考查的是其形容词形式mysterious。对于句子听写部分,此次句子长度都在14个单词左右,不算长。在听的时候,考生要抓住句子的主干,争取在第二遍听完后补全。
备考提示:在考试时,考生要注意核查所写单词的拼写是否正确,学会利用语法知识对所填单词进行复查。同时,该题目要求考生具备一定的语言基础和语言的综合运用能力,只有这样,在听写句子时,才能用自己的语言将句子大意复述出来。
完型填空
本次完型填空文章的主题是“电子商务与传统商务的比较”。对于这个话题,各位考生应该不会感到陌生。本次的各个考点与往年相比无大的变化,仍侧重考查词汇辨析、词组搭配和句间的逻辑关系。本题型综合考查了考生对英语词汇、语法的掌握情况和考生的阅读能力,比较全面地测试了考生的英语水平。
备考提示:在平时的备考过程中,考生要将完型填空题目当成精读文章来反复推敲和研究,从词汇、句子结构、文章逻辑关系等方面进行复习,尽量做到面面俱到。
翻译
本次的翻译题不难,依旧考查考生两方面的能力:一是词汇和句型结构的应用,二是语法的应用。其中87题的“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”结构已经是第三次出现在四级的翻译题目中,最近一次是在2009年6月的四级真题中。89题的“look forward to sth./doing sth.”结构在2008年6月的翻译题中也出现过。其余题目的考点,如88题考到的倒装和90题考到的虚拟语气也均在历年四级的完型填空、阅读理解、听力等题目中有所涉及。再次提醒所有考生,历年考过的真题是复习过程中最为权威、最为重要的资料,值得考生们反复研究,反复练习。
Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments where they had studied prehistoric cultures.
They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias.
The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved.
But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed.
Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.
More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over.
These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented.
This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States past.
In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area.
And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.
26.
What is the main topic of the passage?A.
How the purpose and the methods of historical archaeology have changed.
B.
How archaeology has been applied to studies of prehistoric cultures.
C.
The attitude of professional archaeologists hold toward historical archaeology.
D.
The contributions make to historical archaeology.
27.
According to the passage, what is a relatively new focus in archaeology?A.
Studying prehistoric cultures.
B.
Investigating ancient sites in what is now the United States.
C.
Comparing the culture of North America to that of Europe.
D.
Studying the recent past.
28.
According to the passage, when had historical archaeologists been trained as anthropologists?A.
Before the 1930sB.
During the 1930s and 1940sC.
During the 1950s and 1960sD.
After the 1960s
29.
In the third paragraph, the author implies the questions and techniques of history and those of social science are .
A.
of equal value in studying prehistoric cultures B.
quite different from each otherC.
all aiming to understand people's behaviorD.
all highly technical and poorly written
30.
The equivalent of the“supposedly“ in the last paragraph is .
A.
rigidlyB.
barelyC.
seeminglyD.
ruthlessly
Passage 3
Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather——torrential rains, severe thunderstorm, and tornadoes——begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched.
One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987.
Total damages from the tornado exceeded $ 250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms.
In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles.
With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation——intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or“Nowcast”, was not feasible.
The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable.
Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems.
Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost.
Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information.
Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable
of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols,
and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly.
As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
31.
The author mentions the tornado in Edmonton, Canada, in order to .
A.
indicate that tornadoes are common in the summerB.
give an example of a damaging stormC.
explain different types of weatherD.
show that tornadoes occur frequently in Canada
32.
All the following are mentioned as an advance in short-range weather forecasting EXCEPT .
A.
weather balloonsB.
radar systemsC.
automated instrumentsD.
satellites
33.
With Nowcasting, it first became possible to provide information about .
A.
short-lived local stormsB.
radar networksC.
long-range weather forecastsD.
general weather conditions
34.
With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?A.
Communications satellites can predict severe weather.
B.
Meteorologists should standardize computer programs.
C.
The observation-intensive approach is no longer useful.
D.
Weather predictions are becoming more accurate.
35.
Nowcasting would be best illustrated by .
A.
a five-day forecastB.
a warning about a severe thunder-storm on the radioC.
the average rainfall for each monthD.
a list of temperatures in major cities
Passage 4
The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages.
Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e.
g.
clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace.
Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient.
Soon, the more important second stage was evident——the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (eg.
electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care).
In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace.
The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful).
Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market.
Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services.
Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace.
In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers.
The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage.
It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.
36.
The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that .
A.
it was a necessary step in the process of industrializationB.
they depended on electricity available only to the market economyC.
it was troublesome to produce such goods in the homeD.
the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes
37.
It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage .
A.
some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economyB.
the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economyC.
producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptableD.
whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant
38.
During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace .
A.
as wage earnersB.
both as manufacturers and consumersC.
both as workers and purchasersD.
as customers
39.
Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and service because .
A.
the family was not efficient in productionB.
it was illegal for the home economy to produce themC.
it could not supply them by itselfD.
the market for these goods and services was limited
40.
The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage .
A.
the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for the needed goods and
servicesB.
many production processes were being transferred to the marketplaceC.
consumers relied more and more on the market economyD.
the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.
For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).
Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41.
The town in the valley is by a high mountain.
A.
confronted B.
distributed C.
constitutedD.
dominated
42.
If you lie once, people will think of you as a liar and interpret your remarks .
A.
certainly B.
accordingly C.
approximately D.
appropriately
43.
You have to follow the set out in the book very closely.
If you miss out any of the stages, you will be in danger.
A.
relationship B.
argumentC.
procedure D.
procession
44.
The authorities that the income from exports will rise this year because both exports and prices have increased.
A.
confirm B.
expect C.
prove D.
inspect
45.
The manager of the firm said a few words about Jack, whose was clear only to the people who are present.
A.
implication B.
illustration C.
instruction D.
irrigation
46.
For many people, overeating and overspending are as to Christmas as candles and holly.
A.
integral B.
suitable C.
inevitable D.
compatible
47.
The lightning flashed and thunder .
A.
bumped B.
struck C.
collided D.
crashed
48.
After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly the little rain that fell last night.
A.
drained B.
digested C.
absorbed D.
soaked
49.
Many hunting and gathering people of the late 10th century have recently adopted some form of organized agriculture to their wild food resources.
A.
compliment B.
implement C.
supply D.
supplement
50.
The lawyer pointed out that it would be a mistake to apply this law to situations which are outside its .
A.
field B.
range C.
limit D.
extent
51.
The most important factor in determining how well you perform in the CET-4 is the of your own minds.
A.
sense B.
comprehension C.
state D.
point
52.
As children grow and mature, sex differences become with regard to size and strength, aptitude and motivation.
A.
pronounced B.
denounced C.
mysterious D.
punctual
53.
Some countries love to their own ideas on others.
A.
impose B.
force C.
put D.
emphasize
54.
Gone is the idea of statement and answer, the symmetrical design that is so in the music of previous centuries.
A.
prevalent B.
extravagant C.
zealous D.
prevail
55.
In recent years, psychologists have carried out some interesting experiments.
A.
literally B.
instantly C.
exceedingly D.
initially
56.
She was a great help to her family when her father suffered a mental and had to be hospitalized.
A.
destruction B.
disaster C.
damage D.
collapse
57.
A generation ago, even a millionaire couldn't buy the kinds of medicines commonly available to the person of average today.
A.
measure B.
means C.
medium D.
mood
58.
An unemployed security guard into a fast-food restaurant in California and opened fire upon the people eating there.
A.
stuffed B.
split C.
stewed D.
stormed
59.
A great ostrich egg was hung from the center of the room ,and a corner cupboard, left open, displayed immense treasures of old silver.
A.
aimlessly B.
absurdly C.
knowingly D.
evidently
60.
After John and Bill arrived at the top of the hill, they stopped there to admire the .
A.
vision B.
sight C.
view D.
visage
61.
To make matters worse, by the time the travelers were crossing the channel the sea was very .
A.
rough B.
violent C.
tough D.
smooth
62.
I wouldn't to interfere.
Instead, I let my students make their own decision.
A.
resume B.
presume C.
assume D.
consume
63.
At the meeting they the secret that they had kept over thirty years.
A.
exposed B.
emerged C.
revealed D.
cited
64.
The anthropologists did it in order to information from the time before human walked in an erect position.
A.
monitor B.
assemble C.
summarize D.
gather
65.
In algebra, the sign“X”an unknown quantity.
A.
suggests B.
donates C.
denotes D.
defines
66.
My younger brother has a whole of homework waiting to be done.
A.
stock B.
sequence C.
stack D.
sphere
67.
Millions of American children live in a complex and highly society.
A.
drifting B.
mobile C.
shifting D.
rotating
68.
The teenager lost control over his car, drove over the sidewalk, and into the people walking there.
A.
collided B.
crashed C.
stroke D.
smashed
69.
The result is a population in this country of 150 million.
A.
shrinking B.
fadingC.
weakening D.
dwelling
70.
With the music starting, the dancer began to .
A.
remove B.
circle C.
spin D.
twist
答案:
1.
B 2.
A 3.
C 4.
C 5.
A 6.
A
7.
D 8.
C 9.
B 10.
C 11.
B 12.
A 13.
A 14.
D 15.
B 16.
D 17.
B 18.
C 19.
C 20.
A 21.
D 22.
B 23.
C 24.
B 25.
A 26.
A 27.
D 28.
C 29.
D 30.
B 31.
C 32.
A 33.
A 34.
B 35.
C 36.
D 37.
B 38.
D 39.
C 40.
C 41.
A 42.
B 43.
C 44.
D 45.
C 46.
C 47.
B 48.
B 49.
Directions:
Part One Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)(略) Part Two Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than the y have already. It is not likely that everyone is mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men, and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it is not enough to have a good mind: what is most important is to apply it rightly. The greatest souls are cap able of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can advance much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray. For my part, I have never presumed my mind to be more perfect than average in an y way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the perfection of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of
另外,改革后四级听力中原由的复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写,短文长度及难度不变,这个题型其实和上海市中高级口译笔试中的gap filling题型类似,考察的是考生耳朵的敏感度和单词拼写能力。不少考生可能觉得从原来的听句子改革为听单词和词组,难度减少了不少,但其实,新题型听写单词和词组的要求也不低,因为一旦拼错或写不出来,这个空就没有分。平时一定要有心去积累一些单词的拼写,因为单词记忆不牢,考场上很有可能听得出写不出,或者大致听到发音,想不起来意思,不能有效结合材料上下文猜出来。
阶段三:6月中旬-6月中旬 这一个月是考前冲刺的关键时期,所以真题的演练必不可少。虽然改革后的考试真题资料不多,但以往的真题价值依然很高,因为改革后试卷中没有变的题目跟以前的考题难度、考察模式是一样的。这一阶段可收集历年真题,按照由远到近的顺序,每周做两套真题听力。
每次听力分三轮,第一轮:将没有听清楚和明白的地方标注出来。第二轮:第一轮中标注的地方仔细听,直到听懂,修改第一轮的答案。然后对照标准答案,错误地方的认真分析,标注。第三轮:边听边写下内容,可以先尝试短对话,再写写长对话,写完后对照原文,查漏补缺。另外,真题也是十分丰富的复习资料,可以重点背诵真体力常出现的核心词汇和常见场景。
至于阅读部分,原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解,篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。在没有相关真题的参考前,可以稍微选择一些雅思题目来熟悉,并通过练手来掌握答题技巧。比如,特殊信号词汇在段落和题目中的对应,例如数字、大写、特殊符号;段落首句作为重点信息处理;特别关注段落衔接句等等。
而要做好仔细阅读,第一步就是丰富的词汇量。如果词汇量太小,考场上的文章势必看不懂,那么就更不谈做题了。而谈到背单词,很多人都会觉得头痛,这里建议大家从现在开始背单词,可以试试开心词场边学边测,让你的单词记得更牢。不过,单词背了不用也是会忘的,所以背完单词还要有意识地去用,比如常阅读,常练笔,跟单词混个脸熟,这样考试的时候见到也就不担心啦!
如果你基础不好,要求不高,那么就从考前1-2个月开始做真题,比较旧的真题当阅读材料,比较新的真题当模拟测试,按照考试的节奏来做,严格控制做题时间,刚开始达不到不要紧,坚持一段时间,一定会有所收获。做完后要分析每道题的考点和题型,对于做错的题要想一下犯错的原因,积累答题技巧。
如果你基础较好,想冲击高分,那就坚持精读和泛读相结合,精读就是做真题阅读,然后进行研究,分析出题思路,熟记高频词汇,模仿高级句型。而泛读就是广泛阅读英美报刊杂志,比如《时代》周刊,《纽约时报》,《卫报》等等,熟悉写作思路和行文结构,同时积累词汇和政治经济、环境保护、科教文卫方面的热点知识,因为这些也是四级阅读中的常用主题。
最后,改革后的翻译题型由原来的句子翻译改为段落翻译,占据整张试卷总分值的15%,翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等,长度为140-160个汉字,由于要求大大提高,考生在考场上再也不能随便放弃该题型了。要在这个题型上拿高分,就必须在平时多看多练。目前与四级段落翻译比较吻合的就是上海市中级口译教材中的翻译部分,其中对于中国特色的社会、经济、文化乃至教育、科技类的题材都有所涉猎。大家可以有意识地从中积累和背诵一些和中国节日、历史事件、经济和社会发展相关的词汇。另外,也建议大家关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸,例如中国日报及其网站。
国家食品药品监督管理总局28日公布5月-6月抽检畜禽肉420批次样品结果。抽检发现不合格样品11批次, 共涉及北京、黑龙江、福建、河南、四川等省份的11家企业, 其中北京森顺恒发商贸有限公司生产的森顺恒发前臀尖检出禁用兽药沙丁胺醇。此次部分不合格样品所涉及的标称生产经营单位、产品和不合格指标为:哈尔滨市大江食品有限公司生产的猪里脊肉和北京森顺恒发商贸有限公司生产的森顺恒发前臀尖检出禁用兽药沙丁胺醇。国家食品药品监督管理总局表示, 对上述抽检中发现的不合格产品, 企业所在地北京、黑龙江、福建、河南、四川省食品药品监管部门按照《中华人民共和国食品安全法》的规定, 已责令生产经营企业及时采取下架、召回等措施。黑龙江、河南省食品药品监管部门已将涉及畜禽养殖环节的9批次不合格产品相关情况移交畜牧部门处理。国家食品药品监督管理总局要求上述5省食品药品监管部门对不合格产品的生产经营者进一步调查处理, 查明生产不合格产品的批次、数量和原因, 制定整改措施。调查整改情况需于8月20日前报国家食品药品监督管理总局并向社会公布。
选词填空
为了统一四、六级题型,自2013年12月起,六级阅读中的简答题取消,改为与四级阅读相同的题型——选词填空。尽管如此,很多考生还是会在这种题型上栽跟头,究其原因,大概是因为选词填空题自始至终考查的都是词汇、语法方面的知识,而许多考生都是在凭着“语感”做题。在做选词填空题时,有些考生会把选项中每个词的意思都标注出来,然后一个一个地尝试放入空格中,看其是否与空格所在句子的句意相匹配。但这样处理时,考生会发现很多空格处的适配选项不止一个。况且,选项中的单词考生未必全认识,通常来说会有两三个完全陌生的词。这就要求考生在做题时必须把握出题者的出题意图,这样才能出奇制胜。既然选词填空题考查的是词汇和语法知识,那么考生就可以从这两方面入手来解答。下面以2015年6月的六级真题为例来具体说明。
在做选词填空题时,考生首先要做的是给选项中的单词标注词性(而非词义)。市面上出售的各类真题套装的解析会标出每个选项的词性,然而这种方法在实际操作中往往不可行,因为有些单词可以有多种词性。比如,上面例题中选项F的单词是interacting,这个词既可以是形容词,也可以是名词,还可以是表进行的动词,考生在不知道答案的情况下无法确定这个词到底属于哪一种词性。因此,笔者建议考生在标注词性时,只标注名词和副词,因为这两类词性比较稳定,极少出现多重词性的情况。不过考生也要注意,有些名词具有动词词性,比如上面选项I中的单词mirrors,作名词时意为“镜子”,作动词时意为“反映,映射”,考生需要注意名词的复数形式是否可以作为动词的第三人称单数使用。
接下来,考生要根据空格前后的内容确定空格处应填单词的词性以及词形。什么是词形呢?所谓词形,是说空格处应填词的词性确认后,考生还要确认该单词是否有人称、数、时态等要求带来的变化。比如,原文中有这样一句话:“‘Protecting’ kids may feel like the right thing to do, but it 55 the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.”根据空格前的it及空格后的the learning,考生可以判断出句子缺失谓语,因此空格处单词的词性必须为动词。具体来看,这句话整体时态为一般现在时,且主语为it,因此空格处的动词形式应为第三人称单数。经过上面的判断,考生可以将选择范围迅速缩小到选项C (contains)、选项I (mirrors)和选项N (undermines)三个词。又因为mirrors这个词在前面已经被用过,所以备选范围缩小至二选一。
第三步,考生需要根据上一步确定的备选单词,利用空格前后的内容以及上下句的句意得出最终答案。考生需要注意的是,选项中一定会出现一些完全陌生的词,如本题中的constrained、sneaking和undermines三个词都是考研词汇,对于很多连六级大纲词汇都没有熟记的考生来说简直是灾难。然而从往年的考试来看,超纲词几乎不会成为正确答案,即便是正确答案,也是可以通过其他方式选出的,比如排除法。就上面分析的第55题来说,最后备选的两个单词中出现了难词undermines,而另一个备选单词contains (包含)是考生都认识的。空格所在的句子意思为:“保护孩子也许感觉是正确的做法,但 青少年在充斥着技术的世界中长大成人所需要的学习。”考生可以发现句中出现了转折,既然前半句是正面的语气,那后半句就一定是负面的。如果考生把contains这个中性词填入空格中,后半句就也变成了正面的内容,句子的转折语气就消失了。因此,出题者还是给考生留了一条“活路”:既然contains不合适,那就只能选择另一个备选词undermines了。当然,本题还可以通过构词法来解决:“under-”是一个常用的前缀,字面含义是“在下面”,mine的意思是“开采;炸毁”,undermine合起来可以理解为“从下面炸毁”,符合负面的含义,由此也可以判断undermines为此题的正确答案。
很多考生认为选词填空题考查的是词汇量,其实这个题型本质上是考查词汇、语法、固定搭配等多方面的知识,需要考生投入较大的精力。由于选词填空题难度较高、分值较少,笔者建议考生不要在这类投入产出比较小的题型上花费过多时间,在考试时可以把选词填空留至全卷最后来做。在做题过程中,考生可能会发现有一两个空格特别难填,此时可以先把这样的空格放一放,等确定了后面空格的答案,就可以缩小备选词的范围,从而降低解题难度。
长篇阅读
与国际接轨是四六级改革的方向之一。长篇阅读部分以段落信息匹配题的形式出现,与托福、雅思等出国考试的阅读题型非常相似。六级考试的长篇阅读文章长达1300词左右,通常有15个以上的段落,文章后有10道题目。而本题型的时间分配一般在20分钟内,因此按照传统的阅读方式(理解文章之后再做题)来应对是不可能的。其实,段落信息匹配题与改革之前的快速阅读题并无太大差别,都是考眼力、拼速度。在长篇阅读部分,出题者考查的是考生在文中检索特定信息的能力,因此考生万万不能习惯性地陷入传统阅读方法的陷阱中。考生可以算一笔账,20分钟等于1200秒,如果用于做10道题,则每题分配120秒,而对于每道题考生都需要在15个(或更多)段落中寻找匹配段落,这样算下来,每个段落仅有8秒的时间阅读(还不包括涂答题卡的时间)。因此,在这么短的时间内全部读懂文章内容显然是不现实的。
既然长篇阅读考查的是检索信息的能力,那么考生只需寻找题目中的关键词,然后回原文定位即可。在此之前,笔者建议各位考生先仔细阅读文章的标题。读标题是为了把握文章的主旨。为什么要把握主旨呢?因为在挑选关键词时最怕遇到全文都找不到或者全文到处都能找到的词,而后一种情况很可能是因为考生划了全文主题词作为关键词。以本套试题的真题为例,长篇阅读文章的标题为“Inequality Is Not Inevitable”,由此可知inequality和inevitable这两个词是全文主题词,不可单独用作关键词来定位。确认文章主旨以及全文主题词后,考生可以直接读题目,按照“显性关键词(首字母大写词、数字、时间、特殊符号等)—名词—动词短语—特殊形容词/副词”的顺序划出关键词,然后回原文寻找对应的段落。通常来说,考生只需要找到形似的单词即可,不需要考虑同义替换。下面以长篇阅读的第46题为例来具体说明。
例:46. In theory, free competition is supposed to reduce the margin of profits to the minimum.
这句话中没有显性关键词,所以考生可以划出theory (名词)、free competition (名词)、margin of profits (名词)和minimum (名词)作为关键词。有些考生可能会说:这么多关键词几乎把整个句子都划下来了。但学过几何的人都知道,过一个点有无数个面,过两个点也有无数个面,但是过三个点的面只有一个。段落信息匹配题也是一样的道理:划的关键词越多,定位越准确。比如本题中的关键词competition分别在原文的C、E两段出现,profit在C、P两段出现,而theory和minimum这两个词在文中根本找不到,这样一来,在不阅读和理解全文的条件下做题,就很难选出正确答案。然而,用多个关键词同时定位的好处在于,考生可以根据关键词出现的位置来判断答案。在划出的四个关键词中,C段出现了两个关键词,E段和P段分别出现了一个关键词。在尽量多划关键词的条件下,出现关键词最多的段落即为正确答案,因此本题答案为C段。
做长篇阅读最重要的技能是查找而不是阅读,速度快才是王道。考生在平时的复习过程中要反复训练查找信息的能力。和选词填空一样,长篇阅读的10道题目中一定会有一道是拦路虎,考生往往绞尽脑汁也很难找到对应的段落,因为所有的关键词在文中都被同义改写了。然而一道题的分值并不多,在这一道题上花费大量时间会直接影响后面两篇仔细阅读以及段落翻译的答题。当考生在考场上遭遇此类拦路虎题目时,请听为师一句话:放过自己,就是放过你的人生。
仔细阅读
近年来,六级考试仔细阅读部分的文章以议论文和说明文为主,记叙文鲜有出现,这和文章选材有关——六级阅读文章均从英美各大报刊上选取。仔细阅读部分重点考查的是细节题,还有部分推断题和语义题,其他题型较少见。一般来说,细节题的做题方式是定位和理解原文,由于在本文的长篇阅读部分已经讲解过定位,此处不再赘述。这里笔者重点分析一下细节题中的难题——定位不明确的题目。一般来说,考生遇到这种题目时心态特别容易受影响,因为考场上分秒必争,定位不明确时很多考生就会开始通读全文,浪费大量的宝贵时间。本次六级考试仔细阅读部分第一篇文章的内容是Janet Yellen出任美联储首位女主席,下面以这篇文章后的第58题为例来说明如何应对定位不明确的题目。
例:58. What is a greater concern of the general public?
A. Recession. B. Deflation.
C. Inequality. D. Income.
根据题干,考生可以划出greater concern和general public这两组关键词来定位,但这两组关键词在文中并没有出现,此时考生就得寻求其他解决方案。在仔细阅读部分,出题者主要考查考生对定位句的理解和对文章结构的把握,因此对于定位不明确的题目,考生就可以推测,出题者想考查的是考生对文章结构的把握能力。
要把握文章结构,就要分清主要内容和次要内容。比如,出现举例是为了说明某个论点,所以举例的内容就是次要内容;又如,转折句中转折后的内容比转折前的内容更重要。对于定位不明确的题目,考生可以首先根据题文同序原则缩小题目的定位区域,然后在这个区域内寻找是否出现了举例或是转折。就上面的第58题来说,根据第57题和第59题的定位,考生可以将本题的答案信息锁定在原文第三、四、五段,而第三段中出现了举例,属于次要内容,因此可以略读。在第四段,考生会发现该段出现了转折词but,因此应重点阅读转折的后半句,即“more people worry about the opposite, deflation that would aggravate the economy’s problems”。这时考生才发现,题干中的general public和greater concern是原文中more people worry about的同义改写,因此解答此题的重点就是理解这句话。这句话是说更多人担心通货紧缩(deflation),因此可以确定此题的正确答案为选项B。
在仔细阅读部分,考生有时会觉得文中出现了很多生词,但实际上有些生词是可以根据上下文推断出含义的,还有些生词根本不会影响做题。另外,针对不同的题型,考生要利用不同的方法解题,提高做题效率。
对于一切考试,最好的备考资料都是真题。因此,考生一定要做并研究真题而不是模拟题。就阅读部分来说,考生应该以近三年的真题为基础,彻底扫除阅读文章中出现的所有生词以及熟词僻义,整理出自己的生词库,从真题中背单词。另外,考生至少要做两遍真题:做第一遍真题时,考生要明确每道题目正确答案的出处,一一在文中划出对应的内容,对于做错的题目要分析出错的原因,比如原文未提及、偷换概念、过度推断等,从而把握出题规律;做第二遍真题时,考生要把文章中的每个句子都分析到位,可以划分句子成分及结构,通过细致分析文章中的句子来提升自己的语法知识,为解答阅读各类题型打下坚实的基础。
作者简介
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