连词成句英语（共10篇）
㈠如果是句号，则是陈述语句。
陈述句的基本结构就是主语+谓语+宾语而构成的。首先，就要在给出的单词中找出主语，比如I，you，she，he，it，they，this，that，these，those，there等，把它放在第一位，然后就是找谓语动词(谓语动词有be动词和实意动词等)。最后再找出宾语。
例如：have a chocolate of bar I (.)第一步是找到主语。第二步就是找谓语动词(谓语动词有be动词和实意动词等)。题目中唯一的动词就是第一个单词have(有/拥有)。
I have a bar of chocolate .
㈡如果是问号，则是疑问语句。就要先看是特殊疑问句还是由be动词或情态动词引导的疑问句。特殊疑问词常见的有what, where, when, how, how much, how many, how old.。 Be动词有is，am, are.情态动词有can, would, do等。
①如果有where 、 what、 how等疑问词，那么它就是特殊疑问句，就要把疑问词where 、 what、 how 等放在一句话的最前面，它后面紧接的是be动词也就是我们学习过的am、 is、 are。
例如：it is what (?)
What is it?
②如果题目中有can、 may、shall、would等情态动词，那么它就是由情态动词引导的疑问句。那么我们就要把情态动词can、 may、shall、would等放在句子的最前面，后面紧接的就是这句话的主语(主语往往是人或者物)。
例如：“have I a may new bike (?)” 。
(这道题目中有一个情态动词may，很显然这就是由情态动词may引导的疑问句。很快我们就能写出这句话的前半部分“May I have …”)
May I have a new bike ?
③如果题目中没有任何的特殊疑问词，也没有任何情态动词，那么它就是我们最最熟悉的一般疑问句了。一般疑问句的基本准则就是疑问词是be动词(am /is /are)，而且要把它们放在句子的最前面，紧接其后的是主语，其他成分也就容易补上去了。
例如：you a are student(?)
Are you a student?
㈢如果是感叹号，则是感叹语句。我平时接触到最多的就是由what和how引导的感叹句。
①由what引导的感叹句。其基本结构是What + a + adj. + n.。例如：“What a nice book !”(多漂亮的一本书啊!);“What a beautiful girl!”(多漂亮的一个女孩啊!);“What a big fish!”(好大的一条鱼啊!)
例如：“a what scarf long(!)
What a long scarf !
②由how引导的感叹句。
与what引导的感叹句相似，how引导的感叹句的结构是“How + adj. +n. /名词短语 + be动词!”。但值得注意的是这里的主语可以是单数也可以是复数。例如：How nice the bookmark is !/ How beautiful the girls are !这里的be动词取决于所要修饰的单词，也就是这句话的主语的单、复形的情况。
例如：dress beautiful is your how (!)
How beautiful your dress is !
二、注意句子是否完整
排练好后，仔细多读几遍，看看句子是否通顺。
三、注意字母的大小写
一、表示假设的if译法
if的本义就是表示假设, 通常把它译为“如果、假如”, 但在不同的语境中, 也会考虑其他的译词。如: (1) For example, a shaft mig ht have a nominalsize of 63.5 mm, if a variation of±0.08 mm could be pe rmitte d, the dimension would be stated 63.5±0.08 mm.译:例如一根轴的公称尺寸为63.5 mm, 要是允差为±0.08 mm, 该尺寸 (就) 可以标注为63.5±0.08 mm。析:这个句子是含有情态动词的虚拟语气, “要是……就”这个句式就很适用于表达可能性极大的假设。其中“就”字可以省略。 (2) If steel is heated too fast, the outs id e of the par becomes hotter than the inte rior.Auniform structure is hard to ob tain.译:如果加热速度过快, 零件的外部温度就会高于其内部温度, 这样就会很难获得内外均匀一致的组织结构。析:这个句子译为“如果……就……”的句式, 后面的句子也增加了“这样”这个承上启下的词, 呈现了句与句之间的逻辑关系, 符合汉语的表达方式。
二、表示时间的if译法
if表示时间相当于when, if和when引出的主从复合句之间就不存在明确的“时间”和“假设”的差别, 往往可以互换, 通常翻译为“当, 无论何时”。 (1) If a part has severalor more s urfaces to be machined, the cost can be excessive when little deviation is allowed from the nominal size.译:一个零件要加工几个以上表面, 而且要求与公称尺寸的允差很小时, 成本将是非常大的。析:这里的“if”相当于“whenever”, 通常翻译为“每当……时, ……就”, 但为了文笔简洁, 省略了这些词。 (2) For example, the processor may be programmed so that if an input connected to a limit switch is true (limit switch closed) , then a corresponding output wired to an outputmodule is to be energized.译:例如, 对处理器进行编程, 连接限位开头的输入为真 (限位开头闭合) 时, 连在输出模块上的输出装置即被接通。析:此处的“if”被省译, 另增译了“即……”, 恰如其分地体现了科技英语简练、精确的特点。目的语汉语是意合语言, 译文中有无功能词“当”并不改变汉语的思路和句式。
三、表示原因的“if”译法
if表示原因时, 表示基于事实来推论相应的结果, 相当于as, 可翻译为“既然”。 (1) If you design a totally new machine or apply a new working principle in a machine, you have to create a new structure, not just imitate the existing one.译: (既然你) 要设计一个全新的机器, 或在机器中应用新的工作原理, 你 (就) 必须要创建一个新的结构, 而不能仅仅模仿现有的。析:汉语是意合语言, 括号内的功能词可有可无而if所承载的逻辑功能不变。 (2) If the shape is very complicated, casting will be neces sary to avoid expensive machining of mechanically formed parts.译: (既然) 零件的形状非常复杂, (就) 有必要采用铸造的方法, 从而避免昂贵的机加工费用。析:“既然”和“就”等字在不影响意义表达的情况下可以省去, 更符合科技英语用词精炼的特点。
四、表示让步的“if”译法
If表示让步时, 相当于a lthoug h, 通常翻译为“尽管、即使”。 (1) As can be seen, no leakage can occur if the two apertures are slightly out of the line and no restriction to flow will occur either, providing that the sprue bush has an aperture slightly larger than that of the nozzle.译:从图中可以看出, 如果浇口套的孔径比喷嘴的稍微大些, 那么即使安装时两个孔稍微偏移同轴线, 也不会发生泄漏, 同时也不会产生扼流。析:在此句中, “providing”引导一个条件句, 相当于“如果”, 而if则表示对这个假定条件的让步, 译为“即使……也”, 表示退一步的估计。 (2) Even if a component is perceived to be made to the exact dimension by manual processes, the actual measurement with a high resolution meas uring device will show that this is an incorrect perception.译:手工加工的零件, 即使看起来尺寸已经很精确, 但用高分辨度的测量设备进行测量将会发现这种感觉是不正确的。析:if和even连用引起一个让步状语从句, 从句动词用一般现在时表示将来的假说, 而if则是对这个假说的一个结果, 可能还会有其他的选择。
五、表示条件的if译法
可译为“只有、一”。 (1) Hardware modifications are needed only if additional, changed, or relocated input/output de vices are involved.译:只有涉及附加的、更改的或重新定位的输入/输出装置时, 才需要修改硬件。析:与一般if引导的条件从句相比, 它是一个对“条件”限制更为严格的限制性条件从句, “只有……才……”用来表达唯一条件和唯一结论。 (2) In the sim-plst case if the dimension of the shaft is lower thain the d imens ion ofthe hok, then|there wil be clearance. Such a fit istermed. clearance. fit. Aternatively, if thed imension of the shaft is more than that of the hole, then it is temed interference fit..译:在最简单的情况下, 轴的尺寸只要比孔的尺寸小, 轴与孔之间就会存在间隙, 这样的配合被称为间隙配合。反过来若轴的尺寸比孔的尺寸大, 则称为过盈配合。析:“只要…就”表达满足某充分条件就会产生某结果, 但“只要”并不含有唯一的意思。而第二个“if”从句中, “if”被译为“若”, 后面跟上“则”与之相配, 具有较强的书面色彩。
六、“see、wonder、know”等之后引起宾语从句表示“是否”的if译法
(1) programmable controllers were developed (circa in 1968) when General Motors Corp, and other automobile man ufactures were experimenting to see if the re might be an alternative to scrapping all their hard wired control panels of machine tools and other production equipment during a model changeover.译:可编程控制器是在1968年前后被研究成功的。当时通用汽车公司和其他汽车制造商正在试验, 看看当机床和其他生产设备更新换代时能否用另一种方法来取消机器上所有的布线控制面板。析:句子中宾语从句用了“there might be”句型, 表示“可能有”, 因此在翻译“…if there might be…”时, 将其译为“能否”, 用词准确、精练, 贴切地传达了本句的含义。 (2) The processor remembers this command throug h its me mory and compares with eachs cantosee if tha t limit switc h is, in fact, closed.译:处理器通过存储器记录下这个指令并与每次检测结果相比较以确定限位开关是否真正闭合。析:根据上下文中“remembers this command”和“compares with each scan”的相互关联, 本句中的“…to see if…”被转译为“以确定”, 对句子对事实进行选择的隐含意义作了准确的表达。
结语:在科技英语中, 英语连词起到的不仅仅是简单的连接功能, 它具有丰富的话语标记功能, 明示了上下文的内涵逻辑关系, 对话语理解产生重要影响。因而, 在科技英语互译中, 译好连词, 正确识别语篇衔接关系, 就能令译文更趋于自如流畅。
参考文献
[1]刘杰辉.机械英语阅读教程[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社, 2006.
1. 给定问号且有疑问词→特殊疑问句。构成:疑问词+一般疑问句仅有连词or→选择疑问句。构成:一般疑问句+or+被选择的情况没有疑问词没有or→一般疑问句。构成:助动词/系动词+主语+动词/表语
2. 给定叹号且有how→感叹句。构成:how+形容词、副词的原级+主语+谓语且有what→感叹句。构成:what+形容词+名词+主语+谓语没有how 没有what→祈使句。构成:动词原形或Don’t+动词原形
3. 给定句号只有一个主语→简单句→陈述句。构成:主语+动词有两套主谓结构有并列连词→并列句。构成:简单句+并列连词+简单句有两套主谓结构有连词→复合句。构成:主句+连词+从句或:连词+从句+主句
二、主语优先划
1. 一般由名词、代词作主语,可借助动词来判断。如:
Jenny hopes to go to Beijing with her parents.
由hopes可知Jenny作主语。一定要区分主格和宾格,如:
He wants me to visit him in Canada.
只有he是主格,可以作主语,me及him都是宾格只能作宾语。
2. 不定式、动名词作主语。如:
To fly a kite is easy. Riding a bike is fun.
3. 主语的定语、同位语,要跟在主语的后面。如:
The boy in yellow is eleven. (定语)
My best friend Tom is from America. (同位语)
4. 只有第一、第三人称宾格→祈使句。如:
Let me try again. Don’t point to her.
5. 没有主语→祈使句。如:
Don’t get on the train now.
Be quiet, please.
三、谓语有章法
主语之后,要紧跟动词作谓语。章法如下:
1. 有be动词找形容词、名词作表语。The cat is very hungry. Susan is their aunt.找现在分词,构成现在进行时。She is taking care of her baby.
2. 有系动词 look, get, become, 找形容词作表语。Danny becomes quiet.
3. 有情态动词can, may, must, 找动词原形,共同作谓语。You must finish it today.
4. 只有行为动词先找介词,再找名词、代词、动名词作宾语。Peter enjoys Chinese food.没有介词,找名词、代词、动名词作宾语。They are listening to you.He stopped smoking last year. Remember to call me tomorrow. (不定式)
5. 有些行为动词,要求两个宾语。先找某物作直接宾语,再找某人作间接宾语。
Jim will buy a present for his mother. The woman is showing socks to people.
6. 有些宾语,还需要一个补语才能表达完整的意思。Our teacher makes us clean the classroom after school. I see many children playing football.
四、短语功劳大
I will send them to your father,如果熟悉send…to, 确定主语I后,就可轻松连词成句。重视固定短语、习惯搭配的记忆,会让你事半功倍,如too young to go to school, love going on trips, thank…for…, It’s time for…to do等积累的短语越多,你的语感就越好,连词成句时就越轻松流畅。
五、倒装有四家
树立倒装句的概念,记住四个经典例句,你就能轻松应对。
There are many boys swimming in the river.
Here comes the bus!
How happy we are!
What an exciting story it is!
六、状语多样化
一般地,状语可放在句首、句中或句末,表示强调时放在句首。
1. 程度状语:副词要放在动词后作状语。He draws carefully. The book is very interesting.如果动词带有宾语,先接宾语再接副词,He is drawing a hill carefully.
2. 方式状语:放在程度状语之后。He is drawing a hill carefully, as an artist. Don’t look at me angrily like that!Lucy goes to work by car.
3. 地点状语:一般放在方式状语后面。He is drawing a hill carefully, as an artist in his room. 表示强调时,可放在句首。In the corner of the library, they found the purse. 有两个地点时,先说小地点,再说大地点。
4. 时间状语:I usually get up at 6:00 in the morning. (先说小的时间,再说大的时间) 表示强调时,可放在句首。In the afternoon on April 24, they will arrive here on time.
从上面的例子看,状语的顺序应该是: 主语+动词+宾语+程度状语+方式状语+地点状语+时间状语
5. 评说性状语:用来修饰整个句子。Of course, I remember you. Suddenly, he hears a voice.
七、主句来当家
有两套主谓结构时,要先确定主句,主句是句子的主体,从句只是主句的一个成分,对主句进行补充、修饰或限制。如:
We don’t know where Mike lives. (主句+连词+宾语从句)
They can come when you are ready. (主句+连词+时间状语从句)
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, my class will visit the Palace Museum. (连词+条件状语从句+主句)
八、整体和谐化
今天，我们在辅导班里玩了一个非常有趣的游戏，叫连词成句。
游戏开始了，老师让我们写出时间、地点、人物、事件。写完后，老师让四 个人分别说时间、地点、人物和事件，并把说出来的连成一句话。第一排说：“在即将喷发的火山口干坏事。”第二排说：“星期天，我和爸爸去游泳馆买 菜。”说完后，大家笑得前仰后合。有的.笑得直喊肚子疼，有的笑得眼泪都要流出来了，还有的笑得一口水吐到别人身上。我也忍不住笑，心想：“怎么会在 喷发的火山口干坏事呢?到底是谁和他爸去游泳馆买菜呢?”
开始写作文了，我的心还沉浸在这个有趣的游戏中。
一个阳光明媚的早上，孙老师带领同学们在作文班里玩连词成句游戏。
老师叫四位同学分别说时间、人物、地点、事件。张睿说：“一个阳光明媚的早上。”佟云晨说：“伟大的毛主席。”齐浩辰说：“在山洞里。”张舒涵说：“开心地写作业。”然后，同学们把句子连起来读了一遍，便成了：一个阳光明媚的.早上，伟大的毛主席在山洞里开心地写作业。同学们一听到这个句子哈哈大笑起来。有的拍着桌子笑，有的捂着肚子笑得直不起腰来，还有的干脆就趴在了桌子上笑个够。
接着我们又继续做游戏，一个个有趣的句子接连涌现出来：公元小明在可怕的地狱里开心地唱歌。傍晚，王母娘娘在家里开心地跳绳……每当说到这样的句子，同学们都笑声不断，整个教室一片沸腾，我玩得非常开心。
介词分为：
① 简单介词，如at、in、for等;
② 合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等;
③ 短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。
④ 双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。
⑤ 分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。
如：
①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.
②He quarrelled with her yesterday.
③He succeeded in passing the final exam.
④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.
⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.
2. 介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。
如：
①This machine is in good condition.(表语)
②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)
③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)
(1) 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如：
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。
Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。
He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。
(2) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如：
Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。
After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。
(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如：
She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。
Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。(from www.hxen.com)
(4) 表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如：
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。
The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。
I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。
Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。
(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：
I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。
We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。
You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。
中考英语连词用法专练
1. ―Oh, I failed again
―Don’t lose heart. One more effort, ________ you will succeed.
A. so that B. therefore C. however D. and
2. ________ a difficult situation, so you should send him a message and give him some advice.
A. As he is in B. He is in C. Being in D. He being in
3. She said she would work it out herself, ________ ask me for help.
A. and not to B. but not C. and prefer not D. rather than
4. ________ enough time, but I couldn’t do it better.
A. I was given B. Given C. To be given D. Though I was given
5. ―How can I wake up so early?
―Set the alarm at 5 o’clock, ________ you’ll make it.
A. but B. or C. and D. so
6. For a person with reading habits, a printed page contains not only words ________ ideas, thoughts and feelings.
A. yet B. and C. or D. but
7. Information technology is taught in most schools, ________ we have entered the information society.
A. so B. while C. still D. for
8. English is understood all over the world ________ Turkey is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
A. while B. when C. if D. as
9. I was on the point of going to bed ________ Mr. Zhang rang.
A. as B. when C. while D. and
10. I asked him whether he had done all the work himself ________ whether he had had any assistance.
A. and B. but C. nor D. or
11. In some countries, ________ are called public schools are not owned by the public.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
12. ________ happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.
A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether
13. I read about this story in some book or other, does it matter ________ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
14. One of the men present held the view ________ the book said was right.
A. what that B. what C. that D. that what
15. ________ I had walked for six hours, I was tired out.
A. After B. Before C. When D. As
16. Tom make up his mind to get a seat for the football match ________ it means standing in a queue all night.
A. as if B. as though C. even if D. whatever
17. The roof fell ________ he had time to dash into the house to save his baby.
A. as B. after C. until D. before
18. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.
A. as B. since C. when D. after
19. I have been keeping that photo ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my college days.
A. which B. where C. whether D. when
20. You may borrow this book ________ you promise to give it back.
A. in case B. so long as C. as if D. even if
21. ________ the man grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
22. ________ you understand this rule, you’ll have no further difficulty.
A. Once B. Unless C. As D. Until
23. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen ________ the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead.
A. when B. than C. as D. while
24. I criticized him, you know, not ________ I hate him but ________ I love him.
A. because; because B. because; for C. for; because D. for; for
25. ________ he studies hard, he will never pass the examination.
A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. Even though
26. She worked hard ________ everything would be ready by the time he came back.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
27. He waited ________ the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later.
A. when B. before C. as D. until
28. ―May I go and play football with Dick this afternoon, Dad?
―No, you can’t go out ________ your work is being done.
A. before B. until C. as D. after
29. A warning news report from Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are ________ they leave the Arab world forever.
A. even though B. in case C. whenever D. until
30. I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice ________ I picked up the phone.
A. the moment B. after C. before D. while
The cop said, “Sign your name here.”
警察说：“把你的名字签在这里。”
→The cop asked her to sign her name there.
警察叫她把名字签在那里。
The commander ordered, “At ease!”
司令员命令道：“稍息!”
→The commander ordered them to be at ease.
司令员命令他们稍息。
注意：把祈使句的否定式转换成不定式时，不能用don’t,而必须改成在不定式前加not:
He said, “Don’t be afraid.”
他说：“别怕!”
→×He asked me don’t be afraid.
√He asked me not to be afraid.
7.感叹句转换时的变化
引起感叹句的how, what仍可以保留，语序也不变。
也可以将主句谓语said改成cry, shout, 后面变成宾语从句。例如：
She said, “How high this building is!”
她说：“这大厦好高啊!”
→She said how high that building was.
她说那大厦好高啊。
Tony said, “What a big fish it is!”
托尼说：“这条鱼好大啊!”
→Tony cried what a big fish it was.
托尼惊呼那条鱼好大。
→Tony cried it was a verybig fish.
我已经迫不及待地想玩这个游戏了，老师告诉我们游戏规则是：小组成员互相合作，每人依次上台写一个字，最后一人可写几个字，要求最后要连接成一句表达完整、通顺的话，小组内事先不能讨论，游戏限时2分钟完成，超时的小组将会被淘汰。
老师把我们分成了两组，我心里非常紧张，害怕老师把我分配到最后一个。现实总是那么的残酷，果然不出我所料，老师把我分配到了最后一个。我们组的“先锋”小冯率先冲了上去，毫不犹豫地写下了第一个字“同”。第二个同学接着写了“学”字。第三个同学紧随其后，写下了“在”字。紧接着，第四个和第五个同学分别写下了“教”和“室”字。到子涵同学了，只见子涵同学一会儿摸摸下巴，一会儿挠挠脑袋，还很不自在地走来走去，不知道要写什么，像一只恐惧紧张、无助的小麻雀。老师和同学们说要结束了，倒计时“10、9、8、7、6、5、4……”终于，子涵同学闭上眼睛，沮丧地写下了一个“里”字。到我了，我的心紧张地怦怦直跳，心儿像一只小鹿在跳动，我勇敢地写下了“上课”两个字。
游戏正在紧张地进行中，终于轮到第二组了。第二组的组员依序上台展示，到第五个同学的时候，已经写下了“春天到了”，她开始很是犹豫，畏畏缩缩地不敢写，时间一分一秒过去了，她才颤抖地写上了一个“，”和一个“小”字，后面的同学也接二连三地上台写下了自己满意的字。第二组最终连成“春天到了，小花开了，发出了阵阵香气扑鼻的迷人香味”。同学们都哈哈大笑起来。
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