中学英语写作常用的52个句型（精选10篇）
Only by living up to the three requirements，can we …
(B)唯有通力合作，我们才能…
Only with combined efforts，can we …
例┱唯有通力合作，我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。
Only with combined efforts，can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.43.最后，但并非最不重要，…
Last but no least，…
例┱最后，但并非最不重要，教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。
Last but no least，the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.44.这证据显示～的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。
This evidence shows that the importance of ～ cannot be overemphasized.例┱这证据显示交通安全的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。
This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.45.由于这些理由，我…
For these reasons，I …
例┱由于这些理由，我认为在台湾接受大学教育是明智的。
For these reasons，I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.46.总而言之，…
In conclusion，…
= To sum up，…
例┱总而言之，好国民应该遵守交通规则。
In conclusion，a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.47.因此，我们能下个结论，那就是…
We can，therefore，come to the conclusion(that)子句
例┱因此，我们能下个结论，那就是世上自由罪珍贵。
We can，therefore，come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.48.如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，…
If we can do as mentioned above，there can be no doubt(that)子句例┱如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，我们就能精通英语。
If we can do as mentioned above，there can be no doubt that we can master English
49.因此，这就是…的原因。
Thus，this is the reason why …
例┱因此，这就是我重感冒的原因。
Thus，this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.50.所以，我们应该了解…
Therefore，we should realize(that)子句
例┱所以，我们应该了解学英文不能没有字典。
Therefore，we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.51.因此，由上列的讨论我们可以明了…
We，therefore，can make clear from the above discussion(that)子句例┱因此？由上列的讨论我们可以明了毅力可以克服任何困难。
We，therefore，can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.52.1.从～观点来看，… From the ～ point of view，…
2.根据～的看法，… According to ～ point of view，…
例┱从政治的观点来看，这是一个很复杂的问题。
1)I am much pleased to inform you that…….2)I wish to apply for the teaching position you are offering.3)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.4)In reply to your letter dated July 4,I want to say… 5)Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,2000.6)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.7)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.8)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.9)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.10)First of all,I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that… 12)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.13)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.…b.常用结束语
1)Looking forward to your early reply，2)Hoping to hear from you soon，3)I hope to hear from you very soon.4)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.5)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.6)I hope everything will be well with you.7)Please let us know if you want more information.8)I wish you very success in the coming year.9)Please remember me to your family.10)With best regards to your family.11)All the best.12)With love and good wishes.c.求职申请信常用句型
1.In reply to your advertisement in ~,I respectfully offer my services for the situation.2.With reference to your advertisement in ~ for a / an ~,I offer myself for the post.3.Please consider me an applicant for the position which you advertised in ~.4.Having noticed the enclosed advertisement in ~,I wish to apply for the position referred to.5.In answer to your advertisement in ~ for a ~,I wish to tender my services.6.Your advertisement for a ~ in ~ has interested me.I feel I can fill that position.7.Shall you need an experienced ~ for your ~ next summer？
8.I have been for over five years in the employment of a / an ~ company
9.I have been in the business for the last ~ years,and worked as the director of the…department.10.I’ve had ~ years’ experience with a company as a ~.11.For the last ~ years,I have been and still am a / an ~.12.I’m ~ years of age,female / male,and have had ~ years’ experience in a limited company’s ~ office
13.I should be very glad to have a personal interview and can furnish references if desired.14.If you desire an interview,I shall be most happy to call in person,on any day and at any time you may appoint.15.Should you think favorably of my application,kindly grant me an interview.16.I trust that you’ll give this application your favorable consideration.17.Should you give me a trial,I’ll do my utmost to afford you every satisfaction.d.申诉信常用句型
4. In conclusion, … 5.As far as I’m concerned, … 6. To conclude , it seems clearthat…
至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。
(2)Let’s do …让我们干某事吧.
(3)Shall we do …?我们干某事好吗?
(4)Would you like something/to do sth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗?
(5)Will you please do …?请你干某事好吗?
(6)What (How) about doing…?干某事怎么样?
例如：(1)Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Let’s go.为什么不去问问老师?好主意!走吧!
(2)Shall we go out for a walk?No, let’s go to the zoo.我们去散步怎么样?不,我们去动物园吧.
(3)Will you please fetch some chalks for me?请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?
(4)What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首英语歌曲怎么样?好极了!
一、开头
1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3.Nowadays there is a growing concern over....4.What calls for special attention is that...5.There’s no denying the fact that...6.what’s far more important is that...7.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.8.It is well-known that…
9.Many nations have been faced with the problem of...10.According to a recent survey,...11.With the rapid development of...,...二、结尾
1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...2.In conclusion, it is imperative that...3.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.4.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.5.Taking all these into account, we...6.Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...7.All things considered,...8.It may be safely said that...9.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...10.It can be concluded from the discussion that...11.From my point of view, it would be better if...三、表比较
1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.However, the same is not applicable to B.9.A and B differ in several ways.10.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.四、表原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...4.The factors that contribute to this situation include...5.The change in...largely results from the fact that...6.Part of the explanations for it is that...7.One of the most common factors(causes)is that...8.Another contributing factor(cause)is...9.Perhaps the primary factor is that...10.But the fundamental cause is that...五、表结果
1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is...3.It will exercise a profound influence upon...4.Its consequence can be so great that...六、表反驳
1.It is true that..., but one vital point is being left out.2.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3.Many of us have been under the illusion that...4.It makes no sense to argue for...5.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that...6.Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that...七、表证明
（太平洋英语 突破口语 免费试学 请搜索“太平洋英语”）
四六级考场上分秒必争，气氛紧张，尤其是到最后作文写作部分时，更是时间紧迫，无暇多思。考生也往往因过于紧张而出现“脑中一片空白”的状况。若能提前准备好一些常有句型，一方面能节省一些语言组织及思考的时间，缓解紧张心情，同时也能使作文增色。现将历年作文中常用句型加以总结，希望对广大考生有所帮助。
一。开头
1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3.Nowadays there is a growing concern over....4.What calls for special attention is that.。
5.There’s no denying the fact that.。
6.what’s far more important is that.。
7.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.8.It is well-known that„
9.Many nations have been faced with the problem of...10.According to a recent survey,...11.With the rapid development of.。.二。结尾
1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...2.In conclusion, it is imperative that...3.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.4.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.5.Taking all these into account, we...6.Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear.。
7.All things considered,.。
8.It may be safely said that.。
9.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable.。
10.It can be concluded from the discussion that.。
11.From my point of view, it would be better if.。
三。表比较
1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.However, the same is not applicable to B.9.A and B differ in several ways.10.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.四。表原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...4.The factors that contribute to this situation include...5.The change in...largely results from the fact that...6.Part of the explanations for it is that...7.One of the most common factors(causes)is that...8.Another contributing factor(cause)is...9.Perhaps the primary factor is that.。
10.But the fundamental cause is that...五。表结果
1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is...3.It will exercise a profound influence upon...4.Its consequence can be so great that.。
六。表反驳
1.It is true that..., but one vital point is being left out.2.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3.Many of us have been under the illusion that...4.It makes no sense to argue for...5.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that...6.Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that.。
七。表证明
There is a tall tree in front of our teaching building.
There are some students playing football on the playground.
2. think/find it + adj for sb to do sth
(1).I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.
(2).I feel it important to have some working experience.
(3).I found it impossible for me to work out all the problems in such a short time.
3. not…until
(1).I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.
(2).Yesterday I didn’t go to sleep until midnight.
4. Some…others
(1).Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.
(2).There are many foreign students in our class. Some of them are from Europe, others come from America.
5. not only…but also
(1).In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor’s degree.
(2).Forests can not only fresh the air but also reduce noises.
6. such…that / so…that
(1).He is such a good student that everyone likes him.
(2).We were so deeply moved that we could not fall asleep that night.
7.too…to…
(1).They were too angry to say a word that day.
(2).He is too young to go to school.
8. in order to
(1).He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.
(2).In order to get there on time,we set off early in the morning.
9.be about to do sth when…/be doing sth when…
(1).I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
(2).I was walking in the street when I heard a lady cry “Help,help”.
10.used to
(1).He used to live in Shanghai.
(2).There used to be a tree in front of my house.
11.see/hear/watch/find sb do sth/doing sth
(1).I heard someone laughing.
(2).I saw him put the key in the lock,turn it and open the door.
12. have some difficulty in doing sth/with sth
Do you have any difficulty in understanding spoken English?
13.be busy doing sth/with sth
He was busy getting ready for his journey.
练习一：根据上下文关系用连接词把下列各句连接起来，组成一个单句、并列句或复合句。
1.a) Go to see the doctor at once.
b) Your cold may get worse.
Go to see the doctor at once, or your cold may get worse.
2. a) Alice was the first to complete her paper.
b) Alice made quite a few mistakes in her paper.
Alice was the first to complete her paper, but she made quite a few mistakes in it.
3. a) We were about to start off last night.
b) The phone in the living room began to ring.
We were about to start off last night when the phone in the living room began to ring.
4. a) Unfortunately, John’s car broke down on the way home.
b) John had to stop a car for a lift.
Unfortunately, John’s car broke down on the way home, so he had to stop a car for a lift.
5). a) He has made great progress in his studies.
b) All the teachers praise him.
He has made such great progress in his studies that all the teachers praise him.
6. a) Some people waste food.
b) Other people haven’t enough food.
Some people waste food, while others haven’t enough food.
7. a) It’s too late to go to the cinema now.
b) I have an important meeting to attend after lunch.
It’s too late to go the cinema now. Besides, I have an important meeting to attend after lunch.
8. a) Your aunt has no other thought but what is best for you.
b) I have no other thought, either.
Neither your aunt nor I have any other thought but what is best for you.
练习二：1、用but,then,instead,the next moment,when填空：
The accident happened at 7:15 on the morning of February 8, . I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the opposite side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a sudden right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the old man. He fell down with a cry. But the car didn’t stop to save the old man. Instead，it drove off at great speed.
2、用at last,then,so,up to now,that,when填空：
Don’t Lose Your Courage
1.I‟m an office worker.我是上班族。
2.I work for the government.我在政府机关做事。
3.I‟m happy to meet you.很高兴见到你。
4.I like your sense of humor.我喜欢你的幽默感。
5.I‟m glad to see you again.很高兴再次见到你。
6.I‟ll call you.我会打电话给你。
7.I feel like sleeping/ taking a walk.我想睡、散步。
8.I want something to eat.我想吃点东西。
9.I need your help.我需要你的帮助。
10.I would like to talk to you for a minute.我想和你谈一下。
11.I have a lot of problems.我有很多问题。
12.I hope our dreams come true.我希望我们的梦想成真。
13.I‟m looking forward to seeing you.我期望见到你。
14.I‟m supposed to go on a diet / get a raise.我应该节食„涨工资。
15.I heard that you‟re getting married.Congratulations.听说你要结婚了，恭喜！
16.I see what your mean.我了解你的意思。
17.I can‟t do this.我不能这么做。
18.Let me explain why I was late.让我解释迟到的理由。
19.Let‟s have a beer or something.咱们喝点啤酒什么的。
20.Where is your office? 你们的办公室在哪？
21.What is your plan? 你的计划是什么？
22.When is the store closing? 这家店什么时候结束营业？
23.Are you sure you can come by at nine? 你肯定你九点能来吗？
24.Am I allowed to stay out past 10? 我可以十点过后再回家吗？
25.The meeting was scheduled for two hours, but it is now over yet.会议原定了两个小时，不过现在还没有结束。
26.Tom‟s birthday is this week.汤姆的生日就在这个星期。
27.Would you care to see it/ sit down for a while? 你要不要看„坐一会呢？
28.Can you cover for me on Friday/help me/ tell me how to get there?
星期五能不能请你替我个班„你能帮我吗‟你能告诉我到那里怎么走吗？
29.Could you do me a big favor? 能否请你帮我个忙？
30.He is crazy about Crazy English.他对疯狂英语很着迷。
31.Can you imagine how much he paid for that car?你能想象他那车付了多少钱
32.Can you believe that I bought a TV for $25?
33.Did you know he was having an affair/cheating on his wife?
你知道他有外遇了吗？欺骗他的妻子吗？
34.Did you hear about the new project? 你知道那个新项目吗？
35.Do you realize that all of these shirts are half off? 你知道这些衬衫都卖半价了吗
36.Are you mind if I take tomorrow off? 你介意我明天请假吗？
37.I enjoy working with you very much.我很喜欢和你一起工作。
38.Did you know that Stone ended up marrying his secretary?
你知道吗？石头最终和他的秘书结婚了。
39.Let‟s get together for lunch.让我们一起吃顿午餐吧。
40.How did you do on your test? 你这次考试的结果如何？
41.Do you think you can come? 你认为你能来吗？
42.How was your weekend ? 你周末过得怎么样？
43.Here is my card.这是我的名片。
44.He is used to eating out all the time.他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。
45.I‟m getting a new computer for birthday present.我得到一台电脑作生日礼物。
46.Have you ever driven a BMW? 你有没有开过“宝马”？
47.How about if we go tomorrow instead? 我们改成明天去怎么样？
48.How do you like Hong Kong? 你喜欢香港吗？
49.How do you want your steak? 你的牛排要几分熟？
50.How did the game turn out? 球赛结果如何？
51.How did Mary make all of her money? 玛丽所有的钱是怎么赚到的？
52.How was your date? 你的约会怎么样？
53.How are you doing with your new boss? 你跟你的新上司处得如何？
54.How should I tell him the bad news? 我该如何告诉他这个坏消息？
55.How much money did you make? 你赚了多少钱？
56.How much does it cost to go abroad? 出国要多少钱？
57.How long will it take to get to your house? 到你家要多久？
58.How long have you been here? 你在这里多久了？
59.How nice/pretty/cold/funny/stupid/boring/interesting.60.How about going out for dinner? 出去吃晚餐如何？
61.I‟m sorry that you didn‟t get the job.很遗憾，你没有得到那份工作。
62.I‟m afraid that it‟s not going to work out.我恐怕这事不会成的。
63.I guess I could come over.我想我能来。
64.Is it okay to smoke in the office? 在办公室里抽烟可以吗？
65.It was kind of exciting.有点剌激。
66.I know what you want.我知道你想要什么。
67.Is that why you don‟t want to go home? 这就是你不想回家的原因吗？
68.I‟m sure we can get you a great / good deal.我很肯定我们可以帮你做成一笔好交易。
69.Would you help me with the report? 你愿意帮我写报告吗？
70.I didn‟t know he was the richest person in the world.我不知道他是世界上最有钱的人。
71.I‟ll have to ask my boss/wife first.我必须先问一下我的老板„老婆。
72.I take it you don‟t agree.这么说来，我认为你是不同意。
73.I tried losing weight, but nothing worked.我曾试着减肥，但是毫无效果。
74.It doesn‟t make any sense to get up so early.那么早起来没有任何意义。
75.It took years of hard work to speak good English.讲一口流利的英语需要多年的刻苦操练。
76．It feels like spring/ I‟ve been here before.感觉好象春天到了„我以前来过这里。
77．I wonder if they can make it.我在想他们是不是能办得到。
78．It‟s not as cold / hot as it was yesterday.今天不想昨天那么冷„热。
79.It‟s not his work that bothers me;it‟s his attitude.困扰我的不是他的工作，而是他的态度。
80.It sounds like you enjoyed it.听起来你好象蛮喜欢的。
81.It seems to me that be would like to go back home.我觉得他好象想要回家。
82.It looks very nice.看起来很漂亮。
83.Is everything under control? 一切都在掌握之中吗？
84.I thought you could do a better job.我以为你的表现会更好。
85.It‟s time for us to say “No” to America.是我们对美国说不的时候了。
86.The show is supposed to be good.这场表演应当是相当好的。
87.It really depends on who is in charge.那纯粹要看谁负责了。
88.It involves a lot of hard work.那需要很多的辛勤工作。
89.That might be in your favor.那可能对你有利。
90.I didn‟t realize how much this meant to you.我不知道这个对你的意义有这么大。
91.I didn‟t mean to offend you.我不是故意冒犯你。
92.I was wondering if you were doing anything this weekend.我想知道这个周末你有什么要做。
93.May I have your attention., please? 请大家注意一下。
94.This is great golfing / swimming/ picnic weather.这是个打高尔夫球„游泳„野餐的好天气。
95.Thanks for taking me the movie.谢谢你带我去看电影。
96.I am too tired to speak.我累得说不出活来。
97.Would you tell me your phone number? 你能告诉我你的电话号码吗？
98.Where did you learn to speak English? 你从哪里学会说英语的呢？
99.There is a TV show about AIDS on right now.电视正在播放一个关于爱滋病的节目。100.What do you think of his new job/ this magazine? 你对他的新工作„这本杂志看法如何
1.up
1)向上（toward or into a higher position）
lift ~ 举起 climb ~ 爬上 come ~ 上升 get ~ 起来 stand ~ 站起来 pick ~ 检起 draw ~ 升起 grow ~ 长大 hand ~ 拖起 put ~ 举起 send ~ 使上升 rise ~ 升起 look ~ 抬起头 zip ~ 拉上 hold ~ 举起 pile ~ 堆起 dig ~ 挖出 take ~ 拿起 build ~ 树立 set ~ 建立
2)完成，结束(expressing completeness and finality)
finish ~ 完成 drink ~ 喝干 eat ~ 吃光 burn ~ 烧光 wash ~ 洗净 use ~ 用光 fill ~ 装满 pay ~ 付清 settle ~ 解决 lick ~ 甜净 sum ~ 总结，open ~ 透露 end ~ 结束 let ~ 中止, 减少 draw ~ 停止 close ~ 停止，关闭 swallow ~ 吞没 beat ~ 痛打 cover ~ 掩盖 break ~ 结束，分解 wind ~ 结束
3)离开，消灭(expressing separation and destroy)
break ~ 拆开，驱散cut ~ 切碎 split ~ 分裂 divide ~ 分割 smash ~ 捣毁 blow ~ 炸毁 wither ~ 枯死 tear ~ 撕碎 give ~ 放弃 fold ~ 垮台 dry ~ 枯竭，干涸crack ~ 撞坏 clutter ~ 使散乱 litter ~ 乱丢杂物
4)增加，变强(to a state of greater activity, force, strength, power and degree.(1).mount ~ 增加pick ~ 振作，加快pluck ~ 振作 turn ~ 开打，开大, 出现 shake ~ 震惊 steam ~ 使发怒 stir ~ 激起，搅起ease ~ 放松 warm ~ 兴奋 speak ~ 大声说 heat ~ 变热 total ~ 加总 tense ~ 紧张 gather ~ 收集 speed ~ 加速 screw ~ 振作 build ~ 增大 show ~ 显现 cheer ~ 振作起来stir ~ 刺激 work ~ 激动，刺激
(2).用在带“-en”后缀的动词后（used after the verbs with suffix of-en）
brighten ~ 发亮 fatten ~ 发胖 freshen ~使新鲜 harden ~变硬 sharpen ~ 变快 smarten ~ 变精明strengthen ~ 加强sweeten ~ 变甜 tighten ~ 使紧密 toughen ~ 使强壮soften ~ 变软
5).变好，改善(as to be better and proper)bring ~ 抚育 check ~ 核对 clear ~ 清理，晴天clean ~ 整
理 do ~ 整理 patch ~ 修理 polish ~ 擦亮, 改进light ~ 点亮 tune ~ 调整 tidy ~ 整理 rub ~ 擦亮 train ~ 训练，培养 make ~ 化装, 和解, 弥补buy ~ 囤积 figure ~ 计算 fix ~ 修理,整理 take ~ 从事
6)关住，锁紧，固定住(firmly, tightly and closely)
shut ~ 关闭 lock ~ 锁住 tie ~ 栓住 chain ~ 锁住 nail ~ 钉住 fasten ~ 系住 pin ~ 钉住 bind ~ 装订 bar ~ 关住 block ~ 堵塞 choke ~ 堵塞 save ~ 存起来 store ~ 贮藏 stock ~ 储存 cover ~ 掩盖 wrap ~ 包住 lay ~ 储存 hold ~ 延误 keep ~ 坚持
7)向说话人的方向（to the place where the speaker is）
go ~ run ~ rush ~ drive ~ walk ~ catch ~ swim ~ march ~ come ~
2.down
1)向下的位置（to or into a lower position）
cast ~ 扔下 cut ~砍倒 get ~ 下来 hand ~ 传下来 knock ~ 撞倒 lay ~ 放下 let ~ 放下 pour ~ 倾盆而下 pull ~ 拉下 set ~ 放下 sit ~ 坐下 step ~ 走下来 throw ~ 扔下 turn ~ 拆下 take ~ 取下 blow ~ 吹倒 bring ~ 打倒 hang ~ 垂下 sink ~ 沉落 slip ~ 失足 squat ~ 蹲下 swallow ~ 吞下 stoop ~ 伏身 splash ~ 飞溅而下 touch ~ 降落 bend ~ 弯下 bow ~ 鞠躬 kneel ~ 跪下 lie ~ 躺下 strip ~ 脱下
2)减少（强度，量和体积）(a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk)
dwindle ~ 减少 die ~ 变弱，逐渐停止go ~平静下来 mark ~ 削减 hold ~ 压低 burn ~(火)减弱, 烧坏slow ~ 慢下来 burn ~ 烧掉 wash ~ 冲淡 clean ~ 弄干净 rub ~ 擦干净 bring ~ 降低 keep ~ 缩减 trim ~ 裁减 water ~ 冲淡 thin ~ 减少 run ~ 用光衰弱 wear ~ 削减，磨损come ~ 下跌 knock ~ 降价
3)停止，减弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power)
一、用于驳性和比较性论文
1. In general, I don’t agree with
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。
3. The chief reason why… is that…
4.There is no true that…
5. It is not true that…
6. It can be easily denied than…
7. We have no reason to believe that…
8. What is more serious is that…
9. But it is pity that…
10. Besides, we should not neglect that…
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…
13. Perhaps I was question why…
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but
16. What seems to be the trouble is…
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…
20. What these people fail to consider is that…
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。
a)如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性，通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如 However, little information..little attention...little work...little data little research or few studies few investigations...few researchers...few attempts...or no none of these studies has(have)been less done on...focused on attempted to conducted investigated studied(with respect to)Previous research(studies, records)has(have)failed to consider ignored misinterpreted neglected to overestimated, underestimated misleaded thus, these previus results are
inconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial..Uncertainties(discrepancies)still exist...这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一样，可以通过下面的方式强调自己工作的作用： However, data is still scarce rare less accurate there is still dearth of We need to aim to have to provide more documents data records studies increase the dataset Further studies are still necessary...essential...为了强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍自己研究问题的反方面，另一方面等等比如： 1)时间问题
如果你研究的问题时间上比较新，你就可以大量提及对时间较老的问题的研究及重要性，然后说(However)，对时间尺度比较新的问题研究不足 2)物性及研究手段问题
如果你要应用一种新手段或者研究方向，你可以提出当前比较流行的方法以及物质性质，然后说对你所研究的方向和方法，研究甚少。3)研究区域问题
首先总结相邻区域或者其它区域的研究，然后强调这一区域研究不足 4)不确定性
虽然前人对这一问题研究很多，但是目前有两种或者更多种的观点，这种uncertanties, ambiguities，值得进一步澄清 5)提出自己的假设来验证
如果自己的研究完全是新的，没有前人的工作进行对比，在这种情况下，你可以自信地说，根据提出的过程，存在这种可能的结果，本文就是要 证实这种结果。
We aim to test the feasibility(reliability)of the...It is hoped that the qutestion will be resolved(fall away)with our proposed method(approach).提出自己的观点 We aim to This paper reports on provides results extends the method..focus on The purpose of this paper is to Furthermore, Moreover, In addition， we will also discuss...c)圈定自己的研究范围
前言的另外一个作用就是告诉读者包括(reviewer)你的文章主要研究内容。如果处理不好，reviewer会提出严厉的建议，比如你没有考虑某种可能性，某种研究手段等等。为了减少这种争论，在前言的结尾你就要明确提出本文研究的范围： 1)时间尺度问题 如果你的问题涉及比较长的时序，你可以明确地提出本文只关心这 一时间范围的问题。We preliminarily focus on the older(younger)...或者有两种时间尺度的问题(long-term and short term)，你可以说两者都重要，但是本文只涉及其中一种 2)研究区域的问题
和时间问题一样，明确提出你只关心这一地区 d)最后的原场
在前言的最后，还可以总结性地提出，这一研究对其它研究的帮助。或者说，further studies on...will be summarized in our next study(or elsewhere)
总之，其目的就是让读者把思路集中到你要讨论的问题上来。减少争论(arguments).关于词汇以及常用结构，要经常总结，多读多模仿才能融会贯通。以上是常见的语言结构，不算抄袭。
怎样提出观点
在提出自己的观点时，采取什么样的策略很重要。不合适的句子通常会遭到reviewer的置疑。1)如果观点不是这篇文章最新提出的，通常要用We confirm that...2)对于自己很自信的观点,可用We believe that...3)在更通常的情况下，由数据推断出一定的结论用，Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that...4)在及其特别的情况才可以用We put forward(discover, observe..)..“for the first time”.来强调自己的创新。
5)如果自己对所提出的观点不完全肯定，可用 We tentatively put forward(interrprete this to..)Or The results may be due to(caused by)attributed to resulted from..Or This is probably a consequence of It seems that..can account for(interpret)this..Or It is possible that it stem from...连接词与逻辑
写英文论文最常见的一个毛病就是文章的逻辑不清楚。解决的方法有：
1)句子上下要有连贯，不能让句子之间独立常见的连接词语有, However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore,further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly,Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results,In order to, despite, For example, Compared with other results, thus, therefore...用好这些连接词，能够使观点表达得有层次，更加明确。比如，如果叙述有时间顺序的事件或者文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来，可用Then BB further demonstrated that..再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC..如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD..如果叙述两种观点，要把它们截然分开 AA pput forward that...In contrast, BB believe or Unlike AA, BB suggest or On the contrary(表明前面的观点错误，如果只是表明两种对立的观点，用in contrast)，BB..如果两种观点相近,可用AA suggest Similarily, alternatively, BB..Or Also, BB or BB allso does..表示因果或者前后关系，可用 Consequently, therefore, as a result, 表明递进关系，可用furthermore, further, moreover, in addition，当写完一段英文，最好首先检查一下是否较好地应用了这些连接词。
2)段落的整体逻辑
经常我们要叙述一个问题的几个方面。这种情况下，一定要注意逻辑结构。首先第一段要明确告诉读者你要讨论几个部份
...Therefore, there are three aspects of this problem have to be addressed.The first question involves...The second problem relates to The third aspect deals with...上面的例子可以清晰地把观点逐层叙述。
Or, 可以直接用First, Second, Third...Finally,..当然,Furthermore, in addition等可以用来补充说明。
3)讨论部份的整体结构
小标题是比较好的方法把要讨论的问题分为几个片段。一般第一个片段指出文章最为重要的数据与结论。补充说明的部份可以放在最后一个片段。一定要明白文章的读者会分为多个档次。文章除了本专业的专业人士读懂以外，一定要想办法能让更多的外专业人读懂。所以可以把讨论部份分为两部份，一部份提出观点，另一部份详细介绍过程以及论述的依据。这样专业外的人士可以了解文章的主要观点，比较专业的讨论他可以把它当成黑箱子，而这一部份本专业人士可以进一步研究。为了使文章清楚，第一次提出概念时，最好加以个括弧，给出较为详细的解释。
如果文章用了很多的Abbreviation, 两种方法加以解决 1)在文章最好加上个Appendix，把所有Abbreviation列表
2)在不同的页面上，不时地给出Abbreviation的含义，用来提醒读者。总之，写文章的目的是要让读者读懂，读得清晰，并且采取各种措施方便于读者。一定要注意绝对不能全面否定前人的成果，即使在你看来前人的结论完全不对。这是前人工作最起码的尊重，英文 叫做给别人的工作credits.所以文章不要出现非常negative的评价，比如Their results are wrong, very questionable, have no commonsense, etc.遇到这类情况，可以婉转地提出：
Their studies may be more reasonable if they had considered this situation.Their results could be better convinced if they...Or Their conclusion may remain some uncertainties.讨论部份还包括什么内容? 1.主要数据特征的总结
2.主要结论以及与前人观点的对比 3.本文的不足
第三点，在一般作者看来不可取。事实上给出文章的不足恰恰是保护自己文章的重要手段。如果刻意隐藏文章的漏洞，觉得别人看不出来，是非常不明智的。所谓不足，包括以下内容: 1.研究的问题有点片面 讨论时一定要说，It should be noted that this study has examined only..We concentrate(focus)on only...We have to point out that we do not..Some limitations of this study are...2.结论有些不足
The results do not imply, The results can not be used to determine be taken as evidence of
Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data Our results are lack of...但是，在指出这些不足之后，随后一定要再一次加强本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段来解决这些不足，为别人或者自己的下一步研究打下浮笔。Not withstanding its limitation, this study does suggest..However, these problems could be solved if we consider
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