情态动词及虚拟语气

情态动词及虚拟语气（精选6篇）

情态动词及虚拟语气 篇1

虚拟语气考点透析

考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法

1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：

①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.

A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not

解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。

2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如：

If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.

A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining

解析 句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。下了一天的雨是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为A。

3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：

If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to

解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。

考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句

这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：

Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we ______ it without you.

A.can manage B.could have managed

C.could managed D.can have managed

解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。

考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句

在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：

Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen

C.should fall D.were to fall

解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。

考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气

在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。例如：

Dont you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?

I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.

A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that

C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what

解析 问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗?句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为B。

情态动词考点透析

考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查

情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如：

1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could

解析：考查情态动词的基本含义。had to：不得不; would：表示意愿或过去常常;could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。

分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。

二、情态动词表示推测的考查

对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如：

1. Sorry, Im late. I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again .

A. might B. should C. can D. will

解析：might have done : (过去)可能做过某事;shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境Im late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：A。

分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测;can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测;may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测;用于否定陈述句中，cant (不可能)的语气比may not(可能不)强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。

三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查

情态动词+have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。

1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You______come, but why didnt you?

A. must have B. should

C. need have D. ought to have

解析：ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do 表示现在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterdays party 表示的时间不一致。所以选D。

分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should (not)have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。

考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查

1.Tom ,you didnt come to the party last night?

I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .

A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt

解析：had to:不得不;didnt:没来;was going to：打算来;wouldnt:不愿来。句意：汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗?我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词，所以答案是：C。

2.Your phone number again? I______quite catch it .

Its 86184867.

A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant

解析：记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。

【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案

1. I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. Its time you _____.

A. do B. did C. had D. would

2. If I hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.

A. dont know B. hadnt known

C. wasnt knowing D. wouldnt know

3. Ive told everyone about it. Oh, Id rather you _____.

A. dont B. hadnt

C. couldnt D. wouldnt

4. It has been raining for a day, but eventhough it hadnt rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.

A. cant get B. wont get

C. hadnt got D. wouldnt get

5. Do you know his address? No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.

A. knew, live B. knew, lives

C. know, lives D. know, lived

6. Isnt it about time you _____ to do morning exercises? Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?

A. begin B. have begun

C. began D. had begun

7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen

C. should fall D. were to fall

8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored

C. would score D. would have scored

9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay

C. had lain D. should lie

10. Without the air to hold some of the sunsheat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly

C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

11. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing

12. It looks as if he were drunk. So it does. _____.

A. Hed better give up drinking

B. He shouldnt have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

13. Mary looks hot and dry So _____ you if you had so high a fever.

A. do B. are C. will D. would

14. He will come tomorrow. But Id rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.

A. will come B. is coming

C. came D. had come

15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.

A. should be; be operated on

B. were; must be operated on

C. was; should be operated

D. was; be operated on

16. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.

A. Was he given up B. Had he given up w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

C. Did he give D. If he gave up

17. I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. Its time you _____.

A. do B. did C. had D. would

18. Do you know his address? No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.

A. knew, live B. knew, lives w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

C. know, lives D. know, lived

19. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen

C. should fall D. were to fall

20. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly

C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

21.________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be

C. Could you be D. Might you be

22.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.

A. might B. need C. should D. would

23.Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.

You _____have my computer if you dont take care of it .

A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt

24. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.

A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant

25. I ______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt

26. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt

27. I was on the highway when this car went past fol. Lowed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A. should have been doing B. must have been doing

C. could have done D. would have done

28. Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.

It ______ Harrys. He always wears green.

A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be

29. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.

A. neednt do B. neednt have done

C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done

30. Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.

She _______. Ive already borrowed one.

A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt

【答案与解析】

1.

【解析】选B.Its time you did 为 Its time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，its time 后从句通常要用过去式。

2.

【解析】选A.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I dont know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I dont know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来。

3.

【解析】选B.Id rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。

4.

【解析】选A.we cant get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。

5.

【解析】选B.第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。

6.

【解析】选C.Its time / Its high time / Its about time 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。

7.

【解析】选 B.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。

8.

【解析】8. 选 D.这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D.

9.

【解析】选 C.if only意为要是就好了，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C.

10.

【解析】选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。

【答案】C

11.

【解析】.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话但事实上忘了)。

【答案】B

12.

【解析】关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，他喝醉了不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.

【答案】 D.

13.

【解析】 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.

【答案】D

14.

【解析】按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来， 用过去完成时表示过去。

【答案】C

15.

【解析】insist后的从句谓语有时用should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。

【答案】D

16.

【解析】是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。

【答案】B

17.

【解析】Its time you did 为 Its time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，its time 后从句通常要用过去式。

【答案】B

18.

【解析】第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。

【答案】B

19.

【解析】 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。

【答案】B

20.

【解析】without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。

【答案】A

21.

【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。

【答案】B

22.

【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。

【答案】C

23.

【解析】shall此处表示警告。

【答案】A

24.

【解析】B此处考查情态动词表示推测的用法。should have done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，因此淘汰A项。would不用来表推测，因此淘汰C项。B基与D项虽然都可以表示推测，但B项表肯定意义而D项表示否定推测，意为不可能，根据句意：他肯定已完成了他的工作;不然，他就不会在海边玩得那么愉快了。可知此处需要肯定意义，因此淘汰D项。

25.

【解析】B本题考查情态动词的用法。must表示推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用can或could 代替。shouldnt have done 表示本来不该而实际上却做了某事.neednt have done表示本来不必而实际上却做了均不合题意。本句的意思是：当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。

26.

【解析】C should(按道理)应该;句意：既然你在驾校时做了大量练习，那么通过这次考试理不应该有困难。

27.

【解析】B 第一句话使用了一般过去时，由此可知第二句话是对过去事情的猜测，需用must have done.本题意为我正在高速公路上行驶，这时一辆警车跟随着着这辆车从旁边经过。它们一定是以至少每小时150公里的速度行驶。故选B。A项表示本应该，C项表示本能够不合题意。

28.

【解析】D 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意是我错拿了别人的绿色 毛衣，那可能是Harry的，他总是穿绿色的毛衣。四个选项中could表示推测。mustnt 表示 禁止has to 表示不得不will 表推测时，表肯定语气太强。

29.

【解析】B根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方本来不必为她打扫房间。很显然对方打扫房间是过去所为，表达去不必做某事用neednt have done sth.

30.

情态动词及虚拟语气 篇2

一情态动词的基本用法

第一, 表示征求对方意见或许可的情态动词有must, can, could, may, might, shall等, 如:

——Must I hand in my homework today?——Yes, you must.Yes, you have to.

——No, you needn’t.No, you don’t have to (用mustn’t是讲不通的)

Can I come in and have a good look at your house with my girlfriend now? (比较口语化)

——Could I use your mobile phone as mine is power off? (语气委婉)

——Yes, you can. (回答不能用could)

MayMight I use your bicycle? (比较正式, 用might语气更委婉)

Shall I open the window to let in some fresh air? (shall此用法只用于第一和第三人称)

Shall he come to sit in this seat and listen to your speech? (同上)

第二, 表示邀请或请求的情态动词有can, will, would, could, 一般用于第二人称;用would和could时表示语气更加委婉, 如:

CanCould you lend me some money to buy some books and dictionaries?

WillWould you please tell us a story or joke for pleasure?

第三, 表示允许或许可的情态动词有can, may, 如:

You can sit here and do your homework because the seat is not occupied.

You may go to bed and get up as late as you like;nobody cares about that.

第四, 表示禁止的情态动词有can’t, mustn’t, shan’t等否定形式, shan’t多表按照某规定“不能”如:

They can’t wear whatever they like when they are at school.

Anybody mustn’t take books out of the library without permission.

You shan’t hand in your papers ahead of time in the examinations according to the regulations.

第五, 表示建议或劝告的情态动词有ought to, should, had better, need等, 如:

Parents ought to take care of their children when they are young and children ought to look after their parents when they are old. (ought to表示义务, 为别人做某事)

You should do a lot of exercise regularly to improve your health. (should表建议, 多指为自己做某事)

You had better put more clothes in case it is cold on the mountain, boy! (多用于上级对下级, 长辈对晚辈之间)

In order to learn English well, you need practice speaking English more often besides reading. (比较口语化)

第六, 表示能力的情态动词有can, could, be able to等。can表示现在的“能力”, could表示过去的“能力”, be able to用来填充can, could没有的时态, 但waswere able to除了表示过去的能力以外还表示“过去设法做成功某事”, 等于managed to do something或succeeded in doing something, 此用法不能被could代替, 如:

When I was in China I couldn’t speak English, but now in USA I can speak it fluently.

I am sure that this promising young man will be able to support his family in the future.

They charged 20 thousand dollars for the car but I was able to bring the price down. (managed tosucceeded in…)

第七, 表示推测的情态动词有may, might, must, can, could, should, ought to等。must表推测语气最强, 但只用于肯定式, 否定式中用can’t或couldn’t代替;mustmaymightcan’tcouldcouldn’t+have done表示对过去发生事情的推测;should, ought to表示“按理说应该”, 如:

It may be the headmaster’s office.I am not sure. (把握性不大)

He was careless.He might have won the first place otherwise. (过去的可能性很小)

——Who can it be? (can代替must)

——It must be our manager.

——No, it can’t he him.He is in Japan at the moment. (must不能用于否定句, 由can’t代替)

——Was it in the street that he played football yesterday?

——It could be in the street, but I am not sure. (可能性不大)

There were five men in your car during the long journey.It must have been uncomfortable. (=It couldn’t have been comfortable.可能性很大)

He was with me in the class at that time yesterday.He couldn’t have played basketball on the playground yesterday. (动词是过去式时用couldn’t have done, 不用can’t have done)

He should be over fifteen years old, because he is a student in the 11th grade.

She ought to turn up at any moment, for she is always on time for work.

第八, 表示轻微埋怨、责备或后悔的情态动词有shouldought toneedn’tcouldmight+have done, 如:

The movie star has died.You shouldought to have come here earlier. (过去该做而没做)

She is unhappy now.I shouldn’toughtn’t to have told her the bad news. (过去不该做而做了)

I needn’t have carried so much cash.All my bank cards could be available actually. (做了没必要做的事)

You could have married me at that time.I loved and love you but he doesn’t. (过去本可以做但没做)

She was out of mind.She might have passed the exam otherwise. (过去也许会但没有)

第九, 表示警告、允诺、命令或威胁的情态动词是shall, 常用于第二、三人称, 如:

You shall take the book to read as long as I finish it before Friday.

All the candidates shall remain at their seats until the bell rings announcing the end of the exam.

第十, 表示偏执的情态动词是must, 如:

If you must want to know my age, which is a privacy, let me tell you unwillingly.

Must you smoke at a no-smoking area?You will be punished seriously.

第十一, 表示怀疑的情态动词有should (竟然) , dare, can’t, 如:

Such a high official should be so rude to that little girl.What a shame!

How dare you say that I treated you unfairly?Actually I did it right.

Why can’t you know my telephone number and email address?We are good friends.

第十二, 表示习惯性的情态动词有will, would, will表示现在反复, would表示过去反复, 如:

After work he will go to the caféto have a cup of coffee every day.

Whenever and wherever he met him, he would stop the soldier and ask the same questions again and again in the army.

二情态动词用法区别

第一, must&have to。must表示主观上“必须”, have to表示客观逼迫“不得不”, 如:

We must study English very hard, which I like very much.

I have to study English very hard, because I have to pass the exam in the NMET.

第二, would, used to, be used to doing&be used to do sth。would表示过去反复的动作, 而uesd to则侧重“过去如此, 现在已经不是那样了”以及“过去存在的状态”;be used to doing是表示“习惯于做某事”, 其中be有时态和人称的变化, 后跟动名词;be used to do something表示“某东西被用来做某事”, 如:

When he was in that factory, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

He used to smoke and drink a lot, but now he doesn’t.

There used to be a big temple where there is a school now. (过去的状态)

He has been used to working in such bad conditions.

Wood can be used to make desks and chairs as well houses.

第三, didn’t need to do&needn’t have done。didn’t need to do表示“过去没必要做也没做”, 而needn’t have done表示“过去没必要做但已经做了”, 如:

It was raining yesterday.I didn’t need to work in the fields, so I stayed at home. (没去工作)

It was Sunday yesterday.I needn’t have gone to school.But I forgot it and went as usual. (去学校了)

第四, need&dare。这两个词既可用作情态动词, 也可用作实义动词, 一般来说, 情态动词多用于否定和疑问句;实义动词用于各种句式, 后跟动词不定式, I dare say是固定短语, 意为“我认为、我相信”, 如:

——Need I finish my report by six o’clock today? (情态动词)

——Yes, you mustyou have to.

——No, you needn’tyou don’t have to.

As a Chinese high school student, I need to work at least 10 hours a day. (实义动词)

My car needs repairingto be repaired thoroughly. (实义动词, 后跟动名词主动表被动)

Tom daren’t go out alone when it is dark at night. (情态动词)

Dare you go home to face your parents when you haven’t done well in the exams? (情态动词)

I don’t dare to feel the snake even if it is dead. (实义动词)

第五, can’t have done&couldn’t have donecould have done。can’t have done和couldn’t have done均可表示must的否定推测, 强调从现在角度出发推测过去某事“不可能”;但当主句的谓语动词是过去式时, 就必须用couldn’t have done;could have done表示“过去有能力或有可能做某事但没有做”, 有惋惜、遗憾、批评、责备等意思, 如:

His jacket is still here, so he can’t (couldn’t) have gone home. (must的否定式)

My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture. (过去不可能)

You could have walked here instead of taking a taxi;it is so near.

第六, would like to do&would like to have done。would like to do表示现在或将来“想做某事”, 而would like to have done表示过去“想做某事但没做成”, 如:

I would like to go to the concert tonight, but my parents don’t allow me to.

I would like to have gone to the concert last night but I had to review lessons for the exams.

参考文献

[1]张道真.实用英语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002

情态动词和虚拟语气的考查重点 篇3

“情态动词+have+过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：

1. must have done 过去一定做了某事

2. can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了某事

3. may/might have done 过去可能做了某事

4. needn’t have done 本来没有必要做而实际做了某事

5. could have done 本来能够做而实际没有做某事

6. should/ought to have done 本来应该做而实际没有做某事

7. shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done 本来不该做而实际做了某事

例1 It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones； he in planning the monument， or in helping transport and pull up the stones. （hand）

巨石王和这些石头可能有联系，他可能参与了计划建造纪念碑，或者帮助运输并且竖起巨石。

解析 may/might/could have had a hand。考查“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构。may/might/could have done sth意为“过去可能做了某事”，故该题应该用may/might/could have had a hand。

例2 He looks sleepy. He last night， writing the essay. （stay）

他看上去昏昏欲睡。他昨天晚上一定在熬夜写文章。

解析 mush have stayed up。考查情态动词表示推测的用法，表示根据时间状语last night可以判断该句表示对过去情况的肯定推测，所以用must have done sth这一结构来表示推测。

例3 It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent， but they ， because the ocean in between is too wide. （do）

据说，他们从大陆游到了那个岛上。但是他们不可能做到，因为两者之间的海洋太宽了。

解析 can’t/couldn’t have done it/so/that/this。考查情态动词表示推测的用法。根据题干提供的语境可判断本句是对过去情况进行的否定推测，故用can’t/couldn’t have+done结构。

can，could，may，might，must皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：

1. 语气。语气较强用must， cannot，couldn’t；语气较弱用may，might或can，could；

2. 句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could；

3. 时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词+动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词+进行式”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词+完成式”结构。

can的特殊搭配

1. can’t help/choose but do... 不得不做……

2. can’t help （to） do 不能帮忙做

3. can’t help doing 情不自禁做……

4. can’t/couldn’t agree more 十分赞成

5. it can’t/couldn’t be better 十分好，非常好

6. may/might as well 还是……的好；不妨

例4 Your doctor will ask you these questions anyway， so you have the information. （as）

总之你的医生会问你这些问题，因此你最好留着这些资料。

解析 may/might as well。该题考查may/might as well结构在具体语境中的运用。

虚拟语气的基本用法

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，其基本结构为：if+主语+动词的一般过去式（be动词用were）+其他成分，主语+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其基本结构为：if+主语+动词的过去完成式+其他成分，主语+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。

3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，其基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去式/should do/were to do+其他成分，if+主语+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。

这里考查较多的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如：

例5 If alcohol last night， I could have driven my car home. （drink ）

如果我昨天晚上没有喝酒的话，我就可以把我的车开回家了。

解析 I hadn’t drunk。考查if引导的虚拟语气。根据主句I could have driven my car home，可以判断该处是对过去情况的虚拟，故分句部分要用过去完成时，由此可知答案为I hadn’t drunk。

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例6 Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule， we the train. （miss）

要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。

解析 would not have missed。if引导的条件虚拟句中谓语部分如果有were/had/should，可以省略if，并将were/had/should置于句首。所以根据题干可以判断该句是对过去情况的虚拟，故主句也应当使用过去时态，即would not have missed。

含蓄虚拟条件句

这样的虚拟句不含有if，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等词引导句子，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。

例7 Most believe he for England last week， but for a serious injury which put him out of football. （play）

多数人认为，要不是因为受了重伤告别足球，上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。

解析 would/could have played。考查含蓄虚拟条件句的运用，根据题干中的but for a serious injury which put him out of football可以判断该部分表示的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件，故对应的分句也应当使用相应的针对过去情况的虚拟句，即would/could have played。

主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句

在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。

例8 I you， but I was really occupied the whole week. （occupy）

我本想帮助你，但我整整一周都很忙。

解析 would have helped。该题中but连接两个并列句， but之后的分句表述的是过去发生的真实情况，所以应该用一般过去时。但是but之前的分句表述的却是与过去事实相反的假设，所以应该用虚拟语气。

例9 What a pity！ If I had caught that flight， I the Pacific Ocean now. （would）

真遗憾！如果我赶上了那趟航班，我现在正在太平洋上空飞行呢。

解析 would be flying over。考查错综时间虚拟语气，主从句时间不一致：从句表明与过去事实相反的假设，而主句表明的却是与现在事实相反的假设，所以分别应该使用不同的虚拟语气形式。

名词性从句中的虚拟语气

在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句或在it作形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等词，表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”的含义时，从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略。

例10 After circling around the earth for three days， Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that as scheduled the next day. （land）

神州飞船在环绕地球盘旋三天之后，接到了来自地面的第二天按预定计划着陆的命令。

解析 it （should） land。考查虚拟语气。that在此处引导同位语语从句，从句结构为“（should+）动词原形”。

例11 Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention at the meeting. （discuss）

Johnson先生坚决要求，值得关注的问题应该在会上被讨论。

解析 （should） be discussed。考查虚拟语气。insist引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句结构是 “（should）+动词原形”；主语 problem与“讨论”之间是被动关系，故答案为（should） be discussed。

wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气

wish，would rather引导的宾语从句及if only所引导的从句，须用虚拟语气：从句用一般过去时（be用were）表示与现在或将来的事实不符；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实不符。

例12 I fell so sick. I wish Mum to eat so much. （force）

我觉得很不舒服。我希望妈妈没有逼我吃这么多。

解析 hadn’t forced me。考查虚拟语气。从语境看，这里应该是表示对过去情况或延续到现在的情况的虚拟，故用过去完成时。

情态动词语法讲解及练习题 篇4

You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。

2)当回答由may 引起的问题时，否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。

May I come in?

Yes, you may.

No,you can’t

No, you may not .

No ,you mustn’t

No ,you’d better not.

3) may /might 推测性用法 可能

He may be right.

He may not come today (可能不)

He may /might come tomorrow.

, 注意: 1只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中。

2 might 比may可能性更小

He might get a job.

He may get a job.

3 may no 可能不 can not不可能

He may not come

He can’t come

3)表建议(可和as well 连用)

You may(might)as well stay where you are.

你还是原地待着好。(may as well 有“还是……的好”的含义)

4)表祝愿

情态动词专项 篇5

1.can

①（表能力）能…，会…

She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike.A computer can’t think for itself.(不会思考)

②（可能，许可）能够…，可以…

The noise outside has stopped , now I can get down to my study.--Can I use your telephone?--Yes, of course, you can.You can go out to play when you do away with your homework.③有时会…，偶尔…，The climate of East China can be pretty cold in winter.Jogging can be harmful for the health.Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.London could be rather cold in summer while I stayed there.④（表温和的命令）请做…，得…

I’ll do the cooking, and you can do the washing.（请你去洗衣服）

You can go now.⑤（表示猜测）可能…

Can he be working till so late?

Who can it be at this time of day?

Can it be Tom? No, it can’t be Tom.He is busy these days, so he can’t come today.can 与be able to 的区别：

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone was able to get out.(强调设法干成某事)

2.shall

⑪用于一三人称的问句中，表示征求对方的意见

Shall I shut the window? Yes, please.Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?

Shall they come in?

Shall we go out for a walk?

⑫用于二三人称，表示命令，允诺，警告，威胁，强制

①You shall go to the front at once.(命令)

②Don’t worry.You shall get the answer this afternoon.（允诺）

③I promise she shall get a nice present on her birthday.（允诺）

④He shall be punished.威胁

⑤You shall listen to me.(命令)

⑥The interest(利益利润)shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.(命令法规)

⑦It has been announced that candidates(候选人)shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.（表按规定）

3.must

⑪必须

I must keep my word.You must get up much earlier.⑫不必needn’t/don’t have to

--Must I wash the dishes at once?

--No, you needn’t./don’t have to.⑬mustn’t 禁止，不许

You mustn’t play with the knife.Cars mustn’t be parked here.--May I use your pen?

--No, you mustn’t

⑭（表必然性）必定

Everyone must die.⑮（表固执，不满等）偏要硬要

Our there-year-old boy must do the opposite to what we ordered.Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chat.Why must you be so stubborn(倔强的)?

If you must know, I’m going to help him look for an apartment.4.should

⑪ 应该

You should apologize to him.We should attend the meeting.⑫（表预期）按理会…，想必会…，一定会…

The concert should be great fun.The photos should be ready by 12:00.The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things should happen to him.⑬（表惊讶，遗憾）竟然居然

I’m glad that your story should speak in such a way.I wonder that a person like him should make such a mistake.It’s a pity that he should resign.⑭（用于条件状语从句中）一旦，万一

If she should know the truth, she would be depressed.If you should change your mind, let us know.Ask him to call me up if you should see him.⑮（用于lest, for fear that, in case引导的句子）以免，唯恐

She gave me a list just in case I should forget what to buy.He ran away lest he should be caught.He gets up early for fear that he should miss it.5.would

①(表过去的习惯行为)常常经常

When I was a child, I would often go skiing.We would stay up all night talking about our future.Every morninghe would go for a walk.When he was here, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday.区别used to do sth过去常常

I use to be a waiter, but now a taxi driver.There used to be a cinema here before the war.Our country isn’t what it used to be.②（表示说话者的厌烦焦躁）老是偏要

That’s exactly like Susie.She would come to me just when I was busy.(老是在我忙碌时来找我)

I told him not to go, but he would not listen.（可他偏不听）

③（用于if 从句）愿意乐意

If you would go there instead of me, I should be very glad.如果你愿意代替我去那儿，我会很高兴的。

You could win if you would try要是你愿意尝试，你会赢的④（用于否定句中，主语一般是事物，表某事物暂时的特性）就是不能 That window wouldn’t open.That morning my car wouldn’t start.When I called on him this morning, his dog wouldn’t let me in.The door won’t open.The car won’t start.The doctor knows I won’t be operated on.⑤（表示推测）大概，大约

That would be his father.那大概设他父亲。

You would be about 10 years old then.你那时大概10岁。

It would be about ten when they left.I thought she would have told you about it.6.需特别注意：

①may well do sth =be very likely to do sth(很可能，完全能)

may as well do sth = had better do sth

② would like to have done

= would love to have done

= was/were to have done(本来想做…，本来打算做…)

③ had better have done sth（当时已做了…就好了）

④ must have done sth（肯定干过某事）

⑤ can have done sth可能已干过…

can’t have done sth不可能干过…，肯定没干过…

⑥could have done sth本来能够干 …，可能已干过…

⑦ may /might have done sth也许已经干过…，⑧should have done sth

=ought to have done sth本来应该干…

⑨needn’t have done sth本不必做…

⑩would rather have done sth宁愿干过…

would rather not have done sth宁愿没干过…

好成绩是练出来的：

1.A left –luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time , especially at a railway station.A shouldB canC must D will

2.How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

A canB mustC needD may

3.--There’s no light on.--they ___ be at home.A can’tB mustn’tC needn’tD shouldn’t

4.Some aspects of a pilots job ___ be boring ,and pilots often ___ work at in convenient hours.A can, have toB may, canC have to, mayD ought to, must

5.He didn’t agree with me at first, but I ____ persuade him to sign the agreement later.A couldB mightC ought to Dwas able to

6.If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and…

A wouldB couldC had toD ought to

7.The World Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Walt because it ___ be very slow.A shouldB mustC will D can.8.—Is Jack on duty today?

--It ___ be him.It’s his turn tomorrow.A can’tB mustn’tC needn’tD won’t

9.I____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A couldn’tB mustn’tC needn’tD shouldn’t

10.—I have taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.--It ___ Harry’s.He always wears green.A has toB will beC must beD could be

11.You ____ be tired , you have only been working for an hour.A can’tB mustn’tC may notD won’t

12.—Do you know where David is ?I couldn’t find him anywhere.--Well, he ___ have gone far.His coat is still here.A can’tB mustn’tC may notD won’t

13.—Can I pay the bill by check?

--Sorry, sir.But it is the payment shall be made in cash.A shallB mustC will D can.14.—Could I have a word with you, mum?

--Oh, dear, if you ____.A shouldB mustC may D can.15.Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ___ go and do the opposite.A shouldB mustC may D can.16.—Who is the girl standing over there?

--Well, if you ___ know, her name is Mabel.A shallB mustC may D can.17.John, look at the time.___ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A NeedB MustC May D Can.18._____ you need any help, you can phone me at the office.A WouldB ShouldC CouldD Had

19.—I’m afraid I will be too busy to go with you.--Well, I’ll keep a seat for you in case you ___ change your mind.A shouldB mayC will D can.20.If anything __ happen to me, please give this letter to my head teacher.A couldB mustC wouldD should

21.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.A being thereB should there beC there wasD there having been

22.—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.--They ___ be ready by 12:00.A shouldB mightC need D can.23.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___ be here at any moment.A shouldB mustC need D can.班级________姓名_____________

1-5 ___________________2-10___________________11-15_________________

情态动词复习教案 篇6

情态动词复习教案

情态动词复习教案 高考考点： 1. 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等， 2. 情态动词表推测 所需课时：三课时 内容讲解： 一、情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等， 1. can (could) 1) 表示能力，could主要指过去时间。例如： ① Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 ② Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗? 2) 表示允许。例如： ① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗? ② He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading―room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 3) 表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如： ① Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢? ② How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心? 4) 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。例如： ① Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?. ② I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2.may (might) 1) 表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。例如： ① You may take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。 ② May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗? 2)在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 3 must 表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。例如： ① We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 ② --Must we hand in our exercise books now?我们现在就要交练习本吗? --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不必。 3.shall 1) 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。例如： ① Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗? ② Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗? 2) 表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 例如： ① You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令) ② You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺) ③ He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。(警告) ④ Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心) 4.will 1) 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。例如： ① I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 ② None is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 ③ If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。 2) 表请求，用于疑问句。例如： ① Will you close the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗? ② Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗? 3) 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。例如： ① Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 ② The door won’t open. 这门打不开。 5. should 1) 表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。例如： ① You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 ② You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 2)(表示不确定)万一。例如： ① If I should see him, Ill tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。 ② If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed. 万一明天下雨,比赛就延期举行。 6. would 1) 表意愿。例如：: ① They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。 ② I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2) 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。例如： ① Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗? ② They wouldn’t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3) 表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。例如：: Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 7.ought to 表义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做)，口气比should稍重。例如： ① You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当管他。 ② You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 8. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。例如：i ① There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。 ② I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。j }F ③ Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗? 9.特殊情态动词need和dare的.用法： need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 1) 用作情态动词。例如：| ① You needn’t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 ② I don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。 ③ She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 ④ How dare you say I’m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平?_ 2) 用作实义动词。例如： ① You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 ② We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 ③ The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 ④ We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 ⑤ He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 ⑥ I dare say he’ll come again. 我想他会再来的。 【注意】(I dare say…为固定习语) 二、情态动词表推测 常用表推测情态动词的用法： 1.can 表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。例如：~,>_K ① He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 ② You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 2.may 表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 例如： ① He may be at home. 他可能在家。 ② She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 3. must 表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 例如： ① He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 ② She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。: 4. should 表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。例如： ① The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。 ② They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 5. ought to 表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。例如： ① Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 ② There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。 6. could可能性不大，语气较弱。 7 might 可能性最小，语气最弱。 备注： 表示可能性大小的顺序为： must >will >would >ought to >should >can >could>may>might 结构： 1情态动词+ 动词原形 (对现在和将来的动作进行推测) He must understand that we mean business. 2情态动词+ be +doing (对正在发生的动作进行推测) ----Where is LiLei ? ---- He may be studying at school. 3.情态动词+ have +done ( 对过去的动作进行推测) must have done 一定干了某事 could have done 可能干了某是或本可以干了某事 may/might have done 也许已经干了某事 should/ ought to have done 本应该做了某事可是没有做 need not have done 本不必干了某事 had better have done 最好干了某事 would rather have done 宁愿干了某事 would like / love have done 本想干了某事其实未干 Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 备注： 情态动词 + have +done 反义问句的结构由有无时间状语来决定。 Lucy must have worked last night, didn’t she? Lucy must have worked , hasn’t she? 4.情态动词+ have been + v-ing形式 (表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行) They should have been meeting to discuss the problem. 三、情态动词其它用法 1. cannot but do sth. 表示不得不，只好 I cannot but choose to go. 2. may well +动词原形 完全能， 很可能 He may well be proud of his son. 3. may as well 最好…… We may as well stay where we are. 4 cannot ( 或neve