雅思图表小作文详解（精选10篇）
2.2010月31日Some people think people working in creative arts should be financially supported by government. Others think they should find financial support from other resources. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
3.4月16日When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
关键词：雅思,考研英语,写作,对比
在任何标准化的语言测试当中,写作的分值占比都相当大,是英语水平考试的必考题型,如考研英语、四六级、托福、雅思等,都包含了写作,但侧重点各有不同,而在研究生英语入学考试(简称“考研英语”NETEM)和国外雅思考试(简称“IELTS”)这两种类型的写作测试当中都包含了同一题型,即图表型的作文。本文选取了这两种测试当中的图表型作文作为研究对象, 通过对比分析两种图表作文写作,揭示出当中的异同点,希望能够对写作教学和应试者有所帮助。
1图表写作测试理论
所谓“图表写作”,就是信息转化题,即利用文字的形式将图表中的数据信息表达出来(刘怡然,2009)。图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、 比较,是一种客观描述题,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,考察的是学生的观察能力和逻辑分析能力,但在这一点上却是很多考生的难点。
2雅思与考研英语图表型作文对比
2.1组织与实施
考研英语是由教育部考试中心命题,考试性质为全国统考、联考、单独命题。从2010年开始,全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为英语(一)和英语(二)。考研英语大纲就考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构做出了改革,规定英语二当中的写作部分分为A、B两节组成,共两小题,25分,A节为应用文或摘要写作(字数为80~100词,10分),B节为图表作文(150个词,15分),考研英语采取百分制,图表作文占比15%。考试时间包括写作在内总共180分钟,分配在图表写作上的时间为半个小时左右。
雅思考试是由剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部、英国文化协会及IDP教育集团共同管理,是一种针对英语能力,为打算到使用英语的国家学习、工作或定居的人们设置的英语水平考试。雅思考试分学术类和培训类两种,分别针对申请留学的学生和计划在英语语言国家参加工作或移民的人士。考试分听、 说、读、写四个部分,总分9分。其中学术类雅思写作包含两篇作文。在作文一中,题目会给出一个或多个互相关联的图表、 图解或表格,考生需对这些信息或数据进行分析、综合、描述, 文章字数不能少于150字。图表写作时间为20分钟,分数占比为8%。
通过以上信息对比发现,两者在写作字数上相差无几,但是时间上考研图表比雅思图表的写作时间要多1/3,分数占比也相应地多一倍。
2.2图表类型
考研写作类型:曲线图、饼状图、表格图、柱状图。表1是2010年至2016年考研英语图表作文真题。
雅思写作类型:曲线图、饼状图、柱状图、表格图、地图题、 流程图、混合图(图形类型也分为静态图和动态图)。表2是2015年1-12月份雅思学术类小作文图表类型分布。
其中有三次考试出现了AB卷:11月7日、11月19日、11月21日。
通过对比发现,雅思与考研英语中,柱状图都是最常考到的图形,而就话题而言,两者涉及的考点也十分接近,都是一些社会热点问题。比如说教育文化类、行业发展、经济现象类、职场职业类,社会负面话题等。
2.3题目要求
雅思与考研写作在要求上有着不同的准则,两者在题目当中都做了详细的要求,如下所列:
考研写作: 1. interpret the chart, and;2. give your comments.
雅思写作: Summarise the information by selecting and report-ing the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
通过题目要求对比发现,这两者最大的区别就在于考研写作要求考生做出相应的评论,而雅思写作更加强调通过对比, 客观地陈述总结图表的内容。
2.4评分标准
根据出题形式和题目要求,教育部考试中心和剑桥雅思官方也对考试的评分标准做了详细的规定,如下所列。
考研写作: 1) 很好地完成了试题规定的任务,包含了所有内容要点;2) 使用丰富的语法结构和词汇;3) 语言自然流畅,基本上没有语法错误;4) 有效地采用了多种衔接手法,文字连贯, 层次清晰;5) 格式与语域(正式、一般或非正式的语言)恰当贴切;6) 对目标读者(即语言的接受对象)完全产生了预期的效果。
雅思写作:Task 1: Task Achievement(写作任务完成情况)、Coherence and Cohesion(连贯与衔接)、Lexical Resources(词汇丰富程度)、Grammatical Range and Accuracy(语法多样性及准确性) (斐石,2006)。
对比可以发现,两者都强调内容的完整性,文章组织的连贯性,语法结构和词汇的多样性以及语言的准确性,但是考研写作还特地强调了文体和目标读者的反应问题。
2.5信度和效度
提高一项考试的质量,最主要的是提高考试的信度和效度,信度是指对学生的语言水平提供可靠的度量,效度是指考试能准确地反映学生实际应用语言的能力(杨惠中,1999)。国外也有一些对于雅思本身的评分机制及其效度和信度的分析检验,如IELTS Collected Papers: Research in Speaking and Writ-ing Assessment(罗哲怡,燕丽勤,2013)。从信度角度出发,虽说两者均有相应的较为清晰且严格的评分标准,但其题型多样, 给予考生更多的答题灵活性,从而降低了他们的信度;就效度而言,分析发现,雅思和考研图表型的作文不仅是考查学生英语写作水平的一种有效手段,同时也考察了他们从非文字材料中获取信息的能力。根据方秀才(2011)年的研究与调查发现, 考研英语的表面效度较高。根据Alderson, Clapham&Wall的论述,尽管表面效度多是一些“外行”人群对某一项测试的评价, 自身测试可能欠缺依据,但他们更相信,如果被试认为某项考试,表面效度较高,被试就更可能最大限度地发挥自己的能力和水平,更合理地答题,进而影响该项考试的应答效度(re-sponse validity) (1995:172-175)。甚至很多交际学家认为表面效度是最重要的效度种类之一(Heaton 1988:160)。两类考试中的图表写作主要涉及的都是一些热门话题,对这些话题的分析一方面可以反映考生的语言基本功,另外一方面可以反映其逻辑思维能力,尤其是考研图表写作中还要求考生发表自己的看法,更能体现其语言表达和思维能力,故这两种考试是具有一定的效度的。
2.6写作要领
通过观察课堂上考生做的练习以及修改他们的课后作文, 笔者发现大部分考生在写雅思小作文和考研作文时容易出现以下两个问题。
(1) 选择信息太过细化
很多考生在写小作文时往往会把他们看到的所有信息都描述出来。假设题目给出的图表中有三根曲线,有些考生会把每一根曲线上自己认为重要的点都列举出来,如起点、转折点、 最高点、最低点、终点、交叉点等。这样写不仅在考官看来是过度陈述,还会导致小作文字数过多(150词是底线,180词较合适,但很多考生会写到200~300词)。考研和雅思图表的写作都不超过30分钟,这样过多的陈述势必会影响到其他部分的答题。过度陈述带来的更严重问题是言多必失,内容过多就更容易出现句子使用不恰当或词汇拼写错误的问题,导致不必要的失分。
(2) 单纯描述信息而没有对比
这个问题出现的主要原因是考生在平时训练时没有培养好在短时间内快速提取信息的能力,所以只会一味地描述显而易见的信息,如上升、下降、波动等。如果单纯描述这些信息, 考生不仅不容易达到字数要求(150词),也会使文章因为没有明显的对比和比较而不够全面,使用的衔接词也会较少。
针对以上两个问题以及结合两类考试自身的题目要求特提出以下写作要领:
在写考研图表作文时,常采用三段式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化或趋势,通过趋势对比和极值、特殊值描述来概述图表所揭示的信息,注意不要过多的陈述每个节点信息,采用对比的方法比较差异,总结起来就是,总括大趋势、 描述关键点和作对比。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以表述为:
第一段:概述图表内容
第二段:分析产生的原因
第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议
而雅思图表作文则完全不同,雅思图表写作只需要把这当中的信息表达出来,不需要就这一信息发表自己的看法。简单地表述为:
第一段:开头引言(开头段题目改写)
第二段:描述特征
第三段:可能总结(总结整体特征或特殊值,非分析原因或提出建议)
在雅思小作文的写作中,文章反映数据的关系要全面,文章要有概括性。有全面也要有重点,对于一些极值数据和特殊情况要做一个重点的介绍(张克松,2003)。
注意两者虽在整体架构上有所不同,但是在数据分析模块方面还是有共通之处的,笔者就图表描述模块给广大考生提出了一些写作技巧:
(1) 注意时态,大部分的图表都是就过去的一些数据的分析,但是也不乏会有对未来的一些预测,如果是过去则毫无疑问采用一般过去时,但是如果是对未来的预测,时态方面一定注意不要使用will+do或其他构成一般将来时的形式,而应当采取be predicted to或者be estimated to等形式进行预测。
(2) 注意无论是考研英语还是雅思当中的图表,都可以划分为静态图和动态图两种类型。
静态图常见的是柱图、饼图和表格图。静态图的写作思路相对比较多元化,重点在比较关系上,利用比较和排序来展开。归纳总结为挑出极值(最大值与最小值),挑选剩余数值(倍数关系,变化明显的数值);
1) 占据:take up, make up, cover, be shared by, form, com-prise, represent, occupy, account for, constitute, be the instrument of等
2) 剩余事物:the rest, sth is in the charge of, the remainder等
注意在静态图中抓住一些数据之间的倍数关系,占据最大和最小的模块分别是什么,同时注意句型的套用。
有时间推移变化的图我们通常叫作动态图。曲线图都是动态图,但是对于表格图,柱图和饼图却有动态和静态之分。 对于大多数的动态图,都可以大致当作线图来处理。动态图的关键点在于横向的趋势分析和纵向的极值与特殊值(强调交点、拐点、最高点、最低点)的描述。
1) 趋势词汇
上升类:increase, rise, surge, shoot up, grow, jump, soar
下降类:decrease, decline, drop, sink, fall down, dip
波动类:plateau at,fluctuate around
持平类:remain stable,stay steady,stabilize,remain constant
2)变化程度
slightly, slowly, gradually, steadily, rapidly, moderately, con-siderably, sharply, significantly, dramatically, drastically
3) 极值类词汇和表达
最高点:reach the peak,top,the highest point,peak at
最低点:reach the bottom,the lowest point,bottom out at
注意,为了迎合评分标准当中的词汇的丰富性,在考试当中,考生可以尽量变换词性,同义词替换以及句型的变换使用, 以达到丰富文章的效果。
(3) 以上讲到的是词汇使用上的一些注意的点,除此之外在句子结构上面,考生一定要注意以下三个语法点的利用。
1)复合句的使用(包括定语从句,名词性从句和状语从句)
2)非谓语动词的使用(包括不定式,动名词和分词结构)
3) 介词结构的使用
3结束语
综上所述,雅思写作当中涉及的图表类型更加广泛,主要注重通过对比,客观地陈述总结图表的内容,对事实信息进行描述,而考研写作则要求考生在描述信息的基础之上,通过逻辑分析,做出相应的评论。二者都具有表面效度,但由于两者题型多样,给予考生更多的答题灵活性,从而降低了他们的信度。考研和雅思图表型的写作各有异同,通过对比分析,希望能帮助学习者深入了解考试,掌握写作技巧,为其参加写作测试且提高英语水平提供一定依据。
参考文献
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[2]Heaton J B.Writing English Language Tests[M].London:Longman Group UK Limited,1988.
[3]斐石.IELTS考试首次公布评分标准细则[J].留学生,Over-seas-Educated Scholars,2006,02.
[4]方秀才.全国英语考研试题质量评价[J].科技信息,Science&Technology Information,2011,12.
[5]教育部考试中心.全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语专业)[Z].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
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The key difference between the diagrams is that they show flood protection with and without a stopbank. In either case, the at-risk home is raised on stilts above ground level.
The first diagram shows how a stopbank acts as a flood barrier to stop river water from flooding homes. The stopbank is a small mound of land next to the river that is higher than the 100-year flood level, and prevents the river from bursting its banks. Nearby houses can be built on stilts to prevent flooding from rainwater, and a floodgate beneath the stopbank can be opened to allow this ‘ponding’ to drain off into the river.
When there is no stopbank, as shown in the second diagram, there will be nothing to stop the river from flooding. In this case, the solution is to put buildings on stilts. The height of the stilts is measured so that the floor of the house is 300mm above the 100-year flood level. This measurement is called the ‘freeboard’.(184)
(184 words, band 9)
雅思小作文考官范文基本套路
段一：话题重述
段二：概括话题数据的主要特征或规律
段三：详述特征规律一
段四：详述特征规律二
注意：simon考官主张雅思小作文无须总结!大家可留心这一点。当然小作文是否需要写总结段，无定论。
a类雅思小作文9分范文 流程图之屋顶太阳能发电
The diagram below shows how solar panels can be used to provide electricity for domestic use.
Hints for Academic Writing Task 1
DONT copy any part of the question in your answer. This is not your own work and therefore will be disregarded by the examiner and deducted from the word count. You can use individual words but be careful of using long chunks of the question text.
Dont repeat yourself or the same ideas. This gives a bad impression and the examiner realises that it isnt adding to the content of your report.
If you are weak at English grammar, try to use short sentences. This allows you to control the grammar and the meaning of your writing much more easily and contributes to a better cohesion and coherence mark. Its much easier to make things clear in a foreign language if you keep your sentences short!
As I just said, if you have finished the exam with time to spare, DONT just sit there!! Check what you have done. If you have time after the check, check again. And so on....
Dont be irrelevant. Although you can use your imagination to expand on your answer, if any part of your report is totally unrelated to the question and put in to just put up the word count, then the examiner will not take it into account and deduct it from the word count.
笔者对Word2007图表处理功能简单试用之后发现其提供的强大的样式库真的可以与想象完美融合，制作出美轮美奂、变化万千的精美图表。下面以一个简单的实例来说明Word2007图表的制作过程，权当是抛砖引玉，希望广大读者举一反三，使用好这个功能。
Word2007图表制作的顺序是:
选择图表类型—整理原始数据—图表设计—图表布局—图表格式。
所有的内容Word均独立完成，不需要另外借助Excel。
1.选择图表类型
首先需要根据数据的特点选择适当的图表。点击“插入—图表”，弹出“创建图表”窗口。由于选择的例子是一个压力随温度变化的组数据，为了反映出变化趋势，需要选择数据类型中的XY散点图，由于是等间隔截取的数据，所以我们采用平滑的曲线段来将它们串联。
Word提供了多达10种的图表类型，以下是总结的各种图表类型所适用的数据特点。
2.整理原始数据
确定图表类型后，屏幕会发生一系列变化，请耐心等待。屏幕右侧会出现根据您选择的图表类型而内置的示例数据。广大用户在以往的操作过程中往往会遇到生成图表与理想类型不符的问题，原因大多是在数据格式方面有了差错。所以示例数据的目的就是引导您按照格式进行数据录入。
在您改动数据的时候，左侧的图表会实时显示数据信息，这是Word2007的一大特点，很是直观。这时，上方的工具区也转换为图表相关，接下来我们将重点使用它们来修饰图表草表和数据。
实例共有两项数据:“温度”和“压力”，
利用工具栏上“编辑数据源”可以调出数据编辑窗口，在这里对图表数据区域、数据切换和添加、删除等细节进行操作。直到左侧图表窗口出现我们期望的图形草图。
3.图表设计
图表设计主要是“快速布局”和“快速样式”，操作方式很简单。保持图表的选中状态，在缩略图显示的功能键上单击即可。
快速样式主要是根据图表类型而进行的美化设计。在折线类型中就提供了多达60种内置样式，一定有一款适合您。经过这两项处理，图表的样子就大体有眉目了，还需要在细节上再下下功夫，下面进入图表布局的设置。
4.图表布局
完成一张正式专业的图表需要涉及的内容很多，有“标题”、“坐标轴”、“图例”、“数据标签”、“网格线”、“趋势线”等等，在“布局”功能区都可以对它们一一设置。可以看到其中有“形状”、“Labels(标签)”、“Axes(轴线)”、“Background(背景)”、“Analysis(数据分析)”几大功能区，可以根据自己的需要和图表的特点对上述项目进行逐一设置。
每一项设置都有直接的选项，这里我们就不一一演示了，仅仅把所有可选项集中展示一下，以便让对Word2007还不熟悉的朋友们了解一下究竟程序提供了多少功能。
这是标题、坐标轴标题和图利的选项内容。
这是坐标轴、网格线的选项内容。
5.图表格式
经过上述处理，可以说图表基本完工了，“图表格式”功能区主要是针对成型的图表作图片格式处理，具体内容请参看:
最终处理结束的图表如下图所示。
雅思听力考试的图表题主要包括地图题(主要是指一个区域里面有哪些建筑和街道之间的建筑物)，流程题(就是指一个东西的制作过程，或者是事情的发展 顺序)，和少量的图形题(具体图形不定，就只是以更直观的形式来出题)，这些题的出题形式会以填空的形式或者在地图题里会出现少量的地图搭配题。地图题和流程题，出题形式一般是填空的形式，有时在地图题里会出现地图搭配题，图表填空题答案的字数都在一个到三个单词或者数字之间。图表题最常出现在part2和part4，但是在其他两个部分有时也会贯穿出现。
一. 雅思官方综合类资料
说到雅思综合类资料很多小伙伴肯定都会想到雅思考试官方出品的两类备考资料：OG和剑雅真题。OG是雅思官方给考生的一本指南类书籍，但是书中也有关于雅思听说读写的综合类资料。剑雅真题是指剑雅4-13，至于4套之前的，因为内容太过老旧，不具备参考价值。不同于OG的是，剑雅真题里面没有指南性的内容，全部都是听说读写题目，这些题目是之前雅思考过的真题，而且剑雅4-13每一套都是单独一册书，每一册包括四个Test。
从利用价值上来，剑雅真题是要大于OG的，因为剑雅真题与雅思考试更接近，而OG里的练习题与真题在难度和出题方式上都有些许差异。所以雅思官方综合资料里最受推崇，利用价值最高的是剑雅系列。
二. 雅思机经
雅思机经属于非官方类的综合资料，它也包括听说读写四个部分，之所以把它单独列出来，是因为在雅思备考中，它为人所熟知的程度仅次于雅思官方资料。雅思机经，也称作雅思机经预测，是针对雅思考试的预测题目。它的形式与剑雅真题不同，网上大部分雅思机经是分科目罗列的，听力、阅读、口语和写作各个独立。但是就利用价值而言，雅思机经可谓却饱受争议。有人将其奉上神坛，有人将其贬的一文不值。那么雅思机经使用价值究竟如何呢?首先，它的利用价值是低于剑雅真题的，这一点毋庸置疑。其次，它是有利用价值的，只不过需要理性对待。雅思听力机经可以用作备考听力词汇的资料，雅思阅读机经可以当做泛读素材，雅思写作机经可当做各类话题的练习材料。雅思口语机经相对其他三个版块使用价值更高，可以当做口语备考的重点材料，但是遇到变题季的话要及时更新所用机经。
三.其他综合类资料
非官方雅思综合类资料还有很多，比如不同机构出的针对剑雅真题的精讲书籍，以及为那些旨在冲击高分的9分达人类的备考资料。这些资料与剑雅真题相比，只是一些辅助类资料。从利用价值上来讲，这些综合类资料要低于剑雅真题，一些辅助类的剑雅精讲要以剑雅真题为蓝本，否则完全没有使用价值，而9分系列只对于冲刺高分的人有些帮助。
总的来讲，雅思综合资料中使用价值最高的是官方出品的剑雅系列，接下来是OG和机经，其他类综合类资料可以当做辅助资料使用。如果大家不了解如何使用雅思综合资料，可以按照文中内容给资料排序，按照优先级决定使用顺序。
雅思大作文模板：优秀工作者
Describe a person who can do well in work
Who this person is
How do you know this person
What kinds of work this person does
Explain why this person can do well
雅思大作文模板范文参考：
After being matured I came to know about lots of people who spent their entire life for humanity. Among them, the contributions of Mother Teresa undoubtedly are more than any other one.
In her life, Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She had spent her entire life to care for the poor and destitute. She passed a notable part of her life in India and was moved by the pathetic condition of the people living in streets. So, she established some of the shelter homes for them in different parts of India. She is also the founder of Missionaries of Charity, and this is a Roman Catholic religious group that helps the people in distress with all sorts of facilities including the arrangement of their medical treatment, rehabilitation etc. for free of cost.
Mother Teresa did a lot of humanitarian works in her life. She learnt different languages to communicate directly with people in the Indian sub-continent. She played the role of a teacher in schools to teach students about numerous issues. She turned into a nun in 1931, and selected a name which she had to alter the spelling for another nun had the same name with the same spelling. She served for around 20 years at Loreto convent school in Calcutta. But the poorness, ill conditions and deaths of the poor people disturbed her seriously. So, she planned to help the distressed. Accordingly, she arranged for opening some shelters in Calcutta to help them. Nirmal Hriday is one of her shelters where the poverty-stricken, ill-fated people can have their treatments for some specific diseases and it is for free.
She is a motherly figure in the world and has been admired even after her death. She is mostly famous for her charitable works and Missionaries of Charities which comes in helping of the destitute across the world. In her lifetime, she was awarded numerous prizes and in 1979 she won the Noble Prize in Peace. She has been portrayed as an affectionate character who served the humanity with great care and love. She really was an admirable woman of the world.
雅思大作文模板：体育设施如何分配
Some countries achieve international sporting success by building specialized facilities to train top athletes instead of providing sports facilities that everyone can use. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
雅思大作文模板范文参考：
Many spectators would be too exhilarated to resist their feelings when they see their national flag rise with the national anthem in Olympic Games. These sports feats can hardly be achieved without some specialized facilities to train the most promising sportsmen. Although patriotism can be aroused by excellent performance, I hold the view that more sports facilities should be built to cater for the public.
One latent problem for the intended construction of specialized facilities exclusively for sportsmen is that it may dampen public’s enthusiasm for sports. Being discouraged from using the sports facilities, they are likely to believe that the access to sports is only a priority to a small group of top athletes. Whether these facilities can be utilized is based on how much contribution to the country people can make instead of the basic principle that each individual has the right to shape their bodies with some sports facilities.
It may also lead to a result that the potential talent pool of gifted athletes will be drained and lose its continuous supply. Most top sportsmen are not born to the stars, and their aptitude of sports occurs when they are jogging on the playground, playing tennis in the tennis court and running on the football pitch. Without the sports facilities accessible to the common people, their sports talent is unlikely to be found and then fully harnessed.
There are certainly some benefits of the specialized facilities construction. The top sportsmen can be professionally trained without much disturb of the public, thereby concentrating on their physical practice. They can also make full use of these facilities to boost their body and improve their professionalism. However, the beneficiaries are narrowly constrained with a small proportion of people and the sports resources are somewhat wasted.
日期格式：
英式日期格式：22nd，July， 或 22，july，2009 格式为：日，月，年
美式日期格式：july 22nd，2009 或 july 22，2009 格式为：月 日，年
中文日期格式：7月22日
日，月，年是这样的格式 1st， Jan.， 2009(要两个逗号了)，或者 01-01-2009(01/01/2009)
月，日，年是这样的格式 Jan. 1st， 2009 1st， Jan.， 2009 和 Jan. 1st， 2009 读法也不同：
找到考试教室后，在门外排排站，等着时候可以去上厕所，释放内存，保持体力。等到教室里的老师粗来啦，就过安检。从这个安检的老师开始就开始全部说英文啦!说英文啦!说英文啦!门口会有一个凳子，放妮的准考证和水呀卫生纸呀…过安检身上只允许带身份证，别的啥也不样带。考试过程中要拿纸擤鼻涕找老师要，不客气的啦。安检完就一个一个进教室，在讲台的小桌桌上再次核对妮的身份信息看身份证，老师拿走妮滴身份证，然后妮签字(签中文)确认，老师会告诉妮的座位(比如A1、B2、C3…)，就thank 老师坐在自己的位置上，桌上会有印有自己信息的小纸片、考试铅笔和橡皮(不好闻也不好用)还有可爱滴小耳机(耳机不同于四六级耳机，开关在头顶，耳朵那里有调音量的，不用自己调频哒，而且耳机听的很清楚，没有杂音，赞一个)。黑板上贴有告诉妮怎样写自己的名字，考号、年月日A类、G类还有性别(虽然不明白为什么还要管性别)，看看就行啦，考试中老师还会在仔细讲的，他说一个妮写一个。在其他同学没有核对完信息没有坐下来前，妮就一直在教室坐着，这个期间一定要保存体力呀，我是早上7:30进考场，8:30才坐在教室里，再等半小时开始考试。
9点差一丢丢时会放录音，检查耳机是否听的见。检查好后就考试哒，不样上厕所，写作开始了才能上，但是没有人去，去了妮就写不完卷子啦。开始发答题卡，慢慢的慢慢的。我在的考场25人一教室，就一老师，要先用英文念注意事项，再慢慢拆袋子，慢慢拿答题卡，汗。老师一张一张的发答题卡，烤鸭们就盯着他一个一个发。发啦听力答题卡，老师告诉妮怎样填自己信息，听好啦，他说一个写一个，不着急，反正他没发卷子。都填好自己的信息后，他在一个一个发卷子，这时不可以打开卷子，只能看卷子封面的注意事项。这一点很公平哒，喜欢。每个人拿到听力卷子后，听老师指挥，在封面上角写自己的名字和考号。他看个时间，叫我们带上耳机，耳机叫妮打开卷子就正式开始听力考试啦吼吼吼!听力听完不要取下耳机，录音放完有10min的誊写时间，时间到啦耳机里面的娃会告诉妮，这时再取下耳机。
As shown in the first chart, oil was the world’s main energy source, accounting for 37% of the energy consumption in 2005.Followed by coal and natural gas, constituting 28% and 23% respectively.By comparison, the proportion of nuclear power was small, 6%, equating that of hydro-electricity.Saudi Arabia accounts for the largest proportion of the world’s oil reserves, 20%, well ahead of Canada, the country with the second biggest reserve, 14%.Behind Canada are four Middle East countries, namely Iran(10%), Iraq(9%), Kuwait(8%)and United Arab(8%).By contrast, the reserves of Venezuela, Russia and the united states are relatively small, making up 6%, 5% and 2@ respectively.The remaining 18% is found in other countries.Pic
The three pie charts show how university students in three countries spent their money in the year 2003.In general, students in countries A spent slightly more than those in country B(US$5,000 and US$4,500 respectively).In comparison, student expenditure in country C was considerably lower, at only US$1,500 per year.Accommodation and food were the two biggest items of expenditure.Altogether they constituted around 60% of the total students’ expenditure in all the three countries.The difference is that in country A and B accommodation spending exceeded food spending while the reverse was true for country C.The rest of the students’ spending was divided among leisure, books and others.Leisure spending constituted a larger percentage(around 20%)of student expenditure in both country A and B, while in country C more money was spent on books(12%)than on leisure(12%).Overall, as wealth decreased, the percentage of students’ spending on non-essential items reduced.柱状图Bar
Pic
This bar chart shows the changes in the amount of oil discovered worldwide every 5 years from 1950 to 2005 and the predicted figures from 2010 to 2020.In 1950, the world oil discovery stood at 20 billion barrels a year, which grew dramatically over the next 15 years to reach a peak at approximately 56 billion barrels in 1965.However, from this year onwards, the growth of oil discovery was suddenly replaced by a sharply downward trend, with some ups and downs, to approximately 6 billion barrels a year in 2005, about 1/10of its peak amount in 1965.It is predicted that 7 billion barrels of oil will be discovered worldwide in the year 2010, and this figure is forecast to decline steadily to an all-time low of only 3 billion barrels in 2020.In conclusion, this chart shows that world oil discovery peaked in the 1960s but has been declining for over 40 years, and this trend is expected to continue into the near future.The bar chat shows information about the areas of land damaged by human activities in four major continents of the world.The area of land damaged in Africa and Asia are similar, totalling approximately 1,200 million hectares for each, while in Australia and Europe the numbers are considerably lower, averaging between 300and 400 million.Looking at the causes behind land damages, it can be seen that in African, Europe and especially Australia, breeding is the leading cause of land loss, damaging approximately 500, 100 and 400 million hectares of land respectively.Next comes tree-cutting which takes away slightly larger areas of land than farming in all the three regions.Asia shows a slightly different picture, where tree-cutting activities have led to the largest amount of land loss(450 million hectares).Breeding and farming account for the remaining damage(380 and 420 million hectares respectively).Overall, breeding causes the most pervasive damage to land around the world.折线图 line
Overall, the world population rose sharply from less than 500 million in the 1400s to 6 billion in 2000, a growth of 12 times over 600 years.The increase was more dramatic after 1800 and only in the 1700s was there an obvious decline(1.2 billion to 0.9 billion).The ozone hole was at its smallest size of about 400 thousand square km in 1980, but 20 years later, it was enlarged by 9 times to 3.6 million square km.The only period when there was a reduction in size was in the early 1990s(from 2 to 1.2 million square km).流程图diagram
The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of south America, Africa and Indonesia.The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.Firstly when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry.They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry.After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed.This part is not needed for making chocolate.Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.(pic)
The chart describes how water is obtained outdoors.According to the figure, the first step of obtaining water outdoors is to find a hole with green plants on its bottom.Next, remove the green plants in the middle and put a container there.Then, cover the hole with a plastic sheet and place two stones on both ends of it to secure its position.A third stone is laid on the middle of the plastic sheet so that the middle part is also the lowest part.When the sun shines on the green plants in the hole, water evaporates from these plants.The vapour rises up and then cools down to form water drops on the plastic sheet.When there is more and more water, it flows along the sheet to accumulate on the lowest part.Finally, water falls down into the container directly under the middle stone.Thus, water is collected successfully through evaporation from green plants.Pic
In cool climate special attention is given to the use of building materials that have a high thermal mass.Insulation is used on the outside of heavy materials such as concrete, brick or adobe.This kind of material stores heat and slowly releases it while external insulation ensures that all heat absorbed by wall materials is released inside the building.Careful positioning of the building and large windows facing winter sunlight also assist to passively heat the house.The roof has an extreme angle to assist with snow runoff and roof overhang does not interfere with sunlight.Homes in warm climate require the opposite approach.Insulation and reflective roof material aim to keep heat from the sun out.Windows are placed under a wider roof overhang so that they are shaded form direct light in the day and so that cooler night air can move through the house when the windows are open.Map地图
(pic)
The three diagrams illustrate what the village of Kelsbey looked like in 1780, 1860, and 2000.In 1780, Kelsbey had only 100 homes, but it had a large expense of woods in the eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the middle.In the west there was a river running from north to south.The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes but the size of farmland and woods was reduced by half.In the same year, a bridge could be seen over the river and a road was constructed linking the river to the residences.140 years later, the number of homes more than doubled to 500, but farms and woods completely disappeared.Several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the village, which were connected with the residential area in the north by a newly-built road.Some shops opened up along the river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.大作文
Body paragraph A
It is first important to realise that art is the key part of cultural legacy;therefore, it is meaningful to conserve the art for the cultural diversity.For example, painting in different culture has a range of styles, genres, tools and materials.If we did not protect it, a form of art would be disappeared.Besides, some work of art such as graffiti, spark people’s imaginations and provide them a novel perspective to view the world.The arts can develop a culture which people pursue art as a hobby.Furthermore, arts also improved the environment attractive, which is reflected in architecture and gardening design.Body paragraph B
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