厦门大学英语口译资格证书考试（精选10篇）
厦门大学英语口译资格证书（English Interpreting Certificate, EIC）考试是厦门大学口笔译资格证书考试中心面向高校和社会的一种英语口译员资格认证考试。厦门大学为考试合格者颁发资格证书，并向用人单位推荐。证书持有者的相关资料将存入厦门市企业经营管理人才评价推荐中心人才库。获得厦门大学英语口译资格证书者不仅证明了自身的口译能力，而且增强了求职就业的竞争力。
厦门大学英语口译资格证书考试设四个级别，每年春、秋季各举行一次。考生不受年龄和学历的限制。
目录• 考试级别 • 考试内容 • 考试费用 • 指定教材
考试级别回目录
EIC Ⅰ
具有基本的英语语言能力（相当于大学英语四级水平）；基本了解交替传译技能。为一般性的交谈提供口译和接待服务，工作场合如宾馆、餐饮、旅游、社区等。
EIC Ⅱ
具有较好的英语语言能力（相当于大学英语六级或英语专业四级水平）；基本掌握交替传译的职业技能。为非专业性的广泛话题和会议提供交替传译服务。
EIC Ⅲ
具有良好的英汉双语语言能力（相当于英语专业八级水平）；较好地掌握了交替传译的职业技能。为专业性较强的谈话和大、中型会议，如商务谈判、研讨会、博览会等，提供交替传译服务。
EIC Ⅳ
具有很高的英汉双语语言能力（相当于英语专业硕士研究生水平）；很好地掌握了交替传译和同声传译的职业技能。为大型国际会议、外交事务、商务谈判、法庭听证会和其他高级别会议等提供交替传译和同声传译服务。考试内容回目录
EIC Ⅰ
单句翻译（汉译英、英译汉）、短对话翻译
1）一般性话题，如生活接待、旅游购物、宾馆、餐饮服务等；
2）逐句翻译。
考试时间约30分钟
EIC Ⅱ
对话类翻译
1）常识性的话题；
2）总长度约1000－1300个字（词），每50－130个字（词）停顿一次；
考试时间约30分钟
EIC Ⅲ
交替传译（汉译英）、交替传译（英译汉）
1）专业性较强的话题，如招商引资、环境保护、文化交流、公益事业及其他时事热点话题；
2）单篇讲话长度约800个字（词），每100－200个字（词）停顿一次。
考试时间约45分钟
EIC Ⅳ
交替传译（汉译英）、交替传译（英译汉）、同声传译（汉译英）、同声传译（英译汉）
1）专业性较强的话题，具有一定难度和深度；
2）交替传译单篇讲话长度1000－1200个字（词），每200－300个字（词）停顿一次；
3）同声传译单篇讲话长度10－15分钟。
考试时间约60分钟
考试费用回目录
EIC Ⅰ160元，EIC Ⅱ200元，EIC Ⅲ300元，EIC Ⅳ500元
指定教材回目录
英语口译资格证书考试系列丛书：
《英语口译资格证书考试1-4级模拟试题集锦》（配磁带）《英语口译资格证书考试培训教程》（配磁带）
1对新四级考试听力样题分析
全国大学英语四、六级考试网站日前发布消息, 称为进一步提高听力测试的效度, 2016年6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题做局部调整:其中, 学生长期适应了的考试题型短对话和短文听写题型将退出历史舞台, 取而代之的是新闻听力和学术讲座。其中四级听力考试的变化为:取消短对话、短文听写、新增短篇新闻 (3段) 。从官网提供的样题中, 我们可以发现如下变化。
1) 听力内容的改变, 从以前的生活交际类短对话, 变成了学生不甚熟悉的新闻听力。从样题看, 内容讲的是索马里叛军制造的恐怖袭击事件。这样的内容远离实际生活, 也不是平时学生关心的新闻类型。对听力内容的完全陌生, 增加了听力理解的难度。
2) 难度的增加。第一, 大量专有名词的出现, 如Kenyan肯尼亚Ugandan乌干达等。第二, 新闻英语常用的词汇, 独特的句子结构及行文风格的出现。这类词汇及表达形式在现行的大学英语课本中不曾出现或者意思差异较大, 在学生生活中亦很少使用。他们在听力考试中的出现, 会使学生在考试中更加紧张, 极大降低正确率。第三, 新闻长度比原来的短对话有所增加, 而题目中仍然有对新闻整体内容把握的提问, 这意味着对学生的逻辑分析能力和短期记忆的能力的要求大大提高。第四, 从样题看, 题目来源于BBC等媒体, 如果听力考试中使用原音播放, 那么新闻播音的语速要比之前四级考试所用的语速更快, 从而增加了学生理解的难度。
3) 听力分值的增加。听力总分占卷面35%的比率虽然没有变, 但是听力篇章分值由原来的10%增加到了20%。由于篇章听力在之前的考试中本就是学生的难点, 分值的增加将会降低学生听力部分的得分率。
2对造成学生听力得分率低的原因分析
在以往的四级考试中, 学生听力部分普遍得分较低, 主要有以下原因。 (1) 学生平时的学习中更加注重读写的学习和练习, 而听说本来就练习相对较少, 是弱项。 (2) 在听时, 容易专注于单词, 听得懂的单词和听不懂的单词成为听力中的核心。在某些听力句子中, 学生往往根据自己听懂了单词选择答案, 在某些时候, 则会因为一个自己听不懂的单词而忽略了整个句子的意思, 从而错过正确答案。学生对单词的关注, 忽略了文章的整体逻辑结构和内容, 在单个听力原文加长的情况下, 学生则会更加不知所云。 (3) 因为听力信息含量的增加, 一些学生虽然能够提炼出部分有效信息, 但是却很难及时地处理分析接下来听到的大量其他信息, 或者对整篇听力短文进行全面的把握和准确的记忆。
整体说来, 学生在四级考试听力时所面临的问题为:
1) 不能及时地将所听内容解码, 理解所听内容。
2) 无法把握句子, 文章整体内容, 只听单词, 不注意整体内容, 更加缺乏对逻辑关系和结构的把握。
3) 短期记忆很差。
3口译训练法及其对四级听力考试的启示
如上分析, 如果单就以“单词理解—听力录音——对答案”这样的简单方式进行听力训练, 不仅起不到提高学生听力水平的作用, 反而会因为重复的错误降低学生学习的信心。而在口译训练过程中, 其中的某些训练方法则能针对学生的问题进行相关练习, 起到提高学习成绩和信心的效果。广东外语外贸大学的仲伟合教授于2001年提出了详细的口译技能的训练内容和方法, 其中包括连续传译技能 (13项) 和同声传译技能 (19项) 。针对大学非英语专业同学面临的听力难题, 笔者认为适用的训练方法有以下几种。
1) 口译短期记忆训练:通过单语复述练习, 单语延迟复述练习等方法, 训练译员的短期记忆能力, 并且要求译员能准确理解说话者的讲话内容。面对大学非英语专业同学的短期记忆训练应当从单个简单句子的复述开始, 进而扩展到长句的复述, 到段落的复述练习。
2) 影子练习:一边听录音, 一边用原语英语跟读复述。要求跟读者紧接讲话者后面, 迟2~3秒将所听到的内容完全重复出来。声音如影随形, 因此被称为“影子跟读”。影子跟读要求要跟上被学者的速度和内容, 保证语音语调尽可能地同步。影子跟读练习作为同声传译技能训练之一被广泛采用, 训练的目的是培养译员的注意力分配和“边听边说”的同声传译技能。因此此项训练方法能训练学生保持高度集中的注意力, 合理分配精力, 同时帮助学生增强短期记忆能力。该方法能培养一心多用, 边听、边记、边说的能力, 同时也是提高记忆、语速、理解速度、改进语音语调的好方法。
3) 口译笔记练习:在教授学生使用约定俗成的笔记符号的同时, 建立起自己的一套笔记符号, 在听较长的一段内容时能用简单的文字或符号记录下重要信息。在做笔记的同时要能够根据自己所做笔记内容基本复述出所听的关键内容。笔记训练中要包括的是:提取关键词, 提取句子结构、笔记阅读等方法的训练。其中, 在训练提取关键词和句子结构过程中, 要求学生对所听内容进行理解和逻辑分析, 在原语输入和信息剥离两个方面能做到精力合理分配, 完成解码同时记录的过程。
4结语
在新四级听力内容调整, 难度加大的情况下, 通过文中讨论的三种口译的基本训练方法, 加上合理的安排、科学的操练, 相信能使学生不仅仅接收到字、词、句子, 更关键的是能够通过对信息的分析剥离出说话者的含义, 理解句子之间的逻辑关系, 从整体上把握文章结构, 提高短时记忆从而达到提高听力成绩的目的。
参考文献
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[2]梅德明.高级口译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2001.
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关键词： 商务英语口译课程 口译职业资格证书 对接研究
1.引言
在全球化日益加深的今天，中国的发展离不开世界，世界的繁荣也离不开中国。为了实现中华民族的伟大复兴和促进全体人类的共同繁荣，必须加大中外交流的力度。马克思主义认为：社会存在决定社会意识，语言是人类社会的产物。在涉外商务和文化交流过程中，口译为操不同语言的人们之间架起一座相互沟通的桥梁。随着我国“全方位、多层次、宽领域”对外开放格局的初步形成，我国与世界各国的经贸往来和文化交流日益频繁，对口译人员的需求量随之不断增加，大大地推动口译的职业化进程。鉴于此，国内许多高职院校积极开设商务英语口译课程，大力培养口译实用人才。国内众多学者从口译职业化角度，对口译活动规律及口译课程的教学改革进行了深入的研究。汪小祥、肖桂兰[1]等对商务英语口译的课程目标、课程内容、教学方法等方面进行了探讨。汪小祥、曹兰[2]总结了教学中的口译笔记训练方法。葛衍珍、赵云霞[3]对口译职业道德意识的必要性和措施进行了分析。刘建珠[5]论述了口译职业资格认证的基本原则。苏伟[4]对以过程为导向的口译职业能力体系的制定进行了研究。刘和平[6]指出了语言教学法中的翻译法和职业翻译教学的差异。刘和平[7]指出口译培训应该与各学校的专业特色相结合。从上分析中可以看出，虽然口译职业化得到了深入的研究，但尚未见有关商务英语口译课程与口译职业资格证书对接之研究，本课题希冀弥补这一空白。
2.口译岗位资格证书考试
口译职业资格证书是衡量一个人能否胜任口译职业的重要标尺之一。在众多的翻译证书中，上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书及全国外语翻译证书考试英语翻译证书（四级）在长三角企业中认可度较高。上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书是经上海紧缺人才培训工程联席会议办公室审核并确认的紧缺人才岗位资格培训项目之一。该证书考试能够“为国家机关、企事业、外资机构、涉外单位等考核与遴选一批能胜任各类涉外项目谈判、高层次会晤、新闻发布会、记者招待会以及国际研讨会的翻译人才。凡获得上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书者均具有良好的口语水平和基本口译技能，可从事一般话题的口译工作”[8]。“全国外语翻译证书考试是由教育部考试中心和北京外国语大学合作举办，专门对广大翻译从业人员和大专院校在校生的外语实际翻译能力进行评价，并向应试者提供翻译资格的权威认证”[9]。
3.课程与职业资格证书对接措施
3.1教学情境
《上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书考试大纲》指出，汉译英部分材料主要与我国国情、经济发展、文化背景及风土人情有关。口译部分的选材主要包括对话、致辞、讲话、讲座等。《英语翻译四级笔译》共15单元，涉及的领域包括文化与教育、旅游与餐饮、娱乐与体育、交通与物流、营销与品牌、商务合同、人力资源、金融服务、会展、房地产与汽车、科学创新及社会责任[10]。《英语翻译四级口译》涉及的领域包括长江三角洲、改革开放、区域合作、上海世博会、广交会、国际教育博览会等[11]。以上两本全国外语翻译证书考试指定教材大部分内容与商务职场有关，根据商务活动的先后顺序创设5大教学情境，即国际会展、商务交际、商务演讲、商务谈判、商务旅行，涵盖18个子情境，具体包括企业介绍、商品宣传、商务邀请、商务接待、商务聚会、商务政策、文化交流、投资环境、建立商务关系、报盘还盘、订货业务、包装业务、物流业务、贸易方式、保险事宜、商务合同、日程安排、景点介绍。这些教学情境的创设符合真实商务活动的一般流程。
3.2教学设计
上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书考试分为笔试和口试两个阶段考试，笔试项目包括听力、阅读、翻译（英译汉）、翻译（汉译英）四个部分，口试项目包括口语和口译两个部分。全国外语翻译证书考试英语翻译证书（四级）考试分为笔译和口译两个部分，前者包括单句翻译和短文翻译，后者包括英汉对话互译、英汉段落互译。从以上分析可以看出，句子、对话和段落为翻译考核的主要形式。因此，在单元教学设计上，可以遵循“短语—句子—对话—段落”口译训练顺序。这一顺序，由浅入深、由易到难，符合学生的认知规律，有效地实现学生口译技能从初级—中级—中高级—高级的“四进阶”。此外，还要对商务英语口译课程现有的整体设计进行修订，凸显商务英语口译课程与口译职业资格证书之无缝对接。整体设计主要包括以下几个方面：设计的基本原则、学习情境创设、课程目标、课程内容、能力训练项目等。
3.3教学方法与考核方式
根据《上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书考试大纲》，听译包括单句和段落两个部分，单句和段落分别朗读一遍；口译部分采取段落或对话翻译。《全国外语翻译证书考试英语翻译证书（四级）的考试大纲》指出，笔译包括单句和短文翻译两部分，口译包括对话、段落翻译。针对考试大纲的上述要求，教师在教学过程中应该采取合理的口译教学方法，如：听译、速记、角色扮演等。上课前，每位学生准备一本练习本，用于口译笔记。老师播放录音，学生进行速记，然后根据所做的笔记进行口头翻译。在进行对话翻译的时候，学生每人一组，其中一人担任译员，其他两人表演对话。译员不看对话材料，运用速记技巧进行口译。当译员进行口译时，表演对话的两位同学认真聆听，同时记录口译中的不足之处。他们在译员遇到困难时提供帮助，训练结束时对译员的口译进行点评。为了切实增强学生的翻译技能，强化课堂教学效果，必须将过程性评价与终结性评价相结合。过程性考核主要考查学生的出勤率、课堂活动参与度等。只有这样，学生才能在课堂上积极思考、踊跃发言，充当口译训练的主动参与者，而不是被动的观众。在课程的第一节课上告知学生考核方式，有利于帮助学生端正学习态度、学好口译课。
4.结语
在高校课堂里，口译是一门课程；在社会环境中，口译是一种职业，一种社交活动。如何做到商务英语口译课程与口译职业资格证书之有效对接是值得口译教师研究的一项课题。听、说、读、写、译是外语学习不可分割的五个方面，在提高学生口译能力的同时，不能忽视其他方面。本文针对上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书及全国外语翻译证书考试英语翻译证书（四级）考试大纲中对学生听力、阅读、口语、口译和笔译等方面的考核要求，对商务英语口译课程的教学情境、教学设计、教学方法、考核手段等方面提出了一些粗浅的看法，期待与广大同仁一道在今后的工作中进一步研究。
参考文献：
[1]汪小祥，肖桂兰，邢娣凤.高职《商务英语口译》课程教学改革研究与实践[J].宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版），2012（5）：247-251.
[2]汪小祥，曹兰.论口译笔记的训练方法[J].常州信息职业技术学院学报，2013（2）：55-57.
[3]葛衍珍.赵云霞口译职业道德及如何提高准译员的职业道德意识[J].科教导刊，2010（10）：239-240.
[4]刘建珠.论口译职业资格认证的四个“性”[J].深圳职业技术学院学报，2013（6）：43-46.
[5]苏伟.以过程为导向的口译职业能力评估研究[J].上海翻译，2011（3）：47-51.
[6]刘和平.口译教学探讨[J].国际关系学院学报，1994（3）：39-41.
[7]刘和平.谈口译研究与专业口译培训[J].中国翻译，2007（1）：23-25.
[8]上海市外语口译岗位资格证书考试委员会.上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书考试大纲[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2008.
[9]教育部考试中心.全国外语翻译证书考试英语翻译证书（四级）的考试大纲[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2008.
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[11]徐宪光，王立弟.英语翻译四级口译[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2008.
Passage 1 :
Can man be credited with choosing the right path when he knows only one?Can he be congratulated for his wise decision when only one judgment is possible? If he knows nothing of vice, is he to be praised for adhering to virtue?
Wisdom consists of the deliberate exercise of judgment; knowledge comes in the discrimination between those known alternatives. Weighing these alternatives is the way of maturity. Only then does man have the strength to follow his choice without wavering, since that choice is based firmly on knowledge rather than on an uncertain, dangerously shallow foundation of ignorance.
Passage 2 :
For many years the United States and other nations used gold and silver money. Paper money was used to stand for the holding of both silver and gold. The value of silver was limited to that of gold. Fifteen ounces of silver had the same value of one ounce of gold. These values didn’t change until after 1860 when mines in the west of the United States began to produce large amounts of silver. This extra amount of silver caused its price to fall. No longer would fifteen ounces of silver buy one ounce of gold. In 1871, Germany declared that it would no longer support its paper money with silver. Instead, it would use only gold. Other countries of Europe quickly did the same.
Part B: Translate the following passages from Chinese into English ( two passages, each 25 points )
Passage 1 :
西湖位于福州市区西北的卧龙山下，最初开挖于晋代。原用于排涝灌溉。五代时，闽王在湖滨建造御花园，号称“水晶宫”。19开始辟为公园，园区也随之扩大，面积比原来增加五倍以上。如今的西湖公园，以湖心开化屿为中心，有飞虹桥、步云桥、玉带桥等，与几个湖屿相连接，构成整体。
Passage 2 : 中华考试网
知识创新
博客
security announcement
安全公告
commercial
商业的
sketch
素描
mass media
大众传媒
wall painting
壁画
news agency
通讯社
Web page
网页
news press
新闻发布会
website
网站
高频句型：
1. 电子出版物能高速提供巨大的信息流，所以现代人对其十分满意。
Electronic publication provides such a huge flow of information at rapid speeds, much to the satisfaction of modern man.
2. 因特网给图书馆带来了革命性的变化。使用一台联网的个人电脑，你就可以浏览数据、书籍、杂志和目录。
Internet has brought revolutionary changes to libraries. One can browse data, books, magazines and catalogs by using PC connected to the network.
命题发言：
一、总论
全国翻译专业(水平)考试英语三级考试设口译综合能力测试和口译实务测试。
(一)考试目的
检验测试应试者的口译实践能力是否达到准专业译员水平。
(二)考试基本要求
1．掌握5000个以上英语。
2。初步了解中国和英语国家的文化背景知识。
3。胜任一般场合的交替传译。
二、口译综合能力
(一)考试目的
检验应试者的听力理解及信息处理的基本能力。
(二)考试基本要求
1．掌握本大纲要求的英语词汇。
2．具备一般场合所需要的英语听力、理解和表达能力。
三、口译实务
(一)考试目的
检验应试者的听力理解、记忆、信息处理及语言表达能力。
(二)考试基本要求
1．发音正确，吐字清晰。
2。语流顺畅，语速适中。
3。能够运用口译技巧，传递原话信息，无明显错译、漏译。
4．无明显语法错误。
英语口译三级考试模块设置一览表
《口译综合能力》
总书记 general secretary
总工程师 chief engineer
总会计师 chief accountant
总建筑师 chief architect
总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor
总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier
总裁判 chief referee
总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head
总代理 general agent
总教练 head coach
总导演 head director
总干事 secretary-general;commissioner
总指挥 commander-in-chief; generalissimo
总领事 consul-general
总监 chief inspector; inspector-general;chief impresario
Gender equality and women’s development is a lasting theme of mankind’s pursuit of equality and justice, a scale for measuring social progress and an important goal in realizing sustainable development in our world.
中国妇女占世界妇女人口的五分之一。中国性别平等与妇女发展既体现了中国的文明进步，也是对全球平等、发展与和平的历史贡献。
Chinese women make up one fifth of the world’s total female population. Gender equality and women’s development in China not only give expression to China’s own progress, but also constitute a historical contribution made to global equality, development and peace.
过去，伴随着经济社会的快速发展，中国性别平等与妇女发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。
It is obvious to all that, in tandem with rapid economic and social development, great progress has been achieved in the promotion of gender equality and women’s development in China over the past two decades.
【In tandem with 】
In tandem with open markets and open trade, the United States led in the promotion of democracy.
美国同时引领了推动民主的努力，与开放市场和开放贸易齐头并进。
同时，中国也清醒认识到，作为世界上人口最多的发展中大国，受经济社会发展水平和历史文化等因素影响，中国的妇女发展还面临诸多新情况新问题，推进性别平等的任务仍然繁重而艰巨。
At the same time, China is highly aware that, as a developing country with the world’s largest population, and restricted by its limited level of economic and social development, it will continue tobe confronted with new situations and problems in its efforts to promote women’s development. There is still a long way to go to achieve gender equality in China, and arduous tasks remain to be tackled.
中国积极促进教育公平，调整教育结构，坚持贯彻性别平等原则，努力保障男女平等接受教育的权利和机会。
China actively promotes equality in education, adjusting the structure of education, adhering to the principle of gender equality, and working hard to guarantee equal rights and opportunities for both men and women to access education.
第六次全国人口普查显示，6岁以上人口中女性平均受教育年限达到8.4年，比前提高了1.3年，与男性的差距比10年前缩小0.2年。
The Sixth National Census showed that the average years of schooling for women over the age of six were 8.4 years in , 1.3 years more than in , and the gender gap had narrowed by 0.2 year as compared with 2000.
中国已基本形成以妇幼保健机构为核心，以基层医疗卫生机构为基础，以大中型医疗机构和相关科研教学机构为技术支撑，覆盖城乡的妇幼保健服务网络。
A network of maternal and child health services covering both urban and rural areas has taken shape in China, with maternity and child care institutions as the core, community-level health care institutionsas the foundation, and large or medium-sized medical institutions and relevant research and teaching institutions as the support.
妇女在社会文化培育、生态环境保护和家庭建设中的独特作用日益凸显。
Women are playing an increasingly prominent unique role in the fostering of social culture, protection of the ecological environment and family management.
在协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的历史进程中，中国将继续贯彻男女平等基本国策，不断健全经济、法律、行政和舆论等政策措施，依法有效保障妇女合法权益，推动性别平等与妇女发展事业取得更大成就。
In its efforts to advance the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, China will continue implementing the basic national policy of equality between men and women, constantly improve policies and measures in the fields of economy, law, administration and public opinion, safeguard women’s rights and interests in accordance with the law, and work to achieve greater success in the cause of gender equality and women’s development.
中国愿与其他国家一道，大力支持社会各界在促进性别平等与妇女发展中发挥积极作用，深化和拓展国际交流与合作，为全球平等、发展与和平作出新的贡献。
China is willing to work with other countries to encourage all social sectors to contribute to the promotion of gender equality and women’s development, to strengthen and expand international exchanges and cooperation, and to contribute further to promoting worldwide equality, development and peace.
中国积极履行性别平等与妇女发展的国际公约和文书，广泛开展妇女领域多边、双边的交流合作，加强与各国妇女组织的友好交往，注重对发展中国家妇女提供技术培训和物资援助，在推动全球性别平等与妇女发展中发挥了重要作用。
China actively implements international conventions and documentsconcerning gender equality and women’s development, takes part in international bilateral and multilateral women’s exchanges and cooperation, strengthens friendly exchanges with women organizations all over the world, and focuses on providing technical training and material assistance to women in developing countries,thus playing an important role in promoting gender equality and women’s development around the globe.
生态文明是人类文明发展到一定阶段的产物，是反映人与自然和谐程度的新型文明形态，体现了人类文明发展理念的重大进步。
An ecological civilization emerges when human society reaches a certain stage of development. As a new mode of civilization that reflects a level of harmony betweenhumans and nature, ecological civilization represents a major conceptual advance for the development of human civilization.
建设生态文明，不是要放弃工业文明，回到原始的生产生活方式，而是要以资源环境承载能力为基础，以自然规律为准则，以可持续发展、人与自然和谐为目标，建设生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明社会。
Building an ecological civilization does not mean that we must abandon industrial civilization and return to a primitive way of living. Rather, it means building a civilized society with developed production, affluent standards of living, and sound ecological environments in accordance with the goals of realizing sustainable development and achieving a state of balance between humans and nature. Therefore, this is a society in which human activities are based on the carrying capacity of resources and the environment, and in which human development is governed by the objective laws of nature.
推进生态文明建设是坚持以人为本的基本要求。坚持以人为本，首先要保障好人民群众的身心健康。
Promoting ecological progress is a basic requirement of putting people first. In maintaining a commitment to putting people first, the first thing we must do is to guarantee the mental and physical wellbeing of the people.
人民群众过去“求温饱”，现在“盼环保”，希望生活的环境优美宜居，能喝上干净的水、呼吸上清新的空气、吃上安全放心的食品。
In the past, the public were concerned with having adequate shelter, warm clothes, and enough to eat; now, they have a greater demand for environmental protection. Specifically, they long for agreeable living environments, clean water, fresh air, and safe food that they can trust.
民之所望，施政所向。
The job of the government is to orient its policies towards the wishes of the people.
我们必须下大气力解决突出的环境问题，不断改善人民群众生产生活条件，以实际效果取信于民。
Therefore, we must devote major efforts to resolving prominent environmental issues,work constantly to improve the working and living conditions of the people, and continue towin the people’s trust by delivering solid results in our environmental initiatives.
我国是海洋大国，保护海洋、经略海洋不仅涉及我国发展空间，也涉及国家战略安全。
China is a major maritime nation. For this reason, the protection and management of ocean environments has a bearing not only on China’s development, but also on its national security.
当前，大气、水和土壤等突出的污染问题已经到了不治不行、刻不容缓的地步，必须重点突出、重拳出击、重典治污、力求实效。
We have come to the stage where urgent action must be taken without delay to address the serious problems of air, water, and soil pollution in China. In responding to these problems, we need to identify clear priorities, adopt striking measures, lay an emphasis onthe rectification of pollution, and strive to attain solid results.
我国不仅存在资源型缺水、工程型缺水，而且污染型缺水也较严重。
China’s water shortages are not only a result of insufficient resources and inadequate water conservancy facilities, but are also due to the effects of pollution.
生态文明建设需要全社会共同努力，良好的生态环境也为全社会所共享。
1. 翘尾因素 the carry-over effects
2. 把钱花在刀刃上 spend our money where it counts the most
3. 宏观审慎管理制度 a system of prudent macro management
4. 项目续建和收尾 carrying on and completing projects
5. “半拉子”工程 projects that are stopped midway
6. 战略性新兴产业 emerging industries of strategic importance
7. 物联网 the Internet of Things
8. 节能产品惠民工程 the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people
9. 新建、改建、扩建燃煤机组 newly built, renovated or expanded coal-fired power generating unit
10. 农业面源污染 pollution from non-point agricultural sources
11. 余热余压发电和生活垃圾资源化利用 use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources
12. 主体功能区 priority zones
13. 森林碳汇 forest carbon sinks
14. 强农惠农政策 policies to aid agriculture and benefit farmers
15. 早籼稻、中晚籼稻、粳稻 early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice
16. 产粮大县、养猪大县、养牛大县 major grain-producing, pork-producing, and cattle farming counties
17. 土地出让收益 proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights
18. 土地承包经营权流转 the transfer of contracted land use rights
19. 国有林场/集体林权 tenure in collective forests
20. 城镇综合承载能力 the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns
模块二：
1. 城市对农村的辐射带动作用 cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas
2. 科教兴国战略和人才强国战略 the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development
3. 以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系 a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated
4. 退伍转业军人 demobilized military personnel
5. 初次分配和再分配 the primary and secondary distribution of income
6. 工资总额和工资水平total payroll and wage scales
7. 灰色收入 off-the-books income
8. 自住性住房消费 the purchase of homes to be used as their owners’residences
9. 圈地不建、捂盘惜售、哄抬房价 keep land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging
10. 慢性病、职业病、地方病 chronic, occupational, and endemic diseases
11. 孕产妇和婴幼儿保健工作 quality health services for infants, pre-school children, and prenatal and nursing women
12. 西部地区少生快富工程 the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in the western region
13. 国有控股金融机构 corporate governance in financial institutions in which the state holds a controlling stake
14. 选举权、知情权、参与权 rights to vote and to stay informed about, participate in
15. 出口产品结构 the export mix
16. 机电产品 electromechanical products
17. 企业改制、征地拆迁、环境保护、劳动争议 a stockholding system, land expropriation, housing demolition and resident relocation, environmental protection, labor disputes
18. 执行力和公信力 executive ability and public trust
19. 行政问责 administrative accountability
Upholding Peace and Cooperation and Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
中华人民共和国副主席王岐山在第八届世界和平论坛开幕式上的致辞
Speech by H.E. Wang Qishan, Vice President of the People’s Republic of China at the Opening Ceremony of the Eighth World Peace Forum
清华大学，207月8日
Tsinghua University, 8 July 2019
各位嘉宾：
Distinguished Guests,
大家好!很高兴出席第八届世界和平论坛。
Good Morning! It is my great pleasure to attend the Eighth World Peace Forum.
当今世界正处于大发展大变革大调整之中，国际环境总体稳定，大国关系深入调整;经济全球化持续发展，保护主义抬头、民粹思潮泛滥;世界多极化加速推进，地缘博弈和地区动荡加剧;新科技新思潮不断涌现，人类生产生活方式深刻变化。有人回望百年，忧心二战结束以来的国际秩序正濒于崩溃，说人类再次走到了十字路口。
We meet at a time of major development, transformation and adjustment in the world. While the international environment remains generally stable, profound shifts are taking place in the relations between major countries. Continued advancement of economic globalization is accompanied by mounting protectionism and populist ideologies. Accelerated movement toward a multipolar world goes hand in hand with intensifying geopolitical rivalry and regional turbulence. The emergence of new technologies and new thinkings is profoundly changing the way people live and work. A review of the past century has led some to express fears that the post-war international order is teetering on the edge and that humanity has once again come to a crossroads.
从更长的历史中才能获得更远的预见。战争与和平、生存和发展始终贯穿人类历史。世界在几千年里总体分隔，不同民族、国家在各自的时空反复上演着征服与抗争、繁荣和衰落。500多年前，大航海时代开启了人类历史上第一轮全球化，也带来了西方地中海文明的殖民扩张。二战结束后建立的国际秩序，维持了全球总体和平稳定，但世界在几十年间仍处于阵营分割、集团对立的局面。冷战结束和新技术兴起为新一轮经济全球化创造了条件，跨国公司追求利益最大化、在全球进行资源配置，发达国家获益巨大，发展中国家和新兴经济体群体性崛起，各国利益深度融合，世界已经成为了“地球村”。
Under such circumstances, one must look further back into history to gain a longer-term perspective for the future. The history of mankind is all about war and peace, survival and development. For several thousand years, countries and nations developed largely in mutual isolation. They rose and fell though repeated conquest and resistance in their own time and space. More than 500 years ago, the Age of Discovery brought about the first round of globalization in human history and the colonial expansion of the western Mediterranean Civilization. The international order established after the end of Second World War contributed to peace and stability in the following decades, but the world remained largely divided into opposing camps and blocs. The end of the Cold War and the emergence of new technologies created conditions for a new round of economic globalization where multinationals allocated resources globally to maximize profits. While this process generated enormous benefits for the developed countries, it also led to the collective rise of the developing countries and emerging economies, and linked the interests of all countries ever closer, making the world a truly “global village”.
和平弥足珍贵，发展是人心所向，经济全球化是大势所趋。前进道路上会出现曲折，面对挑战，最大的恐惧是恐惧本身。我们要坚守和平发展的信念，毫不动摇地推进经济全球化，共同构建更加公正合理、稳定有效的国际秩序。
We live in an age where people cherish peace and yearn for development, and economic globalization represents the trend of our times. There will always be twists and turns on the road ahead, but the greatest fear is fear itself in the face of challenges. We must stay committed to peaceful development, unswervingly advance economic globalization and jointly build an international order that is more fair, equitable, stable and effective.
各位嘉宾，
Distinguished Guests,
5000多年中华文明延绵不断，中华民族历经苦难辉煌。我们秉持达己达人，崇尚和合包容，期盼和平大同。1840年后，中华民族陷入百年屈辱，无数志士仁人为争取民族独立和国家解放而前赴后继。新中国成立后，中国人民经过艰苦卓绝的努力，在一穷二白的基础上建立起独立的比较完整的工业体系和国民经济体系;艰辛探索寻觅，在建设发展、改革开放中确定了走中国特色社会主义道路。今天，中国人民生活实现了从温饱不足到全面小康的历史巨变，中华民族迎来了伟大复兴的光明前景。
The more than 5000 years of uninterrupted Chinese civilization saw great sufferings as well as glories of the Chinese nation. The Chinese people believe that one should help others to succeed while seeking one’s own success. They honor harmony, cooperation and inclusiveness and aspire to build a peaceful world for all. After 1840, the Chinese nation had been mired in a century of humiliation. Since then, numerous patriots had risen up and fought valiantly for national independence and liberation. With the founding of New China, the Chinese people, through their extraordinary efforts, established from scratch an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, and embarked on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics as they explored ways to promote development, reform and opening up. Today, the Chinese people have achieved the historic progress from struggling for subsistence to a moderately prosperous society in all respects, heralding bright prospects for the great renewal of the Chinese nation.
人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展也离不开中国。没有和平稳定的国际环境，发展就无从谈起。中国将坚持做好自己的事，以战略定力和自信应对外部环境的不确定性;坚定不移走和平发展道路，无论国际形势如何变化，无论自身如何发展，中国永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围。
People’s aspirations for a better life are what drive us forward. China cannot develop by shutting itself from the world, nor can the world develop by shutting out China. Without a peaceful and stable international environment, there will be no development to speak of. China will continue to run its own affairs well and maintain strategic focus and confidence in response to external uncertainties. Committed to the path of peaceful development, China will never seek hegemony, expansion or sphere of influence no matter how the international situation changes or how developed it may become.
中国的和平发展道路归结起来就是，通过维护世界和平发展自己，又通过自身发展维护世界和平;主要依靠改革创新实现发展，也坚持扩大开放，学习借鉴别国长处;顺应经济全球化潮流，寻求与各国互利共赢、共同发展;同国际社会一道努力，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。
Let me try to put it this way: China’s path of peaceful development is about developing China through promoting world peace while upholding world peace through China’s development. It is about pursuing development mainly through reform and innovation while staying committed to opening up to learn from others. It is about following the trend of economic globalization and promoting development for all through mutually beneficial cooperation. It is about working with the rest of the international community for an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity.
各位嘉宾，
Distinguished Guests,
继承和发展，以继承为主。现有国际体系并不完美，需要加以改革，但不能推倒重来，这是绝大多数国家的共识。着眼人类共同利益，中国主张推动构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体。
To achieve further development, we must build on past achievements. It is the consensus of the overwhelming majority of countries that while the existing international system is less than perfect and needs to be reformed, it would be ill-advised to cast it aside and start all over again. With the common interests of all humanity in mind, China has come up with the proposition to build a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind.
维护多边主义基石。要维护以联合国为核心的多边主义、恪守国际法和国际关系基本准则，彼此尊重主权独立和领土完整，国内事务由本国人民自己决定，国际事务由各国平等协商，使各国和各国人民都享有尊严和安全保障。大国要展现担当、作出表率，为维护世界和平稳定多做贡献。
We must consolidate multilateralism as a cornerstone. We must uphold multilateralism with the United Nations at its core, abide by international law and basic norms governing international relations, and respect each other’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. While the internal affairs of a country should be determined by its own people, global affairs need to be handled by all countries through consultations on an equal footing, so that all countries and peoples can enjoy dignity and security. In this regard, major countries need to set an example by demonstrating their sense of responsibility and contributing more to world peace and stability.
拓宽共同发展途径。发展是解决一切问题的总钥匙，要在政治、经济、社会、文化和生态文明全面发展中平衡好发展与安全的关系。要秉持共商共建共享理念，加强经济、金融、科技、能源等各领域对话合作，构建更高水平的开放型世界经济，以利益融合促进共同安全，反对以国家安全之名行保护主义之实。
We must explore more avenues to achieve development for all. Development is the master key to address all problems. We must strike a good balance between development and security in the process of advancing political, economic, social, cultural and ecological progress. We need to follow the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in strengthening dialogue and cooperation in economy, finance, science and technology, energy and other areas in a bid to build an open world economy of higher standards. This way, we will be better able to promote common security through greater convergence of interests while rejecting protectionism practiced in the name of national security.
促进文明互学互鉴。文明多元、道路多样是人类社会发展的必然，也是人类进步的源泉。不同政治体制、历史文化、宗教信仰之间应摒弃隔阂、排他、猜忌和仇视，不断加深了解、增进理解、培育互信、倡导宽容，从根源上防范各类极端思潮的滋生和蔓延。
We must promote mutual learning among civilizations. Diversity of civilizations and of development paths is both a natural result and a driving force of human progress. People from different political systems and with different historical, cultural and religious backgrounds need to reject estrangement, exclusion, suspicion and hostility, and promote greater mutual knowledge, mutual understanding, mutual trust and inclusiveness. This approach will be conducive to fundamentally forestalling the breeding and spreading of extremist ideologies.
携手应对人类共同新挑战。要寻求最大公约数，健全国际法体系和全球治理机制，让互联网、人工智能、外空、深海、极地等新课题成为国际合作新领域。要共担责任，落实应对气候变化国际共识，加强减贫减灾、公共卫生等领域国际合作，共同打击各类跨国犯罪和恐怖主义。
We must jointly respond to new challenges facing humanity. We must seek the largest possible common ground as we set out to improve the international legal system and global governance mechanisms, and extend international cooperation to new areas such as the Internet, artificial intelligence, outer space, deep sea and polar affairs. We must stand up to our shared responsibilities to implement the international consensus on climate change, strengthen international cooperation in poverty reduction, disaster relief and public health, and combat transnational crime and terrorism in all its forms.
各位嘉宾，
Distinguished Guests,
世界和平论坛成立八年来，影响日益扩大。本次论坛汇聚各方专家，就稳定国际秩序深入讨论，希望大家相互启迪，凝聚共识，为推动世界和平发展贡献智慧。
In its eight-year history, the World Peace Forum has gained growing influence. At this year’s Forum, experts from all over the world will have in-depth discussions on stabilizing the international order. I hope you will provide each other much food for thought, build consensus, and contribute your wisdom to world peace and development.
预祝论坛取得圆满成功!
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