高考英语语法填空题型总结

高考英语语法填空题型总结（共9篇）

高考英语语法填空题型总结 篇1

考词类型：

1.有给词----动词：非谓语动词：不定式，表目的 to do

-ed，被动

-ing，主动

谓语动词: 时态：看连词，前后句的时态。

一般过去时；一般现在时；现在完成时；过去完成时；

现在进行时

语态：被动

形容词和副词的比较级：直接加er或est;加 more；better；most；less；least 词性转换：动词-名词-形容词-副词

2.没给词：冠词：a;an；复数;注意大小写

介词：固定搭配:to;for;in;as;from;behind;under;without;on

代词-----人称代词：your；her;him;their;

物主代词：it、不定代词：other；another；some

连词----从属连词：who;where;that

并列连词:and；because;so;however;although;yet;since;otherwise;unless方法：

1.语感

2.看缺少哪些成分

3.看句子意思

4.固定搭配：play a role in;pay attention to

高考英语语法填空题型总结 篇2

研究语法填空题的题型特点, 我们发现, 与以前的单项选择题相比, 它虽然也考查词汇和基础语法知识, 但不同的是, 语法填空题不设选项, 只给出空缺, 要求学生根据语境和所学的语法与词汇知识来填空以完成全文, 这对学生掌握和运用英语知识的能力提出了更高的要求。另外, 语法填空更侧重考查英语语法知识在语篇中的交际功能。由于许多学生接触此题型时间不长, 因此做题时总觉得无从下手, 担心得不了高分;但实际上, 只要师生对此种题型有足够的重视, 而且课堂教学指导训练得当, 语法填空题就可以成为学生高考的增分点 (邓小军2011) 。那么, 如何能切实提高学生解答语法填空题的能力呢?我认为, 教师应在日常课堂教学中注意以下三个方面:

一、切实抓好词汇教学, 增加学生的词汇量

从学生平时做语法填空题的情况来看, 在给提示词的填空题中, 因不认识所给单词或不知道所给单词的词性, 造成不会做或者错填的现象, 是学生在解题中存在的较为突出的问题。例如, 有的空需要填主语, 学生却填了连词、介词或副词等, 而在需填谓语动词的地方却填了名词、形容词等;也有的学生不会写动词的过去式及过去分词形式, 或因为看不懂句子意思填错词而导致丢分。因此, 在平时的词汇教学中, 教师除了要求学生记忆单词的词性词义外, 还要注意训练单词间的词性转换, 并让学生明确不同词性在句子中所做的成分及所起的作用。另外, 常用的动词短语、介词词组、固定句式等也是学生必会的内容。同时, 还要注意培养学生根据所学构词法知识及上下文猜测词义的能力。

二、掌握题型特点, 探索解题技巧, 提高做题效率

语法填空题的材料一般分为短文与对话两种形式, 内容与现实生活联系密切, 注重实用, 考查基础, 有着较大的词汇量, 并考查较高层次的语言知识运用能力。本题型命题形式分为两类:一类为“给提示词”, 一类为“不给提示词”, 两种类型各有难易。

“不给提示词”的为纯空格题, 往往考查冠词、介词、代词和连接词等四大类词, 此外还考查上下文的行文逻辑关系。其中冠词往往考察the的特指与“a/an”的泛指;介词要注意固定搭配;至于连接词, 像引导名词性从句的连词that/whether/if以及连接代词、连接副词, 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词, 引导状语从句的从属连词, 还有并列连词but/so/and等都在考查范围内。

“给提示词”则是括号里给出一个单词, 要求写出符合文章要求的所给单词的正确形式。这就要求学生能正确分析每题的具体情况, 以准确填词。例如, 如果所给出的词是动词, 就从两方面来分析, 如句中需要谓语动词, 则往往考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致问题;如句中不少谓语, 那么就是考察非谓语动词形式, 包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词以及动词不定式;有的给词题考查形容词和副词的比较等级以及词类转换等等。具体此题怎么做, 空格处应填写什么词, 教师应指导学生在了解全文大意的基础上, 从语篇着手, 联系上下文, 根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、固定词组、句型搭配、生活常识以及行文逻辑关系等进行填空, 同时学生也应对西方及其他国家的风俗习惯、文化背景有所了解。

总之, 语法填空题的解题步骤应是:浏览全文, 把握语篇;边读边填, 先易后难;验证复查, 清除难点 (梁雪妮2010) 。

三、针对语法填空新题型, 提高课堂语法教学效率

做好语法填空题, 离不开扎实的语法知识。高中英语所包含的语法知识种类繁多, 要想全面掌握很不容易, 英语语法的学习需要长期积累, 经过持续且有效的训练而逐步提高。因此, 在日常教学中, 教师应充分认识到语法教学的重要性, 明确教学目的, 创建高效语法课堂, 让学生熟练掌握各项语法基础知识, 并能在做题的过程中加以灵活应用。教师可以引导学生熟悉课本中的基础知识, 指导学生分析、理解句子结构, 体会英语语言的逻辑性, 逐步培养学生分析句法功能、运用英语知识的能力, 同时, 重视一些习语和惯用法。教师应根据教材特点, 抓住训练时机, 加强题型训练, 培养学生的语感, 渗透学法指导;在课堂上, 应充分发挥学生的主体作用, 促使学生主动而又机动灵活地学习, 通过师生共同的实践探索, 使学生领悟语法结构, 掌握有效的学习方法, 培养学生语法分析及运用的能力。

总之, 语法填空是一种新题型, 学生以前接触较少, 因此要求教师在日常教学和备考中, 深入研究语法填空的常见考点和高考的命题方向。既要注重学生基本功的训练, 又要传授学生正确的解题技巧, 利用平时的课堂教学和课后训练, 培养学生的做题习惯。教师只有在教学中明确必考点, 督促学生反复训练, 不断总结, 并坚持不懈, 才能使学生在解题过程中快速地写出最佳答案, 不断提高解题能力, 在高考中考出好成绩。

摘要：“语法填空题”是近几年高考英语的新题型, 由于学生对其不太适应, 且此题对语法有较强的综合性考查, 因此, 这一题型已成为学生备考不容忽视的一部分。如何搞好语法教学, 创建高效语法课堂, 让学生掌握题型特点及解题技巧, 提高做题效率, 成为攻克这一新题型的关键。其实, 只要师生对此种题型足够重视, 课堂教学指导训练得当, 语法填空题就可以成为学生高考的增分点。

关键词：语法填空,题型特点,课堂效率

参考文献

邓小军.2011.高考英语语法填空有效课堂研究[J].教育教学研究, (32) .

高考英语语法填空题型总结 篇3

[关键词]高考语法填空题型教学

[中图分类号]G633.41[文献标识码]A[文章编号]16746058（2015）100072

2014年甘肃省英语高考题型有了重大调整，取消了原来的15道单选题，新增了10道语法填空题。但从2014年高考反应来看，由于将语法放到语篇中考查，不少学生难以适应这种新题型。在教学中，我们也发现，语法填空的得分率都比较低，不少学生对这种题型感到无所适从。那么如何加强高考英语新题型“语法填空”题的教学，提高学生的解题能力就成为摆在我们教师面前的一道难题了。笔者经过一年多的教学尝试，从下面几个方面着手去试图解决这一难题，现和各位同仁进行探讨。

一、注重研究新题型，确保教学有的放矢

语法填空题旨在考查学生理解语篇的能力和分析句子结构的能力，在此基础上，考查学生熟练运用语法的能力。语法填空题要求考生在10分钟内阅读一篇大约200个词的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在10道语法填空题的每个空格处填一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 其命题形式分为括号提示和纯空格两种。括号提示题侧重考查词法（动词时态、语态、祈使语气、虚拟语气及非谓语动词），包括构词法（名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的词形转换及前后缀所引起的词义变化）；纯空格题侧重考查根据上下文行文逻辑和前后照应关系选择功能词（介词、代词、冠词等）及复合句中的连词。教师只有通过深入研究高考语法填空试题的命题规律，正确认识其特点、考点和难点，才能落实好课堂教学。

二、抓好基础知识教学，夯实学生基础

1.抓好词汇教学

教学中要加强考查，督促学生熟练记忆词汇、短语和一些固定搭配的用法。语法填空题要求考生填入单词，所以考生对基础词汇的拼写和词性转换必须重视。对于常用的、易错的词要多下工夫记忆。另外，语法填空题也常考查考生对习语、惯用法和典型句式掌握的熟练程度，所以要求考生在平时复习的过程中要注意积累习语、短语，对固定搭配要了然于心，对典型句式能够脱口而出。

2. 抓好语法教学

在教学中教师应合理安排好语法课，依据第一轮复习的语法专题讲解，逐一引导学生巩固所学语法知识，做到各个击破。如谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词及词性转换、介词、连词、代词、冠词、从句引导词、情态动词、强调动词，等等。同时教师还要注重对学生进行英语句子知识的教学和句子结构分析能力的培养，帮助学生了解句子成分、句子结构、句子类型，让学生知道在什么时候该用什么词性的单词充当特定的句子成分，学会分析句子结构，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句。

三、抓好专题训练

教师要选择好语法填空训练题，并在平常的教学中尽量多地训练学生做这种题型，保证每天1-2篇，使学生从心理上不再惧怕此类题型，冷静分析，提高准确率。必要时可充分利用课本教材，改写成Summary并设置成自由填空题和提示性填空题，让学生进行语法填空强化训练。

四、抓好学生语感的培养

语感也有助于学生对这一题型的解答。因此，教师在平时的教学中，应注重加强对学生语感的培养。朗读尤其有助于提高学生对语言的感受能力，所以在早读或晚读时间，教师应要求学生对教材上的课文或一轮复习资料上的优美短文进行朗读或背诵，强化学生的语感。

五、抓好解题技巧的指导

解题技巧可以帮助学生在较短的时间里更有效地答题。教师在注重夯实学生的基础之外，还应抓好对学生的解题技巧指导。针对语法填空这一题型，教师要做好讲解与点评，引导学生通过做题和老师的讲解去总结、归纳，从中找出规律，悟出方法。要严格要求学生按照先浏览全文、把握语篇，再边读边填、先易后难，最后验证复查、清除难点这一正确解题步骤去做，并形成一种习惯。

总之，针对语法填空这一高考新题型，只要我们注重去研究它的命题规律，正确认识其特点、考点和难点，抓好平时的教学和训练，指导好解题方法，就能提高学生对这一题型的解题能力。

高考英语语法填空技巧 篇4

答案与分析：the。这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰，因此用定冠词。

例：【2015广东】He owned ______ farm, which looked almost abandoned.

答案与分析：a。名词farm前应该有冠词，因为在文章中第一次出现，所以用不定冠词。

例：【广东】After the student left, the teacher let ______ student taste the water.

答案与分析：another。上文谈到一个学生让老师品尝他从沙漠里带了来的泉水，当那个学生离开后，老师让另一个学生品尝这泉水的味道。根据语境这里填写限定词another。

例：【广东】Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ______ was a wonderful holiday destination.

答案与分析：it。第二个句子中的宾语从句缺主语，这里it代替前文提到过的Miami。

例：【2015课标I】For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

答案与分析：by

例：【2014课标II】There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

答案与分析：and。“There were many people waiting at the bus stop”是个完整的句子，“some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.”也是个完整的句子，两句之间是并列关系。

例：【广东】______he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was

wrong.

答案与分析：Although/Though。这里有两个句子，“______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back”和“he was wrong.”，且两个句子之间没有分号或句号，根据句意可知，第一个句子是让步状语从句。

例：【2015课标II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

答案与分析：how。因为“...the Pueblo Indians figured out”和“...the adobe walls needed to be...”是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词;根据句意，确定填写连词how。

例：【2014广东】I didn’t understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

答案与分析：why

例：【2015课标I】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

答案与分析：that/which

例：【广东】His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, _____not save a bit of money?”

答案与分析：why

例：【2014课标II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ _______anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”

答案与分析：Did

高考英语语法填空题型总结 篇5

After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months__17____ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18_____(tell)that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 19_____ for the week after. I didn’t understand 20____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21______ the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_____(surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_____ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.

The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24____ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_____(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.

【文章大意】本文为记叙文。作者为我们讲述了一家人去迈阿密旅游时的一次经历。[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文，题材为个人经历。讲述了作者的一次旅游经历。虽然预订房间出现了差错，但问题得到了很好的解决，作者感到很满意。

16.【考点】本题考查替代。【答案】it【解析】本空用it代替前面出现的迈阿密。

17.【考点】本题考查副词比较级。【答案】earlier【解析】解此题关键在于本句中的had made可知，作者在到达迈阿密之前就提前六个月预定了房间。本句暗含比较，意思是“早在六个月前”。

18.【考点】本题考查时态和被动语态。【答案】were told【解析】事情在过去发生，所以用一般过去时。我们应该是由旅馆那边告知，所以使用被动语态;因为叙述的是过去发生的事情，we与tell之间是被动关系，所以本句使用一般过去时的被动语态。

19.【考点】本题考查副词。【答案】but【解析】这是考虑not…but…结构，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”。not…but…不是……而是……。此处表示句意的转折。

20.【考点】本题考查连词。【答案】how【解析】意为“我不知道怎么会发生这样的事”，故用how。考查宾语从句的连接词。我不理解为什么会发生这样的事。/我不理解这样的事是如何发生的。

21.【考点】本题考查与动词搭配的介词。【答案】for【解析】因charge…for…意为“收费”，charge…for…为……收(费)。是习惯搭配。

22.【考点】本题考查副词用法。【答案】surprisingly【解析】解此题关键在于本空后的helpful是一个形容词，修饰形容词应该用副词。

23.【考点】本题考查冠词。【答案】the【解析】这里是特指顶层，所以用定冠词。the top floor顶层。

24.【考点】本题考查定语从句。【答案】where【解析】本句中含有定语从句，先行词是beach，where=on which=and on the beach=and there引导定语从句，修饰先行词the beach。因为先行词是地点名词，关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以填where。

高考英语语法填空题型总结 篇6

2.And they are taught all along (rely) on themselves for everything.

3.I have never cared for counting toothpicks,wasting toothpicks, or the number of toothpicks

(use) in any construction.

4.Her husband of 70 years passed away, (make) the move necessary.

5.Last decade,the FAA considered changing the rule, but decided against it, (refer) to statistics from .

6.The film is also funny,smart, beautifully animated, (fill) with great characters.

7.He dropped out of high school following his third year,eventually (earn) his general equivalency diploma.

8.DiCaprio’s persistence in reaching the event after encountering two plane delays caused Prime Minister (describe) himself as a “real man”.

9.At the Oscar Ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award foe Best Actor impressed all the audience present.

10.It is the most urgent threat (face)our entire species,and we need to work collectively together.

11. (escape) the pain, the bears alternate lifting up one paw and then another while music is played.

12.The bears also suffer with an inadequate diet usually (consist) of white bread, sugar and cheap fruit juices.

13. (fall) over in front of everyone isn’t much fun.

14.Gate formed Microsoft with Paul Alien in 1975 (develop)software for personal computers.

15.He suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults (try) to end their tobacco use, or quit.

16.I also took time (learn) their songs and calls.

17.Even more impressive, some cosmetically--minded cultures still create makeup

(use) the same techniques (originate) in Egypt thousands of years ago.

18. But the stones (employ) to make flour for bread brought a lot of sand to their diet, which damaged their teeth.

19. Customers don’t usually find store clerks (sit) around watching TV or plat cards.

20.Some people think that (absorb) in virtual reality does great harm to us.

21.Studies also shown that the skills (use) in playing games can cause growth in certain area of brain, the ability (think) in 3D and even improve eyesight.

22. The physician Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece (treat) infection.

23. Drugs are smuggled into country by (organize) groups.

24. I can see that you have all been successful in your (choose) path.

25. And key theft is responsible for 40% of thefts of vehicles fitted with (tract) system.

26. Staff at the center then will contact the owner (confirm) that the car is really missing.

27. (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter.

28.In , it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.

29.As I back into my car, I saw the same lady (look) in at me.

30. (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.

31.He has a constant urge (check) for text messages, he checks his phone every five minutes!

32. (wonder) how my mum consume them so quickly----we were always suddenly out of something.

33. Was she worried how I would react or that I would stop (buy) the groceries if I find out?

34. Do you getting impatient of (annoy) with people over unimportant things?

高考英语语法填空的应对策略 篇7

关键词：语法填空,题型特点,解题技巧,训练方式

“语法填空”是2007年广东高中实施新课程标准之后, 高考改革增设的一种新题型, 总分为15分, 占英语总分的10%。自2007年实施以来, 语法填空已经在广东走过了七个年头, 所有高中英语教师和高中学生对这一题型都已经不再陌生。但是本人发现近几年高考英语语法填空最终得分情况是:基础较好的同学很容易拿高分, 基础较差的同学往往得分很低, 甚至出现0分。针对这种情况, 笔者重视对这种题型的指导和训练, 取得了显著效果, 学生的解题能力大大提高, 这说明只要老师对此足够重视, 课堂教学指导训练得当, 语法填空题可以成为学生高考新的增长点。下面结合本人这几年的英语课堂教学, 从语法填空的题型特点, 解题方法和训练方式三方面加以简单介绍。

一题型特点

根据《高中英语课程标准》确定的语法三个纬度, 高考广东卷语法填空题秉承考纲要求, 继续贯彻“注重实用, 考查基础”的考查思路和方向进行命题, 并适当地探索高考改革的新思路, 但高考试题大方向、考查思路和考查范围没有太大变化, 仍贯彻“稳定中求发展”的高考改革思路。7年的体裁都是记叙文, 题材上除了2008年选材成语故事, 其余6年都是生活经历或生活故事, 主题与现实生活联系密切, 其内容或体现文化内涵, 或体现生活常理。总体来看纯语法规则测试题越来越少, 而强化考生英语的实际运用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的试题逐渐增加。

二解题方法

学生在做语法填空的题目时, 不但应该通篇考虑, 掌握文章的内容和主题, 而且合理地运用已学的语法知识 (词义、词性、词语搭配、句子时态、固定句型以及相关文化背景知识) 得出正确的结论。语法填空旨在考查学生的语言知识实际运用能力, 但这种题型仍是有规律可循。为了提高学生答题的准确率, 学生在答此类题型时应该做到以下几点:

1.通读全文, 理解大意

学生应该迅速浏览全文, 了解全文主旨, 学生应该特别注意文章的首尾句。通常文章会在首句给出一个提纲挈领或提供背景信息的句子, 在尾句表明自己的观点;其次, 要注意一些关键词语或句子, 特别是涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、经过、结果的词句;最后, 学生应该从文章的逻辑结构、上下文联系中挖掘作者的观点和态度。

2.尝试填空, 突破难点

在通读全文、基本把握文章大意之后, 可开始填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义” (已给出词语除外) 和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。

3.再读检查, 修正错误

填空后, 再将文章复读一遍, 把已经填好的答案放在整篇文章中来检查。如果前后有矛盾或者句子不通顺, 证明有可能出现错误, 要重新考虑。

现以下题为例, 理清语法填空的解题思路。

解析: (1) 根据语法知识进行填空, 如第1题答案为more, 第7题答案为who; (2) 根据上下文逻辑关系进行填空, 如第2题答案为Because; (3) 根据语篇标志进行填空, 如第3题答案为gone, 第5题答案为full/good; (4) 根据固定词组进行填空, 如第6题答案为the; (5) 根据句型搭配进行填空, 如第4题答案为It; (6) 根据词汇知识进行填空, 如第8题答案为spend/waste, 第9题答案为saving; (7) 根据生活常识进行填空, 如第10题答案为until/till。

三训练方式

有了高考作为导向, 英语教师在平时的教学中可以让学生多做些语法填空训练, 有针对性地设计一些语法填空题目, 帮助学生积累语言知识、循序渐进地掌握这种题型的解题技巧。

1.简单句子的语法填空

比如, 教师可以通过对NSEFC Book 3的教学, 在阶段性测试中设计这样的题目: (1) I am looking forward to_____ (hear) from you again. (2) It is Mary_____I saw in the Supermarket yesterday. (3) _____a matter of fact, I don’t agree with what you said. (4) _____in this way, can we learn English well. (5) The number of students in our school_____2000.

解答: (1) 是关于look forward to doing这个搭配; (2) 考查强调句型It’s+强调部分+that的用法; (3) 考查固定词组搭配as a matter of fact的用法; (4) 考查only+介词短语放在句首时主句采用部分倒装的用法; (5) 考查the number of+名词复数作主语是谓语动词要用单数的用法。

这样, 既可以复习已学的语法知识, 又可以提高学生的解题技巧和能力。

2.课文内容的语法填空

为了加深学生对基础知识的掌握, 教师可以充分利用课文内容来设计语法填空的练习和试题。一种方式是使用课文中的重要段落来出题, 另一种方式是通过课文内容的缩写来出题。以下是一篇根据NSEFC Book I Unit 3改写的语法填空:

参考答案:

1.taking 2.It 3.rode 4.whose 5.As6.difficulty 7.determined 8.an 9.where 10.to see

综上所述, 要做好语法填空的题目并非难事。只要学生弄清楚考点, 明确考查范围, 了解这种题型的特点, 加之通过英语教师在平时教学工作中指导学生有效地进行学习, 让学生掌握一定的解题方法, 练习中有针对性地训练, 就可以在高考中做到有的放矢, 帮助学生攻克语法填空这一难关, 为高考打下坚实的基础。

参考文献

[1]张满胜.英语语法新思维中级教程:通悟语法[M].北京:群言出版社, 2008

[2]梁雪妮.高考英语新题型下“语法填空题”教学策略及评价[J].新课程研究 (基础教育) , 2010 (6)

高考英语语法填空题型总结 篇8

关键词：新题型；语法填空；解题技巧

学生普遍反映英语语法填空难。由于以前高考中全国卷II从未采用过这种题型，因此我们有必要对此题型认真分析，归纳并总结解题方法和技巧。

一、考题特点

语法填空题一般给出大约200词的一段短文或对话，文中挖出10个空格，其中6～7个空给出提示词，填写它的正确形式，其余3～4个空结合上下文直接填词。题材多为一些富有哲理性的故事或生活记事等，故事情节容易理解。语法填空题以语篇为载体，把语法融入语境中考查，并在一定程度上考查学生单词拼写能力、篇章阅读能力以及逻辑推理能力。

二、常考考点

1.考查词法

词法侧重考查动词、连词、形容词与副词、介词、非谓语动词、冠词、代词等。每个空不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法，而是以语法为单位，可能填2～3个单词。

2.考查句法

句法侧重考查名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、倒装等。

3.考查语境

即考生要填出正确答案，需要通读全文，理解语篇内容，至少理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，根据句子结构，确定所填的词。

三、解题技巧

1.有提示词

（1）名词。当所给的词是名词时，我们要考虑其单复数形式，可数不可数。

（2）动词。当所给的词是动词时，我们要考虑它所在句子中有没有谓语，若没有谓语，该空考虑时态和语态；若已经有谓语，应考虑非谓语形式-ing，-ed或to do。

（3）形容词或副词。当所给的词是形容词或副词，我们要考虑填形容词或副词的比较级和最高级，过去分词形式的形容词说明主语的状态，现在分词形式的形容词说明主语的特征。例如：（2014年全国卷Ⅱ）Some of them looked very anxious and 63 （disappoint）.考查形容词，这里表示有些人处于失望的状态，所以应填disappointed.

（4）词性词义转换。当给出一个词，我们要根据前后文语境考虑需不需要做词性转换，如作主语、宾语、表语用名词，作定语用形容词，作状语用副词，副词可以修饰形容词、副词以及整个句子，根据逻辑要不要变反义词等，只有学生掌握了这些规律，明白不同词性的不同句法功能，才能把詞性转化正确。例如：（2014年全国卷Ⅱ） Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers 70 （sudden） became friendly to one another.修饰动词应该用上副词，所以填上suddenly.

2.无提示词

不给提示词的情况下所要填的词常包括以下几种可能的情况。

（1）冠词。不定冠词a，an和定冠词the。不定冠词通常用在单数可数名词前，定冠词the用于特指某人或某物以及上文出现过下

文再次出现的人或物，还用在最高级、序数词和西洋乐器之前以及一些习惯搭配中等。

（2）介词。介词通常用于固定搭配中，这要求学生熟记平时所学的介词短语。例如：（2014年全国卷Ⅱ）When the bus finally came， we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64 the window， so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 考查介词短语搭配。与next搭配的介词 to， 意思为“贴近，紧挨着”。

（3）连词。连词通常用来连接两句话，具体填什么连词要求学生对上下文的意思有很好的理解，如果前后两句话的关系是并列或顺承关系，就用and；如果是表示选择关系就用or，either...or；如果是表示转折关系就用but，however等。例如：（2014年全国卷Ⅱ）There were many people waiting at the bus stop， 62 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.考查连词，连接上一句和本句，两个分句间起承上启下的作用，表示顺承关系，所以应该填上and.

（4）关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。当句子缺少某一成分，应当考虑是不是从句。

（5）代词。代词包括人称代词、物主代词和反身代词。人称代词包括其主格和宾格。形容词性物主代词用作定语，名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语。反身代词通常表示强调，用作宾语、表语和同位语。It指代同名同物外，还可以充当形式主语、形式宾语以及用在一些固定句型中。例如：（2014年全国卷Ⅱ）A woman

on the bus shouted， “Oh， dear！ It’ s 69 （I）”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. 所填词用以指代“我的手提箱”，所以应该选择名词性物主代词mine.

（6）Be动词、情态动词和助动词。Be动词、情态动词和助动词常被看作虚词，体现在主谓一致、时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等中。例如：（2014年全国卷Ⅱ）Then the driver stood up and asked，

“ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”考查时态，由于at the last stop的提示，这是一个发生在过去的一般疑问句，缺少助动词，所以表过去的助动词did提前。

要做好语法填空题并非一件容易的事，考生首先需要了解这种题型的特点，掌握一定的解题技巧，通读全文，结合语境，这样才能攻克语法填空这一难关。

参考文献：

刘梅.试析新课标下高考英语命题特点的启示[J].科技交汇：中旬刊，2009（03）.

高考英语语法填空题型总结 篇9

1、定冠词the

（1)表示一家人

The Smith are very nice to their neighbors.

The Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.

(2)表示一类人, 谓语用复数

The poor sometimes are even happier than the rich.

(3)表示确定的人或事

A. 双方都知道的人或事

Would mind open the door?

Let’s go to the library

B. 后面有限定的，常常是定语从句。如：Is this the book you talked about yesterday?

(4)独一无二的事物 the sun，the Great Wall. The earth runs around the sun.

(5)序数词、最高级、西洋乐器前

序数词。试比较：

A. He got the first prize in the maths competition. (用the，前面无my， his等形容词性物主代词修饰）

B. I got my first birthday gift at the age of ten. (不用the，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰）

最高级同理，如：

A. I try my best to win the first prize.

B I’m the best.

西洋乐器前面

John loves playing the guitar.

Tom loves play football.

2、不定冠词 a/an

用于可数名词前，表示一个或一类人或事。

A. I ate an apple this morning

B.Tom bought a toy car for his son.

C. A plane is a machine that can fly. (常用来表示定义）

以元音开头的字母（非元音字母a, e,i,o,u, 如 an “s”，而不是a “s”)用an. 原理是两个元音连在一起发音有些不便，因此加个辅音”n“隔开。

总结：a/an 与 the 分别对应汉语中的“一+量词（个、本、张...）”、“这/那+量词”

翻译出“一....”的概念的，通常 a/an

没有翻译出“一...”的概念的，通常不用a/an，而用 the 或不用冠词。

如： I saw a cat on the floor. 我看见地板上有一只猫。

What a nice day! 多么美好的一天啊！

A： Did you see a boy around? 你看见附近有一个男孩吗？

B： You mean the one with a hat？ 你指的是带着一顶帽子的那个吗？

Tom usually goes to school by bus. Tom 通常做公交车去上学。

这里没说坐一辆公交车，故不能用a/an，同时也没特指，所以也不用the，属于零冠词。注：play the piano 属于固定搭配，可以单独记忆。

知识延伸：（1）a/an 与 the 的转化

如：He gets up at six in the morning. 他早上六点起床。

He returned home on a cold winter morning. 他在一个寒冷的冬天的早上回到家。

（2）零冠词与a/an的转化

He called his parents on Friday. 他星期五给他父母打了电话。

He called his parents on a sunny warm Friday. 他在一个晴朗温暖的星期五给他父母打了电话。

二、代词

1、不定代词

对应中文的“一些、很少、很多、几乎没有、没有、某个人、某件事、每个人、所有的...用来表示一个不确定的数量。

（1)few, little 均表示几乎没有，其中few修饰可数名词，little修饰不可数名词（否定语气）

A few 跟 a little 表示有几个、有一些，分别修饰可数、不可数名词，肯定语气。

如：Tom has few friends. 汤姆几乎没有什么朋友。

Few of us can speak French. 我们当中很少有人会说法语。

This is little milk in the fridge and we need to call the milkman. 冰箱里没什么牛奶了，我们需要打电话给送牛奶的人。

There is still a little milk in the fridge. 冰箱里还有一点牛奶。

There are only a few students in the classroom. 教室里只有几个学生。

知识延伸：

A. 含有few，little的反意疑问句中，后半部分用肯定形式。

如：Tom has few friends, does he?

There is little milk in the fridge, is there?

B. a little 也可用作副词，表示“有点，稍微”

如：I’m a little tired. 我有点累了。

She is a little hungry. 她有点饿了。

（2）some，any 表示一些，修饰可数或不可数名词。其中some常用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句中。

如：I have some old books. 我有一些旧书

I don’t have any old books? 我没有任何旧书。

Do you have any old books? 你有一些旧书吗？

I’m thirsty, and I want to have some water. 我很渴，我想喝点水。

知识延伸：

A. 由some, any 衍生出来的词 something, anything，somebody, anybody，someone，any用法基本同上。

如：I’m hungry and I want something to eat.

It’s dark here. I can’t see anything.

B. some/something 可用于疑问句中，表示征询对方意见的意思；any/anything 用于肯定句中，表示任何的意思。

如：Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗？

Can you give me some advice? 你能给我一些建议吗？

Anything is possible. 一切皆有可能。

He is taller than any boys in his class. 他比他班上任何一个男生都要高。

C. 当句中something, anything 有形容词修饰时，形容词需后置，如 something new

例句：I hate eating potatoes everyday. I want to have something new today.

Do you have anything interesting to tell us.

知识衔接：类似的表达还有 形容词+enough 如 strong enough（足够强，enough 后置）

例句： He is old enough to go to school.

She is not strong enough to move the box.

（3）all ，both；none，neither; either

All 表示三者或三者以上都...对应的否定形式为 neither

Both 表示两者都，对应的否定形式为neither。

如： All of us love listening to music. 我们所有人都喜欢听音乐。（三人或三人以上）

（否定）None of us loves listening to music. 我们所有人都不喜欢听音乐。

Both Tom and John are from America. 汤姆和约翰都来自美国。（两人）

（否定）Neither Tom nor John is from America. 汤姆和约翰都不是来自美国。

either 表示 “两者中任何一个”；“either...or...”表示“要么...要么...”

如：---Which do you prefer, tea or coffee. 茶跟咖啡你要喝哪一个？

---Either is OK. I don’t mind. 哪个都行，我不介意。

Either you or I am going to the meeting. 要么你去参加这个会议，要么我去。

知识延伸：

all 的否定形式有两种 加“not”表示的是部分否定，none 表示的是全部否定。

如： All of us don’t like listening to music. 不是我们所有人都喜欢听音乐（有一部分人喜欢，一部分人不喜欢）

None of us like（s）listening to music. 我们所有人都不喜欢听音乐（完全否定）

含有neither...nor... either...or...句子，谓语动词的单复数要根据最靠近它的名词而定。

如：Either you or I am going to the meeting.

(4)other 表示“其他的”形容词性

如：Tom is not here. You can ask other students. 汤姆不在这里，你可以问其他的学生。

any other 表示任何其他的一个

He is taller than any other boys in his class. 他比他班上其他任何男生都高。

others 表示“其他的人”

如：We should help others. 我们应该帮助他人。

the other

一个，另一个（两个）

如：I have two brothers. One is 7 years old and the other is 5 years old.

表示“剩余其他的”

Where have the other students gone? 其他的学生去哪儿了？

the others+the other +前面提到的复数名词

如：He is clever than the others in his class.

another

三个或以上中的另一个

如：This skirt is too big. Can you show me another one?

固定用法 another+数词/few +复数名词 表示另外的、额外的

如：I need another three hours to finish my homework.

2、人称代词

（1）主格 I, you, he, she, we, they, it (做主语）

如：I/She/He...want(s) to see a film.

（2）宾格 me, you, him, her, us, them, it(做宾语或表语）

及物动词后

We don’t like him because he is very strict.

I asked him a question.

介词后面

It’s good for us to do exercise everyday.

I haven’t heard from her since 1997.

Be 动词之后做表语

-----Who is there?

------It’s me, Jack.

3、物主代词

（1）形容词性：my your his her our their its, 放在名词前。

（2）名词性： mine yours his hers ours theirs its 代替前面提到的名词

如： This is my book. It ’s not yours .

This is not my pen. Mine is red. 这不是我的笔，我的笔是红色的。 （mine=my pen)

4、反身代词

myself , yourself/yourselves himself, herself, ourselves, themselves itself

表示我自己、他自己、他们自己、我们自己，常见的固定短语有“

enjoy oneself(玩得开心） by oneself（独自） help oneself(to) 随便吃...

如：We really enjoyed ourselves last night. 昨晚我们玩得很开心。

He did his homework all by himself. 他的家庭作业都是自己独立完成的。

Help yourself to the dishes. 随便吃点鱼。

三、名词

重要考点

（1）名词复数不规则变化: 各国人的单复数

常考：Frenchman---Frenchmen， German----Germans，

Englishman---Englishmen, American---Americans

如：There are five foreign students in our class. Three are Frenchmen, and two are Germans.

（2）所有格 名词+’s，如 Tom‘s book， 表示所属关系。

如：Lily’s father is a doctor.

Tom’s house is near a lake.

知识延伸：

组合名词的复数形式

A. 一般加在最后一个名词上

如：There are 24 boy students and 25 girl students in our class.

I saw two policemen in the street this morning.

B. 特殊情况：前半部分是man/woman，将两部分变成复数。

如：Two women doctors were injured in the accident.

A group of men scientists are working on this project.

名词所有格中出现两个或以上名词时：

A. 表示各自关系时，各名词末尾均加“s”

B. 表示共有关系时，只在末尾名词加“s”

如：Tom’s and Lily’s fathers are teachers. (两人的父亲不是同一个人）

Tom and Lily’s father is a teacher. （两人的父亲是同一个人）

考点解析：此知识点主要考察主谓一致，解题时可以通过谓语动词的单复数判断前面名词的关系，一般情况下，若为复数，则为各自关系；若为单数，则为共有关系。同样地，也可以根据前面名词的关系，判断后面谓语的单复数。

四、数词

1、基数词

(1) 用“百”、“千”修饰名词的情况

A. hundreds of; thousands of 数百的；数千的

前面不能有数词修饰，如不能写成： four hundreds of students

B. 数词+hundred/thousand +名词复数：four hundred students

例句： Thousands of people lost their homes after the earthquake.

Hundreds of students took part in the sports meeting this year.

There are five hundred students in our school.

This temple was built hundreds of years ago.

知识延伸：

Hundreds of thousands of 表示成千上万的。

如：Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in the square to celebrate the new year.

成千上万的人聚集在广场上庆祝新年。

2、序数词

表示“第...”的概念：first 第一 second 第二 third 第三；其他均在末尾加“Th”

但有几个例外，如： fifth 第五； ninth 第九；eighth 第八； twelfth 第十二

例句：He lives in the second floor. 他住在第二楼。

Mary won the second place in the competition. 玛丽在比赛中获得了第二名。

知识衔接：序数词前无物主代词修饰时要用定冠词“the”

3、分数

形式：分子基数词+分母序数词，分子超过1，分母加“s“。

如：two thirds 2/3one fifth 1/5

例句：Two fifths of the students are boys.

Three thirds of this area is countryside. 这个地区的三分之二是乡村。

注：句子中的谓语动词单复数要根据分数后面的名词而定，可数则用复数，不可数则用单数。

知识延伸：

A. 1/4 属于特殊的分数，多写作 one quarter， 如 3/4 为three quarters

B. 1/2 写作 half， 一个半小时 写作：one hour and a half 或 one and a half hours.

五、时态

中考涉及的常用时态有6种：一般现在时、一般过去时；现在进行时，过去进行时；现在完成时，一般将来时；其中重点考察过去进行、现在完成时态。

1、一般现在时

表示一般性、经常性动作，标志性副词有：everyday，usually， sometimes，everyday morning等。

He exercises everyday to keep fit. 他每天锻炼身体来保持健康。

Jimmy usually goes to school by bike. 吉米通常骑自行车去学校。

表示恒定不变的规律，如

The earth runes around the sun.

Light travels faster than sound.

2、一般过去时

表示过去已经完成的动作，标志性副词有：yesterday，last year， in 1997， three days ago 等明确表示过去时间的词。

I lost my bag yesterday.

Tim was born in 1997.

A car accident took place in the street three hours ago.

3、现在进行时

表示现在正在进行的动作，基本结构为：is/am/are +V-ING，标志性词语有：now, at the moment.

I’m doing my homework now.

He is watching TV at the moment.

表示即将发生的动作，多见于come， leave，run 等方向性动词，如

The bus is coming! 车来了

I’m leaving tomorrow! 我明天就要走了

4、过去进行时

A. 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间正在进行的动作

如：-----I called you last night, but there was no answer.

-----Sorry, I was playing football with my friends outside.

(当他打电话时，“我”正在外面跟朋友踢足球）

B. 主句是过去进行时，从句是when/while 引导的时间状语从句。

I was having dinner with my parents when the light went out.

电灯熄灭时，我正和爸妈在吃晚餐

I was watching TV when the bell rang.

门铃响时，我正在看电视。

特殊情况下，也可以是主句是一般过去时，从句是过去进行时

如：He fell asleep when he was reading his newspaper.

5、现在完成时

A. 过去发生的动作持续到现在，标志性词语：for，since, so far, in the past...years/months

I‘ave studied English for five years. 我学英语5年了（现在还在学）

We’ave known each other since we were nine or ten. 我们九到十岁时就已经相识。

We’ave learn over 3,000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我们学了3000多个单词。

Great changes have taken place in China in the past 30 years. 在过去的30年间，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

B. 过去发生的事，但对现在仍有影响，标志性词：already，yet（already 对应的否定句，常置于句末）never，ever，before， just.

I’ave already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业

I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我的家庭作业还没做完

I have never been to America. 我从来没去过美国。

I‘ave just finished my homework. Now I can go out to play football with my friend.

我刚做完了家庭作业，现在我可以跟朋友出去踢足球了。

Julia has never seen an elephant before. 茱莉亚以前从来没有见过大象。

6、一般将来时

A. 表示很快要发生或打算去做的事： be going to +动词原形

It’s going to rain. Let’s hurry up. 天马上要下雨了，我们快点走吧

I’m going to visit my uncle this weekend. 这个周末我打算去看望我的叔叔。

I‘m going to buy a new bike. The old one was broken. 我的旧单车坏了，我打算买一辆新的。

B. 表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或状态，标志性词: tomorrow, in the future, in three days, next year/month/week, some day, one day.

I’ll have an exam tomorrow. 明天我有场考试。

The famous singer, Jay Chou, will come to our city next week. 著名歌手周杰伦下周将会来我们的城市。

All my dreams will come true one day. 总有一天，我所有的梦想都会实现。

知识延伸：

在“if， as long as”引导的条件状语从句以及“when, while, before as soon as”等引导的时间状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句中用一般现在时代替。

I won’t come if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我就不来了。

I will call you as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就会打电话给你。

As long as you don’t give up, your dream will come true. 只要你不放弃，你的梦想就会实现

I will send you a letter when I get there. 当我到达那里时，我会给你寄封信

I will have everything prepared before i leave. 在我离开之前， 我会把一切都准备好。

误区整理：注意区分宾语从句中的”if“跟”when”

如：----I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.

----If it rains, I will stay at home.

-----Do you know when he will come tomorrow?

-----No,when he comes, I will let you know.

短暂性动作如come， go，marry，leave，die等在现在完成时中不能同“for，since”表示的一段时间短语连用，需要转化成相应的持续性动作。

如：（1)She has married for three years. ×

She has been married for three years. (将短暂性动作化成持续性状态）√

(2) Mr. Lee has come to China for thirty years. ×

Mr. Lee has been in China for thirty years. √

have been to 跟 have gone to 的区别。

“have been to”指去过某地，但现在已经回来了；“have gone to”指在去某地的路上，现在还没回来。试比较：

---Have you been to Australia?

---Yes, I went there last summer. （去年夏天去过澳大利亚，现在已经回来了）

---May I speak to Mr. D win？

---Sorry, Mr. D win has gone to China. He will be back next Monday. (现在还没回）

六、形容词、副词

解析：英语形容词对应汉语中的“...的”，如：漂亮的、高大的，友好的；副词对应汉语中的”...地“，如”慢慢地，悄悄地“。跟中文习惯相同，形容词一般位于名词前或者系动词之后做表语。副词一般位于动词之后（及物动词的，位于动词宾语之后）。

（1）比较级，两者之间的比较。 A比B... A is ...er than B

最高级 三个或以上的比较

形式：形容词副词后+er/Ier(辅音字母+y结尾）；est/est

more+形容词/副词； the most+形容词、副词

不规则的，需单独记忆

例：tall---taller---tallest strong---stronger---strongest

fast---faster----fastest easy---easier---easiest

beautiful---more beautiful---the most beautiful

good---better---the best bad---worse---worst

例句; He is taller than me.

He is the tallest in his class.

This skirt looks more beautiful than that one.

Tom did a better job than Jerry.

Robertson runs faster than any other boys in his class.

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.

知识延伸：

比较级前面可以加序数词、或”much, a little, even, far”等修饰，表示“第几..“”...得多，远远...“等意思。

The Yellow River is the second largest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。

His English is even worse than mine. 他的英语甚至比我的还要差。

Wyoming is much taller than Gunslinging. 姚明比郭敬明要高得多。

His French is a little better than mine.( than me ×) 他的法语比我好一点。

知识链接：序数词与定冠词的搭配使用；不定代词与名词性物主代词的使用。

表示A跟B一样...可用”...as ... as...“中间的形容词副词用原级。

He is as tall as me. 他跟我一样高

He speaks English as well as me. 他英语说得跟我一样好。

附：表否定，形式如下（第一个as改成so）

He is not so tall as me. 他不比我高

He speaks English not so well as me. 他英语不比我说得好。

（2）形容词的-ING跟-ed形式

-ING 表示”令人...“，一般形容事物；

-ed 表示“感到...”，一般形容人。

如：The film is boring. I’m bored.

I’m surprised by the surprising news.

You look tired. What happened?

Mr. Wang’s class is very interesting.

七、介词

常考知识点：地点、方位介词、时间介词、方式介词

(1) at, in, on

at 表示 某个时间点或小的地方

He was at home last night. (at home 在家）

He usually gets up at six o’clock in the morning. (表时间点）

Tom awns’t at school today. He was ill.

in 表示大的地点或一段时间

Chairman Mao was born in 1897. (年份）

Gao takes place in June every year. (月份）

You can see many flowers in spring. (季节）

It’s usually hot in the afternoon in summer. (一段具体的时间）

More and more foreigners are studying in China. (国家）

There will be a big festival in Shanghai next month. (城市）

（2）方位的（可结合地图进行理解记忆）

between ，opposite， in front of， next to， near， behind..

The post office is between the bookstore and the supermarket. 邮局在书店跟超市中间。

The hotel is opposite the park. 酒店在公园的对面。

There is a car in front of the classroom 教室前面有一辆车

知识延伸： in front of 跟 in the front of 的区别，前者表示在某个范围以外的前面，后者 表示在某个范围以内的前面。

如：The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. 黑板在教室前面。（黑板位于教室内部）

There is a tree in front of the classroom. 教室前面有棵树。（树长在教室的外面）

between 跟 among 的区别

between 表示两者之间 如：between you and me

among 表示三者或以上之间 Among all the singers, I love Jay Chou best.

（3）表“方式”，意思为“用....”

by+交通工具

I go to school by bus.

Mrs. Green traveled to London by plane.

in+语言

What’s this in English.

Can you say it in Chinese?

with +具体的工具

He opened the door with a key.

In the western restaurant, people usually use a knife.

八、连词

1、并列连词：and，or，but，so；not only...but also; both...and; neither...nor; either...or

He study very hard and he is never late for class. (关系平等的两个句子）

Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? (or 用于疑问句中，表选择）

My family are not rich, but we are happy. (but,但是，表转折）

Judy was ill, so she could’t come to school today. (表因果）

Not only Jack but also Johnson is going to to party.

知识延伸：

祈使句，and/or....

Don’t give up, and your dream will come true one day. 不要放弃，总有一天你的梦想会实现。

=If you don’t give up, your dream will come true one day.

Study hard, or you will fail in the exam. 努力学习，否则你将会考试不及格。

=If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the exam.

2、从属连词

A. 表如果：if it does’t rains tomorrow, we will have a picnic.

If you study hard, you will get high scores.

知识链接：条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替简单将来时。

知识延伸：If 还可以表“是否”，意思跟whether 一样，如：

I don’t know whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。

I’m not sure if it is true. 我不知道它否正确。

注：这种情况下通常表示不确定的意义。当从句中含有“...or not”时，只能用whether，不能用”if“，如：

We don’t know whether he will come or not. (不能用 if）

We are not sure whether it is true or not.

B. 表原因 because，since，as

----Why are you late？

----Because I missed the bus.

Since everybody is here, let’s begin. (=now that 既然）

As it was late, I had to go. 由于太晚了，我必须得走了。

C. 表让步 though, although 尽管

Although it’s snowy, he goes to school as usual. 尽管下着雪，他还是像往常一样去上学。

Although he is poor, he is very happy. 尽管他很穷，但他很幸福。

D. so...that... Such...that... 如此...以至于...

The box is so heavy that no one can move it. 这箱子太重了，以至于没人能够移动它。

She eats so much that she becomes very fat.

She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her.

知识延伸：so...that...与“too...to..”或“enough...to..”的句型转化

He is so old that he even can’t walk.

=He is too old to walk.

He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.

=He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.

九、情态动词

（1）can ，could（can的过去式）

A. 表能力， 会，可以

I can swim. / I can play the guitar.

Mary could play the piano when she was ten.

B. 表推测，只能是否能形式。

---I saw Tom just now.

---It can’t be him. He is on holiday with his parents.

（2）may，might 可能

A. 表请求准许

May I come in? 我可以进来吗？

May I watch TV? 我可以看电视吗？

否定回答时，用“munts’t”, 表示禁止，不允许，如：

----May I smoke here?

----No, you munts’t.

B. 表推测

He may/might come tomorrow. 他明天可能回来.

He may/might know about this. 他可能知道这件事。

注：might 表示的可能性比”may“小。

(3) need 需要

作为情态动词时，用于疑问句和否定句中，如：

----Need I finish my homework by Friday? 我需要在周五之前完成作业吗？

----Yes, you must./ No, you Needles’t

You Needles’t come so early. The meeting begins at 9:00. 你没必要来这么早，会议9点 才开始。

注：回答时，肯定回答用”must“，表示”必须“；否定回答用”Needles’t”表示“没必要”。

（4）must 必须，一定

A. 表必须。

I must go now. 我必须现在离开。

Everyone must arrive on time. 每个人都必须按时赶到

回答时，肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“Needles’t”，如：

----Must I stay in bed all day?

----Yes, you must./ No, you Needles’t.

B. 表推测：一定，肯定

The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面很潮湿，昨晚肯定下过雨。

The light is on. He must be at home now. 灯还亮着，他一定在家。

注：表示不可能时，用“can‘t”，而不用”munts’t”。

十、被动语态

表示“被”的含义，如：

The police caught him. 警察抓到了他。（主动）

He was caught by the police. 他们警察抓住了。（被动）

知识延伸：

（1）在一些动词如“make, see,hear”的被动语态中，主动句中省略的”to“，被动句中需要还原，如：

His boss made him work ten hours a day. 他的老板让他每天工作10小时。（to 省略了）

He was made to work ten hours a day by his boss. (to 需要补充出来）

I saw him read a book in the classroom.

He was seen to read a book in the classroom..

(2) 不确定动作的发出者是谁时，一般用被动语态。

The bridge was built hundreds of years ago. (不知道是谁建造的）

My bike was stolen last night. (不知道是谁偷的）

（3）固定句型”It is...that...“

It is said that he dropped out of school at the age of ten. 据说他十岁的时候辍学了。

=He is said to have dropped out of school at the age of ten. (to后面用完成时）

It is reported that five passengers were killed in the accident. 据报道，5名乘客在这次事故中丧生。

=Five passengers were reported to have been killed in the accident.

(4) 不及物动词没有被动语态，切记！！

An accident was happened last night. ×(append 为不及物动词）

Great changes have been taken place in the city. ×(take place 为不及物动词）

十一、主谓一致

1、就近原则：either...or; neither...nor; not only...but also; there be 句型

谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的一个主语决定。

如：Either I or him is in class 1.

Not only you but also I am shocked by the news.

There is a banana and two apples on the table.

知识链接：不定代词的意义及用法。

2、语法一致的原则

基本原则：单数主语，谓语用单数；复数主语，谓语用复数。

（1）and 或 both...and，谓语动词用复数，如：

Tom and Jim are good friends.

Both Tom and Jim are good at sports.

(2)句中有”with, along with, together with, as well as, except”等词时，谓语动词单复数 由前面的主语决定。

如：The teacher with his students is going to the museum.

Mr. Green, along with his three children, are going to America next week.

All the class, except Tom, were at the meeting yesterday.

注：这些词只是对主语起到一个补充说明、插入的作用，并不能对谓语动词的单复 数造成影响。

3、意义一致的原则

主要是看是否将主语当成一个整体来看，如

Twenty miles is a long way to go. (20英里整体来看是一段很长的路程，故用单数）

My family is a big one. 我的家庭很大（整体来说的）

My family are having dinner. 强调每个家庭成员的动作，故用复数。

十二、感官动词

五官：look，feel，taste，smell，sound，后面直接+adj, 表示”看起来，感觉起来，尝起来，闻起来，听起来...“的意思，如：

Wow！Look at the picture. It looks so beautiful! 看起来很漂亮

I love the soup. It tastes so good. 尝起来很好。

The flowers you sent me smells sweet. 闻起来很香

I bought a new dress this afternoon. It feels comfortable. 感觉起来很舒服。

----How about going fishing this afternoon？

----Sounds great!(=Good idea!) 听起来很棒

知识延伸：

感官动词+like+名词，意思为...起来像...,如：

That sounds like a good idea! 那听起来像个好主意。

The mountain looks like an elephant. 这座山看起来像一头大象。

This T-shirt feels like silk. 这件T恤摸起来像丝绸。

附注：feel like 还有一层意思，表示“想要...”

如： I don’t feel like eating anything 我不想吃任何东西。

I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

The food in the restaurant is disgusting. It smells like dead fish.

十三、固定短语

中考常考的固定短语有以下一些：

1、give的短语

（1） Give up 放弃（及物或不及物）

Don’t give up. You can do it. 不要放弃，你能行的。（不及物）

He finally decided to give up smoking. 他最终决定戒烟了。

放弃某个人，用 give up on sb.

Come on! We will never give up on you. 加油，我们永远不会放弃你！

当宾语是it是，it 位于短语中间，如：

He has been smoking for 20 years. It’s very hard for him to give it up.

(2) give off 散发出（气味、热量等）

The flowers give off a sweet smell.

Rotten eggs give off a bad smell. 腐烂的鸡蛋散发出一股难闻的气味。

（3）give out 公布、分发

He would’t give out any information. 他不愿透露任何信息。

（4）give away 赠送，泄露

Brad gives all his old toys away to the poor children. 布莱德把他所有的旧玩具送给了 贫穷的孩子。

Don’t give away the secret. 不要泄露这项机密。

2、put 的短语

(1)put up 张贴，举起

Tom, please put up the pictures on the wall. 汤姆，请把照片贴到墙上。

Put up your hand,please.

(2) Put off 延迟，推迟,脱掉（衣、帽等）

The meeting was put off because of the heavy rain.

Please put off your shoes before you enter this room

(3)put out 扑灭，熄灭（火、烟头等）

The fire was put out before the police arrived. 在警察到来之前，火就已经被扑灭了。

He put out the cigarette and went out the room. 他灭掉烟头，走出了房间。

（4）put away

Put away your shoes. They‘re too dirty. 把你的鞋子收起来，它太脏了。

All the books must be put away during the exam. 考试中所有书籍都要收起来。

3、turn 的短语

(1)Turn up （声音）调高；出现

Could you please turn up the radio. I can’t hear it.

延伸：He promised to come to my birthday party, but he did’t turn up. 他答应要来我的生日晚会，结果却没出现。

（2）turn down （音量）调小；拒绝

Can you turn down the radio. It’s too noisy. 你能把收音机调小吗？它太吵了。

延伸：He gave me an offer, but I turn it down. 我拒绝了他提供的帮助。

（3）turn on 打开

Turn on the TV, please. I want to see the football match.

Turn on the lights,please. It’s too dark here.

（4）turn off 关闭

Tom turned off the TV and went to bed.

We should turn off the lights when we leave the room.

4、Look 的短语

（1）look up 查找，向上看

If you see a new word, you can look it up in the dictionary.

He looked up at the window and saw nothing.

(2)look after 照顾

She is too busy to look after her son.

Mary asked me to look after her pet dog when she was away.

(3) look into 调查

The police are looking into the case. 警方正在调查这起案件。

I’ll look into the matter later. 我稍后再研究这个问题。

（4）look forward to(doing/n）期待，盼望

I’m looking forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望很快能见到你。

I‘m looking forward to your letter. 我期待你的来信。

十四、情景对话

1、接听电话

----May I speak to Mary please?

----Speaking/ This is Mary speaking

----Hold on please. I’ll go and get her. 请稍等一下，我去叫一下她。

----Sorry, she is not here at the moment. Can I take message? 不好意思，她现在不在这里， 我可以帮你留言吗？

2、听到好或不好的消息

听到好的消息时，表示祝贺，如：

----I won the first prize in the writing competition!

----Congratulations！（恭喜！）

听到不好的消息时，表示抱歉或遗憾。

----My mother was ill at bed. I have to look after her.

----(I’m) sorry to hear that.

3、当受到他人帮助、或赞美时，表示感谢，如：

----You look so beautiful today!

----Thanks/Thank you.

4、当别人心情沮丧、遇到困难、挫折时，鼓励、帮助他人，如：

----I’m afraid that I can’t pass the exam this time.

----Cheer up! I’m sure you’ll make it.(振作起来，我相信你一定行的）

----I failed the exam yesterday. What should I do?

----Cheer up！You‘ll do better next time.

5、当别人提出道歉时

----I’m sorry that I lost your pen.

----That’s alright/It’s OK/It does’t matter. Forget it.

----I’m sorry to give you so much trouble.

----It does’t matter/ Never mind.

6.当别人提出建议、想法时

---Why not go out for dinner.

---(That’s a) good idea!

---Sounds great!

---How about going shopping this weekend.

---Sounds good,(but I have to study for the final exams)

---Would you mind opening the door?

---Of course not!/Certainly not! （当然不介意）

---Would you mind my smoking here?

---Yes, you’d better smoke outside./I’m afraid so. (表示介意，不同意对方的做法）

十五、反意疑问句

基本特点：前肯后否，前否后肯，抓准助动词。

1、入门级别：

You like football, don’t you? 你喜欢足球，不是吗?（前肯后否，助动词为do）

Tom is 5 years old, hisn’t he? 汤姆5岁了，不是吗？（前肯后否，助动词为is）

He can’t swim, can he? 他不会游泳，是吗？ （前否后肯，助动词为can）

Jimmy haen’t been to Beijing, has he? 吉米没去过北京，是吗？（前否后肯，助动词为has）

The story is interesting， hisn’t it? (主语为一个具体的名词时，反问部分主语用“it/them”代替。

2、渐进级别：

反意疑问句前半部分有“hardly，never，seldom，nothing，little，few，nobody”等否定词时，后半部分用肯定形式，如：

He speaks little English, does he?

Nina has few friends, has she? (知识链接：不定代词little，few用法）

He never eats onions, does he?

You seldom exercise, do you?

3、高级级别

当主语是this,that,these,those时，反意部分主语分别改为it, they; 当主语是 everybody，everyone，no one，nobody等指人的合成词时，反意部分主语通常用he. 当主语是everything，something， anything，nothing等指物的合成词时，反意部分主语用it.

This is his first time here, hisn’t it?

These are Sarah’s books, Daren’t they?

No one likes Germy, does he?

Nothing is more important than life, is it?

知识延伸：

（1）There be 句型的反意疑问句。

There are two books on the desk, Daren’t there?

There is a pen and two bananas on the table, hisn’t there?

(2）祈使句的反意疑问句：统一用will you？/won’t you.

Open the window, won’t you?

Don’t talk aloud in the reading room, will you?

(3)Let’s 句型跟Let us句型的反意疑问句

Let’s have a rest, shall we?

Let us have a rest,will you?

详解：Let’s缩写时是针对大家的意见，用“shall we？”，Let us 针对的是被询问的人，用“will you？”

十六、定语从句(状语从句详见连词中的从属连词部分）

定语从句：相当于形容词的功能，根据先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）的不同，关系代词有如下变化：

1、who/whom: 先行词是人，who在从句中充当主语，whom充当宾语

He is the boy who got the first prize in the competition.

I saw an old man in the street who had no hair.

Is she the girl to whom you were talking?

The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.

2、whose,that：先行词是人或物，whose表示...的，如：

I know this girl whose mother is a nurse.

I bought a book whose cover was red.

He went into a shop that supplied food.

Ryan showed me a photo (that) he took in Casa.

3、which，先行词是物

Last night, I watched a film which was made by Spielberg.

I found my computer which was stolen last night.

The book (which)I gave you was worth 10$.

知识延伸：

（1）当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，常用that，如：

This is the most beautiful lake (that )I’ave ever seen.

Thomas Edison was the first person that invented the lamp.

He is always the first one that arrives at school.

(2) 当先行词既有人又有物时，用that.

This is the photo of the boy and the house that I will never forget.

Mr. Thomas and his dog that I talked about last night were two characters from the book.

十七、宾语从句

从句在句子中充当宾语，主要有两大类：

（1）that 引导的宾语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分。

He said that he wanted to have a car.

I’m sorry that I hurt you.

I’m sure that he will come.

(2)由 when，where,how, w

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