高考英语短语词组（精选8篇）
2.ask for 请求、寻找、要求见某人
3.break down失败、落空、毁掉、拆除、损坏、瓦解、崩溃、粉碎、分为细目
4.break in训练、驯养、闯入、破门而入、打断、插嘴、开始使用
5.break out发生、爆发、逃出、突围、由贮藏处取出使用、突然说出[发出、做出]
6.break up停止、散开、拆开、(完全)分解、分成小块、结束、(学校期末)放假、衰弱、(精神)崩溃、解散、使哄堂大笑、打断、破坏、断交、绝交、破裂、(天气)突然变化
7.bring out揭露、显示、解释、说明、出版、演出、使罢工、使免除、使开花、说出、暴露、诱导、引出
8.bring up养育、提出、教养、提升、开赴前线、[俗]呕吐
9.call for对…需要、要求、提倡、去接某人、去拿某物
10.carry away运[搬、带]走、水冲走...、[一般用被动态]使着迷、使陶醉、使神魂颠倒、受感动、使失去自制力、(风暴)刮断...、赢得(奖品等)
11.carry on继续开展、进行下去、经营、处理
12.catch on[口]投合人心、受人欢迎、理解、明白、抓住、流行起来、找到工作
13.come on突然产生、进展、生长、发育、、偶遇、跟着来、开始、出台、(运动员的上场)快点、赶快
14.come up走近、上(楼)来、(从土中)长出、发芽、被提出、流行起来、进城(尤指去伦敦)、上升、抬头、[俗]呕吐、快!(驱使牛、马行走或前进时的吆喝)
15.cut down砍倒, 胜过, 削减, 删节、压缩、缩短
16.cut in插嘴, 插入, 把...插进
17.cut out删掉、停止、戒掉、不吃、(机器)失灵、(自动)关掉、剪下来、剪裁、切除
18.cut through穿过、穿透; 克服; 避开; 不理睬; 剪断、简化
19.cut up切[破]碎、使难过、使痛苦、歼灭(敌兵等)、砍[割]伤、[口] 吹毛求疵
20.direct to指路、针对、把(注意力、精力)贯注在...上
21.fall down跌倒; 倒塌下来、[口]计划不切实际、失信; 没有完成或履行诺言
22.fall over落在...之上、脸朝下跌倒、极力/急于做
23.find out找出, 发现, 查明(真相等), 认识到, 想出, 揭发
24.get across使通过、讲清楚、使人了解
25.get along过日子、过活、相处、进展/步、[口]走开
26.get around走动、克服困难/障碍等、避开(规章等)、传开
27.get away(使)摆脱、(使)离开、无视、对...置之不理、(把某人[物])从...争取[吸引]过来
28.get back for回来、取回
29.get back from从…回来/返回
30.get down to开始认真考虑、着手办理(某事)
31.get in进站、到达、回来、收集[割]、请...来做、加[插]入、进入、(使)陷入、(使)卷入、
32.get off下来、下车、起飞、(动身)离开、不受惩罚、被放过、脱下(衣服)
33.get on with继续(做某事)、与...和睦相处
34.get out of下车、走出、离开、摆脱、从……得到、改掉(习惯)、取[拔、弄]出
35.get over越[爬]过、克服、忍受、复原、痊愈、完成、走完、[口]忘记
36.get through完成、及格、到达、通过、用尽[完]、打通(电话)
37.get together收集、积累、聚集
38.give away背弃、出买、泄露(秘密)、暴露、散掉、给掉、赠送、分送、颁发、放弃、牺牲
39.give in 屈服、投降、退让(to)、交/呈上、宣布、发表
40.give off(散)发出(蒸气、烟)、发散(光线)
41.give out用完、用尽、散[分]发、公布、发表、精疲力竭、失灵
42.give up 放弃、停[中]止、让[交]给、投降、认输、泄气、泄露、说出
43.go by (从...旁)走过, 依照, 顺便走访、时间过去
44.go out出去[国]、(妇女)离家工作、辞职、退职、下台、(灯、炉火)熄灭、不再流行、(衣服样式等)过时、参加社交活动、交际、出版、罢工、失去知觉、入睡
45.go over越[渡]过、走完、转向(to)、改变立场、车(翻倒)、复习、(仔细)检查、审阅、研究
46.go through经历, 经受, 仔细检查, 用完, 被通过,搜查, 履行
47.hand over移交、让与
48.have on穿戴
49.hold on to紧紧抓住(尤指坚持不放)、不放弃、不送掉、不卖出、控制、克制、
Of是英语中使用频率最高的介词,几乎相当于其他介词的两倍(Bloor,T.&Bloor,M.,2001)。Quirk等人(1985)提到,of这个最常见的介词主要作为名词词组的后置定语存在,很多英语学习者一味将其译为“……的……”,使译文晦涩难懂。本文试从功能语法的视角,通过分析of在名词词组中的功能,梳理其在名词词组中体现的深层关系,以及这种深层关系对翻译实践的指导意义。本文只讨论of前后都是名词词组的情况,即功能语法中Head+of+nominal group结构。
1 有关of的研究
Of这个不太起眼的介词并未得到研究者的足够重视,对含of的名词词组翻译的研究不多,很少有研究者从of功能的角度看其所在的名词词组甚至小句的翻译。韩礼德在对功能语法理论的介绍中指出介词相当于次动词(minor verb),介词短语相当于次过程(1994)。汤姆森(1997)基于韩礼德的观点指出,如果介词体现次过程的话,of在大多数用法中最接近关系过程。
根据韩礼德的概念功能理论,概念功能根据活动和事件的性质可分为六种不同的过程:物质过程,心理过程,关系过程,行为过程,言语过程和存在过程。其中关系过程是非常重要的一种,分为归属式和识别式,而这两种又包括三大类:内包型,环境型,所有型。本文试图运用功能语法理论对of做名词词组后置修饰语时的功能进行分析,并把该理论用于大学英语教材中,对此类名词词组在小句中的翻译实践进行指导。
2 Of体现关系过程
根据汤姆森的观点,of短语在名词词组中可以体现不同关系过程:
2.1 所有型关系过程
据韩礼德看来,所有型关系过程是“x has a”型,但学生在翻译此类结构的小句时经常会遇到困难。如:
划线部分是一个含of短语的名词词组,根据of前后成分的关系可改写为一个小句:
(1a)A rural langscape has horses and carts,freezing winters and limited horizons.
本句符合x has a的模式,是一个所有型关系过程。改写后前后名词的关系更加明朗了。但如果直接按“……的……”翻译为“有着马和马车、寒冷的冬天和有限视野的乡村”就会显得晦涩拗口。因此有必要把中心语a rural landscape和介词后面的短语分开翻译,把后面做修饰成分的名词词组翻译成小句。即:
(1b)试想一个英国人,他于1865年出生在一个乡村,那儿人们骑着马,驾着马车,冬日里冰天雪地的,视野很有限。
后面的四个名词词组均可灵活翻译为小句,其中两个体现物质过程“人们骑着马,驾着马车”,两个体现关系过程“冬日里冰天雪地的,视野很有限。”同样:
(2)Childhood is a changing social phenomenon,of continual fascination and concern.(24)
小句中包含了一个名词词组,即划线部分。Of在此句中体现了所有型关系过程:
(2a)A changing social phenomenon has continual fascination and concern.
因此,此句可以直接把of翻译成“有着,具有”。为避免句子过长,可以和前面分译为两个关系小句:
(2b)童年是一种处于变化之中的社会现象,具有持续的吸引力,并且不断受到关注。
可见,of短语在体现所有型关系过程时,of后的修饰成分不一定放在所修饰的中心语前面来翻译,名词词组也可以翻译成体现不同过程的小句。
2.2 内包型关系过程
内包型关系过程指的是“x is a”型,具体又分为归属式和识别式。
该句中划线的名词词组体现了一个内包型识别过程。即:
(3a)The highly prized quality is social competence.
在此句中,the highly prized quality是identified,social competence则为identifier。the quality即social competence。因此,掌握了前后名词
之间的关系后,可以翻译成:
(3b)因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力。
由于指的是同一件事情,无需都并列译出来,译文把quality和social competence进行合并,更加简洁。
下面这则例子则是内包型归属过程:
划线部分中,of体现的是一个归属关系过程。The corporation’s investement in these expensive trips是载体(Carrier),the wisdom则为属性(Attribute)。即:
(4a)The corporation’s investement in these expensive trips is wise.
如果翻译成“公司在这些昂贵旅行上投资的明智性”感觉节奏有些紧张,不如译成关系型小句更符合汉语的表达习惯:
(4b)约翰尼森的上司开始怀疑公司花大笔旅费派人去洽谈是否明智。
因此,在翻译体现内包型识别过程的名词词组时,并列的成分可以有选择地进行取舍,才不重复繁琐。在翻译体现内包型归属过程的名词词组时,可根据上下文,将其译为表关系过程的小句,以符合汉语的表达习惯。
2.3 环境型关系过程
环境型关系过程是“x is at a”模式,包括时间,地点,原因,方式等不同的环境成分。如:
第一个of短语体现了环境型关系过程,表示“关于……”,即“Their studies concerns people with very...”,of是体现过程的次动词。但需注意,of后的名词词组如果翻译成“关于……的研究”势必会使定语过长,不如译成小句“在研究……时”:
(5a)社会人类学家在研究那些跟西方国家持有不同世界观的民族时也表明了这个观点。
其他一些表示时间和地点的名词词组在翻译时的处理要相对简单些,一般可以把of后面表示时间或地点的名词词组放到中心语前面:
(6a)The rose garden is in some local cemetery。
(6b)我们都会变成某个地方公墓玫瑰园里的灰尘,被人践踏。
一些表示原因的环境成分并不能明显地看出来,如:
划线名词词组蕴含了一个表示原因的关系过程。
(7a)A further flurry is caused by attention of the staff.
但在翻译时,是否将这种因果关系译出取决于文章的体裁,有时只需达意即可:
(7b)这又引起店员们的一阵骚动。
以上是of介词短语体现的不同类型的关系过程,以及在翻译时会遇到的问题及处理方法。按照韩礼德的观点,of很多时候都是作为结构标志而存在的,不体现过程。而本文认为,of在以上例子中都体现了过程,在下面情况才是作为名词词组的结构标志。
3 of作为结构标志
当of名词词组中心语是动词派生出的名词或本身包含动词意义时,该名词中心语蕴含了一种过程在里面,尽管不是显性的,of此时是结构标志。这类名词词组在较正式的文体中分布较广。
划线的名词词组中,the prosecution是由动词prosecute派生出来的,可以体现相应的物质过程,即:
(Someone)prosecutes both parents and the factory owner.或
Both parents and the factory owner prosecute(someone).
此时,of只把后面的参与者引入该过程,本身并不体现过程。但这类名词词组会存在歧义,因为仅从字面上不能判断此参与者是施动者(Actor)还是目标(Goal)。因此,在遇到此类小句时,必须根据语境判断of后面名词词组的具体成分。如果译成相应的汉语名词词组的话,似乎别扭拗口,翻译成表相应过程的小句则流畅很多:
(8a)而现在,这会招来社会服务机构的介入,其父母和工厂主会被起诉。
此外,Of作为结构标志还出现在其他名词词组中,在这类词组中,of不做次动词,不体现次过程。
of前面的中心语(Head)并不同时是事物(Thing),of后面的名词才是事物,才是小句中的参与者。搞清楚了of前后成分的关系,自然按照从左到右,先修饰语再事物的方法来译。即使放到小句中,也没有太多变化:
(9a)但那(微笑)蕴藏着多层意义和疑问。
这种结构的名词词组翻译,有时需要“的”字,有时则不需要,多是表示数量或种类,有的已经语法化,成为固定结构了。
4 讨论
含of短语的名词词组及其翻译,从of功能角度来看,可大致分为of作次动词和结构标志两种情况。
第一种情况,of体现的是关系过程。关系过程里又包括所有型、内包型和环境型。在这些不同类型的过程中,含of的名词词组在小句或小句复合体中,一般不能直接译成汉语相应的名词词组,而是根据具体情况采取一些处理策略。比如,在所有型关系过程中,可以把of后面的名词词组,即中心语包含的内容,翻译成相应的小句,单独放在后面;在of体现内包型识别过程的名词词组中,of前后并列的成分可以有选择地进行取舍,才能使翻译不至于重复繁琐等。
第二种情况,of不体现过程,而是结构标志。当名词词组的中心语是由动词派生出的名词或本身有动词意义时,一般将名词词组翻译成相应的小句,过程由名词化前的动词来体现。有一种名词词组表面看起来符合“Head+of+nominal group”结构,但Head与Thing并没有合并到一个词上,而是由of前后不同的词承担。由于Head承担了部分的修饰功能,在翻译时多按照从左到右的顺序,直接译为“……(的)……”,但不能拘泥于形式。
5 总结
本文从系统功能语言学的角度出发,在分析of不同功能的基础上对名词词组的翻译进行指导。名词词组在小句或小句复合体中,一般情况下并不是直接翻译成汉语的名词词组。而是根据其具体情况,进行灵活翻译。本文从功能语法的角度看含of短语的名词词组的翻译,希望能对介词of的理解及这类名词词组的翻译提供一个新的视角。
参考文献
[1]Bloor,T and Bloor,M.The Functional Analysis of English:A Hallidayan Approach[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2001.
[2]Greenall,S and文秋芳.New Standard College English:An Integrated Course[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2009.
[3]Halliday,M.An Introduction to Functional Grammar(2nd edition)[M].London:Arnold,1994.
[4]Quirk,R.et al.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language[M].New York:Longman,1985.
A. blockingB. blocked
C. be blockedD. having blocked
2. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft， the most recent at the end of last March.
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
3. Now that weve discussed our problem， are people happy with the decisions ？
A. takingB. take
C. takenD. to take
4. When about what she thought of the movie， she just said it was worth seeing a second time．
A. askedB. asking
C. being askedD. to be asked
5. In Bangkok severe flooding， many major roads north， towards the areas worst affected by the flooding， were largely impassable．
A. to leadB. leading
C. ledD. to be led
6. Mrs.White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and very worried.
A. lookB. looks
C. lookingD. to look
7. The bathroom looks lovely. Did you decorate it yourself or get someone it？
A. be doingB. done
C. doD. to do
8. with a gradual rise of seawater， some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.
A. FacingB. To face
C. FacedD. Being faced
9. A terrible air crash happened over the Atlantic Ocean， 150 passengers.
A. killingB. having killed
C. killedD. to kill
10. the danger of drunk driving，many drivers promised never to drive after drinking.
A. RealizingB. To have realized
C. RealizedD. Having realized
11. Everyone had a form in his hand， but no one knew which office .
A.to have it sentB. to sent it
C. to be sent toD. to send it to
12. 2011 in China， the number of students to study art is rising a lot．
A. Compared with; choosing
B. Comparing to; choose
C. Comparing with; chosen
D. Compared to; chosen
13. Though money， his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lackedB. lacking of
C. lackingD. lacked in
14. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ．
A. 20 dollars remained
B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars
D. remaining 20 dollars
15. —It will take us 15 hours Weihai by bus．
—Why not try a ship？ Its quicker by water than by road．
A. to go to; to takeB. going to; taking
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C. to go to; takingD. going to; to take
16. Though the policemen got after looking for the murder in the city for a whole day， they felt excited when finding the knife by the lake．
A. exhausting; abandoning
B. exhausted; abandoned
C. exhausted; abandoning
D. exhausting; abandoned
17. My father used to coffee in the morning， but now he is used to tea—he thinks its healthier.
A. drink; drinkB. drinking; drinking
C. drink; drinkingD. drinking; drink
18. make any mistakes in the exam. I went over what I had learnt again and again.
A. In order toB. So as to not
C. So as toD. In order not to
19. Mr. Smith， in the factory for thirty years， is on the way back to his village．
A. to workB. working
C. to have workedD. having worked
20. —How about something to eat？
—Id rather a drink. I am really thirsty．
A. have; havingB. having; have
C. have; to haveD. having; to have
1、I“m busy enough doing my homework.我做作业已经很忙了。
2、Please take the book to the right position.请将书放在正确的位置。
3、I won”t go to bed until my mom comes back.在妈妈回来之前我是不会去睡觉的。
4、It“s time for class.该上课了。
5、It”s time to get up.该起床了。
6、She always complain about her noisy sister.她总是抱怨她吵闹的妹妹。
7、I fit 3 hours into my study .我给我的`学习安排三小时的时间。
8.He tried to do his homework as much as possible.他努力地做尽可能多的作业。
9.He often put himself under pressure.他总是使自己有很大的压力。
10.She enjoys to take part in the party.她喜欢参加聚会。
11.The theef was seen steeling money.小偷被看到正在偷钱。
12.Please send the letter to him.请把这封信给他
13.There are all kinds of cloths in the shop,商店里有各种各样的衣服。
14.Compared with Beijing,the history of Qingdao is much shorter.与北京的历史相比，青岛的历史要短很多。
15.He found it"s hard to catch up her.他发现很难赶上她。
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理为：
一、动词+介词
1．look at…看…，look like … 看上去像……，look after …照料… 2．listen to…听…… 3．welcome to…欢迎到…… 4．say hello to …向……问好
5．speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如：
This is my new bike.Please look it after.(×)This is my new bike.Please look after it.(√)
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：
A．动词（vt.）+副词
1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下 3．write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较：
First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down.(√)First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)B．动词（vi）+副词。
1．come on赶快 2．get up起床 3．go home回家 4．come in进来 5．sit down坐下 6．stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10.play games.介词短语聚焦
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如：in English，in the hat 2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。
3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。
4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5．in the tree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如：There are some in the tree.There are many apples on the trees.6．in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。如：There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.7．at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。
8．at + 时刻表示钟点。如：at six, at half , past ten.9．like this/that表示方式，意为“像……这/那样”。
10．of短语表示所属关系。如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China.11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.12．from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从……”，后者意为“到……”。如：from one to ten,(go)to school/ bed/ work.另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
重点句型大回放
1．I think…意为“我认为……”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…，如：I think he’s Mr Zhinag.(L17)I don’t think you are right.2．give sth.to sb./ give sb.sth.意为“把……给……”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb.如：
His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him.Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)
3．take sb./ sth.to…意为“把……(送)带到……”，后常接地点，也可接人。如：
Please take the new books to the classroom.4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……；另一个是……”，必须是两者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red， the other is grey.5．Let sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Don’t let sb，do sth.，或Let sb.not do sth.另外，Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，如：Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.6．help sb.(to)do sth./help sb.with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.7．What about…？/How about…？意为“……怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess?
8．It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth.意为“该做……的时间了”，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如：It’s time to have supper.=It’s time for supper.9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house.(L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较：
Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.10．ask sb.(not)to do sth.意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，如：
Ask your friends to guess what is in it.(L44)
11．show sb.sth./ show sth.to do.意为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前面第2点。如：
M1
1.behind the tree 在树后面2.on your left 在你左边3.on your right 在你右边 4.be lost 迷
路 5.excuse me 打扰一下 6.turn left 向左转 7..turn right 向右转 8.go straight on 直走
9.next to 挨着 10.beside the cinema 在电影院旁边 11Thank you so much 非常感谢
12.You`re welcome.不客气 13.up the hill 上山14.down the hill 下山15.near the house 在房子附近16.at the station 在车站
M2
1.look at 看…2.these pictures 这些照片3.my friend 我的朋友 4.take pictures 照相，拍照
5.watch TV 看电视6.play with 和。。玩7.a toy train 一辆玩具火车 8.read a book 看书
9.fly a kite放风筝10.ride a bike 骑自行车11.listen to music 听音乐12.talk to my
friend 和我的朋友交谈 13.a book about China 一本关于中国的书M3
1.get on 上车 2.lots of 许多，大量 3.in the park 在公园里4.do taijiquan 打太极拳 5.on the
lake 在湖上 6.row a dragon boat 划龙舟 7.play chess 下棋8.draw pictures 画画
M4
1.juice with ice 带冰的果汁 2.fast food 快餐3.make noodles 做面条 4.noodles with tomato
and egg 带有西红柿和鸡蛋的面5.noodles with meat and potato 带有肉和土豆的面6.how
much 多少钱 7.make dumplings 包饺子 8.Here you are.给你
M5
1.in the sky 在空中2.run fast 跑得快 3.jump high 跳得高 4.jump far 跳得远 5.play
football 踢足球6.play basketball 打篮球
M6.1.have some soup 喝些汤2.have some sweets 吃些糖3.have some bread 吃些面包
4.turn on 打开5.come in 进来
M7
1.ride the horse 骑马2.have a look 看一看3.climb a tree 爬树4.a girl under the tree 树
下的女孩5.on the bike 自行车上6.in the photo 在照片里
M8
1.visit the zoo 参观动物园 2.be going to 将要。。3.by plane 乘飞机4.get up 起床5.be
from = come from 来自6.in the sea 在海里
M9
1.sports day 运动日2.every day 每天3.high jump 跳高4.long jump 跳远 5.how about
=what about …怎么样
M10
A. killedB. killing
C. being killedD. from killing
2. There are lots of games， the Olympic Games are the greatest.
A. whichB. that
C. of whichD. of that
3. Nothing can planes in speed and comfort.
A. equalB. equal to
C. match withD. compare to
4. When you drive along this street， you should be careful， for the street corner has many car accidents.
A. metB. asked for
C. hadD. seen
5. Mrs. Smith rewarded the boy $ 10 bringing back the lost dog.
A. at； ofB. with； for
C. for； withD. for； for
1. C escape后接doing，由句意知，应是被动。
2. C 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词是games，而the Olympic Games是其中的一种，故用of which引导定语从句，表示所属关系，选C。非限制性定语从句不用that引导，排除B、D两项；从句主语与先行词之间表所属关系，用of which，排除A。
3. A equal用作动词，意思是“比得上”。
4. D 考查see的用法。本题题意：在这条街上开车要小心，因为街道拐角那里发生过多次车祸。有些动词，如see， find等，可以用地点或时间作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。
例题：医生挨家挨户上门巡访，省去了许多老年人去医院的麻烦.(save)
Doctors’ door-to-door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.
2. 爱不释手
can’t bear standing part with/putting it down /leaving it aside
例题：这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。(so…that)
The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back ,aside )/ leaving it aside .
3. 安于现状
be satisfied with reality/ present situation
例题：我们高中生应该有远大的志向，不应该只满足于现状。(satisfy)
We senior high students should have great ambition and (should) not be satisfied with reality/present situation.
4. 摆脱烦恼
get rid of/ to be free from worries
例题：得知他心情不好，我建议他与朋友聊聊天，以去除烦恼。(suggest)
Knowing (that) he is in a bad mood, I suggest his chatting with friends to get rid of /to be free from worries.
5. 彼此埋怨be to blame each other
例题：遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是相互帮助。(not…but)
When (we are) in difficulty / When we meet with difficulties, what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other.
6. 别无选择have no choice but to do
例题：当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。(choice)
At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist/traveler (for help).
7. 不得而知remain unknown
例题：玛丽是否参加这次英语晚会尚不得而知。(remain)
It remains unknown whether Mary will attend the English Evening.
8. 不辞而别 leave without saying good-bye
例题：我们对他的不辞而别感到很惊讶。(without)
We were greatly surprised that he has left without saying goodbye.
9. 不可估量beyond measure
例题：尽管付出的努力不可估量，但那些偏远山城都已通车，这让全国人民感到无比自豪。(accessible)
Although the efforts made are beyond measure, those remote mountainous cities have been accessible to cars, which makes all the Chinese people / the whole nation feel very proud/full of pride.
10. 不甚感激appreciate it very much
例题：如果你一收到消息就能给我答复的话，我将不胜感激。(the moment)
I would appreciate it very much if you could reply to me/give me a reply the moment you receive the message.
11. 不懈努力great effort
例题：尽管各国政府已做出了不懈的努力，但要应对日益严重的全球性气候变暖问题还需制定更有效的措施。(despite)
Despite the great effort made by governments, more effective measures should be made to deal with the ever worsening problem of global warming.
12. 不假思索 without hesitation
例题：吉姆不假思索地回答了老师的问题。(hesitation)
Jim answered his teacher’s question(s) without (any) hesitation. Jim answered the question(s) asked by his teacher with no hesitation.
13. 不尽如人意be far from satisfactory
例题：这个地区的经济发展得很快，可使某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality)
The economy of this area develops very fast but some citizens’ qualities are far from satisfactory.
14. 不容忽视should not be ignored/ neglected
例题：这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。(realize)
This accident made us realize that safety problems should not be ignored.
例题：防火意识不容忽视，不然的话会对生命和财产造成不可估量的损失。(neglect)
(The sense of) Fire protection should not be neglected (We should not neglect fire protection), or great damage might be caused to the lives and property.
15. 不知所措be/ feel at a loss
例题：网络在我们日常生活中起了举足轻重的作用，以至于当不能上网时人们感到无所适从。(loss)
Internet plays such an important role in our daily life that people feel at a loss when they can’t go online/ surf the Internet/ don’t have access to the Internet.
例题：消费者对冷冻食品失去信心的事实令生产厂家一筹莫展。(loss)
The fact that consumers have lost confidence in frozen food makes the manufacturers at a loss.
16. 彻夜未眠
didn’t fall asleep last night/ be awake all night
例题：只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。(keep)
Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night.
例题：昨晚听到他喜欢的足球获胜的消息，他兴奋得彻夜未眠。(too…to…)
Hearing the news that his favorite team won the match, he was too excited to fall asleep last night.
17. 催人泪下people are moved to tears
例题：昨晚残疾人的演出非常成功，让观众们感动得流下了眼泪。(so…that…)
The performance put up by the disabled/ The disabled people’s performance last night was so successful that many people were moved to tears.
18. 寸步难行can do nothing without
例题：电脑已触及到每个人的日常生活，难怪有人说当今世界不懂电脑，就寸步难行。(no wonder)
The computer has touched on everyone’s daily life. No wonder someone says that you can do nothing without the knowledge of computer / its knowledge.
19. 大为惊叹be greatly amazed/ impressed
例题：这些十八世纪的油画保存得这样好, 使参观者大为惊叹。(so …that)
These eighteenth-century oil paintings have been/are preserved so well that the visitors are greatly amazed/ impressed.
20. 放任自流let him be
例题：父母经常面对这样的选择：要么做他们认为有利于孩子发展的事情，要么对其放任自流。(either)
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