经典英语笑话（精选8篇）
标题：布什：我眼中的美国[名人名言]
President Bush delivers his preference for US-style values at Tsinghua University, but emphasizes Washington's hope for better relations with Beijing.President Bush, perhaps taking a leaf from<注1> his wife's gift for teaching, delivered a primer<注2> on the America he knows to Chinese university students, telling them that “in a free society, diversity is not disorder.Debate is not strife, and dissent is not revolution.”
Speaking before an audience of 240 Tsinghua University students in the school's main auditorium,<注3> the president said, “Life in America shows that liberty, paired with<注4> law, is not to be feared....A free society trusts its citizens to seek greatness in themselves and their country.”
At the end of his remarks, the president fielded<注5> questions for 20 minutes with the young audience, clearly enjoying the exchange.When one young woman asked why he wouldn't like his daughters, Jenna and Barbara, to come to China and attend this historic university, Bush told them: “I'm afraid they don't listen to me anymore, if you know what I mean.” He said the Chinese youngsters certainly have an amazing country and he thought his daughters should visit it.The president told the students he was speaking on the 30th anniversary of President Richard Nixon's trip to China that changed the two countries' relationship.Nixon's visit was a trip designed to “end decades of estrangement and confront centuries of suspicion.”<注6> During the years since, “America and China have exchanged many handshakes of friendship and commerce.”“In fact, Americans feel a special responsibility for the poor and the weak.Our government spends billions of dollars to provide health care and food and housing for those who cannot help themselves...Many of our citizens contribute their own money and time to help those in need.”
Bush said his “country certainly has its share of problems and faults.Like most nations, we're on a long journey toward achieving our own ideals of equality and justice.Yet there is a reason our nation shines as a beacon<注7> of hope and opportunity, a reason many throughout the world dream of coming to America.”We are a free nation, where men and women have the opportunity to achieve their dreams.No matter your background or circumstance of birth, in America you can get a good education, start a business, raise a family, worship freely and help elect the leaders of your community and country.You can support the policies of our government, or you are free to openly disagree with them.Those who fear freedom sometimes argue it could lead to chaos, but it does not, because freedom means more than every man for himself.“
翻译要讲究“忠实、通顺”, 讲究“归化、异化”, 讲究“功能对等”。下面10则笑话为笔者所译。现一并呈请读者欣赏, 也可以考虑在适当的时候用于教学。
1. A professor tapped on his desk and shouted:
“Gentlemen, order!”
The entire class yelled:“Beer!”
教授敲着讲桌, 叫道:“先生们, 轻 (请) 点!”
全班同学高喊道:“啤酒!”
2. Teacher: (to a new boy) What’s your name, my little fellow?
New boy:Albert Aries.
Teacher:Always say“Sir”please, when you are speaking to a master.It is more polite.
New boy: (apologetically) Sir Albert Aries.
老师: (对一位新来的男生说) 叫什么名字啊, 小家伙?
新生:阿尔伯特·阿瑞斯。
老师:跟老师讲话时要说“先生”, 这样比较有礼貌。
新生: (带歉意地) 阿尔伯特·阿瑞斯“先生”。
3. Teacher:What is the sentence mostly used by students?
Tom:I don’t know.
Teacher:That’s it!
老师:学生使用最多的句子是什么?
汤姆:不知道。
老师:就是这句话。
4. Boy of six:Daddy, when I grow up, I want to be an Arctic explorer.
Father:That’s fine, Bill.
Boy:But I want to go into training at once.
Father:How so?
Boy:Well, I want a dollar a day for ice cream, so I will get used to the cold.
六岁男孩:老爸, 我长大了想当北极探险家。
父亲:那好啊, 比尔。
男孩:可我想马上开始锻炼。
父亲:怎么个锻炼法?
男孩:哦, 我想每天要一块钱买冰淇淋吃, 那我就不会怕冷了。
5. A couple walking in the park noticed a youngman and woman sitting on a bench, passionately kissing.
“Why don’t you do that?”said the wife.
“Honey, ”replied her husband, “I don’t even know that woman!”
一对夫妇在公园里散步, 看见一对青年男女坐在长凳上热吻。
“你为什么不吻呢?”妻子说。
“亲爱的, ”她丈夫回答说:“那女的我根本就不认识啊!”
6. Son:Dad, is French difficult to learn?
Father:My boy, at the beginning it is, but after that it becomes easy.
Son:That’s great!I’ll learn the latter half.
儿子:老爸, 法语难学吗?
父亲:孩子啊, 前面是难, 可后面就变得容易啦。
儿子:好极了!我学后半部分。
7.“I shall have to give you ten days or$20, ”said the judge.
“I’ll take the 20 dollars, judge, ”said the prisoner.
“我要给你10天监禁, 或者20美元罚款。”法官说。
“我要20美元, 法官。”犯人说。
8. Teacher:What’s an abstract noun, Jane?
Jane:I don’t know, madam.
Teacher:What, you don’t know!Well, it’s the name of a thing which you can think of but cannot touch.Now, give me an example.
Jane:A red-hot poker, madam.
老师:什么是抽象名词, 珍妮?
珍妮:我不知道, 老师。
老师:什么, 你不知道!好吧, 抽象名词就是可以想象但不能触摸的东西的名称。现在给我举个例子。
珍妮:老师, 烧得通红的拨火棍。
9.One evening I drove my husband’s car to the shopping mall.On my return, I noticed how dusty the outside of his car was and cleared it up a bit.When I finally entered the house, I called out, “The woman who loves you the most in the world just cleaned your headlights and windshield.”
My husband looked up and said:“Mom’s here?”
一天晚上我开着丈夫的车去商场, 回来发现车身满是灰尘, 便清理了一下。最后走进屋子的时候, 我大声喊道:“世界上最爱你的女人刚把你的汽车的前灯和挡风玻璃擦干净了。”
我丈夫抬头看了看, 问:“妈来了?”
10.Mrs.White asked Mr.White:“Is this suit beautiful?”
Mr.White answered:“Whatever you wear is beautiful.”
“How about the necklace?”
“Any necklace around your neck is nice.”
“Do you think my husband handsome?”
“Darling, no matter which man stands beside you, he is handsome.”
怀特太太问怀特先生:“这套衣服漂亮吗?”
怀特先生回答说:“穿在你身上的都漂亮。”
“这条项链呢?”
“戴在你脖子上的项链都好看。”
“你说我丈夫英俊吗?”
“亲爱的, 无论哪个男人站在你身边, 他都英俊。”
× I think I can’t.
√ I don’t think I can.
Note: 这一是个习惯用法,在语法上称为否定前置。就是汉语里面说“我想我不会”的时候,英语里面总是说“我不认为我会”。以后在说类似的英语句子的时候,可要多加注意哦。
2. 这个价格对我挺合适的。
× The price is very suitable for me.
√ The price is right.
Note: suitable最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上,如:The following programme is not suitable for children.(下列节目儿童不宜。)
3. 明天我有事情要做。
× I have something to do tomorrow.
√ Sorry but I am tied up tomorrow.
Note: 用I have something to do来表示你很忙,这也往往是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做,躺在那里睡大觉也是事情。所以你可以说:“我很忙,脱不开身。”I’m tied up. 还有其他的说法:I think I can’t make it at that time. / I’d love to, but I can’t, I have to stay at home.
4. 我的英语很糟糕。
× My English is poor.
√ I am not 100% fluent, but at least I am improving.
Note: 有人开玩笑说,全中国人最擅长的一句英文是:My English is poor. 却极少听到会有美国人对咱们说:My Chinese is poor. 无论他们的汉语是好是坏,他们会说: I am still having a few problem, but I getting better. 当你告诉外国人,你的英语很poor时,so what? 是要让别人当场施舍给我们一些英语呢,还是说我的英语不好,咱们别谈了吧。
一边不停地学英语,一边不停地说自己的英语很poor, 这正像有人一边给车胎充气,另一边在车胎上扎孔。
你可以实事求事地说,我的英语还不算十分流利,但至少我在进步。
5. 我没有男朋友。
× I have no boyfriend.
√ I don’t have a boyfriend.
Represented by Lucia Teacing Objective Words: Tiger ,duck ,fish ,elephant ,monkey ,dog ,snake,giraffe Review 7 colors Setences: What can you see from the picture? I can see….What color is it? It is blue ,orange…
Ice breaking:---Introduction
Hi,nice to meet you.My name is Lucia,what is your name?How old are you?Do you like English?great!---English song Now let’s learn an English song Sandy go round the sun , sandy go round the moon , sandy go round the chimney top , every afternoon Teaching Part:
1)课文讲解
what can you see from the picture
I can see a tiger,I can see a duck ,I can see a snake
What can you see from the room I can a teacher ,I can see a student ,I can see a schoolbag ,I can see a pencil ….What color is it? It is blue…
today is very difficult, tomorrow is much more difficult, but the day after tomorrow is beautiful.——jack ma 17:00 we are at the best time of the world.most people say to me “there is no opportunity, all the opportunities are gone by 阿里巴巴,by google, by facebook, by you.we have no chance.to me, i think this world is full of opportunities.when microsoft is there, people say oh my god, microsoft is the top, then came the yahoo, when yahoo is there, yahoo is the top，the facebook.every generation , every time, there is a opportunity.i have one belief ten years later in peru there will be more rich people than today.ten years later there will be more successful business in peru than today.opportunities.today the opportunity is the internet.today the opportunity is the globalizations and today the opportunity is the financial crisis.every crisis means something.i king said i have a dream----plan is beautiful.today we have the united states the president obama is bright and i tell you: small is beautiful.ten years later small business will be the real leader of the global economy.and i strongly believe that this is what our business focused on.and i again and again told the team: 阿里巴巴 is of small business, by the small business and for the small business.because we believe small business are the future.last century because of warm and model all the business you should have large scale, large size, large amount of the resources to be concerned.2012第十一届中国互联网大会大会介绍大会议程及主题参会人物两点&看点历届回顾
this world people start to use the individual, unique and flexible.and i strongly believe that, let us focus on small.small really makes you been.small business while the size is small but we have big dreams.the next thing is that never ever forget and give up your dreams.i know most people here like me small business will face a lot of challenges and a lot of opportunities.but never ever forget your first day love.that is the beautiful.do not change if there are nine rabbits on the ground.do not change yourself.do not change the rabbits.catch one rabbit.and i would like to give the suggestion is that when doing business, not think about today, and think about ten years later.do business you always think about what is going to happen ten years later, five years later instead of the next day.if you think about the next day, you will always be disappointed.and today i still have a dream, i think about ten years later what 阿里巴巴 can do.on our ten years anniversary, i told the twenty thousand employees of 阿里巴巴, we will build a platform that can help ten million assamese around the world to survive.we want to create a hundred million jobs for the world.we want to make one billion people consume online.this is the篇二：最新马云在斯坦福大学演讲中英文对照
以下为马云在斯坦福大学演讲全文：
马云：大家好。我今天感到非常荣幸能来到这里和大家见面。大约几个月前，斯坦福邀请我来演讲。我没有意料到。很多人说因为所有关于雅虎，阿里巴巴，和许多其他的新闻，这个时间点来这里演讲是非常的敏感。但是既然我做了一个承诺，我还是来了。今天如果你有任何问题要问我，我都会一一回答。
the following is the ma at stanford university speech: ma : hello everyone.today i feel very honored to be here to meet you.about a few months ago , stanford invited me to lecture.i did not expect.many people say that because of all about yahoo , alibaba, and many other news, this time to speak here is very sensitive.but since i made a promise that i came.today, if you have any questions to ask me, i will be to answer every qestions.今天是我来美国的第15天，而且我打算在这里待上一年。这个计划没有人知道。甚至我的公司也不知道。大家问我为什么要来这里。要打算作收购雅虎的准备吗？不，大家都太敏感了。我来这里是因为我累了。过去16年来太累了。我在1994年开创我的事业，发现了互联网，并为之疯狂，然后放弃了我的教师工作。那时候我觉得自己就像是蒙了眼睛骑在盲虎背上似的，一路摔摔打打，但依然奋斗着、生存着。在政府机关工作了16个月之后，1999年建立了阿里巴巴。
i came to the united states today is the first 15 days , and i was too tired.in 1994 i created my career, discovered the internet, and crazy, and then gave up my teaching job.at that time i felt like a mongolian eyes like riding on the back of the tiger blind , all the way to throw beat fight, but still struggle, survive.work for the government for 16 months after the 1999 establishment of ali baba.我们还幸运地拥有着淘宝网，支付宝，阿里云和集团下其他的公司。所以，建立阿里巴巴12年后的今天，我决定需要休息一段时间。尤其今年的挑战实在是太艰辛了，这也是我没有意料到的。中国人说每12年是一个本命年。阿里巴巴今年在中国刚好是第12年，也遇上了许多棘手的问题，好比今年初因为供应商欺诈事件导致首席执行官辞职，还有vie的问题，虽然我到现在仍然不知道什么是vie，以及把淘宝分成四个公司的决策。所以，忙完所有这些事情之后我累了。我告诉自己，为什么不花个一年好好休息。尤其明年是我个人的本命年，肯定会比今年更辛苦。我想要花多一点时间好好准备，迎接明年更艰苦更困难的挑战。我需要好好休息才能为3到4年后的挑战做好准备。这三年如果事情出了错，大家可以批评淘宝，阿里巴巴或阿
里云的首席执行官。但是三年后，如果事情出了错，那就是我的错。所以我准备在美国花上一段时间好好思考和放松。前两天，我开始再次练习起高尔夫球，好好放松。所以，来美国的目的真的不像是大家揣测的这么复杂。
particular, this years challenge is too difficult , and this is what i did not expect to.chinese people say that every 12 years is an animal year.alibaba in china this year happens to be the first 12 years, have encountered many difficult issues , such as suppliers of fraud earlier this year because of events leading to the resignation of fault.so im going to spend some time in the united states ponder and relax.two days ago, i started practicing again from golf to wealthy father , nor very powerful uncles , do not want to have the chance of success.i remember in 1999 came to silicon valley looking for funding , with many venture capitalists approached , growth will occur in china.then i founded alibaba, 12 years have passed , and today made a lot of achievements.but before that , no one believes b2b able development in china.at that time the 马云经典演讲稿
阿里巴巴需要我的时候越来越少，但我需要阿里巴巴还是那样多。
没有人能够伟大到独自建立一个像阿里巴巴这样的企业，是团队和制度使公司能够不断发展，而不是个人，文化是把伟大的人团结起来的红线。
就像我一直说的，我不是公司的英雄。如果我看起来像，那是因为我们的团队造就了我，不是我造就了团队。阿里巴巴最宝贵的财富是我们的员工，他们是我们的一切。——马云2001年回答网友提问
创业初期，不仅需要公司英雄，更需要团队英雄。最好是唐僧团队
中国人认为最好的团队是“刘、关、张”的团队，还有赵子龙、诸葛亮，这样的团队真是“千年等一回”。
我们认为世界上最好的团队是唐僧团队。唐僧是领导，也是最无为的一个，唐僧迂腐得只知道“获取真经”才是最后的目的，孙悟空脾气暴躁却有通天的本领，猪八戒好吃懒做但情趣多多，沙和尚中中庸庸但是任劳任怨挑着担子，这样的团队无疑比“一个唐僧三个孙悟空”的团队更能够精诚合作、同舟共济。
这就是团队的精神，有了猪八戒才有了乐趣，有了沙和尚就有人担担子，少了谁也不可以，互补，相互支撑，关键时也会吵架，但价值观不变。我们要把公司做大、做好。阿里巴巴就是这样的团队，在互联网低潮的时候，所有的人都往外跑，但我们是流失率最低的。——马云2001年在厦门会员见面会上的演讲
我认为公司里最大的财富是老员工，我的coo，25年前从伦敦商学院毕业，在通用电气工作了16年，在btr工作了6年，他的经验告诉我们，mba必须和现实结合，必须有实践经验才能获得成功。
mba不是职业经理人，我本人对职业经理人这个提法有很多很多的看法，包括我现在请来的职业经理人，他们也认为我们不需要经理人。
（一）张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever met.… the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/ heard/ had/英语写作经典句型
（二）Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。
Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
Nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than to + do sth.英语写作经典句型
（三）例句：
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.… cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。
英语写作经典句型
（四）例句：
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.There is no denying that + S + V...不可否认的...英语写作经典句型
（五）例句：全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.It is universally acknowledged + that 从句全世界都知道...英语写作经典句型
（六）例句：
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.There is no doubt + that 从句毫无疑问的...英语写作经典句型
（七）例句：
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create(produce)any pollution.An advantage of … is + that 从句...的优点是...英语写作经典句型
（八）例句：
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.The reason why + 从句 is + that 从句...的原因是...英语写作经典句型
（九）例句：
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.So + adj.+ be + 主语 + that 从句如此...以致于...英语写作经典句型
（十）例句：
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不
英语写作经典句型
（十一）例句：
By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。By +doing,… can …借着...，..能够..英语写作经典句型
（十二）例句：
Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
… enable + Object（受词）+ to + V...使..能够..英语写作经典句型
（十三）例句：
The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。英语写作经典句型
（十四）例句：
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。On no account can we + V …我们绝对不能...英语写作经典句型
（十五）例句：
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.It is time + S + 过去式该是...的时候了
英语写作经典句型（十六）例句：
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.Those who …...的人...英语写作经典句型（十七）例句：
There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。
There is no one but …没有人不...英语写作经典句型（十八）例句：
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.be + forced/ compelled/ obliged + to do不得不…
英语写作经典句型（十九）
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.英语写作经典句型（二十）
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.英语写作经典句型（二十一）
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.It is conceivable + that 从句（可想而知的）It is obvious + that（明显的）It is apparent + that 从句（显然的）
英语写作经典句型（二十二）
夏天很炙热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don’t like it.That is the reason why … 那就是...的原因
英语写作经典句型（二十三）例句：
帮助别人是值得的It pays to help others.It pays to do sth....是值得的。
英语写作经典句型（二十四）例句：
The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
be based on 以...为基础
英语写作经典句型（二十五）例句：
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力的英语写作经典句型（二十六）
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
We should bring home to people the value of working hard.bring home to + 人 + 事 让...明白...事
英语写作经典句型（二十七）
做运动与健康息息相关。
Taking exercise is closely related to health.be closely related to …与...息息相关
英语写作经典句型（二十八）
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.get into the habit of doing = make it a rule to do养成...的习惯
英语写作经典句型（二十九）
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.Due to / Owing to / Thanks to sth./ doing因为...英语写作经典句型（三十）例句：
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
英语写作经典句型（三十一）例句：
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.leave much to be desired令人不满意
英语写作经典句型（三十二）例句：
Smoking has a great influence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
have a great influence on …对...有很大的影响
英语写作经典句型（三十三）例句：
读书对心灵有益。Reading does good to our mind.工作过度对健康有害。Overwork does harm to health.do good to 对...有益do harm to 对...有害
英语写作经典句型（三十四）例句：
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.pose a great threat to …对...造成一大威胁
英语写作经典句型（三十五）
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.do one’s utmost to do = do one’s best to do尽全力去...15.假如你是李华，针对目前有些中学生购买彩票的现象，给21st Century 报社编辑写信，并谈谈自己的看法，其中包括以下要点：
①．弊远大于利；②．中学生没有经济来源，容易诱发一些不良行为；
③．从当前说，会影响学习；④．从长远看，会养成事事走捷径的侥幸心理，其危害将影响其一生。注意:（1）信的开头和结尾已经给出；
（2）必须包括以上要点，可适当发挥，但不要逐句翻译；
（3）字数100左右，不包括开头、结尾。
Dear editor,At present, many high school students are addicted to buying lottery tickets and they seem to have good reasons.However, I’d like to talk about my views on the phenomenon.In my opinion, its disadvantages are far more than its advantages, despite one of their reasons that they can do something useful for society in this way.High school students can’t support themselves financially but depend on their parents for the moment.Thus, in order to collect money with which to buy lottery tickets, they may try every possible means, even commit crimes.In addition, if they put their minds on lottery tickets, their lessons will be more or less affected.And in the long run, lottery ticket purchasing may contribute to their wrong understanding that there must be a shortcut to every destination, which will surely do great harm to their future life.Therefore, I think it is necessary for them to keep away from lottery stations and concentrate on their studies for now.Yours,Li Hua
11.假定你是某市居民，名叫李华。你觉得该市出租车行业问题较多，请写一封信给该市市长，内容应包括：
问题:(1)停靠点太少，不易打的;(2)欺诈外地乘客;(3)车速过快，事故频频;
(4)仍有拒载者;(5)深夜聚集在娱乐场所外等客时制造噪音，影响他人休息。
建议: 要求加强管理
注意：1.字数100词左右。文章开头已给出。2.参考词汇：绕道：take a roundabout route 不替别人着想的：inconsiderate(adj.)行业：trade加强管理：tighten control over… Dear Mayor,I’m a resident of the city.I feel there are many problems existing in the trade of taxi in our city.First of all, there are still not enough stops in the streets so it’s not easy to take a taxi.And taxis often run very fast, which causes many traffic accidents.What’s more, some taxi drivers still refuse to pick up some passengers without any reason.Another terrible thing which often happens is that deep at night taxis waiting around the entertainment places make much noise.Many people suffer from this inconsiderate action.A friend of mine living in another city once visited me, and she told me our city’s taxi drivers cheated her by taking a roundabout route.What will a guest think of our city after such a bad experience?
I think we must take actions to tighten control over the taxi trade.Maybe the first thing to do is raise the taxi drivers’ professional morality.We are looking forward to your reply.Sincerely yours,Li Hua
9.假如你叫李平，是一位成绩优秀的学生，你班班主任在安排座位时，让成绩好的学生和成绩差的学生作同桌，这在你们班成绩优秀的学生中引起了反响，团队课上大家就此进行了讨论。现在请你根据下表把讨论结果向班主任写一封信反映一下，并说出自己的观点。赞同你的观点：
1．人人有长处和不足，成绩差的学生也有可取之处；2．相互学习，建立友谊；
3．通过帮助学习差的学生的学习从而使他们建立自信。
反对你的观点：
1．部分学习差的学生常常违反校规校纪，担心自己会受影响，养成坏习惯。
2．老是问问题，使自己不能专心学习。？
注意：2．短文需包括表中所有要点，内容可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
3．参考词汇：成绩差的学生：a slower student
英语中的lyrics就是歌词的意思, 在英语中的本义是抒情诗。歌词是一首歌曲重要的组成部分, 它决定歌曲的内容, 而且影响歌曲的主题。歌词是一种凝炼的听觉艺术, 具有独特的语言艺术形式, 且内容精简、意象鲜明、节奏感强、旋律优美, 其似于诗, 却胜于诗 (邹素, 2008) [1]。同时, 由于受篇幅的影响, 歌词往往言简意赅, 词汇短小、句法简单、语义显明、组织清晰、表现手法多样 (罗天伟, 1999) [2]。由此可见, 一个意境深远、深入浅出的人人都能理解的歌词为歌曲的传播奠定了坚实的基础。为了吸引大众注意力, 引起共鸣, 触及大众内心的情感, 词作者不仅会斟酌词汇、句法的选择, 还会灵活自如地运用各种修辞手法, 包括比喻、押韵、重复、反问等, 特别是押韵的使用配合悠扬的曲调可以使歌词便于记忆、容易传唱、朗朗上口。这样, 歌曲不仅有机会蹿红, 受大众喜欢, 而且会经久不衰。
2. 押韵在歌词中的运用
英语中rhyme的押韵起源于拉丁语[3], 传至英国后, 广泛用于诗歌、民谣、儿歌、格言、谚语及打油诗中。“韵”首先是一种重复方式, 包括身体动作的重复和相应的语音重复。它就是由人类发音器官本能的节奏化运动而产生的, 它作为先验音乐形式的基本要素 (沈亚丹, 2001) [4]。押韵是使押韵词富于乐音联想的重要手段[5]。一般说来, 英语的押韵具有三个功能, 押韵引起声音回荡, 这是美的满足的源泉。声音的本身、声音、韵律和节奏的一致中有一种欢娱;有一种人类常有的激情搏动。其次, 押韵协助韵文的具体建构。它有助于布局韵文, 同时能开启和推动意识。最后, 押韵也更利于对韵文的记忆[6] (J.A.Cuddon, 1979:573) 。从上可以看出, 押韵的运用对歌词有着非常重要的作用。押韵一般有头韵、半谐音和尾韵。
本研究重在从英语歌词中的押韵着手, 在前人对押韵及其对英语歌曲研究的基础上, 探析英语歌曲歌词中的押韵及其体现的美感, 可以让听众更好地了解歌曲中的节奏变化, 更深刻地揣摩歌曲所要表达的内心情感, 以使音乐欣赏者更好地欣赏音乐的音韵修辞美和理解音乐者所要表达的主旨。
2.1 头韵
头韵是押韵中的一种, alliteration这个词来自拉丁语lettera, 意思是:repeating and playing upon the same letter (重复使用同一个字母) 。《韦氏新大学辞典》 (第九版) 对“头韵”的定义是两个以上邻近的词中或音节中, 通常为起首辅音的重复, 是一种十分常见的反复类音韵修辞格[7]。头韵最先起源于古代的诗歌, 后来广泛用于其它不同的各种文体, 如散文、演讲、广告、歌曲等。
英语中的头韵与汉语中的双声颇为相似, 但又不尽相同。从结构上看, 它比双声更灵活, 形式也更加多样化[9]。如《斯卡堡集市》歌词的第二小节里, ...Blankets and bed-clothes, the child of mountain..., 单词blankets和bedclothes都是以爆破音[b]开始, [b]这个音是送气爆破音, 歌者唱起来朗朗上口, 听众听起来容易记忆。在英语歌词的头韵修辞中, 用爆破音组成头韵举不胜举, 如歌曲《加州梦想》中:
...
And I’d pretend to pray
You know the preacher likes the cold
...
“pretend”, “pray”和“preacher”都用[p]这个爆破音开始, 发出的声音响亮、清脆、悦耳, 道出了歌曲简洁、明快、清晰的旋律所散发出来的独特的魅力。
还有《秃鹰飞去》的歌词中,
I’d rather sail away
Like a swan that’s here and gone
A man gets tied up to the ground
He gives the world its
...
在上面的一小节中, “gone”, “gets”和“ground”都用爆破音[g]组成头韵, 这个音发起来铿锵有力, 表达了能够像只天鹅一样飞翔在蓝天的强烈愿望, 同时也表达了内心, 不得不束缚在大地上的一种无奈。
除了上面的歌曲里, 下面来看约翰.丹佛演唱的《乡村路带我回家》的歌词中:
...
All my memories
Gather round her
Miners’Lady
Strangers to blue water
dark and dusty
Painted on the sky
...
其中的“dark and dusty”, 都是以爆破音[d]开始, 听起来铿锵有力, 配合曲调的节奏, 给听众呈现了一幅生动的画面, 深刻表现了歌者内心对家乡西弗吉尼亚的眷恋和思念, [b]这个音给人深刻的感受, 就如有某种珍贵的记忆永远镌刻在心中。
除了用爆破音开始组成头韵, 英语歌曲的歌词中也用摩擦辅音开始音节构成头韵, 如歌曲《多娜, 多娜》中, “High above him there’s a swallow, winging swiftly through the sky...”, 上面“swallow”, “swiftly”和“sky”都是由摩擦辅音[s]开始, 配合主旋律, 表达了燕子轻快、敏捷地在天空自由自在地飞翔, 极其深刻地表达了人类对自由的向往和憧憬。还有《文森特》歌词里:“...shadows on the hills, sketch the trees.../...now I understand what you try to say to me/and how you suffered for your sanity/and how you tried to set them free...”, 短短的一小节中, 就有“sketch”, “say”, “suffer”, “sanity”和“set”5个单词都是以摩擦辅音[s]开始构成头韵, 表达了梵高由于得不到他人的理解而内心感受到的凄楚与痛苦, 同时表达了作者内心的共鸣和无奈。当然摩擦辅音开始构成头韵还有很多, 如《神龙帕夫》中:“I’d rather be a sparrow than a snail.../and brought him strings/and sealing wax/and other fancy stuff...”其中的“sparrow”, “snail”, “strings”, “sealing”, “stuff”。
头韵在歌词中, 如同诗歌一样, 得到了广泛的运用。它既简短明快, 又富于表现力, 还具有音乐感, 起到渲染的作用。它可借助读者的视觉与听觉, 增加表达效果, 从而产生注意价值[9]。因此歌词中头韵能赋予歌曲以音韵美和节奏美, 起到渲染气氛、烘托感情、加强语言表现力等效果。头韵蕴含了语言的音乐美和声情交融、音义一体, 具有很强的表现力和追求形式美、音韵美的一个重要表现。因而, 头韵也是词作者不可缺少的表达方式, 同时也是渲染和突要手段[8]。
2.2 半谐音
英语assonance, 又叫vocalic rhyme, vowel rhyme或halfrhyme, 汉译为“母韵”、“元音韵”、“准押韵”、“半谐音”、或“元音谐音”。“半谐音”是指重读音节中的元音相同, 而其后的辅音不同[9]。如:shoot或boost, 这两个单词压[u:]的韵, 但是后面的t和st结尾不同。一般来说, 半谐音这种押韵方式广泛地用于诗歌和歌曲中, 可以加强语言的节奏感和音乐美, 因此句子读起来悦耳动听、音韵和谐、节奏感强。如:
With the stars up in the sky
are they shining over brenner
and upon the other side
you would be a sweet surrender
I must go the other way
and my train will carry me onward
though my heart would surely stay
woo, my heart would surely stay
now the clouds are flying by me
and the moon is the rise
...
在上面的歌曲里, sky, side, fly, rise四个单词都含有双元音[ai], 由于每个单词的最后一个字母不同, 因此, 这四个单词构成半谐音, 表达了歌者深刻的内心情感。除此之外, 半谐音在歌词中的运用还有很多, 如由玛丽亚·凯莉演绎的歌曲《英雄》中:
...
And you cast your fears aside
And you know you can survive
when you face the world alone no one reaches out a hand for you to hold
And then a hero comes along with the strength to carry on and...
...
其中“aside”和“survive”, “alone”和“hold”, “along”和“on”, 分别由[ai][藜u][廾]构成半谐音, 它们分别是前元音、后元音、中元音, “面对世界你孤独一人, 谁会向你伸出援助之手”, 表达了遇到困难百折不挠、坚韧不拔、勇往直前的英雄精神。在欣赏这首歌曲节奏美和音乐美的同时, 我们情不自禁地为这样的英雄精神所感染。
在经典英语歌曲的歌词中, 这样的半谐音举不胜
举, 如歌曲《威士忌安魂曲》中:
...
She finally drank her pain away a little at a time
But she never could get drunk enough to get him off her mind
until the night
...
上面几句歌词中, “time”, “mind”, “night”都含有元音[ai], Allison Krauss随着悠扬婉转的曲调高歌自己内心的苦闷, 表达了一种“举酒消愁愁更愁”的境地, 强调了只有当夜晚来临之时, 自己的痛苦可以借着酒的作用稍微有些减轻。
歌词中元音的韵即半谐音更加深刻地表达了词作者和歌者或坚韧不拔、或苦闷忧郁的情感状态。这样听众不仅能品味歌曲里面音乐的曲调和节奏, 而且能欣赏到歌曲里面歌词的音乐美和整齐美。
2.3 尾韵
英语的rhyme译为尾韵或者脚韵, 其中是指在句子间的相应位置出现十分相似或相同的重音, 重读音节中的元音与其后的辅音都要一致。在英文歌曲中的压尾韵就是在一段有四句或者多于四句的词中, 每一行的最后一个单词的结尾的音节具有相同的字母或声音, 主要是元音字母[8]。如《雪绒花》的歌词里, white和bright, snow和grow, 读起来朗朗上口, 唱起来也非常优美动听、《试着回忆》的歌词中的light和night, mellow和yellow;《文森特》的歌词中的blaze和haze, grain和pain。这些英语歌曲中的歌词都很有技巧地用各种元音来押韵, 感觉歌曲的音律非常归整, 听起来也给人非常舒服的感觉。有些英语歌曲中歌词的押韵达到了极致, 如歌曲《加州旅馆》中, 每一小节的第二、四、六、八行都押韵, 如第一小节的hair/air, light/night;第二小节的bell/hell, way/say;后面的小节中有如:place/face, year/here, bends/friends, sweat/forget, wine/nine, away/say, ice/device, feast/beast, door/before, receive/leave等。这首歌曲就如一首诗歌, 在押韵方面及其讲究, 包括双元音[ai][ei]、长元音[i]等。结尾的辅音也极有精致地安排, 如[t], [s], [v], [l], 不仅风格多样, 而且声音响亮, 特别是爆破音[t]和摩擦辅音[s], 给人留下深刻的印象。
《雪绒花》、《试着回忆》、《加州旅馆》、《文森特》等歌曲是歌词成功的典型代表, 如果没有这些音和韵, 歌曲就不会有如此震撼的感染力, 也不会引起大的共鸣。由于有了尾韵, 许多英语歌曲中的歌词犹如一首优美的诗歌, 结构平整、押韵妥帖, 通过尾韵这种语音手段来加强语言的形象性、生动性或直观性, 使之听起来更加和谐、典雅。
3. 结语
从上面可以看出, 韵是语音成为音乐性声音的一个重要转换手段[4], 词作者对头韵、半谐音和尾韵的运用不但使歌词结构整齐、词义深刻、丰富, 旋律优美、动听, 气氛得到了旋绕, 感情得到了烘托, 而且更加深刻地表达了歌者的内心情感和唱出了听众的心声, 进而产生了共鸣。这样, 听众就不仅能更好地体味歌曲中音乐的旋律、歌词的节奏与韵律、词作者和曲作者的情感, 而且能更深刻地理解词作者所要表达的主题, 这样的歌曲才会经久传唱, 最终成为经典。
参考文献
[1]邹素.英语歌词的文体特征分析[J].重庆文理学院学报 (社科版) , 2008, (3) .
[2]罗天伟.浅谈英语歌词的文体特征和表现手法.六盘水师专学报[J], 1999, (6) .
[3]黄慧敏.英汉押韵的功能与意趣异同.山东师大外国语学院学报, 2000, (3) .
[4]沈亚丹.诗歌押韵的发生及其音乐本质浅论[J].南京政治学院学报, 2001, (6) .
[5]张凤春.英语押韵词的研究[J].华南理工大学学报 (自然科学版) , 1997, (10) .
[6]Cuddon, J.A.A Dictionary of Literary Terms[M].1979.
[7]阚淑香.英语修辞中的头韵[J].沧州师范专科学校学报, 2002, (12) .
[8]李亚丹.李定坤.汉英辞格对比研究简编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社, 2005.
饮料食品类：
1. Good to the last drop.
滴滴香浓，意犹未尽——麦氏咖啡
2. Obey your thirst.
听从你的渴望——雪碧
3. Take time to indulge.
尽情享受吧——雀巢冰激凌
4. The choice of a new generation.
新一代的选择——百事可乐
5. You can’t beat the feeling！
挡不住的诱惑——可口可乐
6. Melt in your mouth, not in your hand.
只溶在口，不溶在握——玛氏巧克力
7. To me，the past is black and white，but the future is always color.
对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是绚烂缤纷——轩尼诗酒
电子科技类：
1. We lead．Others copy．
我们领先，他人仿效——理光复印机
2．Impossible made possible．
使不可能变为可能——佳能打印机
3. Intelligence everywhere.
智慧演绎，无处不在——摩托罗拉
4. Make yourself heard.
理解就是沟通——爱立信
5. Connecting people.
科技以人为本——诺基亚
6. Let’s make things better.
让我们做得更好——飞利浦
7. Feel the new space.
感受新境界——三星电子
8. Take TOSHIBA, take the world.
拥有东芝，拥有世界——东芝电子
9. Intel Inside.
给电脑一颗奔腾的“芯”——英特尔奔腾
10. You press the button, we do the rest.
你只需按快门，剩下的我们来做——柯达照相机
生活用品类：
1. Good teeth, good health.
牙齿好，身体就好——高露洁牙膏
2. Behind that healthy smile, there’s a Crest kid.
健康笑容来自佳洁士——佳洁士牙膏
3. Start ahead.
成功之路，从头开始——飘柔
4. Ask for more.
渴望无限——百事流行鞋
5. Just do it.
只管去做——耐克运动鞋
6. Tide’s in, dirt’s out.
汰渍到，污痕逃——汰渍洗衣粉
7. Quality never goes out of style.
质量与风格共存——李维斯牛仔服装
8. To be NO.1.
追求时尚，引领全球——鸿星尔克
9. Anything is possible.
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