高考英语真题书面表达(精选8篇)
自2008年以来,全国卷共有16篇书面表达。这些书面表达究竟考了什么?请看: 学习相关:有6篇(第3, 7, 9, 10, 13, 16篇)活动相关:有4篇(第1,2, 8, 11篇)生活相关:有3篇(第5,6,15篇)教师相关:有1篇(第12篇)自己未来:有1篇(第4篇)周围环境:有1篇(第14篇)命题形式:通常是提纲。除第1篇是图表外,都是提纲形式。
事实上,第3篇的图表的写法与提纲的写法相比,只是多了一步,将图表中的英语提问转换成汉字,前提是认识简单的英文。
无论是什么文体,也不论是何种题材,更不管是写什么具体内容,只要是英语写作,就必须掌握以下内容,才可以以不变应万变:
⑴ 简单句的五个基本句型及there be句型。
⑵ 简单句的高级形式,即简单句中含非谓语动词(特别是作定语和状语)、介词短语等。
⑶ 并列句和平行结构,特别是and, but, both…and, not only…but also, either…or…, not…but…等并列连词的用法。
⑷ 复合句,包括状语从句(特别是表示时间、条件、让步、目的、结果的从句),名词性从句(特别是主语从句、同位语从句),定语从句(特别是非限制性定语从句)。⑸ 特殊句型:
① was /were doing sth.when…did 正在做某事时,突然又发生另一事。② 形式主语句型:It is +adj./n.+ for sb.to do sth.③ 强调句型:It is…that….;用do, does, did强调一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词。④ 倒装句型:Only in this way can we do sth.(只有用这种方法,我们才能做某事)等。⑤ There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问,…… ⑹ 除熟练掌握上述并列句和复合句的
连词外,还需灵活运用起衔接作用的其他连接性副词和介词短语等。如:
① On the one hand, …On the other hand, … 一方面……另一方面……(引出相互矛盾的两个方面)② For one thing, …and for another(thing), … 一来……二来……(列举两条)③ Firstly, …Secondly, … Thirdly, ….Lastly /Last but not least, …首先,……其次,……第三,……,最后,……(列举多条)④ First…then…ten minutes later…finally… 先……然后……十分钟后……最后……(叙述事情发生的先后,或陈述做某事的过程)⑤ however(然而), besides(此外), what’s more(此外,而且), to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。⑥ as a result(结果), above all(尤其是), after all(毕竟),in fact(事实上)等。
⑦ luckily /fortunately(幸运的是), unluckily/ unfortunately(不幸的是),obviously(显然), similarly(同样地)等。⑧ in my opinion(依我看), as far as I’m concerned(就我而言)等。(发表看法)⑨ for example(例如), take…for example(以……为例), such as(例如)等。(举例)辅导与训练。
高考中的书面表达,是一种指导性写作或控制性写作(guided writing),它的体 裁、内容和篇幅都有明确的规定。写作时 可按以下步骤完成: 1.认真审题
⑴ 审体裁(不同体裁有不同的用语或写法)。⑵ 审时态(主要用什么时态来写)。⑶ 审人称(用第几人称写,写给谁看)。⑷ 审要点(不可忽略情景说明中的内容)。2.列出提纲
根据所审要点,将要写的内容一一列出来,可用中文也可用英文列出,不可遗漏要点,确保要点齐全。
同时,要琢磨是否需要添加细节或将所给要点适度拓展,如“问他是否可以接机”,就应包括“到机场接(我叔叔)并将其送到宾馆,因为我叔叔是第一次去那里”。其中“并将其送到宾馆,因为我叔叔是第一次去那里”都是符合情理的拓展。3.写出初稿
根据上述提纲,用英语写出初稿。写作中要用自己有把握的词写正确的句子。注意句子结构的完整性,如主谓(宾)齐全;两个简单句中如果没有分号和句号,根据两句之间的逻辑关系,用适当的连接词,以及上下文之间的语义衔接。4.修改润色
将自己写的文章通读一遍,检查是否有单词拼写错误和语法错误,如时态是否有错,主谓是否一致,人称是否一致,句子结构是否完整,是否有介词的误用,是否有be的少用或多用,上下是否连贯等等。5.规范誊写
规范的书写往往能给阅卷老师留下美好的印象,有可能会给你的作文评分提升一个档次。因此,平时练好书法,考时规范誊写,这是非常重要的。6.再次核查
在规范誊写后,要再次核查,以免在誊写过程中出错。
■ 2015年全国卷
必备素材
section n.栏目
carry vt.(报刊)登载,刊出 relevant adj.相关的
informative adj.有益的
the elderly老年人make dumplings包饺子
be popular among /with sb.受某人欢迎 1.2015课标卷I 假定你是李华, 你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿, 要点如下:
1.栏目介绍;2.稿件内容
3.稿件长度:约400词;4.交稿日期:6月28日前。注意:
1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;3.开头语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States?
And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students.You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.400 words would be fine.Could we have your article before June 28?
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Li Hua 2.2015课标卷II
假定你是李华, 计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件, 邀她一同前往, 内容包括:
1.出发及返回时间;
2.活动:包饺子、表演节目等。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;3.结语已为你写好。
Yours,Li Hua Dear Lucy,I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture.We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there.We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon.If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua
■ 2014年全国卷
必备素材
accommodation n.住宿 plan to do sth.计划做某事 dormitory
n.宿舍
attend a summer school参加暑期班学习company
n.公司 do a good job干得好 colleague
n.同事
take regular exercise经常锻炼 vacation
n.假期
pay 3,000 dollars for the course为课程支付3千美元 continue
v.继续
get along well with sb.与某人相处融洽 include
vt.包括
in my free time在我的业余时间 a program designer程序设计者 various ball games各种球类活动 host family接待留学生的家庭
What will… be like? ……将是什么样的?
3.2014课标卷I
假定你是李华, 计划暑假期间去英国学习英语, 为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意, 请给该校写封信, 询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。注意: 1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。3.参考词汇: 住宿 accommodation Dear Sir/Madam,I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I’ve seen your ad, and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course.First, when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week?
Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class.I’d also like to know
how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be a host family or university dormitory?
I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,Li Hua
4.2014课标卷II
一家英语报社向中学生征文, 主题是“十年后的我”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。1.家庭。2.工作。3.业余生活。注意:
1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.I think my life will be very different in ten years.I will be twenty-eight years old by then.I will have my own family, probably with a lovely child.I hope I’ll work in a computer company as a program designer.I’ll enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.I’ll do a good job
in whatever I do.In my free time, I’ll continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various
ball games.On my holidays, I’ ll travel around the world.In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.■ 2013年全国卷
必备素材
conference
n.会议
I’m writing to tell you that…我写信是想告诉你…… diamond
n.钻石,菱形
I wonder if you could do sth.不知你是否可以做某事? flight number航班号
Chinese painting中国画
Would you please do sth.?请你做某事,好吗? meet my uncle at the airport到机场接我叔叔 in advance预先,提前
ask for sth.要求/请求得到某物 do me a favor帮我一个忙
take him to his hotel带他去酒店 in the shape of呈现……的形状 about 5 inches long大约5寸长 stand for friendship代表友谊
know more about… 对……了解更多 red silk threads红丝线
further information更多的信息
5.2013课标卷I
假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信,告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会,带去他想要的那幅中国画,同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明: 李明: 高个子,戴眼镜 航班号: CA985 到达: 8月6日上午11:30 注意:
1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.开头和结束语已为你写好。Dear Peter,How are you doing?
I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference, and I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before.Also, I’d like you to do me a favor.Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is the first visit to the U.S.? Thank you in advance!
His flight number is CA985, and it will arrive at 11:30 am.August 6.My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses.And he will be in blue jacket.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hu
6.2013课标卷II
假定你是李华, 自制了一些中国结(Chinese knot)。你给开网店的美国朋友Tom写信, 请他代卖, 要点包括: 1.外观(尺寸、颜色、材料)。2.象征意义。3.价格。
注意:1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。Dear Tom,How are you doing? I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me.I made them myself with red silk threads, cloth and other materials.They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide.In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses.They are only 12.99 US dollars each.If anyone wants to know more about the knots, let them write to me.Also, do let me know if you need further information.Thank you!
Li Hua
■ 2012年全国卷
必备素材
announcement n.通告
throw a surprise party策划一个令人惊喜的聚会 fluent
adj.流利的 post
vt.贴出
give him a surprise给他一个惊喜
invite you to the party邀请你来参加聚会 gather
vi.聚集,集合
keep quiet about sth.不要把某事说出去 be accepted as 被接受成为
welcome vt.欢迎(某人)adj.受欢迎的 the summer camp夏令营 take part in参加(join in)
prepare a little present准备一个小礼物 light the candles点蜡烛 learn about了解
last about an hour持续大约一个小时
7.2012课标卷
假定你是李华,从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营,欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。1.自我介绍(包括英语能力)。
2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家)。3.希望获准。注意:
1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Sir or Madam,I’m Li Hua, a middle school student from China.I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.I know that you welcome students from different countries and I’d like to take part in it.幻灯片55 I’ve been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English.What’s more, I’ll be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well.I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.Looking forward to your reply!
Regards,Li Hua
8.2012大纲卷
假定你是李华。你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan参加,要点包括: 1.时间:周五晚8点至9点。2.地点:学生俱乐部。3.内容:生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等。4.要求:准备小礼物。注意:1.词数100左右,开头语已为你写好。
2.可以适当增加细节,以便行文连贯。3.答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。Hi, Susan,We’re throwing a surprise party for Xiaoming’s birthday.We’d like to invite you to the party.We want to give him a surprise, so please keep quiet about it.We’ll gather at the Students’ Club at 8 p.m.this Friday, after the evening classes.And it’s going to last about an hour.We each will prepare a little present.When he comes, we’ll light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him.Then the cake will be cut and we’ll sing songs and play games.It’ll be nice to see how excited he will be.I’m sure you’ll have a good time at the party, too.Yours,Li Hua
■ 2011年全国卷
必备素材
address n.地址 regular adj.经常的
have some difficulties with…在……方面有困难 take summer courses参加暑期课程 cover
vt.报道(report on)
provide help for sb.给某人提供帮助 get help from you得到你(们)的帮忙 national adj.国家的international adj.国际的
guide us in… 在……方面指导我们 note-taking记笔记
have no idea of… 不知道……
Equally attractive are… 同样有吸引力的有……(倒装)I suggest that…(should)do sth.我建议……做某事 carry articles刊登文章 English learning英语学习
mainly for the following two reasons主要有以下两个原因
9.2011课标卷
假定你是李华,正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程,遇到一些困难,希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定,你需书面预约,请按下列要点写一封信: 1.本人简介。2.求助内容。3.约定时间。
4.你的联系方式(Email:lihua@1236.com;Phone:12345678)。
注意:1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.结束语已为你写好。
Dear Sir/Madam,I’m Li Hua, a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.I’m writing to ask for help.I came here last month and find many courses interesting.But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library.I was told that the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get
help from you.I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons.Please let me know which day is OK with you.You may email or phone me.Here are my email address and phone number: lihua@126.com, call 12345678.Look forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua
10.2011大纲卷
假定你是李华,你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信,内容主要包括:
1.说明你是该报的忠实读者。
2.赞赏该报优点。⑴ 兼顾国内外新闻。⑵ 介绍名人成功故事。3.提出建议:刊登指导英语学习的文章。
注意:1.词数100左右,开头语已为你写好。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Editor-in-Chief,Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror!
I’m a regular reader of your newspaper.I like it very much mainly for the following two reasons.First, it covers both national
and international news, so that, by simply turning the pages, I can learn all important things that have happened during the week.Equally attractive are the success stories of world-famous people, which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.As a young student, I suggest that Global Mirror carry articles to guide us in our English learning, and I hope that it will become even more popular.Sincerely yours,Li Hua
■ 2010年全国卷
必备素材
advisor n.顾问
deliver a speech 发表演讲
Chairman of the Students’ Union学生会主席 experience n.经历(可数)
invite you to be a judge邀请你做评委 be close to…靠近/挨着……
on the given topic根据给定的主题 accept our invitation接受我们的邀请 senior high students高中生 native-speaker说母语的人
I’d be more than happy to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。
11.2010全国卷I
假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)。希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。
英语演讲比赛 主题:人与自然
时间:6月15日下午2:00-5:00
地点:501教室 参赛选手:10名学生
联系人:李华(电话44876655)欢迎大家光临 注意:词数100左右。参考词汇:评委 judge
Dear Ms Smith,I’m Li Hua, Chairman of the Students’ Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university.I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 1st.It will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours.Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and the Nature”.We hope you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.Please call me at 44876655, if you have any questions.I am looking forward to your reply.With best wishes,Li Hua
12.2010全国卷II
假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Peter曾表示希望来中国教书。你校现需要招聘外教,请给他写封信,告知招聘信息。内容主要包括:
1.教授课程:英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等 2.教授对象:高中生(至少三年英语基础)3.工作量:——每周12学时,任选三门课。——担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问(advisor)。注意: 1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以便行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China.Our school now is looking for a native-speaker to teach some courses to some senior high students.If you come, you can choose three of the following four courses: Speaking, Writing, Britain Today and America Today, and teach 12 hours a week.The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experiences.Besides teaching, you will also work as an advisor to our students’ English club or our school English newspaper.Please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other questions, I’d be more than happy to help you.Best,Li Hua
■ 2009年全国卷
必备素材
rebuild
vt.重建,改建
set some other time for约定另外一个时间…… pedestrian
adj.行人的 n.行人
return the book to the library将书还给图书馆 teahouse n.茶馆
to the south of在……的南面
with a history of 600 years 有600年历史
square
n.广场,正方形
in the center of Beijing在北京市中心 experience vt.体验,感受 convenient adj.方便的
take Buses No.17 or 19乘17或19路公交车 way of life生活方式 attend to处理(deal with)ask about询问
call her back给她回电话
13.2009全国卷I
假定你是李华,正在英国接受英语培训,住一户 英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs.Wilson不在家, 你准备外出,请给Mrs.Wilson 写一留言条,内 容包括:外出购物。替房东还书。 3.Tracy 来电话留言。
⑴ 咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消。⑵ 此事已告知Susan。⑶ 尽快回电。 注意:1.词数100 个左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Mrs.Wilson,I’m going out shopping, and won’t be back until about 5:00 pm.I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library.At about 1 o’clock this afternoon, Tracy called, saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to.She felt very sorry about that, but said that you could set some other time for the meeting.She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.She has already told Susan about this change.Li Hua
14.2009全国卷II 假定你是李华,你的美国朋友 Sarah打算暑期来北京旅游,来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信,简单介绍以下内容:
1.简况:长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺。2.位置:天安门广场南面。
3.交通:公共汽车17、69、59等路,地铁2号线。4.特色:步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。参考词汇:步行街 pedestrian street当当车 trolley car
地铁 subway
注意: 1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。
Dear Sarah,Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Oianmen Street.Here is something about it.Qianmen Street is a famous street with a history of over 600 years.Along this 800-meter street, there are more than 300 shops.As the street is in the center of Beijing, just to the south of Tian’anmen Square, it’s very convenient to get there by bus.You may take Buses No.17, 69 or 59.Subway Line 2 has a stop there too.Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to theatres and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life.I’m sure you’ll like it.Yours,Li Hua
■ 2008年全国卷
必备素材
delighted
adj.高兴的(very happy)wish her a happy birthday 祝她生日快乐 suggestion
n.建议,提议
live a healthy life过着健康的生活 remember
vt.记住
take a photo拍照 gave birth to… 生下
your fellow students你的同学 learn from sb.向某人学习
take a Chinese course参加中文学习班 whenever possible只要可能
express my thanks to you for…因……向你们表示我的感谢
15.2008全国卷I
假定你是李华,从小喜爱大熊猫(panda),一直通过有关网站(website)关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信:
1.自我介绍。2.祝贺苏琳生日。3.感谢工作人员。4.索取苏琳三岁生日照。
注意:1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。Dear Sir/Madam,Greetings from China!
Yours truly,Li Hua Dear Sir/ Madam,Greetings from Chian!
I’m Li Hua, a student in Sichuan.I’ve been a panda lover since I was a child.About three years ago, I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin and I’ve been watching her grow on your website.Now she is going to be three.I’d like to wish her a happy birthday and
to express my thanks to you for your hard work, because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US.By the way, could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday? Thank you very much in advance.Yours truly,Li Hua
16.2008全国卷II 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写封回信。1.参加中文学习班。2.看中文书刊、电视。3.学唱中文歌曲。4.交中国朋友。
注意:1.词数100左右。2.可适当增加细节。3.开头语已为你写好,不计入总词数。June 8, 2011 Dear Peter,I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Here are a few suggestions.First, it
is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.Then,it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.You can also make more Chinese friends, who will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.Try and write to me in Chinese next time.Best wishes.Li Hua 修改前有
■ 2007年全国卷 必备素材
similar to…与……相同/相似的 in her early twenties二十出头 in my mind在我的头脑中 keep a pet dog养一个宠物狗
have…in common有……相同之处 take care of pets照看宠物
share sth.with sb.同某人分享某物
improve my English提高我的英语水平be open for business开张营业
the entrance to去……的入口 single rooms单人房/间 double rooms双人房/间
with hot showers有热水淋浴
book in advance提前预订 serve three meals 供应三餐
western food西餐
choose from从……中挑选
enjoy yourself请自便,尽情享受 free of charge免费
All are welcome!欢迎光临!
.2007全国卷I
假定你是李华,希望通过外籍教师Peter找一位英语笔友。请写一封短信,描述一下你理想中笔友的条件,并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括:
1.年龄。2.性别。3.爱好(旅游、运动、宠物等)。
注意: 1.词数 100 左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。
一、生要点, 显文脉 (无中生有勾文脉)
从近7年浙江省高考英语书面表达内容来看, 命题形式除2004年的“图表”形式外, 其余均为“文字提示”形式。如果文字提示中已经包含了足够的信息 (如2004、2006、2007、2009年) , 考生做到紧扣材料要点即可;但假设文字提示内容甚少, 考生必须根据仅有的提示, 合理发挥自己的想象力, “无中生有”, 勾勒出一个完整的语篇文脉, 才能应对自然 (如2005、2008、2010年) 。2010年的高考试题, 正需要考生作出这样正确的选择。
1. 显露“叙事”部分文脉
去商业中心:went downtown
寻找服装:look for the costumes
我们却很舒适:while the rest of us were enjoying...
她找到服装:she found the clothes
我们被感动, 获得一等奖:We were moved and won the firs prize.
2. 显露“评价”部分文脉
好心肠的:warm-hearted
奉献精神:devote...to doing...
树立好榜样:set a good example for...
向她学习:learn from her
生成上述要点, 是写好书面表达的首要关键。只有找到类似的文脉, 文章才能既言之有物, 又切合题意。“生要点, 显文脉”是整个写作过程的前提。
这就要求我们在平时语言学习的过程中, 一方面, 应善于积累一定量的词汇, 俗话说:“巧妇难为无米之炊。”在依托词汇量显露文脉方面, 欲做到“无中生有”, 学生必须“本身拥有”。另一方面, 在写作时应树立“文脉”的意识和概念, 只有勾勒出篇章中蕴含的关键词语和文脉要点, 才能从简到繁, 由浅入深, 进入书面表达的高层境地。
二、组句子, 成文脉 (连词成句现粗稿)
在要点生成的基础上, 接下来便是构词成句, 形成比较完整的句子, 粗现篇章脉络。
1. 组成“叙事”部分文脉
如Li Yue went downtown to look for the costumes.He
searched from one store to another.While the rest of us were enjoying ourselves at school, she spent the whole afternoon looking for the clothes, and at last she found them.We were moved and won the first prize.
2. 组成“评价”部分文脉
如She is a warm-hearted student.She devoted herself to helping others.She has set a good example for all of us.We should learn from her.
这一环节是组成篇章、快速形成粗稿的过程, 更是为了在此基础上进行润色并获取理想表达的过程。
需要指出的是, 这一阶段要求根据生成的要点进行句子组合, 在句子组合过程中, 学生可以根据自身认知方式的不同, 采用不同的句式进行语句的表达。如:
学生A:She is a warm-hearted student.She devoted herself to helping others.She has set a good example for all of us.We should learn from her.
学生B:She has set a good example for all of us.She is such a warm-hearted student that we should learn and respect her.We all should devote ourselves to helping others.
学生C:She is a warm-hearted student whom we should learn and respect.It is devoting ourselves to helping others that makes our life become really meaningful!To learn to share is to enjoy our inner happiness.Don’t you think so?
三、谋篇章, 润文脉 (雕琢融合夺高分)
玉不雕不成器。学生在完成篇章底稿的同时, 可充分考虑语言在表达上所具有的情感、情景和语法功能, 从下面两方面着手润色, 谋篇章, 润文脉, 夺高分。
1. 句中的雕琢
粗稿中的表达:Li Yue went downtown to look for the cos-tumes.He searched from one store to another.
修改后的表达:Li Yue went downtown and walked from one store to another, looking for the costumes we would wear in the singing contest.
或:Li Yue went downtown alone in spite of hot weather, looking for the costumes we would wear in the singing contest.
修改后的句子增添了表达情感的词语如“in spite of hot weather”, 表达情景的词语“looking for...”, 以及恰当运用了定语从句“...the costumes we would wear in the singing contest.”通过综合运用情感、情景等因素及所学语法结构, 使行文顿时生色不少, 达到了较好的表达效果。
又如:
粗稿中的表达:We were moved and won the first prize.
修改后的表达:We were greatly/deeply moved and we did our best, winning the first prize at last.
或:Deeply moved/touched by her efforts, we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest.
对比中发现, 副词“greatly”“deeply”等同样起到加强情感, 烘托表达效果的作用。
2. 句间的融合
在叙事或是评价人与事物的过程中, 运用恰当的关联词, 注重句子与句子间的融合, 能使文章融为一体, 流畅自然。如表转折关系的有however, otherwise, on the contrary等;表因果关系的有as, thanks to..., due to..., therefore, as a result (of) 等;表示时间关系的then/while/finally等。
试体会下列句中关联词的作用:
A.She spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting.Finally, she found the right clothes. (表示时间关系)
B.Lu Yue is always warm-hearted and cares a lot about the class.Besides, she devotes her spare time to helping others. (标示并列关系)
C.She has set a good example for us.Therefore, we should learn from her. (表示因果关系)
书面表达的这“三部曲”, 清晰地展现了学生获取高分需要迈出的三个不同阶梯。
其实, 书面表达中自然、真实的情感流露来源于丰富的生活体验, 缺少了语言赖以生存的丰厚土壤, 语言的刻意雕琢便失去了自身的美丽;同样, 缺少对丰富生活的凝练、雕琢与融合, 语言也会显得苍白无力。若能做到两者的相融统一, 可尽情释放语言的魅力。
记得在一次由校学生会组织的“为世博添彩”活动期间, 笔者亲眼目睹了一些热心的学生为“迷你”世博场馆的搭建与活动安排等四处奔走、泪洒世博。当他们邀请我坐镇“中国馆”, 以书画形式展示民族文化时, 我不禁被他们的奉献精神所感染, “开馆之际”现场为他们一展书画艺术的风采。之后, 其中的一位学生紧紧地握住我的手, 向我感激时, 那一刻, 心中自然流露出诸如:“deeply moved”“be ready to help others”“they do everything in high spirit”“It is a good way to learn to share our happiness with our classmates, as well as the teacher.”等。
高考英语书面表达是考查英语运用能力的一种题型,它要求考生根据所给的情景和要求写一篇书面材料,并能使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。阅卷评分标准不但强调文章要涵盖所有内容要点,而且还要注重文章中词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
在江苏省的高考英语试卷中,2007年书面表达题的分值占16.7%,2008年占21.6%,可见其重要性。然而现状却不容乐观。考生对书面表达充满畏难情绪,可以说是“谈写色变”。因此,提高高三学生的书面表达是所有高三老师和学生面临的重要任务。
一、 目前高三学生英语书面表达中普遍存在的问题
高三学生在复习过程中的英语书面表达到底难在哪里?通过调查访谈高三部分老师和学生,结合自己教学实践,笔者总结出学生在书面表达中出现的一些共性问题:
1. 逻辑条理不清晰。文章读来让人感觉莫名其妙,东一句西一句,缺乏对整篇文章结构的把握。
2. 语法知识应用能力不强。主要表现在谓语动词的时态、语态以及单复数的使用。
3. 母语副迁移明显。表现为词序安排不符合英语表达习惯,而是按照中文的逻辑顺序排列;词语选择不考虑英语单词的内涵,机械地照搬与中文类似的英语词汇;缺乏英语句型结构意识;冠词使用不当等。
4. 语句连贯性差。很多学生直接将作文要求中出现的汉字翻译成英语,并且句与句之间缺少必要的连接词,从而使得文章内容生硬枯涩。
二、 高三学生英语书面表达能力的日常教学策略
千里之行,始于足下。书面表达能力的形成不是一蹴而就,必须通过平时训练和考前训练,实现量变到质变的过程,必须在平时的课堂教学中由浅入深、由简到繁、循序渐进、一环紧扣一环地进行训练,才有可能最后解决英语书面表达的难题。
(一) 书面表达的语汇准备
高考英语作文不是简单的要点的堆砌,语段和语篇的形成依赖于过渡词语的衔接。任何一篇文章都离不开篇章纽带的起承转合,尤其是高考英语书面表达,尽管它不属于真正意义上的作文,但作文的基本要素却是不能缺乏的。因此,高分的关键和作文的出彩在于过渡词(transitional words)恰到好处的运用。牢记并自如地运用过渡词是每一位考生决胜高考的法宝。考生应该对相关的过渡表达方式的应用加强训练。
(二) 书面表达的句型准备
1. 牢记五种基本句型
在实际的英语写作中,我们应该掌握一些常用的句型以便在实战中发挥作用。高考英语书面表达的句式基本上都是简单句,就是复合句也大都是极普通的常用句式或句型。学生应牢记五种基本句型:(1)S+Vi+(A)[主语+不及物动词+(状)];(2)S+V+P[主语+连系动词+表语];(3)S+Vt+O[主语+及物动词+宾语];(4)S+ Vt+Oi+Od[主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语];(5)S+Vt+O.+O.C.[主语+及物动词+宾语+补语]。掌握句型模式对那些基础差、写出的句子“缺胳膊少腿”的同学会大有裨益。对于基本句型可以采取联词成句、情景造句、课文要点翻译、句型转换等方式加以巩固。
2. 巩固一些基本的复合句型
高考对考生的书面表达能力提出了更高的要求,比如要求学生能“应用较多的语法或较复杂的结构”,“具备较强的语言运用能力”。所以在基本句型训练的基础上,还要提高学生用复合句或复杂句式作文的能力。一篇文章若全是简单句,无一复合句或难句起彩,难见考生功力,得高分就不容易了。因此,在基本句型训练的基础上,还要提高学生用复合句或复杂句式作文的能力。这就要求我们的学生应该尝试一些比较复杂的语法结构和不同的词汇,以使自己的书面表达上一个档次。
(三) 书面表达的技巧准备
1. 审题要多心——认真审题,明确要求
书面表达试题一般会以图画、图表、提纲、文字叙述等形式出现,但不管是什么形式,第一要求都是弄清题目的意图。考生在审题中,首先要一字一句地将题目要求看几遍,一定要记住提示内容,看清命题要求和场景介绍,如文篇的对象、目的、事情发生的时间、地点,以及所要包括的要点,篇幅长度,弄清楚该写哪种题材,哪种体裁,哪个主题,有什么具体要求,有无参考词语和结尾句,有无格式要求等。一定要包括所有要点,可先编写提纲,列出重点词语和将要用到的句型等。
根据所给提示,弄清要写的文体,是记叙文、描写文、说明文、还是应用文;是否有格式要求;是否有人称要求;时态应以什么时态为主,间或用何种时态。对题目所给信息,不论是短文,还是表格,不论是文字还是图画,都务必仔细分析,反复推敲,不漏要点,但也不要拘泥于细节。要紧扣题目要求,围绕中心组织材料,理出写作的顺序,规划段落内容的分配,全文的大致逻辑框架,关联词的选用,套语与常规句型的选用。应该在心中建立一个大致的英语写作架构。
2. 写作要细心——抓住要点,扩展成句;适当调整,完善成篇
根据提示,编出要点或提纲。这时应扬长避短,以简化繁,尽量用自己熟悉的、有把握的单词及句型。避免过于复杂的没把握的单词或句型。表达要点时,应灵活机动,适当地运用“曲线”来表达自己没把握的内容。
围绕中心,连句成篇。答题时要根据所给的条件、提示,将事情发展过程合理排列成文,运用平时积累下来的有把握的符合习惯表达的句型。要能够使用一些常用的表示时间顺序、方位关系、因果关系等逻辑概念的过渡词语,将句子按英文习惯连贯成篇。切忌按中文意思,随意排列组句。尽量避免单一句型的重复使用,正确使用高级词汇和复杂句型。
3. 核查要耐心——严格检查,有错必纠
复查纠错是书面表达训练中必不可少的环节,甚至更应引起考生的关注,稍一粗心即会导致大错而失分。检查格式,勿漏要点。写完后要仔细检查一遍,再参照提示要求,看体裁、格式是否对,内容是否全,词数是否够。复查纠错主要包括以下几点:
(1) 查句式:看句子成分是否全、语序是否正确等。
(2) 查动词:看谓语动词时态、语态用得正确与否、主谓是否一致、非谓语动词形式正确与否等。
(3) 查习语、搭配:看是否符合英语表达的习惯等。
(4) 查其他:看有无单词拼写错误,尤其是动词的过去分词拼写是否有误,看词数是否符合题目的要求等。
三、 高三学生书面表达备考策略
1. 鼓励诵读范文
范文可以是历年高考书面表达的参考答案。把近10年的高考范文收集起来,让学生诵读、学习、借鉴。当然范文也可以是各种体裁的、经过老师精选的文章,把它们推荐给学生。
2. 训练题材要多样化
书信、通知、人物介绍、场景记叙、看图作文、表格作文等都要训练到位。同时注意各种报刊杂志上的书面表达的题材,有针对性的加以训练。
3. 写好开头和结尾
高考英语书面表达的开头句一般已为你写好。开始句根据要求一般可以写得漂亮一点,即要用一些好的套语开始。比如:
Although the city is modern and convenient, there are still some problems, such as air pollution, crowdedness and noise.
结尾在书面表达的写作中占有很重要的地位,通常结尾都要算一个内容要点。所以,写好结尾且让阅卷老师有一个完整的印象是十分必要的。好的结尾可以是一段,由一句或几句话组成,能使全文增色。
4. 扬长避短,灵活遣词
遣词的原则是准确、生动、形象,符合习惯。由于受中文的干扰,有的同学往往紧抠着提示中的某个中文词语绞尽脑汁地去找所学过的等同该词的英文词语,不但浪费了时间,更主要的是往往选用的词不恰当。遇到这种情况,可以采取转译法,用同义词、近义词,甚至可用反义词转代表达。如“懒惰”可以用 “not hard瞱orking”,“不熟悉”可用 “know little about”等来表达。总之,尽量使用自己熟悉的,运用较自如的词汇,冷静思考,扬长避短。只要保证达意,并合乎词法要求,问题就不难解决。
5. 加强书写的规范化训练
书面表达是高考英语试卷中唯一一道主观性试题。
卷面是文章给人的第一印象,字写得是否正确好看,标点符号、大小写用得是否恰当,这些都直接影响着教师的给分。在高考书面表达中如果因为书写较差,以至于影响交流的,将被降低一个档次。字好一半文,字迹是否工整是能否锦上添花的重要因素,同时也是体现考生是否治学严谨,是否尊重阅卷教师的重要方面。
在书面表达中,书写不规范很容易失分:学生字迹潦草不清,不注意字母的大小写、也不注意标点和移行的规则同样也会给阅卷老师留下一个不好的印象,导致最后失分。好的书写也是一种能力的体现,需要一个长期培养过程。所以对于高三学生来说,在训练书面表达时,要养成书写工整、规范,卷面整洁的好习惯,在考场上才能水到渠成,始于自然。
1.认真审题,理解题意。首先要看准文章的写作体裁,其次才能定时态、定人称、定格式(因为不同的文体的格式不同),然后再考虑语言、语气的运用。
一般的记叙文、说明文、议论文等多用书面语;而应用文,如书信、口头通知、便条等多用口头语。记叙文、日记等一般可用过去时,而说明文、通知等一般要用一般现在时或将来时。如果是看图写文,看懂每幅图之间的联系至关重要。根据每幅图写出一至两句话。因为每年高考书面表达一般控制在10句话、120个词左右。
2.连句成文。每句话写好后,用适当的连词连接起来,使之上下连贯、呼应、通顺、简洁,即可形成文章。
3.查错漏。完稿后,检查一下有没有时态、语态、拼写错误并逐一加以改正。
4.书写规范,卷面干净。任何一种形式的书面文字材料,都要求书写规范,拼写准确无误,字迹清晰,按书写规则、大小写和移行要保持正确,切记不要有“铁丝网”、“地雷”、“篱笆”之类的东西,卷面一定要讲究干净。
不同的书面表达形式有不同的格式,如书信、日记、通知等各有其特殊形式,都要按要求书写规范。书写时除了注意移行规则外,还应注意字母写得圆滑饱满,有15%左右的倾斜度,每行写10个单词左右,词与词的距离要小、行与行的距离稍大些,写10行左右,这样的字段既符合要求,也显得短小精悍。同时,还要注意文章的开头和结尾写好,要用最流行、最回味的语言和语句去写,这样更会得到评卷老师的好感。只有这样考生才会得到满意而有理想的高分。
二、一篇好的作文应具备的几个要素
1.生动、具体(有细节支撑)。
The animal ran at his prey(猎物).
With a great roar,the tiger dashed through the jungle toward its prey.
2.恰当运用高级结构和高级词汇。
(1)使用习语、短语、成语。
After supper,I used to take a walk along the river bank.
(2)倒装句。
Only when everyone can do something for the environmental protection,will we have a clean environment.
(3)介词结构。
In spite of a lot of difficulties,we accomplished our task on time.
(4)非谓语动词――简捷、生动,富有。
I enjoy lying on grass on a clear night,watching twinkling stars in the sky.
(5)各种复合句
We take an active part in a variety of activities,which are very beneficial to our growth.
(6)强调结构
It is a variety of school activities that make our life colorful.
3.语篇的连贯性。
文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言单位,如果只是被随意地整合,是无法达到有效表达的目的。有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑,可以使用连接词、分词短语、复合句等。要注意句子与句子之间的有机联系、段落与段落之间的自然过渡,使文章层次清楚、文理通顺,结构严密紧凑、衔接自然。
4.语言的逻辑性。
语言的逻辑性很重要,它是一个人语言表达能力的体现,同时这是不让别人理解引起歧义的关键因素。语言的逻辑性是语言表达能力的体现。要想提高自己语言的表达能力除了天赋外,训练是唯一的手段了,当然,拥有扎实的知识体系结构是语言表达能力的基础。
Regardless of tiredness and tough work,we went home with satisfaction,...
――Regardless of the tough work,we worked in high spirits,...
5.交际语言得体――根据题材选择语言。
高考英语作文书面表达写作步骤教案
资源名称:高考英语作文书面表达写作步骤教案 资源分类:英语作文教案 “书面表达”是考察考生综合运用英语能力的一种题型,根据其一般规律,它要求考生对所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料,做到所写的内容符合所给的情景和要求,文理通顺。它既象作文,又不完全是作文,因为考生不能离开情景和要求自行立意、选材,随意发挥。它类似翻译,但又不同于翻译,因为考生必须根据需要进行适当的发挥,因而有较大的灵活性。所以在做这种题目时,要掌握一个总的原则是“不漏、不错、不多写、不乱写”。具体地则从以下四个方面去考虑、着手: 1、读题,明确要求,做好必要的准备工作。高考的书面表达,题材较多,有给文字背景材料的`,有看图作文的,还有两者皆而有之的。对于文字背景材料,考生要仔细阅读,看懂题目要求,并对材料进行必要的删减。文字材料中有的是有用信息,有的是无用信息。不进行必要的删减,则会使做出来的书面表达轻者增加了错误的可能性,重者文不对题,逻辑不清。
高考在即,考生在作最后冲刺时往往会忽视英语的书面表达部分,觉得这个部分难以提高,不好把握。新东方学校方林老师认为,书面表达有可能成为考生提高成绩的突破口,特别是对于那些平时缺乏相关练习的同学尤为如此。他建议,在这最后的复习阶段,考生应该注意以下几个方面:
抓大放小 书面表达对语法、词汇、句型等方面都有较高的要求,如果全面出击反而导致顾此失彼,所以考生应该根据自己的情况分清主次。比如,如果对各种文体的.写法还不了解的话,就不要一味地去提高语言表达,而应该先搞清楚文章的框架、写作的顺序、开头结尾的写法等等。
第一步:确定文章的框架,包括:时态、语态、文章格式、展开方式、开头结尾等。第二步:确定内容要点,内容要点包括:主要人物、时间地点、重要细节、合理发挥等。第三步就是正式开始写作。最后一步则应该是检查全文,主要检查语法以及粗心犯下的错误。
拾遗捡漏 考生应该对自己写过的作文仔细地复习几遍,看看自己错在什么地方,老师是如何加以修改的,这些往往是自己的薄弱环节。
一篇优秀的“书面表达”首先就是一件艺术品,书写清楚,布局合理,字母大小匀称,单词间距适当,没有明显修改痕迹,给人眼前为之一亮的感觉。会让阅卷老师心中顿生美感和欣赏之情。
二、结构美
一篇好的“书面表达”不能一段到底,应有合理的段落层次,让人感觉条理清晰。每一段落要有一个主题句和几个支撑句。考生写作时,可将文章分为三段,也就是我们在教学中主张的“三段式”:主题段提出问题或论点,发展段围绕主题讨论、列出论据,结尾段得出结论。
It’s useful and necessary to discuss learning habits.As we all know,good learning habits can make your study go to succeed.As a student,we should pay more attentions to our habits which we develop in our study.
I’m sure“repeat”is a best habit.Do you develop the habit?If we want to improve our study,we should repeat what the teachers taught us again and again,and then we can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand us to master.How to develop the habit?thefirst step,set a timetable,and stick to carry out the plan,don’t stop.
When I do my homework,I often make mistakes with carelessness,how to overcome the shortage?I think I should think about it over and over as long as I do my homework.And then I do it little by little.Maybe in this way I can correct my mistakes.
三、词汇美
从“书面表达”的评分标准看,运用高级词汇对提高书面表达的“档次”和得分至关重要。我们常常提到“亮点词汇”,这不等于使用一些偏词、怪词,而是要使用一些生动、具体、形象的词语,并且要运用得准确得体。如“The job is very difficult to do.”不如表达成“The job is very challenging.”能显示出考生深厚的语言功底。在阅读时要注意积累富有表达力的词汇。词语的选择也应尽可能做到个性张扬、标新立异。在表达相同的意思时,表达方式的变换显得尤为重要。选择使用其恰当的同义词或词组可反映出考生较强的英语语言运用能力,同时也避免使人感到单调和乏味。
四、句式美
句式单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。精彩句式的合理使用会使本来结构单一、语句乏味的文章极具可读性。合并简单句使文章的语言由松散变得凝练。简单句虽然短小精悍,但在语言表达上,不能单一地只注重简单句的正确运用,还应多运用一些并列句或复合句,使句式灵活多变。省略与替代交替使用,避免写作时不必要的重复与累赘,使句子更简练、精确;主动句与被动句交替使用,使句子更具多样性;分词(短语)及with复合结构结合使用,使得文章句子结构紧凑,描述形象生动,为文章增色。请体会下面“书面表达”:
Dear Tom,
How are you doing?You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation.I am sorry that I did not reply without delay.How I wish I would read and reply your email as soon as I received it.However,I was busy preparing for myfinal exam at that time,which is vital for me.As a result,I had no choice but to completely focus on my study,for which I am very sorry.I hope you can understand me.
During the holiday,I am going to do a part-time job.On the one hand,I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family.On the other hand,I accumulate the social experience,which does good to my future life.At the same time,I will not forget to go over my lesson.I will spend a instructive holiday.How will you spend your holiday?I hope you have a good time.
These are my plan for the summer vacation.What’s yours?I am looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
五、衔接美
有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑是高考“书面表达”重要的评分依据。为了使文章结构紧凑、自然流畅,给人以上下贯通、一气呵成的感觉,段落之间要使用适当的过渡语;句子之间要使用逻辑性合理的衔接词。高考书面表达常用过渡性连接词分类如下:
表示并列性词语:either...or...,neither...nor...,or,as well as,and,both...and...
表示因果关系的连接性词语:therefore,so,as a result,as a result of,because of,due to,owing to,thanks to…
表示时间顺序的连接性词语:at first,then,later,meanwhile,in the end,before long,for thefirst time…
表示转折关系的连接性词语:yet,but,while,on the contrary,however…
表示解释说明的连接性词语:that is,that is to say,in other words,such as,for example…
表示递进关系的连接性词语:what’s more,besides,in addition,worses till,moreover,above all…
表示总结陈述的连接性词语:in a word,on the whole,in short,briefly,in brief,to sum up,all in all…
摘要:一篇优秀的“书面表达”会让考生在高考中得到较高的分数。那么,考生如何才能写出高分英语“书面表达”呢?笔者结合教学实践认为,考生在平时的练习时,就要加强训练文章的外在美、结构美、词汇美、句式美和衔接美。考生如果能做到这几点要求,就会在高考中取得意想不到的成绩。
1. 经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy
2. 人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of peoples living standard
3. 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4. 面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5. 人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6. 社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7. 引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8. 不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9. 热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11. 完全不同的观点
a totally different argument
12. 一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…
13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14. 就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…
15. 有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16. 双方的论点 argument on both sides
17. 发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
18. 对…必不可少 be indispensable to…
19. 正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20. …也不例外… be no exception
21. 对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…
22. 利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
23. 导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24. 复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25. 责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界 widen ones horizon/ broaden ones vision
28. 学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29. 经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
30. 考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective
32. 做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34. 为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
【高考英语真题书面表达】推荐阅读:
高考英语书面表达句型最新总结11-23
高考英语书面表达经典句型 教学总结07-10
湖北高考英语真题12-05
书面表达中考英语06-09
几篇英语书面表达07-18
电大英语3书面表达12-09
英语书面表达的写作步骤09-19
九年级英语书面表达题库12-10
高中英语书面表达讲解与训练07-09
年高考英语真题完形填空题?完全解析09-17