不定式与动名词作宾语的差异（精选2篇）
例如：
He wants to go now.
他现在想走。
(want发生在go之前)
Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
你想来杯咖啡吗?
(like发生在havea cup of coffee之前，并且havea cup of coffee是一次性的)
We like to play chess.
我们喜欢下象棋。
(play chess在这里是指经常性的活动，而非一次性的活动)
2.动名词作宾语的时候，宾语动作的时间和谓语动作的时间是同步的，同时发生或者同时结束。动名词还突出动作的经常性。
例如：
他已经完成写作。
√He has finished writing.
(finished和writing是同时结束的)
×He has finished to write.
(towrite发生在finished后面，这个讲不通)
许多男生喜欢唱歌。
√Many boys enjoy singing.
(enjoy和singing是同时发生的)
×Many boys enjoy to sing.
(enjoy发生在sing前面，这个不符合实际)
男生保持享受1分钟。
√The boy kept smiling for one minute.
(kept和singing是同时发生的)
×The boy kept to smile for one minute.
(kept和to sing发生的时间不同步，这个讲不通)
速记，只能接动名词(不能接动词不定式)作宾语的动词：
finish完成
mind介意
delay耽误
avoid避免
admit承认
practise练习
enjoy享受
suggest建议
require要求
keep保持
can’thelp禁不住
advise劝告
stop停止
postpone推迟
leaveoff停止
evade逃避
putoff推迟
excuse原谅
deny否认
miss错过
pardon原谅
escape逃过
consider考虑
endure承受
They stopped drinking water.
他们停下来喝水。
(drinking water是宾语)
They stopped to drink water.
他们停下(别的事)来喝水。
(to drink water是目的状语)
当宾语后面有宾补，且宾语是不定式的时候，必须将该不定式移到宾补后面，原宾语的地方需要放一个形式主语it。
例如：
Some students find it hard to speak up.
一些学生觉得难于开口。
I will make it easier for you to learn English.
我会使你的英语学习变得些。
作者|丹丹英语
1.在以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。如:
(1)I decided to ask for my money back.
(2)I decided that I would ask for my money back.
(3)When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to start back on foot.
(4)When our visit to the farm was over,we expected that we would start back on foot.
2.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。如:
(1)We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
(2)He feels it his duty to help the poor.
3.介词but,except,besides+to do(do)。在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。如:
(1)The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.
(2)On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
二、动名词作宾语
1.在以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don’t mind,give up,insist,on,put off等。如:
(1)I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
(2)You must give up smoking,for it does too much harm to your health.
2.动名词作介词的宾语。如:
(1)I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead o staying at home.
(2)What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?
动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no time(in)doing,prevent/stop...(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。
3.部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。如:begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。
在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving(to be improved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。
在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:
(1)hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如:I’d like to have a cup of coffee.
(2)当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.
(3)begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what was happening.
4.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。如:
(1)Our teachers don’t permit our swimming in the lake.
(2)Our teachers don’t permit us to swim in the lake.
5.部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。
5.1 forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如:
(1)Don’t forget to post the letter for me.
(2)Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?
(3)Remember to close the windows before you leave.
(4)I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
(5)We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.
(6)They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
5.2 mean to do打算做某事;mean doing意味着……,如:
(1)I meant to catch up with the early bus.
(2)This means wasting a lot of money.
5.3 try to do设法尽力做某事;try doing试着做某事,如:
(1)You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
(2)Try working out the physics problem in another way.
5.4 stop to do停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语);stop doing停止做某事,如:
(1)On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.
(2)You’d better stop arguing and do as you are told.
5.5 can’t help doing禁不住……;can’t help to do不能帮助干……,如:
(1)They couldn’t help jumping up at the news.
(2)Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can’t help to make up the room for you.
5.6 go on to do做不同的事或不同内容的事;go on doing继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续,如:
(1)He went on to talk about world situation.
(2)We’ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.
5.7 leave off to do离开某地去干什么(目的状语);leave off doing停下某事,如:
(1)It’s time to leave off talking and to start acting.
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